4190 lines
545 KiB
XML
4190 lines
545 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="35DB3F2420B47DEB39123014ECED57B8">Eucholoeops Ameghino, 1887 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) from the Santa Cruz Formation, Argentine Patagonia: implications for the systematics of Santacrucian sloths</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE13D964FD7EFE28FBBEFE79" authority="Ameghino, 1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[746,1140,437,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FD7EFE28FC7CFE66" bold="true" box="[746,950,437,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE13D964FC29FE28FBBEFE79" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[957,1140,437,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE910D0DE13D964FD31FE65FBEFFDB8" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[677,1061,504,529]" page="21" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" year="1887">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE13D964FD31FE65FBEFFDB8" authority="Ameghino, 1887: 21" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1887" box="[677,1061,504,529]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FD31FE65FC9EFDA6" box="[677,852,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE13D964FCCDFE64FBEFFDB8" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[857,1061,505,529]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino, 1887: 21</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE13D964FD31FDADFB9FFDE1" blockId="11.[677,1109,560,586]" box="[677,1109,560,586]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE910D0DE13D964FD31FDADFB85FDE3" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[677,1103,560,586]" page="322" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" year="1891">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE13D964FD31FDADFB85FDE3" authority="Ameghino, 1891: 322" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityPageNumber="322" authorityYear="1891" box="[677,1103,560,586]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FD31FDADFCBBFDE1" box="[677,881,560,584]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Eucholoeops latirostris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE13D964FCE3FDAFFB85FDE3" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[887,1103,562,586]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="289 - 328" refId="ref28599" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1891. - Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural 1: 289 - 328." type="journal article" year="1891">Ameghino, 1891: 322</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE13D964FD31FDF4FB80FD28" blockId="11.[677,1098,617,642]" box="[677,1098,617,642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5811EFDE13D964FD31FDF4FB80FD28" box="[677,1098,617,642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE910D0DE13D964FD31FDF4FB8EFD2B" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[677,1092,617,642]" page="322" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" year="1891">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE13D964FD31FDF4FB8EFD2B" authority="Ameghino, 1891: 322" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityPageNumber="322" authorityYear="1891" box="[677,1092,617,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="externus">
|
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<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FD31FDF4FCACFD28" box="[677,870,617,641]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Eucholoeops externus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE13D964FCF8FDF7FB8EFD2B" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[876,1092,618,642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="289 - 328" refId="ref28599" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1891. - Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural 1: 289 - 328." type="journal article" year="1891">Ameghino, 1891: 322</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE13D964FD31FD3FFBF1FD7D" blockId="11.[677,1209,674,724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5811EFDE13D964FD31FD3FFBF1FD7D" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE910D0DE13D964FD31FD3FFBE4FD12" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[677,1070,674,699]" page="410" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" year="1894">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE13D964FD31FD3FFBE4FD12" authority="Ameghino, 1894: 410" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityPageNumber="410" authorityYear="1894" box="[677,1070,674,699]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FD31FD3FFC9BFD10" box="[677,849,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Eucholoeops curtus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE13D964FCC3FD3EFBE4FD12" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[855,1070,675,699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="259 - 455" refId="ref28641" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1894. - Enumeration synoptique des especes de mammiferes fossiles des formations eocenes de Patagonie. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Cordoba 13: 259 - 455." type="journal article" year="1894">Ameghino, 1894: 410</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(not p. 154 as incorrectly indicated in
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE910D0DE13D964FC1AFD21FBFAFD7D" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[910,1072,700,724]" page="276" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE13D964FC1AFD21FBFAFD7D" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[910,1072,700,724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904: 276</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE13D964FD31FD68FCBEFC8E" blockId="11.[677,1210,757,807]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
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<materialsCitation id="3B203C9CDE13D964FD31FD68FCBEFC8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3120746303" collectionCode="MPM-PV" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="MPM-PV 3401" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
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<typeStatus id="54F38863DE13D964FD31FD68FD35FCA2" box="[677,767,757,780]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
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. —
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<specimenCode id="DBEE9EBADE13D964FCBFFD68FC00FCA4" box="[811,970,757,781]" collectionCode="MPM-PV" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">MPM-PV 3401</specimenCode>
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, designated here (
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<figureCitation id="13732A44DE13D964FBECFD68FB7FFCA4" box="[1144,1205,757,781]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[247,1076,215,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-25@8.[243,1079,214,1628]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimen MPM-PV 3401 (neotype): A-C, skull in left lateral (A), ventral (B), and dorsal (C) views; D, E, premaxillae in ventral (D) and lateral (E) (anterior towards left) views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538399/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13732A44DE13D964FD31FC92FD15FC8E" box="[677,735,783,807]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">6A, B</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13732A44DE13D964FD7EFC92FD3FFC8E" box="[746,757,783,807]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[113,124,1521,1539]" captionTargetBox="[689,1189,227,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-334@24.[688,1217,215,1629]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 8. — Forelimb long bone elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887:A-C, right humerus (MPM-PV 3401,neotype) in anterior (A), medial (B) and posterior (C) views (proximal towards top); D-F, left radius (MPM-PV 3451) in anterior (D), lateral (E) and posterior (F) views (proximal towards top); G-I, right humerus (FMNH P13125) in anterior (G), medial (H), and posterior (I) views (proximal towards top).Abbreviations:bg, bicipital groove;bt, bicipital tuberosity;ca, capitulum;das, distal articular surface;dps, del- topectoral shelf; enc, entepicondylar crest; enf, entepicondylar foramen; ecp, ectepicondyle (lateral epicondyle); enp, entepicondyle (medial epicondyle); gt, greater tubercle; he, head; lt, lesser tubercle; ne, neck; supr, supinator ridge; tr, trochlea. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4819465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4819465/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">8</figureCitation>
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A-C; 9A, B).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B203C9CDE13D964FD31FCD5FC38FCD3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3120746302" country="Argentina" location="Puesto Estancia La Costa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
|
||
LOCALITY AND HORIZON. —
|
||
<location id="8E97601ADE13D964FC2BFCD5FB7CFCC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187D7DE13D971FD7EFE28FD4DF98C:8E97601ADE13D964FC2BFCD5FB7CFCC9" box="[959,1206,840,864]" country="Argentina" name="Puesto Estancia La Costa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Puesto Estancia La Costa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498CF823DE13D964FD30FCFEFCB7FCD3" box="[676,893,866,891]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Santa Cruz Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7651DE13D964FC1DFCFFFC38FCD3" box="[905,1010,866,890]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B203C9CDE13D964FC6AFCFFFBF1FC63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3120746301" collectionCode="SALMA" country="Argentina" location="Estancia La Costa Member" municipality="Santa Cruz Formation" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
|
||
<location id="8E97601ADE13D964FC6AFCFFFD37FC3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187D7DE13D971FD7EFE28FD4DF98C:8E97601ADE13D964FC6AFCFFFD37FC3C" country="Argentina" municipality="Santa Cruz Formation" name="Estancia La Costa Member" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Estancia La Costa Member</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B93ACBBDE13D964FC9CFCE0FC23FC3C" box="[776,1001,893,917]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Santa Cruz Formation</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(late Early Miocene, Santacrucian
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED59AE04DE13D964FCBEFC0AFC4AFC06" box="[810,896,919,943]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">SALMA</collectionCode>
|
||
). The specimen is also figured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE13D964FD31FC2FFC9DFC63" author="BARGO M. S. & VIZCAINO S. F. & KAY R. F." box="[677,855,946,970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" pagination="870 - 880" refId="ref28968" refString="BARGO M. S., VIZCAINO S. F. & KAY R. F. 2009. - Predominance of orthal masticatory movements in the Early Miocene Eucholaeops (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) and other megatherioid sloths. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 870 - 880." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Bargo
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FD70FC2EFCC1FC63" box="[740,779,946,970]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2; 2012: fig. 13.3)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352654ADE13D964FD31FC76FBACF9BE" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE13D964FD31FC76FC6AFADC" blockId="11.[675,1210,1002,1397]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS. — Caniniform teeth very large; maxilla does not extend beyond alveolar wall of C1 laterally or ventrally and forms a pillar-like sheath surrounding C1; premaxillar margins of maxillae form wide V-shaped notch, with small anterior flange; preorbital width of rostrum considerably greater than width at postorbital constriction; differing from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE13D964FB00FB17FD35FB15" authorityName="INGENS AMEGHINO" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FB00FB17FD35FB15" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Eucholoeops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, in which caniniforms are smaller, maxillae extend slightly anterior to caniniform alveolus, premaxillar margins of maxillae forming narrower V-shaped notch, with more pronounced anterior flange, and preorbital rostrum width slightly greater than that of postorbital constriction; dentary with marked concavity anterior to c1 alveolus; Mcs II-V subequal in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE13D964FD31FA0BFBACF9BE" blockId="11.[677,1210,1429,1559]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
REFERRED MATERIAL. — FMNHP13125, FMNHP13139, MACN-A 6413 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F38863DE13D964FCC0FA2DFC4AFA61" box="[852,896,1456,1480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE13D964FC31FA2CFC31FA61" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[933,1019,1457,1480]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FC31FA2CFC79FA61" box="[933,947,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FC56FA2CFC31FA61" box="[962,1019,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), MACN-A 6414, MACN-A 4639 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F38863DE13D964FCD9FA56FCB2FA4A" box="[845,888,1483,1507]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE13D964FC02FA56FBCFFA4B" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[918,1029,1482,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FC02FA56FC6EFA4B" box="[918,932,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FC3AFA57FBCFFA4B" box="[942,1029,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), MACN-A 4640, 4641 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F38863DE13D964FD70FA78FCC5FA54" box="[740,783,1509,1533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE13D964FCA4FA7BFC5DFA54" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[816,919,1509,1533]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="externus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FCA4FA7BFCF4FA54" box="[816,830,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FCDFFA7BFC5DFA54" box="[843,919,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">externus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), MACN-A 4642, MPM-PV 3451, MPM-PV 3452, and MPM-PV 15046.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352654ADE13D978FD31F9D7FD4DFA6C" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE13D964FD31F9D7FC36F9CB" blockId="11.[677,1020,1610,1699]" box="[677,1020,1610,1636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISON</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE13D964FD31F9F4FC7DF92A" blockId="11.[677,1020,1610,1699]" box="[677,951,1641,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE13D964FD31F9F4FC7DF92A" box="[677,951,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Skull, mandible, and teeth</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE13D964FD31F914FC33F90A" blockId="11.[677,1020,1610,1699]" box="[677,1017,1673,1699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
See
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE13D964FD5BF914FC82F90A" box="[719,840,1673,1699]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStart-5="FIG" captionStartId-0="8.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionStartId-1="10.[113,123,1589,1607]" captionStartId-2="12.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionStartId-3="14.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionStartId-4="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionStartId-5="20.[113,124,1611,1629]" captionTargetBox-0="[247,1076,215,1609]" captionTargetBox-1="[131,1198,216,1556]" captionTargetBox-2="[118,1209,215,1591]" captionTargetBox-3="[127,1203,217,1551]" captionTargetBox-4="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetBox-5="[135,1194,220,1571]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@8.[243,1079,214,1628]" captionTargetId-1="figure-162@10.[119,1215,207,1621]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@12.[113,1209,201,1615]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@14.[113,1209,182,1596]" captionTargetId-4="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetId-5="figure-25@20.[113,1209,192,1606]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionTargetPageId-4="18" captionTargetPageId-5="20" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimen MPM-PV 3401 (neotype): A-C, skull in left lateral (A), ventral (B), and dorsal (C) views; D, E, premaxillae in ventral (D) and lateral (E) (anterior towards left) views. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 3.— Skull of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887 MPM-PV 3451 in left lateral (A, B), ventral (C), and dorsal (D) views (anterior towards left).Abbreviations:bf, buccinator fossa;bo, basioccipital;C1, caniniform tooth;eam, external auditory meatus;foo, foramen ovale;fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla;fr, frontal;frpas, frontoparietal suture;la, lacrimal; laf, lacrimal foramen; M1-M4, upper molariform teeth;max, maxilla;maxfrs, maxillofrontal suture;mcr, median crest; na, nasal; nafrs, nasofrontal suture; nucr, nuchal crest;oc, occipital condyle;pa, parietal;pt, pterygoid;sacr, sagittal crest;so, supraoccipital;sq, squamosal;sqpas, squamosoparietal suture.Scale bar:5 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. — Skulls of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimens: A, C, E, MPM-PV 3452; B, D, F, MPM-PV 15046. A, B, ventral views; C, D, left lateral views; E, F, dorsal views (anterior towards left). Abbreviation: fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Skulls of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimens: A, C, E, FMNH P13125; B, D, F, FMNH P13139. A, B, left lateral views; C, D, ventral views; E, F, dorsal views (anterior towards left). Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-4="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-5="FIG. 7. — Type specimens referred to Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887: A-C, MACN-A 4639, type of E. latirostris, anterior part of skull in lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views (A reversed from original; anterior towards left);D-F, MACN-A 6413,type of E. curtus, in lateral (D), dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views (anterior towards left); G-J, MACN-A 4640, type of E. externus, skull remains: G-H, ante- rior towards left; I, J, R dentary (anterior towards right) in dorsal (G), ventral (H), lateral (I) and occlusal (J) views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538399" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538401" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538403" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538405" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538411" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4538399/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4538401/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4538403/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4538405/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4538411/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Figures 2-7</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CA037ADE13D964FCE9F914FC1CF90A" box="[893,982,1673,1699]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[113,122,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 1. — Skull and upper tooth measurements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887 (measurements in mm). Abbreviations: dentition: C1, transverse/mesiodistal diameters of caniniform (or its alveolus); M1-M4, transverse/mesiodistal diameters of molariform teeth or their alveoli; L C1-OC, length from the mesial margin of C1 (or anterior margin of its alveolus) to the posterior margin of the occipital condyles; L C1-M4, length from the mesial margin C1 to the distal margin M4 (or the anterior and posterior margins, respectively, of their alveoli); L Dias, diastema length; L M1-M4, length from the mesial margin of M1 to the distal mar- gin of M4 (or anterior and posterior margins, respectively, of their alveoli); W Pal C1, palatal width between C1s (or their alveoli); W Dias, maximum width across maxillae at level of diastemata; W Mast, skull width across mastoid processes; W C1, maximum width across maxillae at level of C1s; W M3, maximum width between lateral borders of M3 alveoli; W Pal, minimum palatal width at M- (see Table);W Preorbit, dorsal width at preorbital constriction; W Postorbit, width at postorbital constriction;W Temp, width between temporal lines on frontals; c., estimated measurement; *, measurements from Ameghino (1887); specimen not formally assigned to E. ingens, see text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF376649DE17D960FFE5FF46FE4AFE79" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" tableUuid="DF376649DE17D960FFE5FF46FE4AFE79">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CA037ADE13D964FC70F914FC3FF90A" box="[996,1013,1673,1699]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="16.[113,122,220,238]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 2. — Mandible and lower tooth measurements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887 (measurements in mm). Abbreviations: dentition: c1, transverse/mesiodistal diameters of caniniform (or its alveolus); m1-m3, transverse/mesiodistal diameters of molari- form teeth (or their alveoli); H Ramus, maximal height of horizontal ramus at m3; L c1-m3, length from the mesial margin of c1 to the distal margin of m3 (or anterior and posterior margins, respectively, of their alveoli); L Dias Mand, length of mandibular diastema; L Mand, maximal mandibular length from anterior margin of spout to posterior margin of mandibular condyle; L m1-m3, length from the mesial margin of m1 to distal margin of m3 (or anterior and posterior margins, respectively, of their alveoli); L Spout, length of the spout from anterior to posterior margins of mandibular symphysis; L, left; R, right; *, measurements from Ameghino (1887); specimen not formally assigned to E. ingens, see text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF376649DE08D97FFFE5FF41FE14FE24" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" tableUuid="DF376649DE08D97FFFE5FF41FE14FE24">2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376649DE14D963FFE5F9E4FF30F911" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538403" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538403/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" startId="12.[113,124,1657,1675]" targetBox="[118,1209,215,1591]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE14D963FFE5F9E4FF30F911" blockId="12.[113,1212,1657,1720]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">
|
||
FIG. 4. — Skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE14D963FE9BF9E4FD8CF922" authority="Ameghino, 1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[271,582,1657,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FE9BF9E4FE7CF922" box="[271,438,1657,1675]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE14D963FE28F9E4FD8CF922" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[444,582,1657,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimens:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FD26F9E4FD75F922" bold="true" box="[690,703,1657,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FD5EF9E4FD12F922" bold="true" box="[714,728,1657,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FD77F9E4FD25F922" bold="true" box="[739,751,1657,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">E</emphasis>
|
||
, MPM-PV 3452;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FCEAF9E4FC41F922" bold="true" box="[894,907,1657,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FC02F9E4FC6EF922" bold="true" box="[918,932,1657,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FC3AF9E4FC73F922" bold="true" box="[942,953,1657,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">F</emphasis>
|
||
, MPM-PV 15046.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FBC7F9E4FBAAF922" bold="true" box="[1107,1120,1657,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FBFEF9E4FBBDF922" bold="true" box="[1130,1143,1657,1675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">B</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FF3EF912FF72F908" bold="true" box="[170,184,1679,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FF56F90DFF1AF90B" bold="true" box="[194,208,1680,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">D</emphasis>
|
||
, left lateral views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FEFCF90DFEBEF90B" bold="true" box="[360,372,1680,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FEEAF90DFE43F90B" bold="true" box="[382,393,1680,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">F</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal views (anterior towards left). Abbreviation:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE14D963FCBDF90DFCFEF90B" bold="true" box="[809,820,1680,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="221">fl</emphasis>
|
||
, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE15D962FFE5FF45FE95FF5B" blockId="13.[111,648,216,1129]" box="[113,351,216,242]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FFE5FF45FE95FF5B" box="[113,351,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Skull (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE15D962FF20FF45FEC0FF5B" box="[180,266,216,242]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="8.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionStartId-1="10.[113,123,1589,1607]" captionStartId-2="12.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionStartId-3="14.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox-0="[247,1076,215,1609]" captionTargetBox-1="[131,1198,216,1556]" captionTargetBox-2="[118,1209,215,1591]" captionTargetBox-3="[127,1203,217,1551]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@8.[243,1079,214,1628]" captionTargetId-1="figure-162@10.[119,1215,207,1621]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@12.[113,1209,201,1615]" captionTargetId-3="figure-25@14.[113,1209,182,1596]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimen MPM-PV 3401 (neotype): A-C, skull in left lateral (A), ventral (B), and dorsal (C) views; D, E, premaxillae in ventral (D) and lateral (E) (anterior towards left) views. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 3.— Skull of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887 MPM-PV 3451 in left lateral (A, B), ventral (C), and dorsal (D) views (anterior towards left).Abbreviations:bf, buccinator fossa;bo, basioccipital;C1, caniniform tooth;eam, external auditory meatus;foo, foramen ovale;fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla;fr, frontal;frpas, frontoparietal suture;la, lacrimal; laf, lacrimal foramen; M1-M4, upper molariform teeth;max, maxilla;maxfrs, maxillofrontal suture;mcr, median crest; na, nasal; nafrs, nasofrontal suture; nucr, nuchal crest;oc, occipital condyle;pa, parietal;pt, pterygoid;sacr, sagittal crest;so, supraoccipital;sq, squamosal;sqpas, squamosoparietal suture.Scale bar:5 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. — Skulls of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimens: A, C, E, MPM-PV 3452; B, D, F, MPM-PV 15046. A, B, ventral views; C, D, left lateral views; E, F, dorsal views (anterior towards left). Abbreviation: fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Skulls of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimens: A, C, E, FMNH P13125; B, D, F, FMNH P13139. A, B, left lateral views; C, D, ventral views; E, F, dorsal views (anterior towards left). Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538399" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538401" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538403" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538405" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4538399/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4538401/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4538403/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4538405/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Figs 2-5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE15D962FE8CFF45FEEFFF5B" box="[280,293,216,242]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,124,1611,1629]" captionTargetBox="[135,1194,220,1571]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[113,1209,192,1606]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. — Type specimens referred to Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887: A-C, MACN-A 4639, type of E. latirostris, anterior part of skull in lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views (A reversed from original; anterior towards left);D-F, MACN-A 6413,type of E. curtus, in lateral (D), dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views (anterior towards left); G-J, MACN-A 4640, type of E. externus, skull remains: G-H, ante- rior towards left; I, J, R dentary (anterior towards right) in dorsal (G), ventral (H), lateral (I) and occlusal (J) views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538411/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">7</figureCitation>
|
||
A-H)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE15D962FFE5FF65FE2EFBC0" blockId="13.[111,648,216,1129]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FFE5FF65FE60FEBB" bold="true" box="[113,426,247,274]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">The dorsal profile of the skull</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE5DFF6AFD4CFEB8" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[457,646,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE5DFF6AFD4CFEB8" box="[457,646,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is gently and regularly convex, with a very slight depression at its middle and another posteriorly, as opposed to the generally declining profile anterior to the middle of the cranium in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE34FEEBFE35FE39" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[416,511,374,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE34FEEBFE35FE39" box="[416,511,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The general form of the skull in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FED4FE0BFE73FE19" authorityName="INGENS AMEGHINO" authorityYear="1887" box="[320,441,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FED4FE0BFE73FE19" box="[320,441,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Eucholoeops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long been conceptualized as having an enormously robust muzzle with a prominent depression between the facial and cranial parts of the skull, based on the illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FF1BFD88FECBFD87" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[143,257,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="externus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FF1BFD88FF55FD87" box="[143,159,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FF3AFD88FECBFD87" box="[174,257,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">externus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FEBFFD88FE65FD86" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[299,431,533,559]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott (1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 56, fig. 1). This specimen is assigned here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE33FDA8FDCEFDE7" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[423,516,565,591]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE33FDA8FE7DFDE7" box="[423,439,565,590]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE51FDA8FDCEFDE7" box="[453,516,565,590]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Scott’s figure is considered inaccurate (see Discussion).The skull is usually regularly convex in some megalonychids (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE9CFD0EFEA5FD04" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[264,367,659,685]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE9CFD0EFEA5FD04" box="[264,367,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FEEAFD09FE21FD07" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[382,491,660,686]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FEEAFD09FE21FD07" box="[382,491,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FDBFFD09FD4AFD04" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[555,640,660,685]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FDBFFD09FD4AFD04" box="[555,640,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FF02FD2EFEA1FD64" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[150,363,691,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FF6CFD29FEE1FD64" box="[248,299,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) though more strongly so. The difference is due mainly to the more robust rostrum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FF79FD6EFE82FCA5" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[237,328,755,781]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FF79FD6EFF31FCA5" box="[237,251,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE9DFD6EFE82FCA5" box="[265,328,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared with these taxa. In other megalonychids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE1BFC8EFE15FC85" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[399,479,787,812]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE1BFC8EFE15FC85" box="[399,479,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE7DFC8EFF6CFCE5" authority="Miller, 1929" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE7DFC8EFDF5FC85" box="[489,575,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
Miller, 1929
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, to a lesser degree,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE05FCAFFD4EFCE5" authority="Leidy, 1868" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[401,644,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE05FCAFFDCFFCE5" box="[401,517,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FD9EFCAFFD4EFCE5" author="LEIDY J." box="[522,644,818,844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="178 - 180" refId="ref30964" refString="LEIDY J. 1868. - Notice of some vertebrate remains from the West Indian islands. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences 20: 178 - 180." type="journal article" year="1868">Leidy, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FF0AFCCFFEC1FCC5" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[158,267,850,876]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FF0AFCCFFEC1FCC5" box="[158,267,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the rostrum is slender and elongated so that the profile over the orbital and facial regions (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FF0BFC0CFE3BFC05" author="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. & DE" box="[159,497,913,940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref31417" refString="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. (DE) 1959. - The Cuban Edentates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Matthew & Paula Couto 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FE6AFC0CFF61FC63" author="PAULA COUTO C. DE" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref32348" refString="PAULA COUTO C. DE 1967. - Pleistocene edentates of the West Indies. American Museum Novitates 2304: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1967">Paula Couto 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FF22FC2DFE40FC62" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[182,394,944,971]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE83FC2CFE81FC63" box="[279,331,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is nearly rectilinear. In still others such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FEAAFC4DFE66FC43" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" box="[318,428,976,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FEAAFC4DFE66FC43" box="[318,428,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the rostrum is very deep and the profile is doubly convex, over the cranium and the rostrum. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FEE8FB92FE39FB80" authorityName="Cartelle, De Iuliis & Pujos" authorityYear="2008" box="[380,499,1039,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FEE8FB92FE39FB80" box="[380,499,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the rostrum is considerably shortened and the profile is shallowly concave at the nasofrontal contact.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE15D962FFE5FB13FC57FC02" blockId="13.[112,656,1166,1700]" lastBlockId="13.[675,1210,216,939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FFE5FB13FF34FB01" bold="true" box="[113,254,1166,1192]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">The maxillae</emphasis>
|
||
end abruptly anterior to C1, mainly following the curvature of this tooth, so that the nasal overhangs the maxilla. A similar condition exists in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FF4CFB73FE80FAA1" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[216,330,1262,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FF4CFB73FE80FAA1" box="[216,330,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FECFFB70FE02FAAE" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[347,456,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FECFFB70FE02FAAE" box="[347,456,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FD98FB70FDB5FAAE" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" box="[524,639,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD98FB70FDB5FAAE" box="[524,639,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these are easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FD98FA90FD4CFA8E" authorityName="INGENS AMEGHINO" authorityYear="1887" box="[524,646,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD98FA90FD4CFA8E" box="[524,646,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Eucholoeops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the rostrum tapers notably anteriorly in lateral view in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE8CFAD0FE42FACE" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[280,392,1357,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE8CFAD0FE42FACE" box="[280,392,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE56FAD1FDE1FACF" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[450,555,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE56FAD1FDE1FACF" box="[450,555,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the teeth are not triangular in section in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FD85FAF1FD4BFA2F" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" box="[529,641,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD85FAF1FD4BFA2F" box="[529,641,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lacrimal foramen appears relatively lower owing to the deeper height of the muzzle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FDBDFA31FD4DFA6C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[553,647,1452,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FDBDFA31FDF3FA6C" box="[553,569,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FDD3FA31FD4DFA6C" box="[583,647,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE94FA56FEAAFA4C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[256,352,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE94FA56FEAAFA4C" box="[256,352,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FE19FA51FE21FA4C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[397,491,1484,1510]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE19FA51FE57FA4C" box="[397,413,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FE3FFA51FE21FA4C" box="[427,491,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a pronounced and triangular depression lies on the ventral surface of the palate posterior to C1 and narrows into a trough extending along length of the diastema to M1. The presence of the depression and trough seem unrelated to accommodating c1. The depression and trough are ridged laterally and medially and do not extend onto the lateral surface of the maxilla. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FCBCFF6AFC41FEB8" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[808,907,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FCBCFF6AFC41FEB8" box="[808,907,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is only a much shallower trough in this position and it is not consistently present (for example, it is not evident on the left side of FMNH P13141).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FC78FECBFB42FED8" author="NAPLES V. L." box="[1004,1160,342,369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref31991" refString="NAPLES V. L. 1982. - Cranial osteology and function in the tree sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus. American Museum Novitates 2739: 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1982">Naples (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FD31FEEBFC8DFE39" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[677,839,374,400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the presence of a postcanine fossa in the maxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FC0FFE0BFBC9FE19" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[923,1027,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FC0FFE0BFBC9FE19" box="[923,1027,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that receives the tip of c1. This differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FB82FE2BFBBEFE66" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1046,1140,438,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FB82FE2BFBECFE66" box="[1046,1062,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FBA0FE2BFBBEFE66" box="[1076,1140,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being deeper and restricted to the region immediately posterior to C1, rather than continuing as a trough to M1. Also, the fossa in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FC2FFD88FBE9FD86" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[955,1059,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FC2FFD88FBE9FD86" box="[955,1059,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends onto the lateral surface of the maxilla and is thus observable in lateral view, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FB8EFDC9FB5EFDC7" authorityName="INGENS AMEGHINO" authorityYear="1887" box="[1050,1172,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FB8EFDC9FB5EFDC7" box="[1050,1172,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Eucholoeops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which it is restricted to the palatal surface.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FBF3FDE9FD25FD04" author="GAUDIN T. J." pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
signaled a postcanine fossa as characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FD55FD2EFCBFFD64" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1855" box="[705,885,691,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Megalonychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the fossa is not present in a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FD21FD4EFC43FD44" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1871" box="[693,905,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wheatleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD21FD4EFC43FD44" box="[693,905,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Megalonyx wheatleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen (ROM 55503a, b, cast of skull and mandible) we examined and is apparently absent in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FC1BFC8FFC34FC85" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1825" box="[911,1022,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FC1BFC8FFC34FC85" box="[911,1022,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FD56FCAFFC85FCE4" author="LEIDY J." box="[706,847,818,845]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref30937" refString="LEIDY J. 1855. - A memoir on the extinct sloth tribe of North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 7: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1855">Leidy (1855)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in which the caniniforms occlude differently; this is also true of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FB93FCCFFBBCFCC5" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[1031,1142,850,876]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FB93FCCFFBBCFCC5" box="[1031,1142,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FCE5FCECFBEEFC25" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[881,1060,881,908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in which the teeth occlude similarly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE15D97FFD31FC4DFDD2FB21" blockId="13.[674,1212,976,1699]" lastBlockId="16.[111,648,913,1161]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD31FC4DFC9BFC43" bold="true" box="[677,849,976,1002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">The premaxillae</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FCE6FC4DFBE5FC43" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[882,1071,976,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FCE6FC4DFBE5FC43" box="[882,1071,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, loosely connected to the maxilla and each other (as is usual in sloths), are approximately triangular, although their anterior tip is missing in MPM-PV 3401 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE15D962FD3AFBD2FCE8FBC0" box="[686,802,1103,1129]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[247,1076,215,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-25@8.[243,1079,214,1628]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimen MPM-PV 3401 (neotype): A-C, skull in left lateral (A), ventral (B), and dorsal (C) views; D, E, premaxillae in ventral (D) and lateral (E) (anterior towards left) views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538399/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Fig. 2D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is likely that the overall form of the premaxillae would have resembled the Y-shaped structure noted for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FCE4FB13FBE1FB01" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[880,1067,1166,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fronto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FCE4FB13FBE1FB01" box="[880,1067,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Eucholoeops fronto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FBC9FB13FB76FB01" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1117,1212,1166,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FBC9FB13FB76FB01" box="[1117,1212,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FD51FB33FC8CFB61" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[709,838,1198,1224]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott (1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FCC5FB33FC47FB61" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[849,909,1198,1224]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE15D962FC0BFB33FB8BFB61" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[927,1089,1198,1224]" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also scored
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FD30FB50FCD4FB4E" authorityName="INGENS AMEGHINO" authorityYear="1887" box="[676,798,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD30FB50FCD4FB4E" box="[676,798,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Eucholoeops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having a Y-shaped premaxilla, and the preserved portions of MPM-PV 3401 do not necessarily contradict this author’s assessment. The premaxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FCAFFAB0FC56FAEE" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[827,924,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FCAFFAB0FC56FAEE" box="[827,924,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from several species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FC80FAD0FBFBFACE" authority=", YPM-VPPU" authorityName="YPM-VPPU" box="[788,1073,1356,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FC80FAD0FCE0FACF" box="[788,810,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FCAEFAD1FC5CFACF" box="[826,918,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
, YPM-VPPU
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
15523, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FD32FAF0FC62FA2F" authority=", AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[678,936,1388,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruetimeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD32FAF0FD70FA2F" box="[678,698,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD5EFAF0FC8AFA2F" box="[714,832,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">ruetimeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
, AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
9250), differs mainly in being more gracile, bearing a longer anterior process, and a wider opening between the lateral and medial rami. The lateral ramus of the premaxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D962FD37FA76FD36F9AD" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[675,764,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD37FA76FD79F9AD" box="[675,691,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FD2BFA76FD36F9AD" box="[703,764,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considerably more robust though notably shorter than the medial ramus. The slender medial ramus tapers posteriorly, whereas the lateral ramus widens posteriorly into a blunt process that contacts the anteromedial margin of the maxilla, as occurs also in the Miocene nothrotheriid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE15D97FFBBCF914FE2BFC02" authority="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars, 2011" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="225" order="Pilosa" pageId="13" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE15D962FBBCF914FB71F90A" box="[1064,1211,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="222">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFFE5FC0CFE2BFC02" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[113,481,913,939]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7651DE08D97FFDB1FC0CFD9FFC02" box="[549,597,913,939]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFFE5FC2DFE02FC62" authority="(De Iuliis et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="De Iuliis" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[113,456,944,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFFE5FC2DFF1AFC63" box="[113,208,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFF75FC2CFE0AFC62" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[225,448,944,971]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFEDCFC2CFEB6FC63" box="[328,380,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In these last two genera, however, the medial ramus is about as long as the lateral ramus, although in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFE34FC6DFE37FBA3" box="[416,509,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFE34FC6DFE37FBA3" box="[416,509,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the posterior end of the medial ramus appears to have been at least partially reconstructed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFEE8FBADFE3EFBE0" box="[380,500,1071,1098]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFEE8FBADFE5BFBE0" box="[380,401,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFE0AFBB2FE3EFBE0" box="[414,500,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(YPM-VPPU 15523), so that illustrations in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFE20FBD2FDFEFBC0" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[436,564,1103,1129]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott (1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 31) are somewhat misleading in this regard.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376649DE16D961FFE5F9E4FCE5F90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538405/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" startId="14.[113,124,1657,1675]" targetBox="[127,1203,217,1551]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE16D961FFE5F9E4FCE5F90B" blockId="14.[113,1209,1657,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">
|
||
FIG. 5. — Skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE16D961FE9EF9E4FD8BF922" authority="Ameghino, 1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[266,577,1657,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FE9EF9E4FE79F922" box="[266,435,1657,1675]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE16D961FE23F9E4FD8BF922" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[439,577,1657,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimens:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FD38F9E4FD73F922" bold="true" box="[684,697,1657,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FD57F9E4FD1BF922" bold="true" box="[707,721,1657,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FD4EF9E4FD2CF922" bold="true" box="[730,742,1657,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">E</emphasis>
|
||
, FMNH P13125;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FCE0F9E4FC4BF922" bold="true" box="[884,897,1657,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FC1FF9E4FC53F922" bold="true" box="[907,921,1657,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FC37F9E4FC64F922" bold="true" box="[931,942,1657,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">F</emphasis>
|
||
, FMNH P13139.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FBA8F9E4FB83F922" bold="true" box="[1084,1097,1657,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FBC6F9E4FB95F922" bold="true" box="[1106,1119,1657,1675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
|
||
, left lateral views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FF3FF912FF73F908" bold="true" box="[171,185,1679,1697]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FF57F90DFF1BF90B" bold="true" box="[195,209,1680,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">D</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FEC6F90DFE94F90B" bold="true" box="[338,350,1680,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE16D961FEFCF90DFEB9F90B" bold="true" box="[360,371,1680,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="223">F</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal views (anterior towards left). Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF376649DE17D960FFE5FF46FE4AFE79" ID-Table-UUID="DF376649DE17D960FFE5FF46FE4AFE79" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF376649DE17D960FFE5FF46FE4AFE79" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" startId="15.[113,122,219,237]" targetBox="[115,1184,536,1063]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE17D960FFE5FF46FE4AFE79" blockId="15.[113,1211,219,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
TABLE 1. — Skull and upper tooth measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE17D960FDBAFF46FCA1FF44" authority="Ameghino, 1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[558,875,219,237]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FDBAFF46FD11FF44" box="[558,731,219,237]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE17D960FD75FF46FCA1FF44" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[737,875,219,237]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(measurements in mm). Abbreviations: dentition:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FF5FFF6CFF2EFEAA" bold="true" box="[203,228,241,259]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">C1</emphasis>
|
||
, transverse/mesiodistal diameters of caniniform (or its alveolus);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FCBBFF6FFCA5FEAD" bold="true" box="[815,879,242,260]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">M1-M4</emphasis>
|
||
, transverse/mesiodistal diameters of molariform teeth or their alveoli;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE12FE95FE1EFEB3" bold="true" box="[390,468,264,282]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L C1-OC</emphasis>
|
||
, length from the mesial margin of C1 (or anterior margin of its alveolus) to the posterior margin of the occipital condyles;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE1FFE82FE1CFE98" bold="true" box="[395,470,287,305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L C1-M4</emphasis>
|
||
, length from the mesial margin C1 to the distal margin M4 (or the anterior and posterior margins, respectively, of their alveoli);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE2DFEABFE3BFEE1" bold="true" box="[441,497,310,328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L Dias</emphasis>
|
||
, diastema length;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD05FEABFD2BFEE1" bold="true" box="[657,737,310,328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L M1-M4</emphasis>
|
||
, length from the mesial margin of M1 to the distal mar- gin of M4 (or anterior and posterior margins, respectively, of their alveoli);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD7EFED1FCF6FEF7" bold="true" box="[746,828,332,350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Pal C1</emphasis>
|
||
, palatal width between C1s (or their alveoli);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FFE5FEFEFF7AFEDC" bold="true" box="[113,176,355,373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Dias</emphasis>
|
||
, maximum width across maxillae at level of diastemata;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD06FEFEFD1CFEDC" bold="true" box="[658,726,355,373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Mast</emphasis>
|
||
, skull width across mastoid processes;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FBB8FEFEFB91FEDC" bold="true" box="[1068,1115,355,373]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W C1</emphasis>
|
||
, maximum width across maxillae at level of C1s;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE24FEE7FE28FE25" bold="true" box="[432,482,378,396]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W M3</emphasis>
|
||
, maximum width between lateral borders of M3 alveoli;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FC28FEE7FC3AFE25" bold="true" box="[956,1008,378,396]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Pal</emphasis>
|
||
, minimum palatal width at M- (see Table);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE91FE0DFEAEFE0B" bold="true" box="[261,356,400,418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Preorbit</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal width at preorbital constriction;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD26FE0DFCD6FE0B" bold="true" box="[690,796,400,418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Postorbit</emphasis>
|
||
, width at postorbital constriction;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FBAEFE0DFB4BFE0B" bold="true" box="[1082,1153,400,418]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Temp</emphasis>
|
||
, width between temporal lines on frontals;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE32FE3AFE7CFE10" bold="true" box="[422,438,423,441]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">c.</emphasis>
|
||
, estimated measurement;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD0FFE3AFD69FE10" bold="true" box="[667,675,423,441]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">*</emphasis>
|
||
, measurements from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE17D960FCCBFE3AFC39FE10" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[863,1011,423,441]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; specimen not formally assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE17D960FF4FFE23FEE3FE79" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[219,297,446,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FF4FFE23FF2CFE79" box="[219,230,446,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FF65FE23FEE3FE79" box="[241,297,446,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE17D960FFE7FD85FBA0FB8E" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<table id="F948C461DE172690FFE7FD85FB6AFB8E" box="[115,1184,536,1063]" gridcols="6" gridrows="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FD85FB6AFD85" box="[115,1184,536,556]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FD85FF2EFD85" box="[115,228,536,556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FFE7FD85FF11FD85" bold="true" box="[115,219,536,556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Catalogue</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFD85FE73FD85" box="[299,441,536,556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FEBFFD85FE73FD85" bold="true" box="[299,441,536,556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">MPM-PV 3401</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FDAFFB6AFDEF" box="[115,1184,562,582]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FDAFFF2EFDEF" box="[115,228,562,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FFE7FDAFFF0BFDEF" bold="true" box="[115,193,562,582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">number</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFDAFFE73FDEF" box="[299,441,562,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FED7FDAFFE6BFDEF" bold="true" box="[323,417,562,582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">(neotype)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFDAFFD9DFDEF" box="[488,599,562,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE7CFDAFFD98FDEF" bold="true" box="[488,594,562,582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">MPM 3451</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FDAFFCDAFDEF" box="[642,784,562,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD16FDAFFCDAFDEF" bold="true" box="[642,784,562,582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">MPM-PV 3452</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FDAFFC16FDEF" box="[833,988,562,582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FCD5FDAFFC16FDEF" bold="true" box="[833,988,562,582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">MPM-PV 15046</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FDAFFB6AFDEF" box="[1041,1184,562,582]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FB85FDAFFB6AFDEF" bold="true" box="[1041,1184,562,582]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">FMNH P13125</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FDC8FB6AFDC0" box="[115,1184,597,617]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FDC8FB6AFDC0" box="[115,1184,597,617]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Dentition</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FDF0FB6AFD28" box="[115,1184,621,641]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FDF0FF2EFD28" box="[115,228,621,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">C1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFDF0FE73FD28" box="[299,441,621,641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFDF0FD9DFD28" box="[488,599,621,641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">10.2/ 11.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FDF0FCDAFD28" box="[642,784,621,641]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FDF0FC16FD28" box="[833,988,621,641]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FDF0FB6AFD28" box="[1041,1184,621,641]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FD1BFB6AFD33" box="[115,1184,646,666]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FD1BFF2EFD33" box="[115,228,646,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">M1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFD1BFE73FD33" box="[299,441,646,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">11.9/6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFD1BFD9DFD33" box="[488,599,646,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">11.1/7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FD1BFCDAFD33" box="[642,784,646,666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FD1BFC16FD33" box="[833,988,646,666]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FD1BFB6AFD33" box="[1041,1184,646,666]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">11.6/8.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FD03FB6AFD1B" box="[115,1184,670,690]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FD03FF2EFD1B" box="[115,228,670,690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">M2</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFD03FE73FD1B" box="[299,441,670,690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">13.2/7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFD03FD9DFD1B" box="[488,599,670,690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">13.3/7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FD03FCDAFD1B" box="[642,784,670,690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FD03FC16FD1B" box="[833,988,670,690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FD03FB6AFD1B" box="[1041,1184,670,690]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">13.1/8.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FD2BFB6AFD63" box="[115,1184,694,714]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FD2BFF2EFD63" box="[115,228,694,714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">M3</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFD2BFE73FD63" box="[299,441,694,714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">11.4/7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFD2BFD9DFD63" box="[488,599,694,714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">12.3/6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FD2BFCDAFD63" box="[642,784,694,714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FD2BFC16FD63" box="[833,988,694,714]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FD2BFB6AFD63" box="[1041,1184,694,714]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">11.5/7.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FD53FB6AFD4B" box="[115,1184,718,738]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FD53FF2EFD4B" box="[115,228,718,738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">M4</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFD53FE73FD4B" box="[299,441,718,738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">8.6/5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFD53FD9DFD4B" box="[488,599,718,738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">9.2/4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FD53FCDAFD4B" box="[642,784,718,738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">8.4/4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FD53FC16FD4B" box="[833,988,718,738]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FD53FB6AFD4B" box="[1041,1184,718,738]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">8.5/6.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FD6CFB6AFCAC" box="[115,1184,753,773]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FD6CFF2EFCAC" box="[115,228,753,773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L C1-OC</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFD6CFE73FCAC" box="[299,441,753,773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">165.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFD6CFD9DFCAC" box="[488,599,753,773]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">159.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FD6CFCDAFCAC" box="[642,784,753,773]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">145.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FD6CFC16FCAC" box="[833,988,753,773]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">147.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FD6CFB6AFCAC" box="[1041,1184,753,773]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FC94FB6AFCB4" box="[115,1184,777,797]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FC94FF2EFCB4" box="[115,228,777,797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L C1-M4</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFC94FE73FCB4" box="[299,441,777,797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">65.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFC94FD9DFCB4" box="[488,599,777,797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">63.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FC94FCDAFCB4" box="[642,784,777,797]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">60.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FC94FC16FCB4" box="[833,988,777,797]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">59.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FC94FB6AFCB4" box="[1041,1184,777,797]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">64.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FCBCFB6AFC9C" box="[115,1184,801,821]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FCBCFF2EFC9C" box="[115,228,801,821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L Dias</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFCBCFE73FC9C" box="[299,441,801,821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">21.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFCBCFD9DFC9C" box="[488,599,801,821]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">20.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FCBCFCDAFC9C" box="[642,784,801,821]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">17.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FCBCFC16FC9C" box="[833,988,801,821]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">18.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FCBCFB6AFC9C" box="[1041,1184,801,821]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">19.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FCA7FB6AFCE7" box="[115,1184,826,846]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FCA7FF2EFCE7" box="[115,228,826,846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L M1-M4</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFCA7FE73FCE7" box="[299,441,826,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">34.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFCA7FD9DFCE7" box="[488,599,826,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">32.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FCA7FCDAFCE7" box="[642,784,826,846]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">33.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FCA7FC16FCE7" box="[833,988,826,846]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">30.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FCA7FB6AFCE7" box="[1041,1184,826,846]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">37.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FCCCFB6AFCCF" box="[115,1184,849,870]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FCCCFF2EFCCF" box="[115,228,849,870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W C1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFCCCFE73FCCF" box="[299,441,849,870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FEA0FCCFFE8CFCCF" box="[308,326,850,870]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">c.</emphasis>
|
||
52 (26 × 2)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFCCCFD9DFCCF" box="[488,599,849,870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">51.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FCCCFCDAFCCF" box="[642,784,849,870]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">48.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FCCCFC16FCCF" box="[833,988,849,870]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">45.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FCCCFB6AFCCF" box="[1041,1184,849,870]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FCF7FB6AFCD7" box="[115,1184,874,894]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FCF7FF2EFCD7" box="[115,228,874,894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Dias</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFCF7FE73FCD7" box="[299,441,874,894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">35.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFCF7FD9DFCD7" box="[488,599,874,894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">30.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FCF7FCDAFCD7" box="[642,784,874,894]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">31.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FCF7FC16FCD7" box="[833,988,874,894]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">28.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FCF7FB6AFCD7" box="[1041,1184,874,894]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">29.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FC1FFB6AFC3F" box="[115,1184,898,918]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FC1FFF2EFC3F" box="[115,228,898,918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Mast</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFC1FFE73FC3F" box="[299,441,898,918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFC1FFD9DFC3F" box="[488,599,898,918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">62.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FC1FFCDAFC3F" box="[642,784,898,918]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">66.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FC1FFC16FC3F" box="[833,988,898,918]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FC1FFB6AFC3F" box="[1041,1184,898,918]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FC07FB6AFC07" box="[115,1184,922,942]" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FC07FF2EFC07" box="[115,228,922,942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W M3</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFC07FE73FC07" box="[299,441,922,942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">39.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFC07FD9DFC07" box="[488,599,922,942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">40.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FC07FCDAFC07" box="[642,784,922,942]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">37.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FC07FC16FC07" box="[833,988,922,942]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">32.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FC07FB6AFC07" box="[1041,1184,922,942]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FC2FFB6AFC6F" box="[115,1184,946,966]" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FC2FFF2EFC6F" box="[115,228,946,966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Pal</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFC2FFE73FC6F" box="[299,441,946,966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">13.4 at M4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFC2FFD9DFC6F" box="[488,599,946,966]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">13.9 at M3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FC2FFCDAFC6F" box="[642,784,946,966]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">13.2 at M4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FC2FFC16FC6F" box="[833,988,946,966]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">10.9 at M2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FC2FFB6AFC6F" box="[1041,1184,946,966]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FC57FB6AFC77" box="[115,1184,970,990]" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FC57FF2EFC77" box="[115,228,970,990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Pal C1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFC57FE73FC77" box="[299,441,970,990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">29.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFC57FD9DFC77" box="[488,599,970,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">27.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FC57FCDAFC77" box="[642,784,970,990]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">29</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FC57FC16FC77" box="[833,988,970,990]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">22.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FC57FB6AFC77" box="[1041,1184,970,990]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FC7FFB6AFC5F" box="[115,1184,994,1014]" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FC7FFF2EFC5F" box="[115,228,994,1014]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Postorbit</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFC7FFE73FC5F" box="[299,441,994,1014]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FEA0FC7FFE8CFC5F" box="[308,326,994,1014]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">c.</emphasis>
|
||
46 (23 × 2)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFC7FFD9DFC5F" box="[488,599,994,1014]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">41.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FC7FFCDAFC5F" box="[642,784,994,1014]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">41.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FC7FFC16FC5F" box="[833,988,994,1014]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FC7FFB6AFC5F" box="[1041,1184,994,1014]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FC67FB6AFBA7" box="[115,1184,1018,1038]" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FC67FF2EFBA7" box="[115,228,1018,1038]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Preorbit</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFC67FE73FBA7" box="[299,441,1018,1038]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFC67FD9DFBA7" box="[488,599,1018,1038]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">46.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FC67FCDAFBA7" box="[642,784,1018,1038]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">43.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FC67FC16FBA7" box="[833,988,1018,1038]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">50.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FC67FB6AFBA7" box="[1041,1184,1018,1038]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FB8EFB6AFB8E" box="[115,1184,1043,1063]" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FB8EFF2EFB8E" box="[115,228,1043,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Temp</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFB8EFE73FB8E" box="[299,441,1043,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE7CFB8EFD9DFB8E" box="[488,599,1043,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">52.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD16FB8EFCDAFB8E" box="[642,784,1043,1063]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCD5FB8EFC16FB8E" box="[833,988,1043,1063]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FB85FB8EFB6AFB8E" box="[1041,1184,1043,1063]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE17D960FE42FBE5FB95F933" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<table id="F948C461DE172690FFE7FBE5FB72F933" box="[115,1208,1144,1690]" gridcols="6" gridrows="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FBE5FB72FB25" box="[115,1208,1144,1164]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FBE5FDA1FB25" box="[470,619,1144,1164]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE42FBE5FDAFFB25" bold="true" box="[470,613,1144,1164]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">MACN A-6413</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FBE5FCDBFB25" box="[643,785,1144,1164]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD17FBE5FCDBFB25" bold="true" box="[643,785,1144,1164]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">MACN A-4639</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFBE5FC1DFB25" box="[840,983,1144,1164]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FCDCFBE5FC1DFB25" bold="true" box="[840,983,1144,1164]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">MACN A-4640</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFBE5FB72FB25" box="[1017,1208,1144,1164]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FC68FBE5FB7CFB25" bold="true" box="[1020,1206,1144,1164]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Without catalogue</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FB0CFB72FB0F" box="[115,1208,1169,1190]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FB0CFF2EFB0F" box="[115,228,1169,1190]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FFE7FB0CFF11FB0C" bold="true" box="[115,219,1169,1189]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Catalogue</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FB0CFDA1FB0F" box="[470,619,1169,1190]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE63FB0FFD89FB0F" bold="true" box="[503,579,1170,1190]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">(type of</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FB0CFCDBFB0F" box="[643,785,1169,1190]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD30FB0FFD3AFB0F" bold="true" box="[676,752,1170,1190]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">(type of</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFB0CFC1DFB0F" box="[840,983,1169,1190]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FCFDFB0FFC7FFB0F" bold="true" box="[873,949,1170,1190]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">(type of</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFB0CFB72FB0F" box="[1017,1208,1169,1190]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FBA6FB0FFB4AFB0F" bold="true" box="[1074,1152,1170,1190]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">number</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FB36FB72FB16" box="[115,1208,1195,1215]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FB36FF2EFB16" box="[115,228,1195,1215]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FFE7FB36FF0BFB16" bold="true" box="[115,193,1195,1215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">number</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFB36FE70FB16" box="[299,442,1195,1215]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FEBFFB36FE70FB16" bold="true" box="[299,442,1195,1215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">FMNH P13139</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FB36FDA1FB16" box="[470,619,1195,1215]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE79FB36FD84FB16" bold="true" box="[493,590,1195,1215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE17D960FE79FB36FD82FB16" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[493,584,1195,1215]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE79FB36FD82FB16" bold="true" box="[493,584,1195,1215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">E. curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FB36FCDBFB16" box="[643,785,1195,1215]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD1EFB36FCC3FB16" bold="true" box="[650,777,1195,1215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE17D960FD1EFB36FCCEFB16" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[650,772,1195,1215]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FD1EFB36FCCEFB16" bold="true" box="[650,772,1195,1215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">E. latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFB36FC1DFB16" box="[840,983,1195,1215]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FCC6FB36FC01FB16" bold="true" box="[850,971,1195,1215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE17D960FCC6FB36FC0FFB16" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[850,965,1195,1215]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="externus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FCC6FB36FC0FFB16" bold="true" box="[850,965,1195,1215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">E. externus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFB36FB72FB16" box="[1017,1208,1195,1215]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FC6DFB36FB72FB16" bold="true" box="[1017,1208,1195,1215]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
(type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE17D960FBDFFB36FB63FB16" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1099,1193,1195,1215]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FBDFFB36FB63FB16" bold="true" box="[1099,1193,1195,1215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">E. ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FB54FB72FB74" box="[115,1208,1225,1245]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FB54FB72FB74" box="[115,1208,1225,1245]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Dentition</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FB7CFB72FB5C" box="[115,1208,1249,1269]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FB7CFF2EFB5C" box="[115,228,1249,1269]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">C1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFB7CFE70FB5C" box="[299,442,1249,1269]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FB7CFDA1FB5C" box="[470,619,1249,1269]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE17D960FE7DFB7CFE31FB5C" box="[489,507,1249,1269]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">c.</emphasis>
|
||
7.8/9.4
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FB7CFCDBFB5C" box="[643,785,1249,1269]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFB7CFC1DFB5C" box="[840,983,1249,1269]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFB7CFB72FB5C" box="[1017,1208,1249,1269]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">10/11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FB64FB72FAA4" box="[115,1208,1273,1293]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FB64FF2EFAA4" box="[115,228,1273,1293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">M1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFB64FE70FAA4" box="[299,442,1273,1293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">10.2/6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FB64FDA1FAA4" box="[470,619,1273,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">9.1/6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FB64FCDBFAA4" box="[643,785,1273,1293]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFB64FC1DFAA4" box="[840,983,1273,1293]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">10.2/7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFB64FB72FAA4" box="[1017,1208,1273,1293]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">11/7.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FA8CFB72FA8C" box="[115,1208,1297,1317]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FA8CFF2EFA8C" box="[115,228,1297,1317]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">M2</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFA8CFE70FA8C" box="[299,442,1297,1317]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">11.7/7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FA8CFDA1FA8C" box="[470,619,1297,1317]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">9.7/6.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FA8CFCDBFA8C" box="[643,785,1297,1317]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFA8CFC1DFA8C" box="[840,983,1297,1317]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">10.6/7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFA8CFB72FA8C" box="[1017,1208,1297,1317]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">12/7.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FAB4FB72FA94" box="[115,1208,1321,1341]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FAB4FF2EFA94" box="[115,228,1321,1341]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">M3</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFAB4FE70FA94" box="[299,442,1321,1341]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">11.3/6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FAB4FDA1FA94" box="[470,619,1321,1341]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">9.1/5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FAB4FCDBFA94" box="[643,785,1321,1341]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFAB4FC1DFA94" box="[840,983,1321,1341]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">10.2/6.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFAB4FB72FA94" box="[1017,1208,1321,1341]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">12.5/7.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FADFFB72FAFF" box="[115,1208,1346,1366]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FADFFF2EFAFF" box="[115,228,1346,1366]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">M4</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFADFFE70FAFF" box="[299,442,1346,1366]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">8.3/4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FADFFDA1FAFF" box="[470,619,1346,1366]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">7.4/4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FADFFCDBFAFF" box="[643,785,1346,1366]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFADFFC1DFAFF" box="[840,983,1346,1366]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFADFFB72FAFF" box="[1017,1208,1346,1366]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">8.5/6.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FAF8FB72FAD0" box="[115,1208,1381,1401]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FAF8FF2EFAD0" box="[115,228,1381,1401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L C1-OC</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFAF8FE70FAD0" box="[299,442,1381,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FAF8FDA1FAD0" box="[470,619,1381,1401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">115.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FAF8FCDBFAD0" box="[643,785,1381,1401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFAF8FC1DFAD0" box="[840,983,1381,1401]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFAF8FB72FAD0" box="[1017,1208,1381,1401]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">172</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FAE0FB72FA38" box="[115,1208,1405,1425]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FAE0FF2EFA38" box="[115,228,1405,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L C1-M4</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFAE0FE70FA38" box="[299,442,1405,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">65.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FAE0FDA1FA38" box="[470,619,1405,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">54.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FAE0FCDBFA38" box="[643,785,1405,1425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">68.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFAE0FC1DFA38" box="[840,983,1405,1425]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFAE0FB72FA38" box="[1017,1208,1405,1425]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">71</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FA08FB72FA00" box="[115,1208,1429,1449]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FA08FF2EFA00" box="[115,228,1429,1449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L Dias</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFA08FE70FA00" box="[299,442,1429,1449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">20.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FA08FDA1FA00" box="[470,619,1429,1449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">16.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FA08FCDBFA00" box="[643,785,1429,1449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">22.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFA08FC1DFA00" box="[840,983,1429,1449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">21</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFA08FB72FA00" box="[1017,1208,1429,1449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FA30FB72FA68" box="[115,1208,1453,1473]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FA30FF2EFA68" box="[115,228,1453,1473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">L M1-M4</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFA30FE70FA68" box="[299,442,1453,1473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">32.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FA30FDA1FA68" box="[470,619,1453,1473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">25.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FA30FCDBFA68" box="[643,785,1453,1473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">33.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFA30FC1DFA68" box="[840,983,1453,1473]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFA30FB72FA68" box="[1017,1208,1453,1473]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">38</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FA58FB72FA70" box="[115,1208,1477,1497]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FA58FF2EFA70" box="[115,228,1477,1497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W C1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFA58FE70FA70" box="[299,442,1477,1497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">47.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FA58FDA1FA70" box="[470,619,1477,1497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">46.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FA58FCDBFA70" box="[643,785,1477,1497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFA58FC1DFA70" box="[840,983,1477,1497]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFA58FB72FA70" box="[1017,1208,1477,1497]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FA40FB72FA58" box="[115,1208,1501,1521]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FA40FF2EFA58" box="[115,228,1501,1521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Dias</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFA40FE70FA58" box="[299,442,1501,1521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">30.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FA40FDA1FA58" box="[470,619,1501,1521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">28.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FA40FCDBFA58" box="[643,785,1501,1521]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">29.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFA40FC1DFA58" box="[840,983,1501,1521]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFA40FB72FA58" box="[1017,1208,1501,1521]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7FA68FB72F9A0" box="[115,1208,1525,1545]" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7FA68FF2EF9A0" box="[115,228,1525,1545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Mast</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFFA68FE70F9A0" box="[299,442,1525,1545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42FA68FDA1F9A0" box="[470,619,1525,1545]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">59.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17FA68FCDBF9A0" box="[643,785,1525,1545]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCFA68FC1DF9A0" box="[840,983,1525,1545]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DFA68FB72F9A0" box="[1017,1208,1525,1545]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7F993FB72F98B" box="[115,1208,1550,1570]" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7F993FF2EF98B" box="[115,228,1550,1570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W M3</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFF993FE70F98B" box="[299,442,1550,1570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42F993FDA1F98B" box="[470,619,1550,1570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">32.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17F993FCDBF98B" box="[643,785,1550,1570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCF993FC1DF98B" box="[840,983,1550,1570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DF993FB72F98B" box="[1017,1208,1550,1570]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7F9BBFB72F993" box="[115,1208,1574,1594]" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7F9BBFF2EF993" box="[115,228,1574,1594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Pal</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFF9BBFE70F993" box="[299,442,1574,1594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42F9BBFDA1F993" box="[470,619,1574,1594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">11.4 at M4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17F9BBFCDBF993" box="[643,785,1574,1594]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCF9BBFC1DF993" box="[840,983,1574,1594]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DF9BBFB72F993" box="[1017,1208,1574,1594]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7F9A0FB72F9FB" box="[115,1208,1597,1618]" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7F9A0FF2EF9FB" box="[115,228,1597,1618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Pal C1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFF9A0FE70F9FB" box="[299,442,1597,1618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42F9A0FDA1F9FB" box="[470,619,1597,1618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">25.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17F9A0FCDBF9FB" box="[643,785,1597,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCF9A0FC1DF9FB" box="[840,983,1597,1618]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DF9A0FB72F9FB" box="[1017,1208,1597,1618]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7F9CBFB72F9C3" box="[115,1208,1622,1642]" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7F9CBFF2EF9C3" box="[115,228,1622,1642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Postorbit</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFF9CBFE70F9C3" box="[299,442,1622,1642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42F9CBFDA1F9C3" box="[470,619,1622,1642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">35.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17F9CBFCDBF9C3" box="[643,785,1622,1642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">43.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCF9CBFC1DF9C3" box="[840,983,1622,1642]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DF9CBFB72F9C3" box="[1017,1208,1622,1642]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7F9F3FB72F92B" box="[115,1208,1646,1666]" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7F9F3FF2EF92B" box="[115,228,1646,1666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Preorbit</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFF9F3FE70F92B" box="[299,442,1646,1666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">43.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42F9F3FDA1F92B" box="[470,619,1646,1666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">41.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17F9F3FCDBF92B" box="[643,785,1646,1666]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">46.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCF9F3FC1DF92B" box="[840,983,1646,1666]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DF9F3FB72F92B" box="[1017,1208,1646,1666]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE172690FFE7F91BFB72F933" box="[115,1208,1670,1690]" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE172690FFE7F91BFF2EF933" box="[115,228,1670,1690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">W Temp</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FEBFF91BFE70F933" box="[299,442,1670,1690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FE42F91BFDA1F933" box="[470,619,1670,1690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">42.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FD17F91BFCDBF933" box="[643,785,1670,1690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FCDCF91BFC1DF933" box="[840,983,1670,1690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE172690FC6DF91BFB72F933" box="[1017,1208,1670,1690]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376649DE08D97FFFE5FF41FE14FE24" ID-Table-UUID="DF376649DE08D97FFFE5FF41FE14FE24" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF376649DE08D97FFFE5FF41FE14FE24" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" startId="16.[113,122,220,238]" targetBox="[115,1193,454,839]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE08D97FFFE5FF41FE14FE24" blockId="16.[113,1211,220,397]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
TABLE 2. — Mandible and lower tooth measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFDABFF41FCBFFF47" authority="Ameghino, 1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[575,885,220,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFDABFF41FD22FF47" box="[575,744,220,238]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFD79FF41FCBFFF47" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[749,885,220,238]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(measurements in mm). Abbreviations: dentition:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFF52FF6EFF11FEAC" bold="true" box="[198,219,243,261]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">c1</emphasis>
|
||
, transverse/mesiodistal diameters of caniniform (or its alveolus);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC96FF6EFC8BFEAC" bold="true" box="[770,833,243,261]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">m1-m3</emphasis>
|
||
, transverse/mesiodistal diameters of molari- form teeth (or their alveoli);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFECEFE97FE66FEB5" bold="true" box="[346,428,266,284]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">H Ramus</emphasis>
|
||
, maximal height of horizontal ramus at m3;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFCB6FE97FCA1FEB5" bold="true" box="[802,875,266,284]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L c1-m3</emphasis>
|
||
, length from the mesial margin of c1 to the distal margin of m3 (or anterior and posterior margins, respectively, of their alveoli);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFCD4FEBDFC64FE9B" bold="true" box="[832,942,288,306]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L Dias Mand</emphasis>
|
||
, length of mandibular diastema;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFFE5FEAAFF7EFEE0" bold="true" box="[113,180,311,329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L Mand</emphasis>
|
||
, maximal mandibular length from anterior margin of spout to posterior margin of mandibular condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFB96FEAAFB9BFEE0" bold="true" box="[1026,1105,311,329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L m1-m3</emphasis>
|
||
, length from the mesial margin of m1 to distal margin of m3 (or anterior and posterior margins, respectively, of their alveoli);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFB97FED3FB82FEF6" bold="true" box="[1027,1096,333,352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L Spout</emphasis>
|
||
, length of the spout from anterior to posterior margins of mandibular symphysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFD0DFEF9FD6EFEDF" bold="true" box="[665,676,356,374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L</emphasis>
|
||
, left;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFD45FEF9FD14FEDF" bold="true" box="[721,734,356,374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">R</emphasis>
|
||
, right; *, measurements from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFC46FEF9FBA8FEDF" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[978,1122,356,374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; specimen not formally assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFEABFEE6FE46FE24" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[319,396,379,397]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFEABFEE6FE80FE24" box="[319,330,379,397]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFEC1FEE6FE46FE24" box="[341,396,379,397]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE08D97FFCBDFE5BFB86FCEE" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<table id="F948C461DE082690FFE7FE5BFB63FCEE" box="[115,1193,454,839]" gridcols="5" gridrows="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FE5BFB63FE72" box="[115,1193,454,475]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFE5BFC72FE72" box="[809,952,454,475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFCBDFE5BFC72FE72" bold="true" box="[809,952,454,475]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">MACN A-4641</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFE5BFB63FE72" box="[1007,1193,454,475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC7BFE5AFB63FE72" bold="true" box="[1007,1193,455,475]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Without catalogue</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FE7DFB63FE5D" box="[115,1193,480,500]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FE7DFF21FE5D" box="[115,235,480,500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFFE7FE7DFF11FE5D" bold="true" box="[115,219,480,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Catalogue</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FE7DFDCBFE5D" box="[371,513,480,500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFEE7FE7DFDCBFE5D" bold="true" box="[371,513,480,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">MPM-PV 3401</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFE7DFC72FE5D" box="[809,952,480,500]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFCDEFE7DFC5CFE5D" bold="true" box="[842,918,480,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">(type of</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFE7DFB63FE5D" box="[1007,1193,480,500]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC6FFE7DFB51FE5D" bold="true" box="[1019,1179,480,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">number (type of</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FE67FB63FDA7" box="[115,1193,506,526]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FE67FF21FDA7" box="[115,235,506,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFFE7FE67FF0BFDA7" bold="true" box="[115,193,506,526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">number</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FE67FDCBFDA7" box="[371,513,506,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFE1FFE67FE20FDA7" bold="true" box="[395,490,506,526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">(neotype)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFE67FD17FDA7" box="[590,733,506,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFDDAFE67FD17FDA7" bold="true" box="[590,733,506,526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">FMNH P13125</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFE67FC72FDA7" box="[809,952,506,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFCA0FE67FC67FDA7" bold="true" box="[820,941,506,526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFCA0FE67FC6DFDA7" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[820,935,506,526]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="externus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFCA0FE67FC6DFDA7" bold="true" box="[820,935,506,526]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">E. externus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFE67FB63FDA7" box="[1007,1193,506,526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFB81FE67FB48FDA7" bold="true" box="[1045,1154,506,526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFB81FE67FBB9FDA7" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1045,1139,506,526]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFB81FE67FBB9FDA7" bold="true" box="[1045,1139,506,526]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">E. ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FD80FB63FD98" box="[115,1193,541,561]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FD80FB63FD98" box="[115,1193,541,561]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Dentition</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FDA8FB63FDE0" box="[115,1193,565,585]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FDA8FF21FDE0" box="[115,235,565,585]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">c1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FDA8FDCBFDE0" box="[371,513,565,585]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">9.2/9.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFDA8FD17FDE0" box="[590,733,565,585]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">7.2/8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFDA8FC72FDE0" box="[809,952,565,585]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">8.2/8.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFDA8FB63FDE0" box="[1007,1193,565,585]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–/11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FDD0FB63FDC8" box="[115,1193,589,609]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FDD0FF21FDC8" box="[115,235,589,609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">m1</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FDD0FDCBFDC8" box="[371,513,589,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">12.0/7.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFDD0FD17FDC8" box="[590,733,589,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">11.9/8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFDD0FC72FDC8" box="[809,952,589,609]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">10.1/7.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFDD0FB63FDC8" box="[1007,1193,589,609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FDF8FB63FDD0" box="[115,1193,613,633]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FDF8FF21FDD0" box="[115,235,613,633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">m2</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FDF8FDCBFDD0" box="[371,513,613,633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">11.8/7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFDF8FD17FDD0" box="[590,733,613,633]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">12.3/8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFDF8FC72FDD0" box="[809,952,613,633]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">10.6/7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFDF8FB63FDD0" box="[1007,1193,613,633]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FDE3FB63FD3B" box="[115,1193,638,658]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FDE3FF21FD3B" box="[115,235,638,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">m3</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FDE3FDCBFD3B" box="[371,513,638,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">R 10.4/10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFDE3FD17FD3B" box="[590,733,638,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">10.2/9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFDE3FC72FD3B" box="[809,952,638,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">9.6/8.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFDE3FB63FD3B" box="[1007,1193,638,658]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FD0AFB63FD02" box="[115,1193,663,683]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FD0AFB63FD02" box="[115,1193,663,683]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L 10.4/10.5</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FD26FB63FD66" box="[115,1193,699,719]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FD26FF21FD66" box="[115,235,699,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">H Ramus</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FD26FDCBFD66" box="[371,513,699,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">36.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFD26FD17FD66" box="[590,733,699,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFD26FC72FD66" box="[809,952,699,719]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">31.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFD26FB63FD66" box="[1007,1193,699,719]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FD4EFB63FD4E" box="[115,1193,723,743]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FD4EFF21FD4E" box="[115,235,723,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L c1-m3</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FD4EFDCBFD4E" box="[371,513,723,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">46.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFD4EFC72FD4E" box="[809,952,723,743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">47.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFD4EFB63FD4E" box="[1007,1193,723,743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">55</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FD76FB63FD56" box="[115,1193,747,767]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FD76FF21FD56" box="[115,235,747,767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L Dias Mand</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FD76FDCBFD56" box="[371,513,747,767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">9.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFD76FD17FD56" box="[590,733,747,767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">7.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFD76FC72FD56" box="[809,952,747,767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFD76FB63FD56" box="[1007,1193,747,767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FC9EFB63FCBE" box="[115,1193,771,791]" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FC9EFF21FCBE" box="[115,235,771,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L Mand</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FC9EFDCBFCBE" box="[371,513,771,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">140.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFC9EFD17FCBE" box="[590,733,771,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFC9EFC72FCBE" box="[809,952,771,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFC9EFB63FCBE" box="[1007,1193,771,791]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FC86FB63FC86" box="[115,1193,795,815]" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FC86FF21FC86" box="[115,235,795,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L m1-m3</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FC86FDCBFC86" box="[371,513,795,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">28.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFC86FD17FC86" box="[590,733,795,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">29.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFC86FC72FC86" box="[809,952,795,815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">27.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFC86FB63FC86" box="[1007,1193,795,815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35783483DE082690FFE7FCAEFB63FCEE" box="[115,1193,819,839]" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<th id="76A95DFFDE082690FFE7FCAEFF21FCEE" box="[115,235,819,839]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">L Spout</th>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FEE7FCAEFDCBFCEE" box="[371,513,819,839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">33.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FDDAFCAEFD17FCEE" box="[590,733,819,839]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FCBDFCAEFC72FCEE" box="[809,952,819,839]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76A95DFFDE082690FC7BFCAEFB63FCEE" box="[1007,1193,819,839]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE08D97FFFE5FB33FBEFFB21" blockId="16.[111,647,1198,1700]" lastBlockId="16.[675,1212,913,1160]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFFE5FB33FDC0FB61" bold="true" box="[113,522,1198,1224]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">The anterior margins of the maxillae of</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFD9BFB33FF67FB4E" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFD9BFB33FF67FB4E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which the premaxillae articulate, describe a widely open V, with nearly rectilinear edges. A small and delicate triangular flange, barely detectable in some specimens and variable in size between left and right sides, is present in some specimens. A similar morphology occurs in a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFD84FAF0FDADFA2F" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[528,615,1389,1414]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFD84FAF0FDADFA2F" box="[528,615,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFF61FA11FE58FA0F" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[245,402,1420,1446]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="5 - 28" refId="ref30447" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2011. - On the osteology of the auditory region and orbital wall in the extinct West Indian sloth genus Neocnus Arredondo, 1961 (Placentalia, Xenarthra, Megalonychidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 80 (1): 5 - 28." type="journal article" year="2011">Gaudin (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 21C). Typically in sloths, the anterior margin of the maxilla bears lateral and medial palatal processes that extend anteriorly in contacting the premaxillae. The medial process is triangular and fits between the lateral and medial rami of the premaxilla. In considering the extent of the lateral and medial palatal processes of the maxilla,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFF0BF9F4FEF7F92D" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[159,317,1641,1668]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: ch. 111) scored
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFE65F9F4FDA1F92A" authorityName="INGENS AMEGHINO" authorityYear="1887" box="[497,619,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFE65F9F4FDA1F92A" box="[497,619,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Eucholoeops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having a shorter medial than lateral margin. While technically and probably phylogenetically accurate, this does not capture the form in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFC6BFC2CFB91FC63" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1023,1115,945,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC6BFC2CFBC5FC63" box="[1023,1039,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFB88FC2CFB91FC63" box="[1052,1115,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a lateral process is nonexistent (the maxilla ends with the wall of the alveolus of C1, as noted above), and the medial is barely, if at all, present. Nonetheless, the latter does fit between the lateral and medial premaxillary rami and so is homologous with the medial palatal flange of the maxilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE08D97FFD31FB33FB9FF90A" blockId="16.[674,1212,1198,1699]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFD31FB33FC60FB61" bold="true" box="[677,938,1198,1224]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">The lateral rostral wall</emphasis>
|
||
between C1 and M1 is strongly concave ventrally, forming a deep antorbital or buccinator fossa in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFC18FB70FB86FAAE" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[908,1100,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC18FB70FB86FAAE" box="[908,1100,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dorsally, however, the rostral wall bulges laterally, forming a “roof” over the fossa, so that the preorbital constriction (measured dorsally) is wider than the postorbital constriction. This resembles the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFD67FA11FCA8FA0F" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[755,866,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFD67FA11FCA8FA0F" box="[755,866,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFC52FA11FBECFA0F" box="[966,1062,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC52FA11FBECFA0F" box="[966,1062,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the bulge is much less prominent, so that the preorbital constriction is narrower than the postorbital. In other megalonychids the preorbital constriction is narrower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFCBDF996FCB5F98D" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[809,895,1547,1572]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFCBDF996FCB5F98D" box="[809,895,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFC20F996FBDAF98D" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[948,1040,1547,1572]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC20F996FBDAF98D" box="[948,1040,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, about equal to the postorbital constriction in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFC49F9B7FCD4F9CD" authority="(Taboada et al. 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Taboada" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC49F9B7FB98F9ED" box="[989,1106,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFBCAF9B7FCDDF9CD" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." pageId="16" pageNumber="225" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFD37F9D6FD1FF9CD" box="[675,725,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and wider in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFC22F9D7FB72F9CC" authority="(Leidy 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[950,1208,1610,1637]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC22F9D7FBEFF9CD" box="[950,1061,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFBA6F9D7FB7AF9CC" author="LEIDY J." box="[1074,1200,1610,1637]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref30937" refString="LEIDY J. 1855. - A memoir on the extinct sloth tribe of North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 7: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1855">Leidy 1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE08D97FFD41F9F4FC9AF92A" authorityName="Cartelle, De Iuliis & Pujos" authorityYear="2008" box="[725,848,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFD41F9F4FC9AF92A" box="[725,848,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the rostrum is also extremely shortened (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE08D97FFCE1F914FB83F90A" author="CARTELLE C. & DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F." box="[885,1097,1673,1699]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="335 - 346" refId="ref29575" refString="CARTELLE C., DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F. 2008. - A new species of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Quaternary of Poco Azul (Bahia, Brazil). Comptes Rendus Palevol 7: 335 - 346." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cartelle
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE08D97FFC47F917FBCCF90A" box="[979,1030,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE09D97EFFE5FF45FDDAFD27" blockId="17.[112,649,216,654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFFE5FF45FF32FF5B" bold="true" box="[113,248,216,242]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">The lacrimal</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE8DFF45FE1DFF5B" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[281,471,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE8DFF45FE1DFF5B" box="[281,471,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lies dorsal to the more anterior molariforms and extends anterior to the mesial margin of M
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE09D97EFEF0FE8AFE4DFE98" box="[356,391,279,305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE19FE85FE2DFE98" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[397,487,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE19FE85FE57FE98" box="[397,413,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE3DFE85FE2DFE98" box="[425,487,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE67FE8AFD4AFE98" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[499,640,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE67FE8AFD4AFE98" box="[499,640,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFF34FEAAFEC2FEF8" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[160,264,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF34FEAAFEC2FEF8" box="[160,264,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFEF1FEAAFE0FFEF8" box="[357,453,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFEF1FEAAFE0FFEF8" box="[357,453,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE7BFEAAFD94FEF8" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[495,606,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE7BFEAAFD94FEF8" box="[495,606,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the lacrimal lies almost entirely anterior to M1. The position of the lacrimal foramen, naturally, reflects this position, lying above the mesial margin of M
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE09D97EFDEFFE0BFF4DFE66" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFF05FE2BFF3EFE66" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[145,244,438,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF05FE2BFF6BFE66" box="[145,161,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF26FE2BFF3EFE66" box="[178,244,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE91FE28FEBBFE66" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[261,369,437,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE91FE28FEBBFE66" box="[261,369,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE17FE2BFE16FE66" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[387,476,438,463]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE17FE2BFE16FE66" box="[387,476,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE79FE2BFD86FE66" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[493,588,438,463]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE79FE2BFD86FE66" box="[493,588,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFFE7FE48FEC9FE46" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[115,259,469,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFFE7FE48FEC9FE46" box="[115,259,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, well anterior to M
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE09D97EFE76FE48FDC0FE46" box="[482,522,469,495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD87FE4BFD48FE59" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[531,642,470,496]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD87FE4BFD48FE59" box="[531,642,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFFE5FE68FF14FDA6" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[113,222,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFFE5FE68FF14FDA6" box="[113,222,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE83FE68FE5AFDA6" authorityName="Cartelle, De Iuliis & Pujos" authorityYear="2008" box="[279,400,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE83FE68FE5AFDA6" box="[279,400,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and approximately between M1 and M
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE09D97EFEBFFD88FE9EFD86" box="[299,340,533,559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFECDFD88FE73FD86" box="[345,441,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFECDFD88FE73FD86" box="[345,441,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The relative size of the foramen is similar in all taxa except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD81FDA9FDB7FDE7" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[533,637,564,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD81FDA9FDB7FDE7" box="[533,637,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which it is smaller. The posterior surface of the lacrimal is deeply concave in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE38FDE9FDC3FD24" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[428,521,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE38FDE9FE76FD24" box="[428,444,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE5DFDE9FDC3FD24" box="[457,521,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE09D97EFFE5FD2EFEACFB83" blockId="17.[111,649,691,1066]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFFE5FD2EFEA4FD64" bold="true" box="[113,366,691,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">The postorbital process</emphasis>
|
||
of the frontal lies dorsal to M
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE09D97EFF19FD4EFF7FFD44" box="[141,181,723,749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFF2FFD4EFEB1FD45" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[187,379,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF2FFD4EFEB1FD45" box="[187,379,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, approximately as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFDC9FD4EFF28FCA5" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFDC9FD4EFF28FCA5" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE82FD6FFEB4FCA5" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[278,382,754,780]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE82FD6FFEB4FCA5" box="[278,382,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A small foramen for the frontal diploic vein lies just anterior to the process (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFF35FCAFFEB6FCE5" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[161,380,818,844]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE92FCAFFEF0FCE5" box="[262,314,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The process lies farther posteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE9BFCCCFEBBFCC2" box="[271,369,849,875]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE9BFCCCFEBBFCC2" box="[271,369,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, approximately dorsal to M4, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE83FCECFE49FC22" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[279,387,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE83FCECFE49FC22" box="[279,387,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it lies above M1 and M2. The process of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE9FFC0FFEA3FC02" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[267,361,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE9FFC0FFED1FC02" box="[267,283,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFEBDFC0FFEA3FC02" box="[297,361,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly better developed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFF5CFC2DFEE2FC63" box="[200,296,944,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF5CFC2DFEE2FC63" box="[200,296,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but much less prominent than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFF04FC4DFF32FC43" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[144,248,976,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF04FC4DFF32FC43" box="[144,248,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFEA5FC4DFE6AFC43" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[305,416,976,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFEA5FC4DFE6AFC43" box="[305,416,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The region between the postorbital process and the lacrimal is more elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFF6BFB92FE95FB80" box="[255,351,1039,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF6BFB92FE95FB80" box="[255,351,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE09D97EFFE5FBD2FC46FD27" blockId="17.[111,648,1103,1700]" lastBlockId="17.[675,1211,216,654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFFE5FBD2FE88FBC0" bold="true" box="[113,322,1103,1129]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">The temporal lines</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFEFCFBD2FDE0FBC0" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[360,554,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFEFCFBD2FDE0FBC0" box="[360,554,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MPM- PV 3401,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE09D97EFF49FBF3FEE4FB20" box="[221,302,1134,1161]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[247,1076,215,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-25@8.[243,1079,214,1628]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimen MPM-PV 3401 (neotype): A-C, skull in left lateral (A), ventral (B), and dorsal (C) views; D, E, premaxillae in ventral (D) and lateral (E) (anterior towards left) views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538399/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) curve posteromedially, meeting just anterior to the frontoparietal suture to form a small sagittal crest that extends posteriorly to the occiput. The crest is similar in MPM-PV 3403 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFFE8FB73FF3CFAAE" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[124,246,1261,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fronto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFFE8FB73FF46FAAE" box="[124,140,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">E</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF2DFB70FF3CFAAE" box="[185,246,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">fronto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but not as raised in MPM-PV 3451 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE09D97EFFECFA90FF19FA8E" box="[120,211,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,123,1589,1607]" captionTargetBox="[131,1198,216,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-162@10.[119,1215,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3.— Skull of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887 MPM-PV 3451 in left lateral (A, B), ventral (C), and dorsal (D) views (anterior towards left).Abbreviations:bf, buccinator fossa;bo, basioccipital;C1, caniniform tooth;eam, external auditory meatus;foo, foramen ovale;fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla;fr, frontal;frpas, frontoparietal suture;la, lacrimal; laf, lacrimal foramen; M1-M4, upper molariform teeth;max, maxilla;maxfrs, maxillofrontal suture;mcr, median crest; na, nasal; nafrs, nasofrontal suture; nucr, nuchal crest;oc, occipital condyle;pa, parietal;pt, pterygoid;sacr, sagittal crest;so, supraoccipital;sq, squamosal;sqpas, squamosoparietal suture.Scale bar:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538401/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is variation in the form of the temporal lines and sagittal crest in
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE74FAB0FD82FAEE" box="[480,584,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE74FAB0FD8EFAEE" box="[480,580,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hapalops</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Some species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE8FFAD0FE53FACF" box="[283,409,1356,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE8FFAD0FEFAFACF" box="[283,304,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFEABFAD1FE53FACF" box="[319,409,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFE33FAD1FDE8FACF" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[423,546,1356,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 17a) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFF34FAF0FED5FA2F" authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1904" box="[160,287,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF34FAF0FF7FFA2F" box="[160,181,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFF57FAF1FED5FA2F" box="[195,287,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">vulpiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFEB8FAF1FE6DFA2F" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[300,423,1388,1414]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 44:1), follow the pattern just described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE04FA11FE3AFA0C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[400,496,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE04FA11FE6AFA0C" box="[400,416,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE24FA11FE3AFA0C" box="[432,496,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in other species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFEDBFA31FDCBFA6C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[335,513,1451,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachycephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFEDBFA31FEA8FA6C" box="[335,354,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFEF9FA36FDCBFA6C" box="[365,513,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFD99FA36FD49FA6C" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[525,643,1451,1477]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 36:2) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFE95FA51FE50FA4C" box="[257,410,1484,1510]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruetimeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFE95FA51FEDCFA4C" box="[257,278,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFEB2FA51FE50FA4C" box="[294,410,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">ruetimeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFE3CFA56FDE8FA4C" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[424,546,1483,1509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 17b; 1904: pl. 38:4), the temporal lines similarly converge, but do not meet to form a sagittal crest; they pass instead on either side of the midsagittal plane over the frontals, diverge as they extend onto the parietals and then converge again over the posterior part of the parietals.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFED5F914FDCBF90A" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[321,513,1673,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFED5F914FDCBF90A" box="[321,513,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Hapalops elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFD98F914FD49F90A" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[524,643,1673,1699]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 38: 1, 2, 5) exhibits both patterns.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFBD2FF45FCAAFEBB" author="CARTELLE C. & BOHORQUEZ G. A." pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="45 - 63" refId="ref29421" refString="CARTELLE C. & BOHORQUEZ G. A. 1982. - Eremotherium laurillardi Lund, 1842. Parte I. Determinacao especifica e dimorfismo sexual. Iheringia Series Geologica 7: 45 - 63." type="journal article" year="1982">Cartelle & Bohórquez (1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFC2EFF65FB9AFEBB" author="DE IULIIS G." box="[954,1104,247,274]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" refId="ref29698" refString="DE IULIIS G. 1996. - A Systematic Review of the Megatheriinae (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae). Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 781 p." type="book" year="1996">De Iuliis 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) observed similar intraspecific variation in the megatheriid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD32FEAAFB9BFEF8" authority="(Lund, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[678,1105,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Eremotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurillardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD32FEAAFC7BFEF8" box="[678,945,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Eremotherium laurillardi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFC56FEAAFB83FEF8" author="LUND P. M." box="[962,1097,311,337]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="137 - 208" refId="ref31068" refString="LUND P. M. 1842. - Blik paa Brasiliens Dyreverden for Sidste Jordomvaeltning. Tredie Afhandling: Forsaettelse af Pattedyrene. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Naturvidenskabeligeog Mathematiske Afhandlinger 9: 137 - 208." type="journal article" year="1842">Lund, 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and suggested that the states reflected sexual dimorphism. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD52FEEAFCF2FE38" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[710,824,375,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD52FEEAFCF2FE38" box="[710,824,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the temporal lines converge more markedly, meeting well in advance of the frontoparietal suture to form a prominent sagittal crest. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD31FE48FCFFFE46" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[677,821,469,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD31FE48FCFFFE46" box="[677,821,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the lines are not prominent and do not approach each other closely. In contrast, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD57FD88FCE6FD86" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[707,812,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD57FD88FCE6FD86" box="[707,812,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are prominent and converge gradually; they may remain relatively far apart, though some specimens possess a short, distinct sagittal crest on the parietals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE09D97CFD31FD2EFE9AFCC5" blockId="17.[674,1211,691,1700]" lastBlockId="19.[111,648,216,876]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD31FD2EFCDFFD64" bold="true" box="[677,789,691,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">The nasals</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFCAEFD2EFC3DFD64" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[826,1015,691,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFCAEFD2EFC3DFD64" box="[826,1015,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are broad posteriorly, narrow approximately at midlength and then widened again. This pattern seems typical for the other megalonychid sloths considered here (though not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD45FCAFFC8DFCE5" box="[721,839,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD45FCAFFC8DFCE5" box="[721,839,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the nasals are narrowed posteriorly) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFCD8FCCCFC62FCC2" box="[844,936,849,875]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFCD8FCCCFC62FCC2" box="[844,936,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFC4CFCCCFBA9FCC2" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[984,1123,849,875]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFC4CFCCCFBA9FCC2" box="[984,1123,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD36FCECFC3CFC25" authority="Hoffstetter, 1954" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[674,1014,881,908]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD36FCECFCFFFC22" box="[674,821,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
Hoffstetter, 1954
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which they are nearly of the same width throughout their length, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD40FC2DFBD0FC62" authority="Lydekker, 1889" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[724,1050,944,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD40FC2DFCA1FC63" box="[724,875,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Nothrotherium</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which they are slightly wider posteriorly)(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFC6DFC4DFD11FBA3" author="CARTELLE C. & FONSECA J. S." pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="127 - 181" refId="ref29457" refString="CARTELLE C. & FONSECA J. S. 1983. - Contribuicao ao melhor conhecimento da pequena preguica terricola Nothrotherium maquinense (Lund), Lydekker, 1889. Lundiana (2): 127 - 181." type="journal article" year="1983">Cartelle& Fonseca 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFD71FC6DFC78FBA3" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[741,946,1008,1034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFCD7FC6CFCBEFBA3" box="[835,884,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFC28FC6DFBFAFBA3" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[956,1072,1008,1034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFBAEFC6DFBB9FBA3" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[1082,1139,1008,1034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFBE9FC6DFD14FB83" author="STOCK C." pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFD73FB92FC7DFB83" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[743,951,1039,1066]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFCD1FB8DFCBDFB80" box="[837,887,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although the nasals are generally broken anteriorly, in specimens with reasonably well-preserved nasals, these bones extend about as far forward as or slightly beyond the maxillae (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD6AFB12FC9BFB01" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[766,849,1167,1192]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD6AFB12FC9BFB01" box="[766,849,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFCC8FB12FC7EFB01" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[860,948,1167,1192]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFCC8FB12FC7EFB01" box="[860,948,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFC54FB13FBFEFB01" box="[960,1076,1166,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFC54FB13FBFEFB01" box="[960,1076,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFBF5FB13FCF4FB61" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." pageId="17" pageNumber="226" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD31FB32FD1DFB61" box="[677,727,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007: 40
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 41) and their anterior margins may be nearly straight and transversely oriented (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFBF4FB53FB78FB4E" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[1120,1202,1230,1255]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFBF4FB53FB78FB4E" box="[1120,1202,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD31FB70FCD2FAAE" box="[677,792,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD31FB70FCD2FAAE" box="[677,792,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), slightly convex anteriorly (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFBA3FB73FB45FAAE" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[1079,1167,1262,1287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFBA3FB73FB45FAAE" box="[1079,1167,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or concave anteriorly (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFCE1FA90FC28FA8E" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[885,994,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFCE1FA90FC28FA8E" box="[885,994,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFBB6FA90FCCDFAEE" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." pageId="17" pageNumber="226" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFB12FA93FB70FA8E" box="[1158,1210,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007: 40
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 41;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFCAFFAB0FC13FAEF" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[827,985,1324,1351]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 40). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFBC2FAB0FB79FAEE" box="[1110,1203,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFBC2FAB0FB79FAEE" box="[1110,1203,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFD31FAD1FCE4FACF" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[677,814,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFD31FAD1FCE4FACF" box="[677,814,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFCADFAD1FC00FACF" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[825,970,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFCADFAD1FC00FACF" box="[825,970,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFB94FAD1FB5FFACF" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[1024,1173,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFB94FAD1FB5FFACF" box="[1024,1173,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Nothrotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the anterior margin bears a V-shaped notch between lateral and medial laminae (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFC33FA11FB79FA0F" author="CARTELLE C. & FONSECA J. S." box="[935,1203,1420,1446]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="127 - 181" refId="ref29457" refString="CARTELLE C. & FONSECA J. S. 1983. - Contribuicao ao melhor conhecimento da pequena preguica terricola Nothrotherium maquinense (Lund), Lydekker, 1889. Lundiana (2): 127 - 181." type="journal article" year="1983">Cartelle & Fonseca 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFD31FA31FCBFFA6C" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[677,885,1451,1478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFC91FA31FCFCFA6C" box="[773,822,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFC14FA36FC3FFA6C" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[896,1013,1451,1477]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE09D97EFC6BFA36FBB0FA6F" author="STOCK C." box="[1023,1146,1451,1478]" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This condition differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE09D97EFC41FA51FBE7FA4C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[981,1069,1484,1510]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="17" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFC41FA51FC2EFA4C" box="[981,996,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE09D97EFC64FA51FBE7FA4C" box="[1008,1069,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the nasals are well preserved in MPM-PV 3451 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE09D97EFBFBFA76FB61F9AC" box="[1135,1195,1515,1541]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,123,1589,1607]" captionTargetBox="[131,1198,216,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-162@10.[119,1215,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3.— Skull of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887 MPM-PV 3451 in left lateral (A, B), ventral (C), and dorsal (D) views (anterior towards left).Abbreviations:bf, buccinator fossa;bo, basioccipital;C1, caniniform tooth;eam, external auditory meatus;foo, foramen ovale;fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla;fr, frontal;frpas, frontoparietal suture;la, lacrimal; laf, lacrimal foramen; M1-M4, upper molariform teeth;max, maxilla;maxfrs, maxillofrontal suture;mcr, median crest; na, nasal; nafrs, nasofrontal suture; nucr, nuchal crest;oc, occipital condyle;pa, parietal;pt, pterygoid;sacr, sagittal crest;so, supraoccipital;sq, squamosal;sqpas, squamosoparietal suture.Scale bar:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538401/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
): the nasals extend well beyond and overhang the maxillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE09D97EFD48F9B7FC82F9EC" box="[732,840,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,123,1589,1607]" captionTargetBox="[131,1198,216,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-162@10.[119,1215,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3.— Skull of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887 MPM-PV 3451 in left lateral (A, B), ventral (C), and dorsal (D) views (anterior towards left).Abbreviations:bf, buccinator fossa;bo, basioccipital;C1, caniniform tooth;eam, external auditory meatus;foo, foramen ovale;fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla;fr, frontal;frpas, frontoparietal suture;la, lacrimal; laf, lacrimal foramen; M1-M4, upper molariform teeth;max, maxilla;maxfrs, maxillofrontal suture;mcr, median crest; na, nasal; nafrs, nasofrontal suture; nucr, nuchal crest;oc, occipital condyle;pa, parietal;pt, pterygoid;sacr, sagittal crest;so, supraoccipital;sq, squamosal;sqpas, squamosoparietal suture.Scale bar:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538401/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the medial half of the anterior margin is nearly straight and transversely oriented and the lateral half extends posterolaterally, so that overall the margin is, in dorsal view,convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE09D97EFBC9F914FB67F90A" box="[1117,1197,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,123,1589,1607]" captionTargetBox="[131,1198,216,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-162@10.[119,1215,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3.— Skull of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887 MPM-PV 3451 in left lateral (A, B), ventral (C), and dorsal (D) views (anterior towards left).Abbreviations:bf, buccinator fossa;bo, basioccipital;C1, caniniform tooth;eam, external auditory meatus;foo, foramen ovale;fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla;fr, frontal;frpas, frontoparietal suture;la, lacrimal; laf, lacrimal foramen; M1-M4, upper molariform teeth;max, maxilla;maxfrs, maxillofrontal suture;mcr, median crest; na, nasal; nafrs, nasofrontal suture; nucr, nuchal crest;oc, occipital condyle;pa, parietal;pt, pterygoid;sacr, sagittal crest;so, supraoccipital;sq, squamosal;sqpas, squamosoparietal suture.Scale bar:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538401/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="226">Fig.3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFFE5FF45FE3BFF5B" bold="true" box="[113,497,216,242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">The strongly developed nuchal crests</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFD84FF45FF78FEB8" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD84FF45FF78FEB8" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overhang the occiput, resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFDADFF65FF54FE98" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFDADFF65FF54FE98" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the crests are not as well developed in the latter. In contrast, the occiput of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFD8BFEAAFDB5FEF8" box="[543,639,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD8BFEAAFDB5FEF8" box="[543,639,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFFE5FECBFECBFED9" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[113,257,342,368]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFFE5FECBFECBFED9" box="[113,257,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFEABFECBFE6DFED9" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[319,423,342,368]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFEABFECBFE6DFED9" box="[319,423,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely exposed in dorsal view. The supraoccipital of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFE73FEEBFD8DFE39" box="[487,583,374,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE73FEEBFD8DFE39" box="[487,583,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears a well-developed median crest, more so than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFF05FE2BFF38FE66" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[145,242,438,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFF05FE2BFF6BFE66" box="[145,161,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFF25FE2BFF38FE66" box="[177,242,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The occipital condyles of the latter are relatively larger and project more prominently than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFF5EFE68FEE1FDA6" box="[202,299,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFF5EFE68FEE1FDA6" box="[202,299,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFEA8FE68FE04FDA6" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[316,462,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFEA8FE68FE04FDA6" box="[316,462,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFE4AFE68FD84FDA6" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[478,590,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE4AFE68FD84FDA6" box="[478,590,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFFE7FD88FF15FD86" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[115,223,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFFE7FD88FF15FD86" box="[115,223,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The basioccipital, and thus the condyles, lie at approximately the same level as the alveolar margins (i.e. the palate) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFE79FDC8FD82FDC7" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[493,584,597,623]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE79FDC8FE37FDC7" box="[493,509,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD9CFDC8FD82FDC7" box="[520,584,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFFE5FDE9FF1BFD27" box="[113,209,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFFE5FDE9FF1BFD27" box="[113,209,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFE9FFDE9FEB9FD27" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[267,371,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE9FFDE9FEB9FD27" box="[267,371,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but lie more dorsally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFFE5FD0EFF37FD04" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[113,253,659,685]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFFE5FD0EFF37FD04" box="[113,253,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFEB9FD09FE52FD07" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[301,408,660,686]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFEB9FD09FE52FD07" box="[301,408,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The occipital condyles extend considerably ventral to the external auditory meatus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFF49FD4EFEF1FD45" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[221,315,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFF49FD4EFF27FD45" box="[221,237,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFF6FFD4EFEF1FD45" box="[251,315,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but slightly less so in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFDB2FD4EFD4CFD44" box="[550,646,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFDB2FD4EFD4CFD44" box="[550,646,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFF31FD6FFEF6FCA5" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[165,316,754,780]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFF31FD6FFEF6FCA5" box="[165,316,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are directly posterior to the meatus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFE87FC8FFEB6FC85" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[275,380,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE87FC8FFEB6FC85" box="[275,380,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFE23FC8FFDEDFC85" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[439,551,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE23FC8FFDEDFC85" box="[439,551,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A more detailed analysis of the basicranium and auditory region is in progress.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376649DE0AD97DFFE5F9D1FB71F90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="227" startId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" targetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0AD97DFFE5F9D1FB71F90B" blockId="18.[113,1211,1611,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">
|
||
FIG. 6. — Dentaries of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0AD97DFEBBF9D1FDA0F9F7" authority="Ameghino, 1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[303,618,1612,1630]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFEBBF9D1FE13F9F7" box="[303,473,1612,1630]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0AD97DFE4BF9D1FDA0F9F7" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[479,618,1612,1630]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MPM-PV 3401:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFD6DF9D1FCCCF9F7" bold="true" box="[761,774,1612,1630]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFC85F9D1FCD4F9F7" bold="true" box="[785,798,1612,1630]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">B</emphasis>
|
||
, neotype;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFCECF9D6FC52F9F7" bold="true" box="[888,920,1611,1630]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">C -F</emphasis>
|
||
, FMNH P13125;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFBBFF9D1FBF2F9F7" bold="true" box="[1067,1080,1612,1630]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFBD7F9D6FB9BF9F4" bold="true" box="[1091,1105,1611,1629]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFBC8F9D1FBA0F9F7" bold="true" box="[1116,1130,1612,1630]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">D</emphasis>
|
||
, occlusal views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFF3EF9FFFF7DF9DD" bold="true" box="[170,183,1634,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFF55F9FFFF07F9DD" bold="true" box="[193,205,1634,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFF43F9FFFF28F9DD" bold="true" box="[215,226,1634,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">F</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral views. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFE4DF9FFFE30F9DD" bold="true" box="[473,506,1634,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">anp</emphasis>
|
||
, angular process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFD07F9FFFD62F9DD" bold="true" box="[659,680,1634,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">c1</emphasis>
|
||
, lower caniniform tooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFCE2F9FFFC64F9DD" bold="true" box="[886,942,1634,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">condp</emphasis>
|
||
, condyloid process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFBCEF9FFFB49F9DD" bold="true" box="[1114,1155,1634,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">corp</emphasis>
|
||
, coro- noid process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFF7CF9E4FEDFF922" bold="true" box="[232,277,1657,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">emef</emphasis>
|
||
, external mental foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFE60F9E4FDDDF922" bold="true" box="[500,535,1657,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">hrm</emphasis>
|
||
, horizontal ramus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFD23F9E4FD14F922" bold="true" box="[695,734,1657,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">ifmc</emphasis>
|
||
, internal foramen of the mandibular canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFBD0F9E4FB48F922" bold="true" box="[1092,1154,1657,1675]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">m1-m3</emphasis>
|
||
, lower molariform teeth;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFE90F90DFEFAF90B" bold="true" box="[260,304,1680,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">pc1d</emphasis>
|
||
, pre-c1 depression;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFE4FF90DFDD2F90B" bold="true" box="[475,536,1680,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">peomc</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0AD97DFC5AF90DFC25F90B" bold="true" box="[974,1007,1680,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="227">spo</emphasis>
|
||
, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0BD97CFFE5FC0CFB72FE98" blockId="19.[111,649,912,1699]" lastBlockId="19.[675,1210,216,305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFFE5FC0CFF12FC03" bold="true" box="[113,216,912,939]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">The jugal</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFF68FC0CFE77FC02" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[252,445,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFF68FC0CFE77FC02" box="[252,445,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is loosely attached to the lacrimal and maxilla and does not contact the zygomatic process of the squamosal (i.e. the zygomatic arch is incomplete), as occurs in most sloths (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFF7BFB92FE46FB83" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[239,396,1039,1066]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but not all (e.g., the Pleistocene megatheriid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFEECFBB2FF6FFBC0" authority="Spillmann, 1948" authorityName="Spillmann" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Eremotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFEECFBB2FDC6FBE0" box="[376,524,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eremotherium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFD86FBB2FF6FFBC0" author="SPILLMANN F." pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="231 - 279" refId="ref33096" refString="SPILLMANN F. 1948. - Beitrage zur Kenntnis eines neuen gravigraden Riesensteppentieres (Eremotherium carolinense gen. et spec. nov.), seines Lebensraumes und seiner Lebensweise. Palaeobiologica 8: 231 - 279." type="journal article" year="1948">Spillmann, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the mylodontid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFEC0FBD2FDE5FBC0" authority="Owen, 1839" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1839" box="[340,559,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Mylodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFEC0FBD2FE61FBC0" box="[340,427,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Mylodon</emphasis>
|
||
Owen, 1839
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the megalonychids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFE87FBF3FE4AFB21" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[275,384,1134,1160]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE87FBF3FE4AFB21" box="[275,384,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFE25FBF3FDE3FB21" authorityName="Cartelle, De Iuliis & Pujos" authorityYear="2008" box="[433,553,1134,1160]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE25FBF3FDE3FB21" box="[433,553,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFDA1FBF3FF60FB01" author="GAUDIN T. J." pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFF20FB13FE4AFB01" author="CARTELLE C. & DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F." box="[180,384,1166,1192]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="335 - 346" refId="ref29575" refString="CARTELLE C., DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F. 2008. - A new species of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Quaternary of Poco Azul (Bahia, Brazil). Comptes Rendus Palevol 7: 335 - 346." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cartelle
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE9AFB12FE8AFB01" box="[270,320,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The base of the jugal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFFE4FB33FEE4FB61" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[112,302,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFFE4FB33FEE4FB61" box="[112,302,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an orbital wing that prevents a maxillolacrimal contact in the orbital region, in contrast to the condition noted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFE71FB70FD49FAAE" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[485,643,1261,1287]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: ch. 109; the jugal is missing in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFD93FA90FD4FFA8E" authorityName="INGENS AMEGHINO" authorityYear="1887" box="[519,645,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD93FA90FD4FFA8E" box="[519,645,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eucholoeops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined by this author, although its facet is preserved).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFEA0FAD1FE27FACF" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[308,493,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFEA0FAD1FE27FACF" box="[308,493,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus resembles the condition that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFEA3FAF0FDD3FA2F" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[311,537,1388,1415]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFE0CFAF0FE00FA2F" box="[408,458,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described for most nothrotheriids. The contact, however, is present in most megalonychids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFE29FA36FD85FA6C" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[445,591,1451,1477]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The jugal forms the ventral rim of the orbit, which lies in about the same position typical for other mammals. This position occurs in sloths such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFDA6F996FF5EF9ED" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFDA6F996FF5EF9ED" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFF58F9B7FEFEF9ED" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[204,308,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFF58F9B7FEFEF9ED" box="[204,308,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as opposed to being displaced ventrally near the level of the alveolar margin, as occurs in some megalonychids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFD83F9F4FEDDF90A" authority="(Gaudin 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD83F9F4FD4CF92A" box="[535,646,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFFEDF914FEC5F90A" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[121,271,1673,1699]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFEB5F914FD48F90A" authority="(Cartelle et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Cartelle" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[289,642,1673,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFEB5F914FE56F90A" box="[289,412,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFE3DF914FDB0F90A" author="CARTELLE C. & DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F." box="[425,634,1673,1699]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="335 - 346" refId="ref29575" refString="CARTELLE C., DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F. 2008. - A new species of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Quaternary of Poco Azul (Bahia, Brazil). Comptes Rendus Palevol 7: 335 - 346." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cartelle
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD92F917FDF3F90A" box="[518,569,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other sloths, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFC30FF45FB44FF5B" authority="(Scott 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[932,1166,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFC30FF45FBC8FF5B" box="[932,1026,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFB9BFF45FB4CFF5B" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[1039,1158,216,242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the nothrotheriids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFCD1FF6AFC2BFEB8" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[837,993,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFCD1FF6AFC2BFEB8" box="[837,993,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Nothrotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFC78FF6AFB4FFEB8" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[1004,1157,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFC78FF6AFB4FFEB8" box="[1004,1157,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the megatheriid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFCC5FE8AFC2FFE98" authorityName="Spillmann" authorityYear="1948" box="[849,997,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Eremotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFCC5FE8AFC2FFE98" box="[849,997,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eremotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFB8CFE8AFB67FE98" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[1048,1197,279,305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0BD97CFD31FECAFC03FB83" blockId="19.[675,1212,342,1066]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD31FECAFBCAFED9" bold="true" box="[677,1024,342,369]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">The posterior part of the jugal</emphasis>
|
||
bears three processes, as occurs in most sloths (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0BD97CFB84FEEBFB63FE39" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[1040,1193,374,400]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFB3DFEEBFB78FE39" bold="true" box="[1193,1202,374,400]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">)</emphasis>
|
||
. The ascending process of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFC50FE0BFB41FE19" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[964,1163,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFC50FE0BFB41FE19" box="[964,1163,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, resembling that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFCF2FE28FC03FE66" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[870,969,437,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFCF2FE28FC03FE66" box="[870,969,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFB90FE28FB52FE66" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[1028,1176,437,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFB90FE28FB52FE66" box="[1028,1176,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is elongated and slender and extends posterodorsally above the zygomatic process of the squamosal, but is longer and tapers more gradually than in these taxa. A weak postorbital process is present along the anterior surface of its base. The middle process projects posteriorly toward the zygomatic process of the squamosal. It is prominent and approximately triangular, resembling that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFBB8FD2EFB46FD64" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1068,1164,691,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFBB8FD2EFB46FD64" box="[1068,1164,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFD37FD4EFCF6FD44" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[675,828,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD37FD4EFCF6FD44" box="[675,828,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but more robust and pointed at its posterior extremity, rather than blunt. The robust descending process is shorter than the ascending process, but less so than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFC5AFCAFFBE4FCE5" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[974,1070,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFC5AFCAFFBE4FCE5" box="[974,1070,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is wide at its base and narrows ventrally, but not as strongly as occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFC93FCECFCACFC22" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[775,870,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFC93FCECFCACFC22" box="[775,870,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the ventral extremity is incomplete, it is sufficiently preserved to indicate that the posterior margin is concave, thus imparting a hook-like appearance to the end of the process; it is not as curved as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFC0AFC6DFBFDFBA3" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[926,1079,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFC0AFC6DFBFDFBA3" box="[926,1079,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, resembling more that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFCA6FB92FC08FB80" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[818,962,1039,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFCA6FB92FC08FB80" box="[818,962,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0BD97CFD31FBD2FB86FB21" blockId="19.[675,1209,1103,1161]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD31FBD2FCB6FBC0" bold="true" box="[677,892,1103,1129]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">The auditory region</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFC08FBD2FBDCFBC0" authorityName="INGENS AMEGHINO" authorityYear="1887" box="[924,1046,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFC08FBD2FBDCFBC0" box="[924,1046,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eucholoeops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is complex and will be described in a subsequent study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0BD97CFD31FB33FC54FB61" blockId="19.[674,1211,1198,1700]" box="[677,926,1198,1224]" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFD31FB33FC54FB61" box="[677,926,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0BD97CFC8CFB33FC9DFB61" box="[792,855,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0BD97CFCF1FB33FC5DFB61" box="[869,919,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,124,1611,1629]" captionTargetBox="[135,1194,220,1571]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[113,1209,192,1606]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. — Type specimens referred to Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887: A-C, MACN-A 4639, type of E. latirostris, anterior part of skull in lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views (A reversed from original; anterior towards left);D-F, MACN-A 6413,type of E. curtus, in lateral (D), dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views (anterior towards left); G-J, MACN-A 4640, type of E. externus, skull remains: G-H, ante- rior towards left; I, J, R dentary (anterior towards right) in dorsal (G), ventral (H), lateral (I) and occlusal (J) views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538411/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">7I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0BD97AFD31FB50FDCCFDE7" blockId="19.[674,1211,1198,1700]" lastBlockId="21.[111,648,216,591]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">
|
||
The mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFCF1FB50FBE3FB4E" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[869,1065,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFCF1FB50FBE3FB4E" box="[869,1065,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFCDBFB70FC65FAAE" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[847,943,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFCDBFB70FC65FAAE" box="[847,943,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and many other sloths, see below) in having a prominent spout, a deep horizontal ramus, and prominent processes. A main difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFCFCFAD0FC09FACF" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[872,963,1357,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFCFCFAD0FCB2FACF" box="[872,888,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFC11FAD0FC09FACF" box="[901,963,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFC67FAD1FB9AFACF" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1011,1104,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFC67FAD1FB9AFACF" box="[1011,1104,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that the dentary is more robust in the former. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0BD97CFBCDFAF1FB73FA2F" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1113,1209,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0BD97CFBCDFAF1FB73FA2F" box="[1113,1209,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="228">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the horizontal ramus appears relatively gracile and elongated, with the spout extending farther anteriorly and the body being less deep. In both, as in many but not all sloths (see below), the ventral margin of the horizontal ramus is convex and nearly reaches or projects below the level of the ventral margin of the angular process. This ventral bulge lies ventral to the molariform tooth row. More anteriorly the margin of the dentary has a small ventral protuber- ance approximately coincident with the posterior end of the mandibular symphysis. This feature may be related to the presence of a caniniform tooth (although the base of this tooth is posterior to the protuberance), as the protuberance is not present in sloths such as in the nothrotheriid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFE71FEEBFDB4FE39" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[485,638,374,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFE71FEEBFDB4FE39" box="[485,638,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the megatheriids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFEF6FE0BFD4CFE19" authority="Cuvier, 1796" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1796" box="[354,646,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Megatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFEF6FE0BFE24FE19" box="[354,494,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megatherium</emphasis>
|
||
Cuvier, 1796
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFF35FE28FEFFFE66" authorityName="Spillmann" authorityYear="1948" box="[161,309,437,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Eremotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFF35FE28FEFFFE66" box="[161,309,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Eremotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the caniniform is either lost or molariform and part of the molariform tooth row (i.e. a pronounced diastema is absent). It is present in the nothrotheriid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFE46FD88FDA8FD86" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[466,610,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFE46FD88FDA8FD86" box="[466,610,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which small caniniforms are retained.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376649DE0CD97BFFE5F9D6FB54F908" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538411/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="229" startId="20.[113,124,1611,1629]" targetBox="[135,1194,220,1571]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0CD97BFFE5F9D6FB54F908" blockId="20.[113,1209,1611,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">
|
||
FIG. 7. — Type specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0CD97BFE33F9D6FD2AF9F4" authority="Ameghino, 1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[423,736,1611,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFE33F9D6FD9AF9F4" box="[423,592,1611,1629]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0CD97BFDC0F9D6FD2AF9F4" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[596,736,1611,1629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFD72F9D6FCC2F9F4" bold="true" box="[742,776,1611,1629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, MACN-A 4639, type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0CD97BFC40F9D6FBFFF9F4" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[980,1077,1611,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFC40F9D6FC15F9F4" box="[980,991,1611,1629]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFC7EF9D6FBFFF9F4" box="[1002,1077,1611,1629]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, anterior part of skull in lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFF7DF9FFFF3CF9DD" bold="true" box="[233,246,1634,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">A</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFEABF9FFFE86F9DD" bold="true" box="[319,332,1634,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFE2DF9FFFE0DF9DD" bold="true" box="[441,455,1634,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFD9CF9FFFDDFF9DD" bold="true" box="[520,533,1634,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">A</emphasis>
|
||
reversed from original; anterior towards left);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFC11F9FFFC6FF9DD" bold="true" box="[901,933,1634,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">D -F</emphasis>
|
||
, MACN-A 6413,type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0CD97BFBF8F9FFFB7EF9DD" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[1132,1204,1634,1652]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFBF8F9FFFBBDF9DD" box="[1132,1143,1634,1652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFB14F9FFFB7EF9DD" box="[1152,1204,1634,1652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">curtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFF55F9E4FF05F922" bold="true" box="[193,207,1657,1675]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">D</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFE8FF9E4FEEDF922" bold="true" box="[283,295,1657,1675]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">E</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFE02F9E4FE6BF922" bold="true" box="[406,417,1657,1675]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">F</emphasis>
|
||
) views (anterior towards left);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFD0DF9E5FD72F922" bold="true" box="[665,696,1656,1675]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">G -J</emphasis>
|
||
, MACN-A 4640, type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0CD97BFC10F9E4FC2AF922" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[900,992,1657,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="externus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFC10F9E4FC45F922" box="[900,911,1657,1675]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFC0DF9E4FC2AF922" box="[921,992,1657,1675]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">externus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, skull remains:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFBF5F9E5FB4EF922" bold="true" box="[1121,1156,1656,1675]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">G -H</emphasis>
|
||
, ante- rior towards left;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFF6AF912FECEF908" bold="true" box="[254,260,1679,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFE9AF912FED2F908" bold="true" box="[270,280,1679,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">J</emphasis>
|
||
, R dentary (anterior towards right) in dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFD1FF912FD53F908" bold="true" box="[651,665,1679,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">G</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFD7FF912FD33F908" bold="true" box="[747,761,1679,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">H</emphasis>
|
||
), lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFCD0F912FC80F908" bold="true" box="[836,842,1679,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">I</emphasis>
|
||
) and occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0CD97BFC53F912FC1BF908" bold="true" box="[967,977,1679,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="229">J</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0DD97AFFE5FDE9FED9FB01" blockId="21.[111,649,627,1192]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFFE5FDE9FDADFD27" bold="true" box="[113,615,627,654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">The ventral profile of the horizontal ramus</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFFE5FD0EFEF8FD04" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[113,306,659,685]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFFE5FD0EFEF8FD04" box="[113,306,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strongly resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFDDBFD09FF79FD64" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFDDBFD09FF79FD64" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the spout is somewhat shorter and the angular process is positioned notably more dorsally in the latter. The profile varies among the remaining megalonychids, but is usually convex, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFF1AFCAEFF2EFCE5" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[142,228,819,844]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFF1AFCAEFF2EFCE5" box="[142,228,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFF66FCAEFE84FCE5" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[242,334,819,844]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFF66FCAEFE84FCE5" box="[242,334,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFECFFCAFFE19FCE5" box="[347,467,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFECFFCAFFE19FCE5" box="[347,467,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFE75FCAFFD9AFCE5" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[481,592,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFE75FCAFFD9AFCE5" box="[481,592,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFFE5FCCCFF26FCC2" box="[113,236,849,875]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFFE5FCCCFF26FCC2" box="[113,236,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A slight ventral protuberance is also present (though very slight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFE26FCECFDE7FC22" box="[434,557,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFE26FCECFDE7FC22" box="[434,557,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFF18FC0CFEC9FC02" box="[140,259,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFF18FC0CFEC9FC02" box="[140,259,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the caniniform, however, is strongly procumbent in the latter. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFE00FC2DFE30FC63" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[404,506,944,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFE00FC2DFE30FC63" box="[404,506,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the other hand, the ventral profile is nearly rectilinear and the angular process projects slightly below it. This condition resembles the typical condition described for mylodontid sloths, such as the mylodontine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFFE7FBD2FE44FBC0" authority="Brown, 1903" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1903" box="[115,398,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Paramylodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFFE7FBD2FF30FBC0" box="[115,250,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Paramylodon</emphasis>
|
||
Brown, 1903
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the scelidotheriine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFFE5FBF3FE51FB20" authority="Owen, 1840" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1840" box="[113,411,1134,1161]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Scelidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFFE5FBF3FEC1FB21" box="[113,267,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Scelidotherium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0DD97AFE86FBF2FE51FB20" author="OWEN R." box="[274,411,1135,1161]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" pagination="13 - 111" refId="ref32225" refString="OWEN R. 1840. - Fossil mammalia, inDARWIN C. (ed.), The Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle, under the Command of Captain Fitzroy, R. N., During the Years 1832 to 1836. Part 1. Smith, Elder and Company, London: 13 - 111." type="book chapter" year="1840">Owen, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0DD97AFE45FBF3FD84FB20" author="STOCK C." box="[465,590,1134,1161]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mc- Donald 1987).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0DD97AFFE5FB53FD4CF90A" blockId="21.[111,649,1229,1700]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFFE5FB53FF2AFB41" bold="true" box="[113,224,1230,1256]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">The spout</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFE91FB50FE0CFB4E" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[261,454,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFE91FB50FE0CFB4E" box="[261,454,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shorter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFFE6FB70FF1CFAAE" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[114,214,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFFE6FB70FF1CFAAE" box="[114,214,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus conforming to the condition in most megalonychids when the spout is present (it is strongly reduced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFECFFAB0FE00FAEE" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[347,458,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFECFFAB0FE00FAEE" box="[347,458,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFE6BFAB0FDBDFAEE" box="[511,631,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFE6BFAB0FDBDFAEE" box="[511,631,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The spout extends slightly anterodorsally. Its ventral margin is gently concave in lateral view. A prominent trough-like depression lies on the dorsolateral margin of the dentary just anterior to c1. The depression faces dorsolaterally and receives C1. The depression is not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFE08FA76FE36F9AC" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[412,508,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFE08FA76FE36F9AC" box="[412,508,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although in lateral view the dorsal margin of the spout is gently concave just anterior to c1.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0DD97AFE0FF9B7FDF5F9ED" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[411,575,1578,1604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the presence of a depression on the lateral surface of the dentary just posterior to c
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE0DD97AFE5FF9F7FE38F92A" box="[459,498,1641,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFE6CF9F4FD92F92A" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[504,600,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFE6CF9F4FD92F92A" box="[504,600,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFFE5F917FF05F90A" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[113,207,1674,1700]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFFE5F917FF4BF90A" box="[113,129,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFF1BF917FF05F90A" box="[143,207,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This depression is prominent and easily
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0DD97AFD31FF45FB73FE66" blockId="21.[676,1210,216,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">
|
||
noted in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFCD4FF45FC6AFF5B" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[832,928,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCD4FF45FC6AFF5B" box="[832,928,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBFBFF44FD15FEB8" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBFBFF44FD15FEB8" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">H. longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(YPM-VPPU 15523) but appears absent in others, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFCD1FE85FC0FFE98" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[837,965,279,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCD1FE85FC90FE98" box="[837,858,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCF3FE8AFC0FFE98" box="[871,965,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(YPM-VPPU 15597). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD55FEA5FC40FEF8" authority="MPM-PV" authorityName="MPM-PV" box="[705,906,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD55FEA5FD1AFEF8" box="[705,720,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD48FEA5FCD0FEF8" box="[732,794,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
MPM-PV
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3401 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0DD97AFC46FEAAFBF6FEF8" box="[978,1084,311,337]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) the depression is present but shallower than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBAFFECAFCE4FE38" authority="YPM-VPPU" authorityName="YPM-VPPU" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBAFFECAFB9AFED9" box="[1083,1104,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBF4FECBFB70FED9" box="[1120,1210,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
YPM-VPPU
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
15523, whereas it is not notable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD32FE0AFCB0FE18" authority="FMNH P" authorityName="FMNH P" box="[678,890,406,433]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD32FE0AFD7CFE19" box="[678,694,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD50FE0AFCCEFE19" box="[708,772,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
FMNH P
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
13125 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0DD97AFC44FE0BFB89FE19" box="[976,1091,406,432]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), although this region is not well preserved in this specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0DD97AFD31FE68FC02FB61" blockId="21.[675,1212,501,1224]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD31FE68FC52FDA6" bold="true" box="[677,920,501,527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">The coronoid process</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFC54FE68FB4DFDA6" box="[960,1159,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC54FE68FB4DFDA6" box="[960,1159,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD31FD88FCCBFD86" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[677,769,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD31FD88FCCBFD86" box="[677,769,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are about equally high, but that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBC9FD88FB73FD86" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1117,1209,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBC9FD88FB73FD86" box="[1117,1209,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears relatively shorter because the condyle is more dorsally positioned in the latter. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBEFFDC8FD05FD24" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBEFFDC8FB40FDC7" box="[1147,1162,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFB0EFDC8FD05FD24" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the condyle lies just dorsal to the level of the molariforms, and so resembles the condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD32FD2EFCC6FD64" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[678,780,691,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD32FD2EFCC6FD64" box="[678,780,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among megalonychids (and mylodontids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD60FD4EFCB1FD44" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1903" box="[756,891,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Paramylodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD60FD4EFCB1FD44" box="[756,891,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Paramylodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFC24FD4EFB80FD44" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1840" box="[944,1098,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Scelidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC24FD4EFB80FD44" box="[944,1098,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Scelidotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In other megalonychids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFC26FD6EFBEEFCA4" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[946,1060,755,781]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC26FD6EFBEEFCA4" box="[946,1060,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBA0FD6FFB78FCA5" box="[1076,1202,754,780]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBA0FD6FFB78FCA5" box="[1076,1202,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD31FC8FFCEBFC85" box="[677,801,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD31FC8FFCEBFC85" box="[677,801,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFCA6FC8FFC6FFC85" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[818,933,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCA6FC8FFC6FFC85" box="[818,933,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFC22FC8EFBC5FC85" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[950,1039,787,812]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC22FC8EFBC5FC85" box="[950,1039,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBC7FC8EFB78FC85" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[1107,1202,787,812]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBC7FC8EFB78FC85" box="[1107,1202,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the condyle is more dorsal (especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBA6FCAFFB60FCE5" box="[1074,1194,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBA6FCAFFB60FCE5" box="[1074,1194,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the height of the coronoid varies. For example, it is well above the condyle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFC64FCECFB92FC22" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[1008,1112,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC64FCECFB92FC22" box="[1008,1112,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBFDFCECFD13FC02" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBFDFCECFD13FC02" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFC8FFC0CFC46FC02" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[795,908,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC8FFC0CFC46FC02" box="[795,908,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at about the same level as the condyle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFCD8FC2CFC71FC62" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[844,955,945,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCD8FC2CFC71FC62" box="[844,955,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFC5CFC2CFBD4FC63" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[968,1054,945,970]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC5CFC2CFBD4FC63" box="[968,1054,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBCAFC2CFB70FC63" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[1118,1210,945,970]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBCAFC2CFB70FC63" box="[1118,1210,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in these the condyle is somewhat shorter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD31FC6CFD34FBA3" box="[677,766,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD31FC6CFD7EFBA3" box="[677,692,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD54FC6CFD34FBA3" box="[704,766,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFCBBFC6DFC47FBA3" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[815,909,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCBBFC6DFC47FBA3" box="[815,909,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and lower than the condyle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD56FB92FCF0FB80" box="[706,826,1039,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD56FB92FCF0FB80" box="[706,826,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in which the coronoid is nonetheless tall). Except for a slightly more dorsal position of the condyle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFCF2FBD2FC0CFBC0" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[870,966,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCF2FBD2FC0CFBC0" box="[870,966,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the form and relative positions of the condyle and coronoid process in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD31FB12FCC8FB01" box="[677,770,1167,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD31FB12FD7FFB01" box="[677,693,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD56FB12FCC8FB01" box="[706,770,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble more those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFB92FB13FBACFB01" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1030,1126,1166,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFB92FB13FBACFB01" box="[1030,1126,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in other megalonychid sloths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0DD979FD31FB70FEA8FE46" blockId="21.[674,1211,1261,1700]" lastBlockId="22.[111,647,216,495]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD31FB70FCB3FAAE" bold="true" box="[677,889,1261,1287]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">The angular process</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFC0DFB70FB9FFAAE" box="[921,1109,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC0DFB70FB9FFAAE" box="[921,1109,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is prominent, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFCB6FA90FC49FA8E" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[802,899,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCB6FA90FC49FA8E" box="[802,899,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Its ventral margin, in both taxa, reaches to about the same level as the ventral bulge of the dentary, as is also true in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBD0FAD0FB50FACF" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[1092,1178,1357,1382]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBD0FAD0FB50FACF" box="[1092,1178,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It lies slightly dorsal to the ventral margin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBF1FAF1FD02FA0C" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBF1FAF1FD02FA0C" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and much more so in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFC5CFA11FBEEFA0C" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[968,1060,1420,1445]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC5CFA11FBEEFA0C" box="[968,1060,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBC8FA11FD02FA6C" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBC8FA11FD02FA6C" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0DD97AFC95FA36FCB6FA6C" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[769,892,1451,1477]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0DD97AFC1DFA36FBE6FA6C" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[905,1068,1451,1477]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0DD97AFBACFA36FCA8FA4F" author="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. & DE" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref31417" refString="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. (DE) 1959. - The Cuban Edentates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Matthew & Paula Couto 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0DD97AFCFDFA56FBF9FA4C" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[873,1075,1483,1509]" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFC51FA51FC3FFA4C" box="[965,1013,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The margin between the condyle and angular process outlines a fairly deep and smooth semicircular notch, as also occurs usually in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFCF3F9B7FC02F9ED" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[871,968,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCF3F9B7FC02F9ED" box="[871,968,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFBDDF9B7FB73F9ED" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1097,1209,1578,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFBDDF9B7FB73F9ED" box="[1097,1209,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFD47F9D7FC84F9CD" box="[723,846,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFD47F9D7FC84F9CD" box="[723,846,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among megalonychids; it is much shallower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0DD97AFCBCF9F4FC5AF92A" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[808,912,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0DD97AFCBCF9F4FC5AF92A" box="[808,912,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="230">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the remaining megalonychids and more angular in the latter group, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FF2AFF45FEFCFF5B" box="[190,310,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FF2AFF45FEFCFF5B" box="[190,310,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0ED979FEF9FF45FD82FF5B" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[365,584,216,242]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FE44FF44FDCFFF5B" box="[464,517,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is also somewhat angular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FEEEFF65FE3EFEB8" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[378,500,247,274]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FEEEFF65FE47FEB8" box="[378,397,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FE0DFF6AFE3EFEB8" box="[409,500,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(YPM-VPPU 15597). In overall relative positions, form, and sizes of the angular, condyloid, and angular processes,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FFE5FECAFF1AFED9" box="[113,208,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FFE5FECAFF4BFED9" box="[113,129,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FF04FECAFF1AFED9" box="[144,208,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FE16FECBFE28FED9" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[386,482,342,368]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FE16FECBFE28FED9" box="[386,482,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A single mental foramen is present on either side in MPM-PV 3401 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0ED979FF23FE0BFEC3FE18" box="[183,265,406,433]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The foramen lies in a depression of the dentary and opens anterior to the deep notch before the c1 alveolus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0ED979FFE5FD89FB7FFBA3" blockId="22.[112,648,532,1700]" lastBlockId="22.[675,1212,216,1510]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FFE5FD89FDEBFD87" bold="true" box="[113,545,532,559]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Position of the posterolateral opening.</emphasis>
|
||
Descriptions of the position of the posterolateral opening of the mandibular canal are somewhat ambiguous. In sloths it is always near or on the base of the anterior margin of the ascending ramus. It has been described, except for megatheriines (see below), as either opening anterolaterally or laterally from the base of the ascending ramus or from the lateral surface of the horizontal ramus. However, the opening is always associated with the base of the anterior margin of the ascending ramus, but depending on the opening’s dorsoventral position and relation to the molariform teeth, it may appear as opening from the ascending ramus or the horizontal ramus. For such reasons, it is useful to also consider the position of the opening with respect to these other features. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FF7BFB92FE65FB80" box="[239,431,1039,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FF7BFB92FE65FB80" box="[239,431,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the opening lies entirely ventral to the alveolar margin and below the distal half of m3, and thus appears on the lateral surface of the horizontal ramus. This is the typical condition in other megalonychids, although there is variation relative to the molariform teeth and dorsoventral position. For example, it is, exceptionally, more ventral in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FE1CFB73FE15FAAE" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[392,479,1262,1287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FE1CFB73FE15FAAE" box="[392,479,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and lies below m2. In some megalonychids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD83FA90FD42FA8E" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[535,648,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD83FA90FD42FA8E" box="[535,648,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FF37FAB0FECAFAEF" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[163,256,1325,1350]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FF37FAB0FECAFAEF" box="[163,256,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its position is approximately as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FFE7FAD0FF1BFACF" box="[115,209,1357,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FFE7FAD0FF4BFACF" box="[115,129,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FF05FAD0FF1BFACF" box="[145,209,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FE96FAD1FEA1FACF" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[258,363,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FE96FAD1FEA1FACF" box="[258,363,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the opening is below m3 but its posterior portion may intersect the alveolar border. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FF77FA11FE98FA0F" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[227,338,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FF77FA11FE98FA0F" box="[227,338,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FE1CFA11FDCAFA0F" box="[392,512,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FE1CFA11FDCAFA0F" box="[392,512,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it lies below m2. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FF2AFA36FEF2FA6C" box="[190,312,1451,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FF2AFA36FEF2FA6C" box="[190,312,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the position of the opening varies, and may lie just medial or lateral to the base of the anterior margin of the coronoid process, and from the distal margin of m3 to the mesial half of m3. In MCL 21834, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F38863DE0ED979FE13F9B7FE2CF9ED" box="[391,486,1578,1604]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD98F9B7FF0AF9CA" authorityName="Cartelle, De Iuliis & Pujos" authorityYear="2008" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD98F9B7FF0AF9CA" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Ahytherium aureum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the more posterior position occurs in the R dentary and the more anterior position in the L dentary. The condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FE29F914FD9EF90A" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[445,596,1673,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FE29F914FD9EF90A" box="[445,596,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD33FF45FC88FF5B" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[679,834,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD33FF45FC88FF5B" box="[679,834,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar, with the opening lying ventral to the alveolar margin below m3, and as well in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD6CFE8AFC58FE98" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1840" box="[760,914,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Scelidotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD6CFE8AFC58FE98" box="[760,914,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Scelidotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FC5EFE8AFB9BFE98" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1903" box="[970,1105,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Paramylodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FC5EFE8AFB9BFE98" box="[970,1105,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Paramylodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the difference being that it lies below m4 (which is equivalent to m
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE0ED979FCC3FECAFC48FED9" box="[855,898,342,369]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
the above discussed taxa, as all four lower teeth are molariform). In contrast, it lies more dorsally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FC31FE0BFBCFFE19" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[933,1029,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FC31FE0BFBCFFE19" box="[933,1029,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., YPM-VP- PU 15523, 15597; AMNH 9222), lying about level with the alveolar margin and posterior to m3, and thus appears on the anterior margin of the base of the ascending ramus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0ED979FC29FD88FB81FD86" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[957,1099,533,559]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that its position varies intraspecifically, at least for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD58FDC8FC85FDC7" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[716,847,596,623]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD58FDC8FD2BFDC7" box="[716,737,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD65FDC9FC85FDC7" box="[753,847,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as is apparent in two specimens that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0ED979FD48FDE9FCAFFD27" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[732,869,628,654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott (1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 40: figs 2a, 4; respectively AMNH 15155 and 15531) assigned to this species: in AMNH 15531 it is entirely ventral to the alveolar margin; in AMNH 15155 it intersects the margin. In megatheriines it lies medial to the base of the ascending ramus.Taxonomic importance has also been given to the presence of two openings in this region. However, this is individual variation, as is indicated by the presence of one and two openings in the same individual (e.g., MPM-PV 4251,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD30FC2DFCD0FC63" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[676,794,944,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Hyperleptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD30FC2DFCD0FC63" box="[676,794,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Hyperleptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., and MPM-PV 3458,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FBBCFC2DFB4CFC63" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1064,1158,944,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FBBCFC2DFB4CFC63" box="[1064,1158,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0ED979FD37FC4DFCE3FC43" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[675,809,976,1002]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported such variation in a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD2BFC6CFCF7FBA3" box="[703,829,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD2BFC6CFD1EFBA3" box="[703,724,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD77FC6DFCF7FBA3" box="[739,829,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and considered it an abnormality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0ED979FD2FFB8DFB95FA4C" blockId="22.[675,1212,216,1510]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">
|
||
It might be expected that, to some degree at least, the position of the opening would be correlated to the position of the anterior margin of the ascending ramus, but a survey of sloths suggests that any possible correlation is not straightforward. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FBEBFB12FD05FB61" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FBEBFB12FD05FB61" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">E. ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FC85FB33FCB3FB61" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[785,889,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FC85FB33FCB3FB61" box="[785,889,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FC13FB33FC2DFB61" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[903,999,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FC13FB33FC2DFB61" box="[903,999,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FC60FB33FB4EFB61" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[1012,1156,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FC60FB33FB4EFB61" box="[1012,1156,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD37FB50FCF0FB4E" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[675,826,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD37FB50FCF0FB4E" box="[675,826,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the anterior margin of the coronoid process is posterior to m3 and leaves this tooth entirely exposed in lateral view.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FB81FA90FB42FA8E" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1045,1160,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FB81FA90FB42FA8E" box="[1045,1160,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD33FAB0FCE8FAEE" box="[679,802,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD33FAB0FCE8FAEE" box="[679,802,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar except that m3 is partially covered. In other megalonychids (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FBD0FAD0FB79FACE" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[1092,1203,1357,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FBD0FAD0FB79FACE" box="[1092,1203,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FD31FAF1FCD7FA2F" box="[677,797,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD31FAF1FCD7FA2F" box="[677,797,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FCBFFAF0FC4BFA2F" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[811,897,1389,1414]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FCBFFAF0FC4BFA2F" box="[811,897,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FC2AFAF0FBD0FA2F" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[958,1050,1389,1414]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FC2AFAF0FBD0FA2F" box="[958,1050,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), however, the anterior margin of the coronoid lies farther anteriorly, with m3 being usually entirely (and in some taxa m2 partially) covered in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0ED979FD31F996FCC0F98D" blockId="22.[674,1210,1547,1700]" box="[677,778,1547,1572]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD31F996FCC0F98D" box="[677,778,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0ED978FD31F9B6FE2DFB61" blockId="22.[674,1210,1547,1700]" lastBlockId="23.[111,649,216,1700]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0ED979FD31F9B6FCA5F9ED" author="BARGO M. S. & VIZCAINO S. F. & KAY R. F." box="[677,879,1578,1605]" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" pagination="870 - 880" refId="ref28968" refString="BARGO M. S., VIZCAINO S. F. & KAY R. F. 2009. - Predominance of orthal masticatory movements in the Early Miocene Eucholaeops (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) and other megatherioid sloths. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 870 - 880." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Bargo
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FD7FF9B6FCD4F9ED" box="[747,798,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the main features of the dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0ED979FCB6F9D7FC13F9CD" box="[802,985,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0ED979FCB6F9D7FC13F9CD" box="[802,985,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="231">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and provided detailed descriptions of the occlusal surfaces for their analysis of mastication in this sloth. Here, comparative descriptions among taxa are provided, as well as an assessment of intraspecific variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FE6DFF65FD99FEB8" box="[505,595,248,274]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FE6DFF65FDC3FEB8" box="[505,521,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD82FF65FD99FEB8" box="[534,595,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The dentition includes an upper and lower caniniform and four upper and three lower molariforms. The caniniform is considerably enlarged, projecting beyond the level of the molariforms. C1 and c1 are approximately triangular in section and with a nearly vertical wear facet, that of C1 on the distal and of c1 on the mesial surface of the tooth. The apex of each tooth is sharply pointed. C1 projects more strongly past the upper molariforms than does c1 past the lower molariforms. The diastema is pronounced, particularly in the upper tooth row. The form and size of the caniniform teeth are sufficient to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FE27FD09FDDEFD04" box="[435,532,660,686]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FE27FD09FE08FD04" box="[435,450,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FE46FD09FDDEFD04" box="[466,532,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from any other Santacrucian sloth. Enlarged caniniforms are characteristic of megalonychids, though they are not always sharply pointed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FE51FD6FFD4DFCA5" box="[453,647,754,780]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FE51FD6FFD4DFCA5" box="[453,647,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strongly resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FED6FC8FFE61FC85" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[322,427,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FED6FC8FFE61FC85" box="[322,427,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FE72FC8FFD9CFC85" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[486,598,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FE72FC8FFD9CFC85" box="[486,598,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FE88FCAEFEB8FCE5" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[284,370,819,844]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FE88FCAEFEB8FCE5" box="[284,370,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FE32FCAFFD4AFCE5" author="MACPHEE R. D. E. & WHITE J. L. & WOODS C. A." box="[422,640,818,844]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref31184" refString="MACPHEE R. D. E., WHITE J. L. & WOODS C. A. 2000. - New megalonychid sloths (Phyllophaga, Xenarthra) from the Quaternary of Hispaniola. American Museum Novitates 3303: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
MacPhee
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD9BFCAEFD88FCE5" box="[527,578,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in this respect. Those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FEFFFCCCFE2EFCC2" box="[363,484,849,875]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FEFFFCCCFE2EFCC2" box="[363,484,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also sharply pointed, but they are not as large as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FD8BFCEFFD4AFC22" box="[543,640,882,908]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD8BFCEFFDE5FC22" box="[543,559,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FDD4FCEFFD4AFC22" box="[576,640,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FFE5FC0CFF15FC02" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[113,223,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FFE5FC0CFF15FC02" box="[113,223,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FEB0FC0CFE53FC02" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[292,409,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FEB0FC0CFE53FC02" box="[292,409,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The c1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FDB6FC0FFD4CFC02" box="[546,646,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FDB6FC0FFDF8FC02" box="[546,562,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FDD7FC0FFD4CFC02" box="[579,646,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
projects about as strongly as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FE44FC2CFD8AFC62" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[464,576,945,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FE44FC2CFD8AFC62" box="[464,576,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FF63FC4DFE47FC43" author="GAUDIN T. J." box="[247,397,976,1002]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="255 - 305" refId="ref30411" refString="GAUDIN T. J. 2004. - Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140: 255 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Gaudin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 10). In contrast to the condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FEA6FC6DFE57FBA3" authorityName="DIDACTYLUS LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[306,413,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FEA6FC6DFE57FBA3" box="[306,413,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, c1 does not project far enough to require accommodation by a fossa posterior to C1. The caniniforms in megalonychids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FF53FBD2FEFDFBC0" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[199,311,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FF53FBD2FEFDFBC0" box="[199,311,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FEDCFBD2FE0AFBC0" box="[328,448,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FEDCFBD2FE0AFBC0" box="[328,448,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FD96FBCDFD94FBC0" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[514,606,1104,1129]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD96FBCDFD94FBC0" box="[514,606,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are clearly distinguished from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FE7CFBF2FD8FFB21" box="[488,581,1135,1160]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FE7CFBF2FD8FFB21" box="[488,581,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">E. ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being incisiform (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FEAAFB13FE71FB00" author="LEIDY J." box="[318,443,1166,1193]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref30937" refString="LEIDY J. 1855. - A memoir on the extinct sloth tribe of North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 7: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1855">Leidy 1855</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FE52FB13FF33FB60" author="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. & DE" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref31417" refString="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. (DE) 1959. - The Cuban Edentates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Matthew & Paula Couto 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FE97FB33FE11FB61" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[259,475,1198,1224]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FEF1FB32FE53FB61" box="[357,409,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0FD978FF1CFB50FD4DFA6C" blockId="23.[111,649,216,1700]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
|
||
The upper molariforms are generally oval to rectangular in shape, with long axis oriented vestibulolingually. This is a common pattern in megalonychids (but see below), nothrotheriids, and planopsines, and occurs in some less derived megatheriines (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FF3BFAF1FDC6FA2F" authority="Ameghino, 1904" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1904" box="[175,524,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Megathericulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FF3BFAF1FE86FA2F" box="[175,332,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Megathericulus</emphasis>
|
||
Ameghino, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FDD1FAF1FDE1FA0F" authority="Brandoni & De Iuliis, 2007" authorityName="Brandoni & De Iuliis" authorityYear="2007" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Anisodontherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FDD1FAF1FF20FA0F" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Anisodontherium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FF67FA11FDE1FA0F" author="BRANDONI D. & DE IULIIS G." box="[243,555,1420,1446]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref29241" refString="BRANDONI D. & DE IULIIS G. 2007. - A new genus for the Megatheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megatheriidae) from the Arroyo Chasico Formation (Upper Miocene) of Buenos Aires Province. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 244: 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="2007">Brandoni & De Iuliis, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Middle and Late Miocene, respectively;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FE53FA36FDB0FA6C" author="PUJOS F. & GISMONDI R. & BABY G. & BABY P. & GOILLOT C. & TEJADA J. & ANTOINE P. - O." box="[455,634,1451,1477]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="973 - 991" refId="ref32707" refString="PUJOS F., SALAS- GISMONDI R., BABY G., BABY P., GOILLOT C., TEJADA J. & ANTOINE P. - O. 2013. - Implication of the presence of Megathericulus (Xenarthra: Tardigrada: Megatheriidae) in the Laventan of Peruvian Amazonia. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 11 (8): 973 - 991." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Pujos
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD93FA31FDF3FA6C" box="[519,569,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352654ADE0FD978FF1CFA56FB70F98D" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0FD978FF1CFA56FBC0FC25" blockId="23.[111,649,216,1700]" lastBlockId="23.[674,1212,216,1699]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FF1CFA56FE81FA4C" box="[136,331,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FF1CFA56FE81FA4C" box="[136,331,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is notable in that its molariforms, particularly M2 and M3, tend to be transversely expanded, and in some specimens these teeth appear mesiodistally compressed. M2 and M3 are the largest molariforms, although there is variation, including individual, as to which is largest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0FD978FFE3F914FF01F90A" box="[119,203,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[118,1209,215,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[113,1209,201,1615]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Skulls of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimens: A, C, E, MPM-PV 3452; B, D, F, MPM-PV 15046. A, B, ventral views; C, D, left lateral views; E, F, dorsal views (anterior towards left). Abbreviation: fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538403/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). M4 is the smallest upper tooth. It may be transversely oval (MPM-PV 3451;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0FD978FBD4FF45FB59FF5B" box="[1088,1171,216,242]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,123,1589,1607]" captionTargetBox="[131,1198,216,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-162@10.[119,1215,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3.— Skull of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887 MPM-PV 3451 in left lateral (A, B), ventral (C), and dorsal (D) views (anterior towards left).Abbreviations:bf, buccinator fossa;bo, basioccipital;C1, caniniform tooth;eam, external auditory meatus;foo, foramen ovale;fl, flange of the premaxillar margin of the maxilla;fr, frontal;frpas, frontoparietal suture;la, lacrimal; laf, lacrimal foramen; M1-M4, upper molariform teeth;max, maxilla;maxfrs, maxillofrontal suture;mcr, median crest; na, nasal; nafrs, nasofrontal suture; nucr, nuchal crest;oc, occipital condyle;pa, parietal;pt, pterygoid;sacr, sagittal crest;so, supraoccipital;sq, squamosal;sqpas, squamosoparietal suture.Scale bar:5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538401/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) or nearly trapezoidal (MPM-PV 3401;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0FD978FBBBFF6AFB4AFEBB" box="[1071,1152,247,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[113,124,1657,1675]" captionTargetBox="[247,1076,215,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-25@8.[243,1079,214,1628]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, specimen MPM-PV 3401 (neotype): A-C, skull in left lateral (A), ventral (B), and dorsal (C) views; D, E, premaxillae in ventral (D) and lateral (E) (anterior towards left) views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538399/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), but its section varies, even within individuals. For example, its distal surface may be convex or slightly indented, producing either an oval or somewhat reniform section. Despite the overall general resemblance of the molariforms among megalonychids, there are some notable differences, as is evident from figures and descriptions in, for example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FB06FE48FCF3FDB9" author="ANTHONY H. E." pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FCD2FE68FBE6FDA6" author="CARTELLE C. & DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F." box="[838,1068,501,527]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="335 - 346" refId="ref29575" refString="CARTELLE C., DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F. 2008. - A new species of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Quaternary of Poco Azul (Bahia, Brazil). Comptes Rendus Palevol 7: 335 - 346." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cartelle
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FC37FE6BFC12FDA6" box="[931,984,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FBACFE68FC4CFD86" author="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. & DE" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref31417" refString="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. (DE) 1959. - The Cuban Edentates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Matthew & Paula Couto (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE0FD978FC51FD88FB7FFD86" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[965,1205,533,559]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FBBEFD88FB95FD86" box="[1066,1119,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Among these differences, we may note that some molariforms tend to be somewhat triangular to trapezoidal rather than oval in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FC28FDE9FBFDFD27" box="[956,1079,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FC28FDE9FBFDFD27" box="[956,1079,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FBD7FDE9FB78FD27" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1091,1202,628,654]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FBD7FDE9FB78FD27" box="[1091,1202,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FD31FD09FD31FD04" ID-CoL="1d121124-c9c8-4ebc-9516-44f41daae572" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[677,763,660,685]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD31FD09FD31FD04" box="[677,763,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, to a lesser extent,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FC6CFD09FB9EFD04" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[1016,1108,660,685]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FC6CFD09FB9EFD04" box="[1016,1108,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In some megalonychids, the long axis of some molariforms tends to be oriented obliquely to the long axis of the tooth row, as occurs in M1 to M
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE0FD978FB8FFD6EFB88FCA5" box="[1051,1090,754,781]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FBD3FD6EFB7EFCA4" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[1095,1204,755,781]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FBD3FD6EFB7EFCA4" box="[1095,1204,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, M
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE0FD978FD54FC8FFD20FC85" box="[704,746,786,812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FD65FC8FFCA6FC85" box="[753,876,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD65FC8FFCA6FC85" box="[753,876,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, M1-M
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE0FD978FC50FC8FFC3AFC85" box="[964,1008,786,812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FC6CFC8EFB9EFC85" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[1016,1108,787,812]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FC6CFC8EFB9EFC85" box="[1016,1108,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and M
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE0FD978FB24FC8FFD71FCE5" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FD55FCAFFCF3FCE5" box="[705,825,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD55FCAFFCF3FCE5" box="[705,825,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lastly, several molariforms may be reniform, with a distal apicobasal sulcus, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FB16FCCFFD2FFC22" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FB16FCCFFD2FFC22" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FD67FCECFCA1FC22" box="[755,875,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD67FCECFCA1FC22" box="[755,875,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FC3CFCEFFBCEFC22" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[936,1028,882,907]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FC3CFCEFFBCEFC22" box="[936,1028,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0FD978FD2FFC0CFB70F98D" blockId="23.[674,1212,216,1699]" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
|
||
The sample of mandibles securely associated with skull material is considerably smaller than skull remains, so that the lower teeth are less well represented than the uppers. Indeed, only two individuals, MPM-PV 3401 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0FD978FCC8FB92FC00FB83" box="[860,970,1039,1066]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and FMNH P13125 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0FD978FD3FFBB2FD2CFBE3" box="[683,742,1071,1098]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C-F), possess reasonably well-preserved skulls and associated mandibular remains (and that for FMNH P13125 is not particularly complete). The m1 and m2 are of similar size and shape, resembling the upper molariforms in being transversely oval in section. The section of m3, though still oval, is nearly circular (MPM-PV 3401,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0FD978FBF6FB70FB78FAA1" box="[1122,1202,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
) or squared (FMNH P13125,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE0FD978FC71FA90FB96FA8E" box="[997,1116,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and its long axis is oriented linguodistally to vestibulomesially rather than nearly transverse. As for the upper molariforms, differences may be noted in the lower molariforms of other megalonychids. For example, m1 is more nearly trapezoidal to oval in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FBF6FA31FB72FA6C" ID-CoL="1d121124-c9c8-4ebc-9516-44f41daae572" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[1122,1208,1452,1477]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FBF6FA31FB72FA6C" box="[1122,1208,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FD41FA56FC9AFA4C" box="[725,848,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FD41FA56FC9AFA4C" box="[725,848,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(based on alveolar morphology), reniform (with mesial apicobasal sulcus) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FBC8FA76FB7EF9AD" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[1116,1204,1515,1540]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FBC8FA76FB7EF9AD" box="[1116,1204,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE0FD978FCC8F997FC1EF98D" box="[860,980,1546,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE0FD978FCC8F997FC1EF98D" box="[860,980,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as is m
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE0FD978FBB3F996FB9AF98D" box="[1063,1104,1546,1573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352654ADE0FD971FD2FF9B7FD4DF98C" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="23" pageNumber="232" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE0FD977FD2FF9B7FE43FE39" blockId="23.[674,1212,216,1699]" lastBlockId="24.[113,648,216,401]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="23" pageNumber="232">
|
||
As noted already in this section, there is variation in size, shape, and section of any particular tooth. In addition to these general dental characteristic, there is also variation in the occlusal surface and features of the teeth. This is easily apparent in MPM-PV 3401, in which features such as size, shape, and height of cusps and crests differ between left and right side teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE00D977FEBEFEAAFE6AFEF8" box="[298,416,311,337]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FD9DFEAAFF67FED8" author="BARGO M. S. & VIZCAINO S. F. & KAY R. F." pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="870 - 880" refId="ref28968" refString="BARGO M. S., VIZCAINO S. F. & KAY R. F. 2009. - Predominance of orthal masticatory movements in the Early Miocene Eucholaeops (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) and other megatherioid sloths. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 870 - 880." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Bargo
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FDC6FEA5FD42FEF8" box="[594,648,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2G). These differences do not appear to be related to preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE00D977FFE5FE28FEF4FE66" blockId="24.[113,318,437,495]" box="[113,318,437,463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FFE5FE28FEF4FE66" box="[113,318,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Postcranial Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE00D977FFE5FE48FEE0FE46" blockId="24.[113,318,437,495]" box="[113,298,469,495]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">
|
||
See
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE00D977FF08FE48FEECFE46" box="[156,294,469,495]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="24.[113,124,1521,1539]" captionStartId-1="26.[677,687,975,993]" captionStartId-2="28.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionStartId-3="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox-0="[689,1189,227,1578]" captionTargetBox-1="[679,1181,215,912]" captionTargetBox-2="[681,1205,214,1598]" captionTargetBox-3="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId-0="figure-334@24.[688,1217,215,1629]" captionTargetId-1="figure-496@26.[678,1207,206,942]" captionTargetId-2="figure-373@28.[680,1209,212,1626]" captionTargetId-3="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionTargetPageId-3="30" captionText-0="FIG. 8. — Forelimb long bone elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887:A-C, right humerus (MPM-PV 3401,neotype) in anterior (A), medial (B) and posterior (C) views (proximal towards top); D-F, left radius (MPM-PV 3451) in anterior (D), lateral (E) and posterior (F) views (proximal towards top); G-I, right humerus (FMNH P13125) in anterior (G), medial (H), and posterior (I) views (proximal towards top).Abbreviations:bg, bicipital groove;bt, bicipital tuberosity;ca, capitulum;das, distal articular surface;dps, del- topectoral shelf; enc, entepicondylar crest; enf, entepicondylar foramen; ecp, ectepicondyle (lateral epicondyle); enp, entepicondyle (medial epicondyle); gt, greater tubercle; he, head; lt, lesser tubercle; ne, neck; supr, supinator ridge; tr, trochlea. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 9.— Manus elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887: A, B, L manus elements of MPM-PV 3401 (neotype) in dorsal and medial views respectively (proximal towards top); C, D, partial R and L manus respectively of FMNH P13125 (proximal towards top). Abbreviations:lun, lunar;mag, magnum;Mc I-Mc V, metacarpals 1 to 5; P1-P3, first-second-third phalanx, followed by Roman numeral indicating digit number; sc, scaphoid; tm, trapezium; td, trapezoid; unc, unciform. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 10. — Hind limb long bones of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R femur in anterior, posterior, and distal views respectively (proximal towards top in A, B; anterior towards top in C); D, E, R tibia and fibula in anterior and posterior views respectively (proximal towards top). Abbreviations: gt, greater trochanter; he, head; lac, lateral articular condyle; mac, medial articular condyle; pt, patellar trochlea; tt, third trochanter. Scale bar: 5 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4819465" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538415" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538417" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4819465/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4538415/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4538417/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Figures 8-11</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE00D977FFE5FD88FE4DFD86" blockId="24.[111,648,533,1478]" box="[113,391,533,559]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FFE5FD88FE4DFD86" box="[113,391,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">
|
||
Humerus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE00D977FF74FD88FED7FD86" box="[224,285,533,559]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[113,124,1521,1539]" captionTargetBox="[689,1189,227,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-334@24.[688,1217,215,1629]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 8. — Forelimb long bone elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887:A-C, right humerus (MPM-PV 3401,neotype) in anterior (A), medial (B) and posterior (C) views (proximal towards top); D-F, left radius (MPM-PV 3451) in anterior (D), lateral (E) and posterior (F) views (proximal towards top); G-I, right humerus (FMNH P13125) in anterior (G), medial (H), and posterior (I) views (proximal towards top).Abbreviations:bg, bicipital groove;bt, bicipital tuberosity;ca, capitulum;das, distal articular surface;dps, del- topectoral shelf; enc, entepicondylar crest; enf, entepicondylar foramen; ecp, ectepicondyle (lateral epicondyle); enp, entepicondyle (medial epicondyle); gt, greater tubercle; he, head; lt, lesser tubercle; ne, neck; supr, supinator ridge; tr, trochlea. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4819465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4819465/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C, G-I)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE00D977FFE5FDA9FD42FA6C" blockId="24.[111,648,533,1478]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">
|
||
The humerus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FEB0FDA9FE2BFDE7" box="[292,481,564,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FEB0FDA9FE2BFDE7" box="[292,481,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from MPM-PV 3401, FMNH P13125 (measurements for these are given at the end of this section), and MACN-A 6414 (see Discussion). The humerus has a proximal, subcylindrical proximal portion that widens markedly into a flattened distal portion, which, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FEDDFD6EFDFDFCA4" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[329,567,754,781]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE3BFD6EFE29FCA5" box="[431,483,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, occurs in nearly all sloths except mylodontids.The head is well exposed between the tubercles in anterior view as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FF32FCCFFDD5FCC5" authority="Matthew, 1931" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1931" box="[166,543,849,876]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FF32FCCFFEB3FCC2" box="[166,377,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Acratocnus antillensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FEEBFCCCFDD5FCC5" author="MATTHEW W. D." box="[383,543,849,876]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref31387" refString="MATTHEW W. D. 1931. - Genera and new species of ground sloths from the Pleistocene of Cuba. American Museum Novitates 511: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1931">Matthew, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FDB8FCCCFF16FC22" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." pageId="24" pageNumber="233" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FFE5FCEFFF55FC22" box="[113,159,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FF7FFCECFE95FC22" box="[235,351,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FF7FFCECFE95FC22" box="[235,351,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FEFFFCEFFE76FC22" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[363,444,882,907]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FEFFFCEFFE76FC22" box="[363,444,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FE53FCECFDB5FC22" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[455,639,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE53FCECFDB5FC22" box="[455,639,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Hapalops elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FFE5FC0CFF36FC02" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[113,252,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FFE5FC0CFF36FC02" box="[113,252,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FEAFFC0CFE1BFC02" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[315,465,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FEAFFC0CFE1BFC02" box="[315,465,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Nothrotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it is less evident in anterior view in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FEA5FC2CFEAFFC42" authority="Anthony, 1916" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odontrigonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FEA5FC2CFDEAFC63" box="[305,544,944,971]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Acratocnus odontrigonus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FDB1FC2DFF6DFC43" author="ANTHONY H. E." pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="193 - 203" refId="ref28809" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1916. - Preliminary report on fossil mammals from Porto Rico, with descriptions of a new genus of ground sloth and two new genera of hystricomorph rodents. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 27: 193 - 203." type="journal article" year="1916">Anthony, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FF23FC4DFE96FC42" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[183,348,976,1003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FEE6FC4DFE2BFC43" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[370,481,976,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FEE6FC4DFE2BFC43" box="[370,481,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FE67FC4CFD85FC43" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[499,591,977,1002]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE67FC4CFD85FC43" box="[499,591,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FFE7FC6DFECCFBA3" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[115,262,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FFE7FC6DFECCFBA3" box="[115,262,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it is more exposed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FDDCFC6CFF64FB80" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FDDCFC6CFF64FB80" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FF4BFB92FEB0FB80" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[223,378,1039,1065]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FE10FB92FD82FB83" author="CARTELLE C. & DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F." box="[388,584,1039,1066]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="335 - 346" refId="ref29575" refString="CARTELLE C., DE IULIIS G. & PUJOS F. 2008. - A new species of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Quaternary of Poco Azul (Bahia, Brazil). Comptes Rendus Palevol 7: 335 - 346." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cartelle
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE4FFB8DFDC1FB80" box="[475,523,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FDC6FB8DFE4AFBE3" author="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. & DE" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref31417" refString="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. (DE) 1959. - The Cuban Edentates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Matthew & Paula Couto 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FE26FBB2FDB1FBE0" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[434,635,1071,1097]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FD9BFBADFDF4FBE0" box="[527,574,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The tubercles are widely separated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FE65FBCDFD80FBC0" box="[497,586,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE65FBCDFDCAFBC0" box="[497,512,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FD99FBCDFD80FBC0" box="[525,586,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as in the sloths mentioned above, with the lesser tubercle larger than the greater tubercle, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FE72FB13FD89FB01" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[486,579,1166,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE72FB13FD89FB01" box="[486,579,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FDDBFB13FF66FB61" author="SCOTT W. B." pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 41). The tubercles are subequal in the megalonychids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FE86FB53FEB7FB41" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[274,381,1230,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE86FB53FEB7FB41" box="[274,381,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FE1DFB50FDCAFB4E" box="[393,512,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE1DFB50FDCAFB4E" box="[393,512,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FD98FB50FD4AFB4E" box="[524,640,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FD98FB50FD4AFB4E" box="[524,640,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FFE5FB73FF0EFAAE" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[113,196,1262,1287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FFE5FB73FF0EFAAE" box="[113,196,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the nothrotheriids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FE52FB70FD9BFAAE" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[454,593,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE52FB70FD9BFAAE" box="[454,593,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FDCBFB73FF29FA8E" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FDCBFB73FF29FA8E" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FF7AFA90FEAFFA81" author="STOCK C." box="[238,357,1293,1320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl.8;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FE36FA90FD85FA81" author="MCDONALD H. G." box="[418,591,1293,1320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="95 - 104" refId="ref31495" refString="MCDONALD H. G. 1985. - The shasta ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis (Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) in the Middle Pleistocene of Florida, in MONTGOMERY G. G. (ed.), The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths, and Vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC: 95 - 104." type="book chapter" year="1985">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7651DE00D977FE36FA90FDD9FA8E" box="[418,531,1293,1319]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">McDonald</collectingCountry>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FFFBFAB0FEC8FAEE" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[111,258,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FFFBFAB0FEC8FAEE" box="[111,258,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Nothrotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FE9BFAB0FE78FAEE" author="REINHARDT J." box="[271,434,1325,1351]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="257 - 349" refId="ref32774" refString="REINHARDT J. 1878. - [The giant ground sloth genus Coelodon] Kaempedovendyr-slaegten Coelodon. Videnskabelige Selskabs Skrifter, 5 Raekke Naturvidenskabelig Og Mathematisk Afd. 12: 257 - 349." type="journal article" year="1878">Reinhardt1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; GDI pers.obs.).The greater tubercle projects farther proximally than the lesser tubercle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FEB7FAF0FEB7FA2F" box="[291,381,1389,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FEB7FAF0FEF8FA2F" box="[291,306,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FED4FAF0FEB7FA2F" box="[320,381,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FD9DFAF1FD4AFA2F" box="[521,640,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FD9DFAF1FD4AFA2F" box="[521,640,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FFE5FA11FF17FA0F" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[113,221,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FFE5FA11FF17FA0F" box="[113,221,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FF78FA11FE8FFA0C" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[236,325,1420,1445]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FF78FA11FE8FFA0C" box="[236,325,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FE10FA11FDD1FA0F" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[388,539,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE10FA11FDD1FA0F" box="[388,539,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">Nothrotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and as is usual in sloths neither tubercle projects more proxi-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE00D977FC82FF4AFC9FFF42" box="[790,853,215,235]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">bg he</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376649DE00D977FFE5FA6CFB7BF90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4819465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4819465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4819465/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" startId="24.[113,124,1521,1539]" subCaptionStartIDs="24.[306,423,1634,1652]" subCaptionStarts="Abbr" targetBox="[689,1189,227,1578]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE00D977FFE5FA6CFB7BF90B" blockId="24.[113,1209,1521,1698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">
|
||
FIG. 8. — Forelimb long bone elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE00D977FE4FFA6CFF36F9B3" authority="Ameghino,1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
Eucholoeops ingens
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE00D977FFE5F995FF36F9B3" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[113,252,1544,1562]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino,1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE96F995FEEEF9B0" bold="true" box="[258,292,1543,1562]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, right humerus (MPM-PV 3401,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F38863DE00D977FDBFF995FDA5F9B3" box="[555,623,1544,1562]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) in anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FF2FF983FF02F999" bold="true" box="[187,200,1566,1584]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">A</emphasis>
|
||
), medial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE83F983FEEEF999" bold="true" box="[279,292,1566,1584]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE33F983FE7FF999" bold="true" box="[423,437,1566,1584]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views (proximal towards top);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FF0AF9A8FF75F9EE" bold="true" box="[158,191,1589,1607]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">D -F</emphasis>
|
||
, left radius (MPM-PV 3451) in anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FD83F9A8FDEFF9EE" bold="true" box="[535,549,1589,1607]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">D</emphasis>
|
||
), lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FDE1F9A8FD4BF9EE" bold="true" box="[629,641,1589,1607]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">E</emphasis>
|
||
) and posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FF7FF9D1FF3CF9F7" bold="true" box="[235,246,1612,1630]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">F</emphasis>
|
||
) views (proximal towards top);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE6FF9D6FDDDF9F7" bold="true" box="[507,535,1611,1630]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">G -I</emphasis>
|
||
, right humerus (FMNH P13125) in anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FC10F9D6FC58F9F4" bold="true" box="[900,914,1611,1629]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">G</emphasis>
|
||
), medial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FC77F9D1FC3BF9F7" bold="true" box="[995,1009,1612,1630]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">H</emphasis>
|
||
), and posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FBEEF9D1FB4AF9F7" bold="true" box="[1146,1152,1612,1630]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">I</emphasis>
|
||
) views (proximal towards top).Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE39F9FFFE0EF9DD" bold="true" box="[429,452,1634,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">bg</emphasis>
|
||
, bicipital groove;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FDC0F9FFFDACF9DD" bold="true" box="[596,614,1634,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">bt</emphasis>
|
||
, bicipital tuberosity;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FC9BF9FFFCEEF9DD" bold="true" box="[783,804,1634,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">ca</emphasis>
|
||
, capitulum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FC1CF9FFFC62F9DD" bold="true" box="[904,936,1634,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">das</emphasis>
|
||
, distal articular surface;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FBFBF9FFFB5AF9DD" bold="true" box="[1135,1168,1634,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">dps</emphasis>
|
||
, del- topectoral shelf;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FF68F9E4FED6F922" bold="true" box="[252,284,1657,1675]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">enc</emphasis>
|
||
, entepicondylar crest;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE4EF9E4FE3CF922" bold="true" box="[474,502,1657,1675]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">enf</emphasis>
|
||
, entepicondylar foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FD5BF9E4FD3AF922" bold="true" box="[719,752,1657,1675]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">ecp</emphasis>
|
||
, ectepicondyle (lateral epicondyle);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FB8DF9E4FBF0F922" bold="true" box="[1049,1082,1657,1675]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">enp</emphasis>
|
||
, entepicondyle (medial epicondyle);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE89F90DFEE5F90B" bold="true" box="[285,303,1680,1698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">gt</emphasis>
|
||
, greater tubercle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FE53F90DFE17F90B" bold="true" box="[455,477,1680,1698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">he</emphasis>
|
||
, head;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FD8FF90DFDECF90B" bold="true" box="[539,550,1680,1698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">lt</emphasis>
|
||
, lesser tubercle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FD21F90DFD01F90B" bold="true" box="[693,715,1680,1698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">ne</emphasis>
|
||
, neck;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FC9CF90DFCFAF90B" bold="true" box="[776,816,1680,1698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">supr</emphasis>
|
||
, supinator ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE00D977FC56F90DFC1AF90B" bold="true" box="[962,976,1680,1698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="233">tr</emphasis>
|
||
, trochlea. Scale bar:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE00D977FB14F90DFB67F90B" box="[1152,1197,1680,1698]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE01D976FFE5FF45FDCBFE19" blockId="25.[111,647,216,432]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">
|
||
mally than the head (one exception being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FD8AFF44FDBCFF5B" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[542,630,217,242]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD8AFF44FDBCFF5B" box="[542,630,217,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FF19FF65FE97FEB8" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1931" box="[141,349,247,274]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF19FF65FE97FEB8" box="[141,349,247,274]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Acratocnus antillensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FEFCFF6AFE39FEB8" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[360,499,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FEFCFF6AFE39FEB8" box="[360,499,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FDB7FF6AFDB5FEB8" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[547,639,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FDB7FF6AFDB5FEB8" box="[547,639,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lesser tubercle projects slightly farther proximally than the greater tubercle, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FE76FEAAFD4AFEF8" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[482,640,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odontrigonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FE76FEAAFD4AFEF8" box="[482,640,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">A. odontrigonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FFE5FECBFF2BFED9" box="[113,225,342,368]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FFE5FECBFF2BFED9" box="[113,225,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FF78FECAFEF6FED9" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[236,316,343,368]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF78FECAFEF6FED9" box="[236,316,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FEE5FECBFE35FED9" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[369,511,342,368]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FEE5FECBFE35FED9" box="[369,511,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the tubercles project to approximately the same level.The bicipital groove is broad and shallow in all taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE01D976FFE5FE48FDCCFA4C" blockId="25.[111,648,469,1510]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FFE5FE48FEAAFE46" bold="true" box="[113,352,469,495]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">The deltopectoral shelf</emphasis>
|
||
, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FE77FE4BFD4DFE46" author="DE IULIIS G." box="[483,647,469,496]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="68 - 78" refId="ref29734" refString="DE IULIIS G. 2003. - Toward a morphofunctional understanding of the humerus of Megatheriinae: the identity and homology of some diaphyseal humeral features (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83: 68 - 78." type="journal article" year="2003">De Iuliis (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FF08FE68FEB4FDA6" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[156,382,501,527]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF69FE6BFEE4FDA6" box="[253,302,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is a raised, flattened, and distally tapered structure on the central third of the anterior diaphyseal surface of many sloths. The shelf is defined laterally by the deltoid ridge and medially by the pectoral ridge. The latter begins just distal to the medial margin of the greater tubercle.The deltoid ridge begins laterally on the diaphyseal surface, just distal to the greater tubercle.The ridges become more pronounced distally, converging to form a strongly raised triangular eminence.The deltopectoral shelf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FFFBFCAFFEE6FCE5" box="[111,300,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FFFBFCAFFEE6FCE5" box="[111,300,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MPM-PV 3401;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE01D976FE7BFCAFFDE2FCE5" box="[495,552,818,844]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[113,124,1521,1539]" captionTargetBox="[689,1189,227,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-334@24.[688,1217,215,1629]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 8. — Forelimb long bone elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887:A-C, right humerus (MPM-PV 3401,neotype) in anterior (A), medial (B) and posterior (C) views (proximal towards top); D-F, left radius (MPM-PV 3451) in anterior (D), lateral (E) and posterior (F) views (proximal towards top); G-I, right humerus (FMNH P13125) in anterior (G), medial (H), and posterior (I) views (proximal towards top).Abbreviations:bg, bicipital groove;bt, bicipital tuberosity;ca, capitulum;das, distal articular surface;dps, del- topectoral shelf; enc, entepicondylar crest; enf, entepicondylar foramen; ecp, ectepicondyle (lateral epicondyle); enp, entepicondyle (medial epicondyle); gt, greater tubercle; he, head; lt, lesser tubercle; ne, neck; supr, supinator ridge; tr, trochlea. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4819465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4819465/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C) is a well-developed and prominently raised structure, as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FF60FCECFDEDFC22" authority="(De Iuliis et al. 2011)" baseAuthorityName="De Iuliis" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[244,551,881,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF60FCECFE85FC22" box="[244,335,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FEC8FCECFDD5FC22" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[348,543,881,907]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FE22FCEFFE2EFC22" box="[438,484,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the ridges are strongly raised into crests and flared.The position of the shelf in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FEF4FC2CFE77FC63" box="[352,445,945,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FEF4FC2CFEBAFC63" box="[352,368,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FEEBFC2CFE77FC63" box="[383,445,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies just more than the lateral half of the diaphysis, approximately as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FF36FC6DFE97FBA3" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[162,349,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF36FC6DFE97FBA3" box="[162,349,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Hapalops elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH P13133 and YPM- VPPU 15160) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FED0FB8DFE13FB80" box="[324,473,1040,1066]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruetimeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FED0FB8DFE93FB80" box="[324,345,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FEFCFB8DFE13FB80" box="[360,473,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">ruetimeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 9250;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FFE5FBB2FF2DFBE0" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[113,231,1071,1097]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pls 41, figs 4 and 42, fig. 4, respectively, illustrated the YPM-VPPU and AMNH specimens) whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FF73FBF2FEABFB21" box="[231,353,1134,1161]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF73FBF2FF36FB21" box="[231,252,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FE9DFBF3FEABFB21" box="[265,353,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(YPM-VPPU 15523;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FDC4FBF2FF61FB01" author="SCOTT W. B." pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 32, fig. 2) the shelf nearly covers the entire anterior diaphyseal surface. Among megalonychids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FFFBFB53FF04FB4E" box="[111,206,1230,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FFFBFB53FFB5FB4E" box="[111,127,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF04FB53FF04FB4E" box="[144,206,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles, in the form and extent of the shelf,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FF3DFB73FF33FAAE" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[169,249,1262,1287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF3DFB73FF33FAAE" box="[169,249,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FEBCFB70FE52FAAE" box="[296,408,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FEBCFB70FE52FAAE" box="[296,408,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(though in the latter the shelf is wider distally), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FE3AFA90FDD0FA8E" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[430,538,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FE3AFA90FDD0FA8E" box="[430,538,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles more the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FED8FAB0FE0AFAEE" box="[332,448,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FED8FAB0FEABFAEF" box="[332,353,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FEF9FAB0FE0AFAEE" box="[365,448,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FE5FFAB0FDEBFAEF" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[459,545,1325,1350]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FE5FFAB0FDEBFAEF" box="[459,545,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FFFBFAD0FF04FACF" box="[111,206,1357,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FFFBFAD0FFB5FACF" box="[111,127,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF04FAD0FF04FACF" box="[144,206,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the shelf ends farther proximally. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FFE7FAF1FF23FA2F" box="[115,233,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FFE7FAF1FF23FA2F" box="[115,233,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the shelf is not as raised, owing to weaker ridges that do not project beyond the margins of the diaphysis, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FEB7FA36FE5AFA6C" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[291,400,1451,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FEB7FA36FE5AFA6C" box="[291,400,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the shelf is less raised as well, owing to a weaker pectoral ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE01D976FFE5F996FBE6FCA5" blockId="25.[112,646,1546,1700]" lastBlockId="25.[675,1211,216,781]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FFE5F996FE89F98D" bold="true" box="[113,323,1546,1573]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">The supinator ridge</emphasis>
|
||
extends proximally almost vertically from the ectepicondyle, and forms a distinct angle to continue proximomedially. This resembles the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FE8FF9F7FE4CF92D" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[283,390,1642,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FE8FF9F7FE4CF92D" box="[283,390,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FE06F9F4FDC3F92A" box="[402,521,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FE06F9F4FDC3F92A" box="[402,521,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FD80F9F4FDB5F92A" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[532,639,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD80F9F4FDB5F92A" box="[532,639,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FF35F917FF3DF90A" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[161,247,1674,1699]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FF35F917FF3DF90A" box="[161,247,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the vertical portion is shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FD31FF44FCCEFF5B" box="[677,772,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD31FF44FD7FFF5B" box="[677,693,217,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD50FF44FCCEFF5B" box="[708,772,217,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FCA8FF45FC7DFF5B" box="[828,951,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FCA8FF45FC7DFF5B" box="[828,951,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is notably elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FD54FF65FCE5FEBB" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[704,815,248,274]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD54FF65FCE5FEBB" box="[704,815,248,274]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FCF7FF65FC73FEB8" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[867,953,248,273]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FCF7FF65FC73FEB8" box="[867,953,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FB9CFF65FB73FEB8" box="[1032,1209,248,274]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FB9CFF65FB73FEB8" box="[1032,1209,248,274]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Acratocnus major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FC22FE85FB95FE98" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[950,1119,279,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odontrigonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FC22FE85FB95FE98" box="[950,1119,279,306]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">A. odontrigonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FD65FEAAFBC6FEF8" author="WHITE J. L. & MACPHEE R. D. E." box="[753,1036,311,337]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="201 - 236" refId="ref33791" refString="WHITE J. L. & MACPHEE R. D. E. 2001. - The sloths of the West Indies: a systematic and phylogenetic review, in WOODS C. A. & SERGILE F. E. (eds), Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives. CRC Press, Boca Raton: 201 - 236." type="book chapter" year="2001">White & MacPhee 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) it is especially prominent, forming a robust hook-like proximal extension (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FCB6FEEBFC05FE39" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[802,975,374,400]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 49, fig. 2a). The ridge is somewhat less prominent and more sloped proximomedially in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FCECFE28FC24FE66" box="[888,1006,437,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FCECFE28FC24FE66" box="[888,1006,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FBB4FE2BFBB1FE66" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[1056,1147,438,463]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FBB4FE2BFBB1FE66" box="[1056,1147,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a distinct angle is not present. The entepicondyle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FD31FE6BFCC9FDA6" box="[677,771,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD31FE6BFD7FFDA6" box="[677,693,502,527]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD57FE6BFCC9FDA6" box="[707,771,502,527]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is drawn proximomedially into a robust process, resembling that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FC29FD88FBE0FD86" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[957,1066,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FC29FD88FBE0FD86" box="[957,1066,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FBCFFD88FB73FD86" box="[1115,1209,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FBCFFD88FB73FD86" box="[1115,1209,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in forming a small proximal protuberance, as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FC9DFDC9FC40FDC7" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[777,906,596,622]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott (1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 32, fig. 2); but caution is necessary, as in many cases the humeri illustrated by Scott, and indeed other skeletal elements, have at least some reconstruction, whereas his illustrations disguise this fact and give the false impression of being based on complete specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE01D976FD31FCAEFC1FFCE5" blockId="25.[675,1212,818,1003]" box="[677,981,818,844]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD31FCAEFC1FFCE5" box="[677,981,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Measurements of the humerus</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE01D976FD31FCCFFC2EFC42" blockId="25.[675,1212,818,1003]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD31FCCFFC9DFCC2" bold="true" box="[677,855,849,876]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">MPM-PV 3401.</emphasis>
|
||
Greatest length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE01D976FB93FCCFFBAEFCC5" box="[1031,1124,850,876]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="201.0">201 mm</quantity>
|
||
; anteroposterior/transverse diameter of humeral head: 30/
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE01D976FD58FC0CFCD4FC02" box="[716,798,913,939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maximal width of deltopectoral shelf:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE01D976FD31FC2CFD3EFC62" box="[677,756,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
; diaphyseal thickness at deltopectoral shelf:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE01D976FD37FC4DFD3FFC42" box="[675,757,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
; distal width:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE01D976FC19FC4DFC2AFC42" box="[909,992,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE01D976FD31FB8DFBB4FB83" blockId="25.[677,1150,1039,1066]" box="[677,1150,1039,1066]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD31FB8DFCAAFB80" bold="true" box="[677,864,1039,1066]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">FMNH P13125.</emphasis>
|
||
Greatest length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE01D976FB8DFB8DFBB0FB83" box="[1049,1146,1040,1066]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.91" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="191.0">191 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE01D976FD31FBD2FCA4FBC0" blockId="25.[675,1212,1103,1700]" box="[677,878,1103,1129]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD31FBD2FCA4FBC0" box="[677,878,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Radius (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE01D976FD6FFBD2FCF3FBC0" box="[763,825,1103,1129]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D-F)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE01D975FD31FBF3FEE4FA8E" blockId="25.[675,1212,1103,1700]" lastBlockId="26.[112,648,216,1319]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">
|
||
The radius of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FCD7FBF3FBC1FB21" box="[835,1035,1134,1160]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FCD7FBF3FBC1FB21" box="[835,1035,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from MPM-PV 3451 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE01D976FCF5FB13FC54FB00" box="[865,926,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D-F) and FMNH P13125 (measurements given at the end of this section). The head is strongly inclined distomedially, approximately as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FCE7FB73FBB6FAAE" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[883,1148,1261,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odontrigonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FCE7FB73FBB6FAAE" box="[883,1148,1261,1288]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Acratocnus odontrigonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FB19FB70FCE5FA8E" author="ANTHONY H. E." pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 48, fig. 5),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FC7EFA90FB73FA8E" box="[1002,1209,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FC7EFA90FB73FA8E" box="[1002,1209,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Hapalops longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FD38FAB0FCE4FAEE" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[684,814,1325,1351]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 32, fig. 3), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FB8DFAB0FB73FAEF" box="[1049,1209,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruetimeyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FB8DFAB0FBE5FAEF" box="[1049,1071,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FBD4FAB0FB73FAEF" box="[1088,1209,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">ruetimeyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FD38FAD1FC9DFACF" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[684,855,1356,1382]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 6). The head is less steeply inclined in other megalonychids (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FBAEFAF1FB7EFA2F" box="[1082,1204,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FBAEFAF1FB7EFA2F" box="[1082,1204,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FD31FA11FCD7FA0F" box="[677,797,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD31FA11FCD7FA0F" box="[677,797,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FCBDFA11FC52FA0F" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[809,920,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FCBDFA11FC52FA0F" box="[809,920,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FC46FA11FBE4FA0C" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[978,1070,1420,1445]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FC46FA11FBE4FA0C" box="[978,1070,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The neck is short and slightly constricted. The bicipital tuberosity is prominent; its position is approximately as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FD77FA76FCF0F9AD" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[739,826,1515,1540]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FD77FA76FCF0F9AD" box="[739,826,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FCE1FA76FB9CF9AC" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1931" box="[885,1110,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FCE1FA76FB9CF9AC" box="[885,1110,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">Acratocnus antillensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it is farther distal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE01D976FC15F996FBE9F98D" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[897,1059,1546,1573]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odontrigonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FC15F996FC5AF98C" box="[897,912,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FC09F997FBE9F98D" box="[925,1059,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">odontrigonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FBCDF997FD14F9ED" author="ANTHONY H. E." pageId="25" pageNumber="234" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE01D976FD72F9B7FC72F9ED" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[742,952,1578,1604]" pageId="25" pageNumber="234" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE01D976FCD2F9B6FCB2F9ED" box="[838,888,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The tuberosity projects mainly posteriorly. Distal to the tuberosity the diaphysis extends gently distomedially to just past its midlength, and then continues more nearly distally. This produces a prominent bend in the diaphysis, so that the distal end is offset medially with respect to the proximal end (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE02D975FEEBFE85FD96FE98" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[383,604,279,306]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FE71FE85FDD3FE98" box="[485,537,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as occurs in many sloths (e.g., some megalonychids and megatheriines), although in other sloths the bend is very slight – e.g., in the megalonychids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FFE7FE0BFF2EFE19" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[115,228,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FFE7FE0BFF2EFE19" box="[115,228,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FE8BFE0AFEB6FE19" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[287,380,407,432]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FE8BFE0AFEB6FE19" box="[287,380,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the proximal and distal ends are essentially aligned longitudinally. The position of the bend also varies. For example, it occurs in about the same position as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FD9BFE6BFDA1FDA6" box="[527,619,502,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FD9BFE6BFDA1FDA6" box="[527,619,502,527]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">E. ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FFE4FD88FF26FD86" box="[112,236,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FFE4FD88FF26FD86" box="[112,236,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FF68FD88FEA6FD86" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[252,364,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FF68FD88FEA6FD86" box="[252,364,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FE3FFD88FDC6FD86" box="[427,524,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FE3FFD88FDC6FD86" box="[427,524,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but much farther proximally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FEC9FDA8FE07FDE6" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[349,461,565,591]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FEC9FDA8FE07FDE6" box="[349,461,565,591]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FD92FDA9FDB5FDE7" box="[518,639,564,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FD92FDA9FDB5FDE7" box="[518,639,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and farther distally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FECCFDC8FE67FDC7" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[344,429,597,622]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FECCFDC8FE67FDC7" box="[344,429,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The medial diaphyseal surface bears an angle at this position, which is associated with the prominent medial muscular scar, probably for the insertion of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FD9EFD29FF56FD45" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">m. pronator teres</emphasis>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FF50FD4EFE4BFD45" box="[196,385,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FF50FD4EFE4BFD45" box="[196,385,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FE55FD4EFDF0FD44" box="[449,570,723,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FE55FD4EFDF0FD44" box="[449,570,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FDD1FD4EFF62FCA5" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FDD1FD4EFF62FCA5" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FF7CFD6EFEF4FCA5" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[232,318,755,780]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FF7CFD6EFEF4FCA5" box="[232,318,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this angle is fairly gradual or rounded, but it is much more abrupt in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FD85FC8FFD4DFC85" box="[529,647,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FD85FC8FFD4DFC85" box="[529,647,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FF35FCAFFEC8FCE5" box="[161,258,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FF35FCAFFEC8FCE5" box="[161,258,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Apparently, this character varies in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FFE5FCCFFEA7FCC2" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[113,365,849,876]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odontrigonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FFE5FCCFFEA7FCC2" box="[113,365,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Acratocnus odontrigonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE02D975FE74FCCCFD49FCC2" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[480,643,849,875]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 72 and pl. 48, fig. 5a). Distally from this angle the lateral and medial margins extend nearly parallel to each other to the distal articular surface, as is typical among sloths. The distal articular surface is extensive and concave for articulation with the proximal carpals, and faces more distally whereas in other Santacrucian sloths, it faces more distolaterally. The diaphysis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FE1EFBCDFE22FBC0" box="[394,488,1104,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FE1EFBCDFE22FBC0" box="[394,488,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">E. ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also curved, bowing anteriorly. The two specimens differ in degree of curvature, with that in MPM-PV 3451 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE02D975FFEDFB33FF73FB60" box="[121,185,1198,1225]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[158,1183,216,1503]" captionTargetId="figure-25@18.[113,1209,207,1621]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 6. — Dentaries of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, MPM-PV 3401: A, B, neotype; C-F, FMNH P13125; A, C, D, occlusal views; B, E, F, lateral views. Abbreviations: anp, angular process; c1, lower caniniform tooth; condp, condyloid process; corp, coro- noid process; emef, external mental foramen; hrm, horizontal ramus; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; m1-m3, lower molariform teeth; pc1d, pre-c1 depression; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538409/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D-F) being less prominent. However, it is not clear that this represents intraspecific variation, as the diaphysis of FMNH P13125 is more heavily damaged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376649DE02D975FD31FC52FBE8FBD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538415/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" startId="26.[677,687,975,993]" targetBox="[679,1181,215,912]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE02D975FD31FC52FBE8FBD6" blockId="26.[676,1211,975,1151]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">
|
||
FIG. 9.— Manus elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FC1EFC52FB72FC48" authority="Ameghino, 1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[906,1208,975,993]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FC1EFC52FBE7FC48" box="[906,1069,975,993]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE02D975FBA5FC52FB72FC48" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[1073,1208,975,993]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino,1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FD30FC78FD7BFC5E" bold="true" box="[676,689,997,1015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FD2FFC78FD02FC5E" bold="true" box="[699,712,997,1015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">B</emphasis>
|
||
, L manus elements of MPM-PV 3401 (neotype) in dorsal and medial views respectively (proximal towards top);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FBD7FC61FB9BFBA7" bold="true" box="[1091,1105,1020,1038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FBCFFC61FBA3FBA7" bold="true" box="[1115,1129,1020,1038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">D</emphasis>
|
||
, partial R and L manus respectively of FMNH P13125 (proximal towards top). Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FC8AFBB4FCF3FB92" bold="true" box="[798,825,1065,1083]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">lun</emphasis>
|
||
, lunar;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FCE7FBB4FC50FB92" bold="true" box="[883,922,1065,1083]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">mag</emphasis>
|
||
, magnum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FC60FBB4FB81FB92" bold="true" box="[1012,1099,1065,1083]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Mc I -Mc V</emphasis>
|
||
, metacarpals 1 to 5;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FD70FBDDFCD1FBFB" bold="true" box="[740,795,1088,1106]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">P1-P3</emphasis>
|
||
, first-second-third phalanx, followed by Roman numeral indicating digit number;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FC55FBCAFC1CFBC0" bold="true" box="[961,982,1111,1129]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">sc</emphasis>
|
||
, scaphoid;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FBA8FBCAFB9EFBC0" bold="true" box="[1084,1108,1111,1129]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">tm</emphasis>
|
||
, trapezium;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FD31FBF0FD7DFBD6" bold="true" box="[677,695,1133,1151]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">td</emphasis>
|
||
, trapezoid;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FC8DFBF0FCF0FBD6" bold="true" box="[793,826,1133,1151]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">unc</emphasis>
|
||
, unciform. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE02D975FFE5FAD0FE42FACF" blockId="26.[111,647,1356,1510]" box="[113,392,1356,1382]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FFE5FAD0FE42FACF" box="[113,392,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Measurements of the radius</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE02D975FFE5FAF1FD4DFA4F" blockId="26.[111,647,1356,1510]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FFE5FAF1FEEEFA2F" bold="true" box="[113,292,1388,1414]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">MPM-PV 3401.</emphasis>
|
||
Greatest length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE02D975FE40FAF1FDFBFA2E" box="[468,561,1388,1415]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="164.0">164 mm</quantity>
|
||
, anteroposterior/transverse diameter of radial head: 20/
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE02D975FF02FA36FF29FA6F" box="[150,227,1451,1478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
; minimal width at neck:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE02D975FE48FA36FDE0FA6F" box="[476,554,1451,1478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width at pronator teres process:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE02D975FECCFA56FE62FA4F" box="[344,424,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
; distal width:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE02D975FDA1FA56FD49FA4F" box="[565,643,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE02D975FFE5F996FD80F98C" blockId="26.[113,586,1546,1573]" box="[113,586,1546,1573]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FFE5F996FEE6F98D" bold="true" box="[113,300,1546,1573]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">FMNH P13125.</emphasis>
|
||
Greatest length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE02D975FE72F997FD8DF98C" box="[486,583,1546,1573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" unit="mm" value="164.0">164 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE02D975FFE5F9D6FEC5F9CD" blockId="26.[113,646,1610,1700]" box="[113,271,1610,1636]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FFE5F9D6FEC5F9CD" box="[113,271,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">
|
||
Manus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE02D975FF5DF9D7FECDF9CD" box="[201,263,1610,1636]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[677,687,975,993]" captionTargetBox="[679,1181,215,912]" captionTargetId="figure-496@26.[678,1207,206,942]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 9.— Manus elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887: A, B, L manus elements of MPM-PV 3401 (neotype) in dorsal and medial views respectively (proximal towards top); C, D, partial R and L manus respectively of FMNH P13125 (proximal towards top). Abbreviations:lun, lunar;mag, magnum;Mc I-Mc V, metacarpals 1 to 5; P1-P3, first-second-third phalanx, followed by Roman numeral indicating digit number; sc, scaphoid; tm, trapezium; td, trapezoid; unc, unciform. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538415/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE02D975FFE5F9F4FD4CF90A" blockId="26.[113,646,1610,1700]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">
|
||
The manus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FE82F9F4FE14F92A" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[278,478,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FE82F9F4FE14F92A" box="[278,478,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is incompletely known. The carpals are known mainly from
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE02D975FC02FC11FBD6FC03" blockId="26.[918,1052,908,938]" box="[918,1052,908,938]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Mc III Mc IV</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE02D975FD33FB53FCBCF90A" blockId="26.[674,1210,1229,1700]" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">
|
||
FMNH P13125 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE02D975FCF5FB50FC1FFB41" box="[865,981,1229,1256]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[677,687,975,993]" captionTargetBox="[679,1181,215,912]" captionTargetId="figure-496@26.[678,1207,206,942]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 9.— Manus elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887: A, B, L manus elements of MPM-PV 3401 (neotype) in dorsal and medial views respectively (proximal towards top); C, D, partial R and L manus respectively of FMNH P13125 (proximal towards top). Abbreviations:lun, lunar;mag, magnum;Mc I-Mc V, metacarpals 1 to 5; P1-P3, first-second-third phalanx, followed by Roman numeral indicating digit number; sc, scaphoid; tm, trapezium; td, trapezoid; unc, unciform. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538415/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Fig. 9C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), with only the R scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, magnum, and unciform, and L lunar (this specimen may not belong to the same individual; a hand-written noted accompanying the specimen in the FMNH collections has the last digit of the specimen number, following “P1312”, blotted out and illegible; the note suggests it may belong to P13133, assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE02D975FC78FA36FB7AFA6C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1004,1200,1451,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE02D975FC78FA36FB7AFA6C" box="[1004,1200,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Hapalops elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) being reasonably complete.These elements, however, have been incorporated into plaster reconstructions of the R and L manus and are unavailable for detailed study. All the metacarpals are known. MPM- PV 3401 preserves Mcs I-III, and FMNH P13125 preserves MC III-V. Phalanges are only preserved in MPM-PV 3401.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE03D974FFE5FF45FDA2FC25" blockId="27.[111,648,216,908]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FFE5FF45FF29FF5B" bold="true" box="[113,227,216,242]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">The lunar</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FE99FF45FE10FF5B" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[269,474,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE99FF45FE10FF5B" box="[269,474,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles that typical for sloths, with a strongly convex proximal surface for articulation with the radius. Medially the lunar articulates with the scaphoid, which has a broad though similarly convex proximal articular surface. The scaphoid articulates distally with the trapezium and trapezoid and laterally with the magnum. The magnum articulates proximally with the lunar, medially with the scaphoid, as noted, and trapezoid, distally with Mc III, and laterally with the unciform. The magnum is wider distally than proximally, as occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FEE7FDA9FE28FDE7" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[371,482,564,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FEE7FDA9FE28FDE7" box="[371,482,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and nothrotheriids, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FEA1FDC9FE5FFDC7" box="[309,405,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FEA1FDC9FE5FFDC7" box="[309,405,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is wider proximally (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE03D974FF34FDE9FEB0FD27" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[160,378,628,654]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE90FDE9FEF2FD27" box="[260,312,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The unciform is deeper laterally than medially, articulating distolaterally with Mc V, distally with Mc IV, and medially with the magnum. It may also have articulated with MC III, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FE9DFD6FFEA3FCA5" box="[265,361,754,780]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE9DFD6FFEA3FCA5" box="[265,361,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE03D974FEE3FD6EFE38FCA4" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[375,498,755,781]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 33, fig.2) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FF36FC8FFEF8FC85" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[162,306,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FF36FC8FFEF8FC85" box="[162,306,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE03D974FED7FC8FFDE9FC85" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[323,547,786,812]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE3FFC8EFE2AFC85" box="[427,480,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 11), but the proximal end of Mc III is apparently incomplete in FMNH P13125 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE03D974FE26FCCCFDEFFCC5" box="[434,549,849,876]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[677,687,975,993]" captionTargetBox="[679,1181,215,912]" captionTargetId="figure-496@26.[678,1207,206,942]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 9.— Manus elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887: A, B, L manus elements of MPM-PV 3401 (neotype) in dorsal and medial views respectively (proximal towards top); C, D, partial R and L manus respectively of FMNH P13125 (proximal towards top). Abbreviations:lun, lunar;mag, magnum;Mc I-Mc V, metacarpals 1 to 5; P1-P3, first-second-third phalanx, followed by Roman numeral indicating digit number; sc, scaphoid; tm, trapezium; td, trapezoid; unc, unciform. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538415/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 9C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and not well preserved in MPM-PV 3401 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE03D974FE7CFCECFD91FC25" box="[488,603,881,908]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[677,687,975,993]" captionTargetBox="[679,1181,215,912]" captionTargetId="figure-496@26.[678,1207,206,942]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 9.— Manus elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887: A, B, L manus elements of MPM-PV 3401 (neotype) in dorsal and medial views respectively (proximal towards top); C, D, partial R and L manus respectively of FMNH P13125 (proximal towards top). Abbreviations:lun, lunar;mag, magnum;Mc I-Mc V, metacarpals 1 to 5; P1-P3, first-second-third phalanx, followed by Roman numeral indicating digit number; sc, scaphoid; tm, trapezium; td, trapezoid; unc, unciform. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538415/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE03D974FFE5FC2CFCEDFE98" blockId="27.[111,649,944,1700]" lastBlockId="27.[677,1209,216,305]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FFE5FC2CFF6CFC62" bold="true" box="[113,166,945,971]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Mc I</emphasis>
|
||
(MPM-PV 3401) is the smallest metacarpal, being only about half the length of the others. It articulates with the trapezium proximally, via a saddle-shaped facet, and Mc II laterally. The remaining metacarpals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FE03FBB2FD95FBE0" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[407,607,1071,1097]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE03FBB2FD95FBE0" box="[407,607,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are approximately equal in length to each other, with Mc III (as usual among sloths) being the most robust, and more robust in MPM-PV 3401 than in FMNH P13125 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE03D974FEA2FB33FE1BFB61" box="[310,465,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[677,687,975,993]" captionTargetBox="[679,1181,215,912]" captionTargetId="figure-496@26.[678,1207,206,942]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 9.— Manus elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino,1887: A, B, L manus elements of MPM-PV 3401 (neotype) in dorsal and medial views respectively (proximal towards top); C, D, partial R and L manus respectively of FMNH P13125 (proximal towards top). Abbreviations:lun, lunar;mag, magnum;Mc I-Mc V, metacarpals 1 to 5; P1-P3, first-second-third phalanx, followed by Roman numeral indicating digit number; sc, scaphoid; tm, trapezium; td, trapezoid; unc, unciform. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538415/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 9A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mcs II and IV are about equally robust, followed by Mc V. The pattern of metacarpal lengths in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FE79FB70FDA7FAAE" authorityName="INGENS AMEGHINO" authorityYear="1887" box="[493,621,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE79FB70FDA7FAAE" box="[493,621,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Eucholoeops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is atypical among sloths, in which Mcs II and III are usually about equal in length, but roughly half the length of Mcs IV and V, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FE31FAD1FDD9FACF" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[421,531,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE31FAD1FDD9FACF" box="[421,531,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FDB4FAD1FD4AFACF" box="[544,640,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FDB4FAD1FD4AFACF" box="[544,640,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FFE5FAF1FECBFA2F" authorityName="De Iuliis, Gaudin & Vicars" authorityYear="2011" box="[113,257,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Mionothropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FFE5FAF1FECBFA2F" box="[113,257,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Mionothropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FE85FAF1FE60FA2F" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[273,426,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE85FAF1FE60FA2F" box="[273,426,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FE7FFAF1FD4DFA2F" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1889" box="[491,647,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE7FFAF1FD4DFA2F" box="[491,647,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Nothrotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE03D974FF34FA11FEB3FA0F" author="DE IULIIS G. & GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M." box="[160,377,1420,1446]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref29992" refString="DE IULIIS G., GAUDIN T. J. & VICARS M. 2011. - A new genus and species of nothrotheriid sloth (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae) from the late Miocene (Huayquerian) of Peru. Palaeontology 54: 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
De Iuliis
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE90FA11FEFDFA0F" box="[260,311,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this regard,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FDBDFA11FD4DFA0C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[553,647,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FDBDFA11FDF3FA0C" box="[553,569,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FDD3FA11FD4DFA0C" box="[583,647,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles more the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FE72FA36FDAAFA6C" box="[486,608,1451,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE72FA36FDAAFA6C" box="[486,608,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which Mcs II-IV are subequal in length, with Mc V being slightly longer. Mcs I-IV have a keeled distal articular surface, whereas Mc V is blunt distally. The proximal and distal phalanges of digit 1, the middle phalanx of digit 2, and all three phalanges of digit 3 are known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FE81F9F7FEBDF92A" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[277,375,1642,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FE81F9F7FEEFF92A" box="[277,293,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FEA3F9F7FEBDF92A" box="[311,375,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distal phalanges of digits I and III are unguals, the latter being much the larger. The morphology of the phalangeal elements does not differ from that reported for other fossil sloths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE03D974FD31FECAFCB2FED8" blockId="27.[674,1212,343,1699]" box="[677,888,343,369]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FD31FECAFCB2FED8" box="[677,888,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
Femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE03D974FD63FECAFC88FED8" box="[759,834,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[681,1205,214,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-373@28.[680,1209,212,1626]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 10. — Hind limb long bones of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R femur in anterior, posterior, and distal views respectively (proximal towards top in A, B; anterior towards top in C); D, E, R tibia and fibula in anterior and posterior views respectively (proximal towards top). Abbreviations: gt, greater trochanter; he, head; lac, lateral articular condyle; mac, medial articular condyle; pt, patellar trochlea; tt, third trochanter. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538417/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE03D973FD31FEEBFE94FD04" blockId="27.[674,1212,343,1699]" lastBlockId="28.[111,649,216,685]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
|
||
The femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FCA4FEEBFC20FE39" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[816,1002,374,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FCA4FEEBFC20FE39" box="[816,1002,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from FMNH P13125 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE03D974FCF8FE0BFC71FE19" box="[876,955,406,432]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[681,1205,214,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-373@28.[680,1209,212,1626]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 10. — Hind limb long bones of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R femur in anterior, posterior, and distal views respectively (proximal towards top in A, B; anterior towards top in C); D, E, R tibia and fibula in anterior and posterior views respectively (proximal towards top). Abbreviations: gt, greater trochanter; he, head; lac, lateral articular condyle; mac, medial articular condyle; pt, patellar trochlea; tt, third trochanter. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538417/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C; greatest length =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE03D974FD32FE2BFCCCFE79" box="[678,774,438,464]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" unit="mm" value="212.0">212 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width at third trochanter approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE03D974FD31FE48FD33FE59" box="[677,761,469,496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
|
||
). It is damaged, missing part of the head and parts of the diaphysis, but is sufficiently well preserved to provide a general description and some measurements. The femur is wide and flattened anteroposteriorly, as occurs generally in ground sloths. It is relatively elongated and gracile, with its proximal half slightly wider than and at a distinct angle to the distal half (not considering trochanters). In these regards it closely resembles the form in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FD56FD6EFBD0FCA4" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[706,1050,754,781]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odontrigonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FD56FD6EFC71FCA5" box="[706,955,754,781]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Acratocnus odontrigonus</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
17363a (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE03D974FB16FD6FFC74FC84" author="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. & DE" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref31417" refString="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. (DE) 1959. - The Cuban Edentates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Matthew & Paula Couto 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 41, fig. 2), although the femur assigned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE03D974FC05FCAFFB56FCE5" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[913,1180,817,844]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FC66FCAFFBEFFCE5" box="[1010,1061,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007: 51)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FD30FCCFFCE1FCC2" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1931" box="[676,811,849,876]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FD30FCCFFD7FFCC5" box="[676,693,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FD51FCCCFCE1FCC2" box="[709,811,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">antillensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nearly rectilinear, as is the femur, AMNH 17363b, assigned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE03D974FC45FCECFBB8FC22" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[977,1138,881,907]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony (1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 51, fig. 3a, b) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FCB9FC0CFC1BFC02" box="[813,977,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odontrigonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FCB9FC0CFCF4FC02" box="[813,830,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FCDAFC0CFC1BFC02" box="[846,977,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">odontrigonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It would appear that either there is considerable variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FBD8FC2CFB70FC62" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[1100,1210,945,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FBD8FC2CFB70FC62" box="[1100,1210,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the form of the femur or this genus is in need of revision. In any event, the femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FB84FC6CFBA3FBA3" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1040,1129,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FB84FC6CFBEAFBA3" box="[1040,1056,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FBBFFC6CFBA3FBA3" box="[1067,1129,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more strongly “bent” than in AMNH 17363a, and the form and relationships among the head and greater trochanter differ from those of that specimen.A bent femur also occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FCE3FBF3FC27FB21" box="[887,1005,1134,1160]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FCE3FBF3FC27FB21" box="[887,1005,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the diaphysis is markedly wider and the greater and third trochanters are much more prominent in the latter. In other megalonychids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FC24FB50FBE4FB4E" box="[944,1070,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FC24FB50FBE4FB4E" box="[944,1070,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FBD4FB50FB78FB4E" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[1088,1202,1229,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FBD4FB50FB78FB4E" box="[1088,1202,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FD43FB73FCE5FAAE" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[727,815,1262,1287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FD43FB73FCE5FAAE" box="[727,815,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FCE0FB73FB83FAAE" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[884,1097,1261,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FCE0FB73FC2CFAA1" box="[884,998,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
17363b), the diaphysis is much more nearly rectilinear. That of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FD56FAB0FCFAFAEE" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[706,816,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FD56FAB0FCFAFAEE" box="[706,816,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the others in being particularly wide and of nearly uniform width. That of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FD31FAF1FCD4FA2F" box="[677,798,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FD31FAF1FCD4FA2F" box="[677,798,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not as wide but also of nearly uniform width, is distinguishable by the great width across the epicondyles. The greater trochanter of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FBAAFA36FD2EFA4C" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FBAAFA36FD2EFA4C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though missing its proximal tip, is approximately as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FCA1FA76FC6DF9AC" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[821,935,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FCA1FA76FC6DF9AC" box="[821,935,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FC77FA76FB8BF9AD" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[995,1089,1515,1540]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FC77FA76FB8BF9AD" box="[995,1089,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in relative size and degree of proximal projection, being well distal to the head. The trochanter extends farther proximally, nearly reaching the level of the head, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FD57F9F4FCF1F92A" box="[707,827,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FD57F9F4FCF1F92A" box="[707,827,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which it is particularly massive (note that the images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FC26F914FBE2F90A" box="[946,1064,1673,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FC26F914FBE2F90A" box="[946,1064,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE03D974FBF4F917FB71F90A" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[1120,1211,1674,1699]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE03D974FBF4F917FB71F90A" box="[1120,1211,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are apparently reversed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE04D973FE15FF45FDB0FF5A" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[385,634,216,243]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE75FF44FDD8FF5B" box="[481,530,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007: 54
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Variation is apparent in this character in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FD8DFF65FF3EFE98" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odontrigonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FD8DFF65FF3EFE98" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Acratocnus odontrigonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE04D973FEBDFE8AFE03FE98" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[297,457,279,305]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 51, figs 2, 3a) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FF37FEA5FEA6FEF8" box="[163,364,311,337]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gliriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FF37FEA5FEA6FEF8" box="[163,364,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Neocnus gliriformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE04D973FE31FEAAFD49FEF8" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[421,643,311,337]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FD9DFEA5FDF5FEF8" box="[521,575,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2.4), with the greater trochanter being distal to and nearly at the same level as the head. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FDA3FEEBFF6EFE19" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FDA3FEEBFF6EFE19" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the greater trochanter is distally displaced.The lesser trochanter is not preserved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FE44FE28FD4EFE66" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[464,644,437,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE44FE28FD4EFE66" box="[464,644,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE04D973FFEDFE48FF3BFE59" box="[121,241,469,496]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[681,1205,214,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-373@28.[680,1209,212,1626]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 10. — Hind limb long bones of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R femur in anterior, posterior, and distal views respectively (proximal towards top in A, B; anterior towards top in C); D, E, R tibia and fibula in anterior and posterior views respectively (proximal towards top). Abbreviations: gt, greater trochanter; he, head; lac, lateral articular condyle; mac, medial articular condyle; pt, patellar trochlea; tt, third trochanter. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538417/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The third trochanter is prominent and is positioned at about midlength, approximately as in other megalonychids (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FE56FD88FDD7FD87" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[450,541,533,558]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE56FD88FDD7FD87" box="[450,541,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which it appears to be absent). The prominent appearance of this trochanter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FEC7FDC8FE7EFDC7" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[339,436,597,623]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FEC7FDC8FEA9FDC7" box="[339,355,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FEE1FDC8FE7EFDC7" box="[373,436,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to other megalonychids may be partly due to the marked bend of the diaphysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE04D973FFE5FD4EFE70F98D" blockId="28.[111,648,722,1573]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FFE5FD4EFE41FD45" bold="true" box="[113,395,722,749]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">The distal articular surface</emphasis>
|
||
of the femur bears three articular surfaces. The patellar trochlea, for articulation with the patella, is transversely broad, as in other megalonychids.Although the region between the patellar trochlea and the medial articular condyle has been partly reconstructed in FMNH P13125, the two surfaces appear to have been contiguous, connected by a smooth and narrow isthmus. The trochlea and lateral articular condyle are not contiguous, as is clear from
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE04D973FED7FC6DFE6EFBA3" box="[323,420,1008,1034]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[681,1205,214,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-373@28.[680,1209,212,1626]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 10. — Hind limb long bones of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R femur in anterior, posterior, and distal views respectively (proximal towards top in A, B; anterior towards top in C); D, E, R tibia and fibula in anterior and posterior views respectively (proximal towards top). Abbreviations: gt, greater trochanter; he, head; lac, lateral articular condyle; mac, medial articular condyle; pt, patellar trochlea; tt, third trochanter. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538417/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
. The patellar trochlea is contiguous with the medial and lateral articular surfaces for the tibia in some megalonychids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FF18FBD2FF31FBC0" box="[140,251,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FF18FBD2FF31FBC0" box="[140,251,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FE9DFBD2FE4BFBC0" box="[265,385,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE9DFBD2FE4BFBC0" box="[265,385,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FE29FBCDFDD3FBC0" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[445,537,1104,1129]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE29FBCDFDD3FBC0" box="[445,537,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FDD1FBCDFF6DFB21" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FDD1FBCDFF6DFB21" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the medial and lateral surfaces butt against the patellar trochlea, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FE55FB12FDDFFB01" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[449,533,1167,1192]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE55FB12FDDFFB01" box="[449,533,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lateral is separated from the medial surface, which butts against the trochlea. They are not contiguous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FFE7FB70FF27FAAE" box="[115,237,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FFE7FB70FF27FAAE" box="[115,237,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FE13FB70FE2CFAAE" box="[391,486,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE13FB70FE2CFAAE" box="[391,486,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively less elongated than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FEF0FA90FDEFFA8E" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[356,549,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FEF0FA90FDEFFA8E" box="[356,549,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but like the latter is slightly wider proximally than distally.Its diaphysis differs in being nearly rectilinear and the greater trochanter projects more proximally, nearly reaching the level of the head, as described above for some megalonychids. The third trochanter appears more prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FEEAFA56FE14FA4C" box="[382,478,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FEEAFA56FE14FA4C" box="[382,478,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and lies slightly more proximally than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FE17FA76FE29F9AD" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[387,483,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE17FA76FE59F9AD" box="[387,403,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE37FA76FE29F9AD" box="[419,483,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the distal articular facets are contiguous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF376649DE04D973FFE5F9D1FCA1F90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538417/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" startId="28.[113,124,1612,1630]" targetBox="[681,1205,214,1598]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE04D973FFE5F9D1FCA1F90B" blockId="28.[113,1211,1612,1698]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
|
||
FIG. 10. — Hind limb long bones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE04D973FE3BF9D1FD38F9F7" authority="Ameghino, 1887" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[431,754,1612,1630]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FE3BF9D1FD95F9F7" box="[431,607,1612,1630]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE04D973FDF2F9D1FD38F9F7" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[614,754,1612,1630]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref28528" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1887. - Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia. Boletin del Museo de La Plata 1: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1887">Ameghino, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, FMNH P13125:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FC1DF9D1FC61F9F7" bold="true" box="[905,939,1612,1630]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, R femur in anterior, posterior, and distal views respectively (proximal towards top in
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FDD9F9FEFD90F9DC" bold="true" box="[589,602,1635,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FDF3F9FEFDBEF9DC" bold="true" box="[615,628,1635,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">B</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior towards top in
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FCDAF9FFFC96F9DD" bold="true" box="[846,860,1634,1652]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">C</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FCF9F9FEFCB1F9DC" bold="true" box="[877,891,1635,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FC13F9FEFC59F9DC" bold="true" box="[903,915,1635,1653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
, R tibia and fibula in anterior and posterior views respectively (proximal towards top). Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FD24F9E4FD08F922" bold="true" box="[688,706,1657,1675]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">gt</emphasis>
|
||
, greater trochanter;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FCE5F9E4FC4DF922" bold="true" box="[881,903,1657,1675]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">he</emphasis>
|
||
, head;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FC52F9E4FC2BF922" bold="true" box="[966,993,1657,1675]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">lac</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral articular condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FFE5F90DFF52F90B" bold="true" box="[113,152,1680,1698]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">mac</emphasis>
|
||
, medial articular condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FEEBF90DFE5BF90B" bold="true" box="[383,401,1680,1698]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">pt</emphasis>
|
||
, patellar trochlea;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE04D973FDA0F90DFD88F90B" bold="true" box="[564,578,1680,1698]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">tt</emphasis>
|
||
, third trochanter. Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE05D972FFE5FF45FE71FF5B" blockId="29.[111,649,216,1098]" box="[113,443,216,242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FFE5FF45FE71FF5B" box="[113,443,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Tibia and fibula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FEB8FF45FE65FF5B" box="[300,431,216,242]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[681,1205,214,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-373@28.[680,1209,212,1626]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 10. — Hind limb long bones of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R femur in anterior, posterior, and distal views respectively (proximal towards top in A, B; anterior towards top in C); D, E, R tibia and fibula in anterior and posterior views respectively (proximal towards top). Abbreviations: gt, greater trochanter; he, head; lac, lateral articular condyle; mac, medial articular condyle; pt, patellar trochlea; tt, third trochanter. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538417/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 10D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE05D972FFE5FF6AFE10FBE0" blockId="29.[111,649,216,1098]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
The R tibia (greatest length, measured along anterior surface =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE05D972FF5AFE8AFEE3FE9B" box="[206,297,279,306]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="156.0">156 mm</quantity>
|
||
; minimal diaphyseal width, measured just past midshaft =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE05D972FEECFEAAFE0DFEF8" box="[376,455,311,337]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and fibula (greatest length =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE05D972FF60FECBFE98FED8" box="[244,338,342,369]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="146.0">146 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maximal diaphyseal width =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE05D972FFE5FEEBFF75FE38" box="[113,191,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
) are known only from FMNH P13125. The tibia is elongated and slender, resembling more that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FF1BFE2BFF30FE79" box="[143,250,438,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FF1BFE2BFF30FE79" box="[143,250,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FEA6FE2BFE4FFE66" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[306,389,438,463]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FEA6FE2BFE4FFE66" box="[306,389,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FD9FFE28FDB5FE66" box="[523,639,437,463]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FD9FFE28FDB5FE66" box="[523,639,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FFE5FE48FF16FE46" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[113,220,469,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FFE5FE48FF16FE46" box="[113,220,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FE8DFE4BFEBBFE46" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[281,369,470,495]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FE8DFE4BFEBBFE46" box="[281,369,470,495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the fibula is relatively stout compared to those of other Santacrucian sloth such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FF66FD88FE85FD86" box="[242,335,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FF66FD88FE85FD86" box="[242,335,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FE1EFD88FE37FD86" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[394,509,533,559]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:pl. 33, fig.3; 1904: pl. 41, fig. 6; pl. 42, fig. 8), the mylodontid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FFE6FDC9FE66FDC7" authority="Ameghino, 1891" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[114,428,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Analcimorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FFE6FDC9FEC9FDC7" box="[114,259,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Analcimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FE93FDC9FE66FDC7" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[263,428,596,622]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="289 - 328" refId="ref28599" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1891. - Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural 1: 289 - 328." type="journal article" year="1891">Ameghino, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(YPM-VPPU15561;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FFFBFDE9FF2FFD27" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[111,229,628,654]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 49, fig. 4), and the megatheriid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FDCFFDE9FE50FD04" authority="Ameghino, 1891" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Prepotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FDCFFDE9FF10FD04" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Prepotherium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FF77FD0EFE50FD04" author="AMEGHINO F." box="[227,410,659,685]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="289 - 328" refId="ref28599" refString="AMEGHINO F. 1891. - Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural 1: 289 - 328." type="journal article" year="1891">Ameghino, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(YPM-VPPU 15568;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FFE7FD2EFF22FD64" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[115,232,691,717]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">Scott 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 61, fig. 2; note that Scott labeled the figured specimen as YPM-VPPU 15368 but this is probably an error as the specimen is recorded as 15568on the catalogue card and YPM-VPPU online database, whereas the database describes 15368 as consisting of proterotheriid litoptern remains). The fibular diaphysis is of nearly constant diameter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FDF6FCEFFECEFC02" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FDF6FCEFFECEFC02" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas it tends to be wider proximally (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FFEEFC2DFF1CFC63" box="[122,214,944,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FFEEFC2DFF1CFC63" box="[122,214,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FF75FC2DFEBFFC63" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[225,373,944,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Analcimorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FF75FC2DFEBFFC63" box="[225,373,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Analcimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or distally(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FE66FC2DFDBDFC63" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[498,631,944,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Prepotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FE66FC2DFDBDFC63" box="[498,631,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Prepotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In this regard among megalonychids, it resembles more that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FF6AFC6DFEB8FBA3" box="[254,370,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FF6AFC6DFEB8FBA3" box="[254,370,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FE24FC6DFDD1FBA3" box="[432,539,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FE24FC6DFDD1FBA3" box="[432,539,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FDB3FC6CFDB5FBA3" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1929" box="[551,639,1009,1034]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FDB3FC6CFDB5FBA3" box="[551,639,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FF0BFB8DFF38FB80" authorityName="Arredondo" authorityYear="1961" box="[159,242,1040,1065]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Neocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FF0BFB8DFF38FB80" box="[159,242,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FEB1FB92FE0BFB80" author="ANTHONY H. E." box="[293,449,1039,1065]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="97 - 241" refId="ref28857" refString="ANTHONY H. E. 1926. - Mammals of Porto Rico, living and extinct - Rodentia and Edentata. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9 (2): 97 - 241." type="journal article" year="1926">Anthony 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FE58FB92FF3FFBE3" author="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. & DE" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref31417" refString="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. (DE) 1959. - The Cuban Edentates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Matthew & Paula Couto 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FF6AFBB2FE05FBE0" author="TABOADA G. S. & DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D." box="[254,463,1071,1097]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" refId="ref33172" refString="TABOADA G. S., DUQUE W. S. & FRANCO S. D. 2007. - Compendio de los mamiferos terrestres autoctonos de Cuba. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Habana, Cuba, 465 p." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Taboada
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FEC9FBADFE44FBE0" box="[349,398,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE05D972FFE5FBF2FF3FFB20" blockId="29.[111,648,1135,1573]" box="[113,245,1135,1161]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FFE5FBF2FF3FFB20" box="[113,245,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Pes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FF34FBF2FF26FB20" box="[160,236,1135,1161]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE05D972FFE5FB13FDB4F98D" blockId="29.[111,648,1135,1573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Only a few elements of the pes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FE45FB13FD4CFB01" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[465,646,1166,1192]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FE45FB13FD4CFB01" box="[465,646,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known, all from FMNH P13125. These include Mt II-V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FF41FB50FED1FB41" box="[213,283,1229,1256]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A-I), the cuboid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FE47FB50FDD0FB41" box="[467,538,1229,1256]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
K-M), the ectocuneiform, and navicular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FE3DFB70FE3AFAAE" box="[425,496,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
N-P). In addition, there are several other preserved bones that may be pes elements, but they cannot be articulated with the elements just listed or compared with elements of other ground sloths, given the dearth of published descriptions and illustrations of ground sloth pedal elements, and so we are unable to identify them unambiguously.The elements,being generally similar to those described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FE16FA76FDCEF9AC" author="STOCK C." box="[386,516,1514,1541]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock(1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FDBEFA76FD4EF9AC" box="[554,644,1515,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FDBEFA76FD4EF9AC" box="[554,644,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FF0AF997FEE7F98D" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[158,301,1546,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FF0AF997FEE7F98D" box="[158,301,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are described only briefly below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE05D972FFE5F9D7FB8EFE46" blockId="29.[111,647,1609,1700]" lastBlockId="29.[674,1211,216,496]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FFE5F9D7FF2FF9CA" bold="true" box="[113,229,1609,1636]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">The cuboid</emphasis>
|
||
is a blocky element with three well-defined articular surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FEB7F9F4FEADF92D" box="[291,359,1641,1668]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
K-M).The proximal surface bears two nearly flat facets that meet at an acute angle: a medial facet articulating with the astragalus and a lateral facet articulating with the calcaneum.Distally, the cuboid bears a transversely elongated, smooth and slightly saddle-shaped facet for Mts IV and V. The navicular is an ovate, bowl-like element (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FBC4FECBFB53FED8" box="[1104,1177,342,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
N- P). Its proximal surface bears a deep, concave facet, with a central prominence, for articulation with the astragalar head. Its distal surface bears articular facets for the ecto-, meso- and entocuneiform.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE05D972FD31FD88FC47FCC2" blockId="29.[675,1211,533,876]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FD31FD88FD2DFD86" bold="true" box="[677,743,533,559]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Mt II.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the preserved portions (the plantar projection is missing) of Mt II in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FC63FDA9FB79FDE7" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1015,1203,564,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FC63FDA9FB79FDE7" box="[1015,1203,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this element strongly resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FBAAFDC9FB54FDC7" box="[1086,1182,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FBAAFDC9FB54FDC7" box="[1086,1182,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in shape and proportions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FC0EFDE9FC2BFD27" box="[922,993,628,654]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C). In lateral view the proximal end of Mt II in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FC59FD0EFBE6FD04" box="[973,1068,659,685]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FC59FD0EFBE6FD04" box="[973,1068,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is dorsoplantarly expanded, compared to its shaft, with much of this expansion due to its plantarly projecting portion, whereas the dorsal portion projects little beyond the shaft. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FC19FC8FFBECFC85" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1954" box="[909,1062,786,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FC19FC8FFBECFC85" box="[909,1062,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the proximal end is also expanded but dorsal and plantar projections are about equal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE05D972FD31FC0CFB85FB61" blockId="29.[675,1212,913,1224]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FD31FC0CFD21FC02" bold="true" box="[677,747,913,939]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Mt III</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FC98FC0FFCA3FC02" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[780,873,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FC98FC0FFCD6FC02" box="[780,796,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FCBDFC0FFCA3FC02" box="[809,873,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FBBCFC0CFB42FC02" box="[1064,1160,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FBBCFC0CFB42FC02" box="[1064,1160,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is relatively longer and with a slightly better developed shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FCB5FC4DFC6EFC42" box="[801,932,976,1003]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). This condition contrasts with that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FCA1FC6DFB4AFBA3" authority="(McDonald 1977)" baseAuthorityName="McDonald" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[821,1152,1008,1034]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FCA1FC6DFC6DFBA3" box="[821,935,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FC2CFC6DFBB2FBA3" author="MCDONALD H. G." box="[952,1144,1008,1034]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" refId="ref31451" refString="MCDONALD H. G. 1977. - Description of the Osteology of the Extinct Gravigrade Edentate Megalonyx with Observations on its Ontogeny, Phylogeny and Functional Anatomy. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 328 p." type="book" year="1977">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7651DE05D972FC2CFC6DFBF9FBA3" box="[952,1075,1008,1034]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">McDonald</collectingCountry>
|
||
1977
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, particularly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FCBDFB92FB99FB83" authority="(Stock 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[809,1107,1039,1066]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FCBDFB92FC0BFB80" box="[809,961,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FC59FB92FB81FB83" author="STOCK C." box="[973,1099,1039,1066]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which Mt III is strongly compressed proximodistally so that it effectively has no shaft. The proximal surface bears the dorsoplantarly elongated and concave facet for the ectocuneiform, resembling more that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FD55FB33FC90FB61" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[705,858,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FD55FB33FC90FB61" box="[705,858,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FC7CFB33FB82FB61" box="[1000,1096,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FC7CFB33FB82FB61" box="[1000,1096,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE05D972FD31FB70FB66FA6F" blockId="29.[674,1217,1261,1478]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FD31FB70FD2DFAAE" bold="true" box="[677,743,1261,1287]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Mt IV.</emphasis>
|
||
The proximal surface of Mt IV is dorsoplantarly elongated, more like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FC51FA90FBE8FA8E" box="[965,1058,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FC51FA90FBE8FA8E" box="[965,1058,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
though not as wide plantarly, in contrast to the more quadrate shape in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FD2BFAD1FC98FACF" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[703,850,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FD2BFAD1FC98FACF" box="[703,850,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FCCAFAD1FBC8FACE" box="[862,1026,1356,1383]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11D, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). It also resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FD62FAF1FC9FFA2F" box="[758,853,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FD62FAF1FC9FFA2F" box="[758,853,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking a facet dorsomedially. A similar facet was described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FB91FA11FB57FA0F" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1029,1181,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FB91FA11FB57FA0F" box="[1029,1181,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as articulating with the ectocuneiform (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE05D972FBB0FA36FB6AFA6F" author="STOCK C." box="[1060,1184,1451,1478]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE05D971FD31FA76FE26FC84" blockId="29.[674,1212,1515,1700]" lastBlockId="30.[111,649,216,1573]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FD31FA76FD2FF9AC" bold="true" box="[677,741,1515,1541]" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Mt V.</emphasis>
|
||
Although Mt V is incomplete proximally, a flange was apparently present proximolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE05D972FD3AF9B7FC8EF9EC" box="[686,836,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Fig. 11D, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The flange is particularly large in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FD32F9D7FCC5F9CD" baseAuthorityName="Gaudin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[678,783,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FD32F9D7FCC5F9CD" box="[678,783,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FCA9F9D7FC06F9CD" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[829,972,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FCA9F9D7FC06F9CD" box="[829,972,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but less so in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FBCCF9D7FB79F9CD" box="[1112,1203,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FBCCF9D7FB79F9CD" box="[1112,1203,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the preserved portions in FMNH P13125, the flange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE05D972FCBFF917FC4FF90A" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[811,901,1674,1700]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FCBFF917FCF0F90A" box="[811,826,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE05D972FCDCF917FC4FF90A" box="[840,901,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="238">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may not have been as large as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FF19FF45FF20FF5B" box="[141,234,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FF19FF45FF20FF5B" box="[141,234,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FEA0FF45FE5BFF5B" box="[308,401,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FEA0FF45FE5BFF5B" box="[308,401,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FE51FF45FD92FF5B" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[453,600,216,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FE51FF45FD92FF5B" box="[453,600,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the shaft narrows considerably before widening again distally. The distal end resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FDBEFE8AFD43FE98" box="[554,649,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FDBEFE8AFD43FE98" box="[554,649,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is more expanded. The distal articular surface bears a convex and dorsoplantarly elongated facet, similar to the elliptical convexity described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FDC6FEEBFF73FE19" author="SCOTT W. B." pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FF71FE0BFE55FE19" box="[229,415,406,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FF71FE0BFE55FE19" box="[229,415,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Hapalops longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which contrasts with the keeled articular surfaces of Mts II-IV. The form of the surface in Mt V suggests the presence of at least one phalanx for digit 5, possibly nodular as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FF18FD88FEDAFD86" author="STOCK C." box="[140,272,532,559]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FEA2FD88FE0FFD86" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[310,453,533,559]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FEA2FD88FE0FFD86" box="[310,453,533,559]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This author noted that Scott illustrated a complete digit 5 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FDBDFDA9FF0CFDC7" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FDBDFDA9FF0CFDC7" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Hapalops longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this occurs in the figure of the mounted reconstruction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FE99FDE9FE4BFD27" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[269,385,628,654]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl.30).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FE40FDE9FD4AFD27" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[468,640,628,654]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott (1903:203</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FFFBFD0EFF6DFD04" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[111,167,659,685]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) did not illustrate any digit 5 phalanges in the plates of individual skeletal elements and noted only that all “the phalanges of the fifth digit have been lost,” implying that he lacked direct evidence for the reconstruction of a complete digit 5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736C1DE06D971FF1CFCAFFD4DF98C" blockId="30.[111,649,216,1573]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">
|
||
In terms of length, Mt IV is the longest of the series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A44DE06D971FF2DFCCCFEF5FCC5" box="[185,319,849,876]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[113,124,1612,1630]" captionTargetBox="[692,1209,216,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-421@30.[680,1209,197,1611]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 11. — Pes elements of Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino, 1887, FMNH P13125: A-C, R Mt II in proximal, medial, and dorsal views respectively;D, R Mts III-V in dorsal view; E, F, R Mt III in proximal and lateral views respectively;G, H, R Mt IV in proximal and lateral views respectively; I, J, R Mt V in proximal and lateral views respectively; K-M, L cuboid in distal, proximal, and dorsal views respec- tively; N-P, R navicular in proximal, distal, and dorsal views respectively. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538419/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Fig. 11C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), exceeding slightly the length of Mt V, as occurs also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FE04FCECFF7FFC02" authority="(McDonald 1977)" baseAuthorityName="McDonald" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FE04FCECFE35FC22" box="[400,511,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FD9AFCECFF66FC02" author="MCDONALD H. G." pageId="30" pageNumber="239" refId="ref31451" refString="MCDONALD H. G. 1977. - Description of the Osteology of the Extinct Gravigrade Edentate Megalonyx with Observations on its Ontogeny, Phylogeny and Functional Anatomy. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 328 p." type="book" year="1977">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7651DE06D971FD9AFCECFD4CFC22" box="[526,646,881,907]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">McDonald</collectingCountry>
|
||
1977
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FF54FC0CFE93FC02" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[192,345,913,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FF54FC0CFE93FC02" box="[192,345,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FEF2FC0CFD48FC05" authority="(Stock 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[358,642,913,940]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Paramylodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FEF2FC0CFE27FC02" box="[358,493,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Paramylodon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FE6EFC0CFDB3FC05" author="STOCK C." box="[506,633,913,940]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FF35FC2DFECBFC63" box="[161,257,944,970]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FF35FC2DFECBFC63" box="[161,257,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Hapalops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FE9BFC2CFE41FC62" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[271,395,945,971]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FE02FC2CFE18FC62" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[406,466,945,971]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="227 - 364" refId="ref32868" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1904. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 227 - 364." type="book chapter" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mt V of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FDD1FC2CFF7AFC43" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FDD1FC2CFF7AFC43" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is longer than Mt IV, which is slightly longer than Mt III (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FF69FC6DFD9BFBA2" author="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. & DE" box="[253,593,1008,1035]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref31417" refString="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. (DE) 1959. - The Cuban Edentates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Matthew & Paula Couto 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FFE6FB92FE4DFB83" authority="Mt III" authorityName="Mt III" box="[114,391,1039,1066]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FFE6FB92FEFCFB80" box="[114,310,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Eucholoeops ingens</emphasis>
|
||
Mt III
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly shorter than Mt V, and Mt II is slightly shorter than Mt III. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FF04FBCDFE6DFBC0" authority="Mts II and III" authorityName="Mts II and III" box="[144,423,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FF04FBCDFEC6FBC0" box="[144,268,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">H. longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
Mts II and III
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are subequal (length given as 3.8 cm by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FEA1FBF2FE2AFB20" author="SCOTT W. B." box="[309,480,1135,1161]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref32808" refString="SCOTT W. B. 1903. - Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. Part I. Edentata, in SCOTT W. B. (ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia 1896 - 1899. Vol. 5, Paleontology 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1 - 226." type="book chapter" year="1903">Scott 1903: 197</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and as reflected in his pl. 33, fig. 4). The condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FD90FB12FD4CFB01" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[516,646,1166,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FD90FB12FDD3FB01" box="[516,537,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FDBCFB13FD4CFB01" box="[552,646,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unclear: Scott’s illustrations (1904: pl. 41, figs 1, 2) indicate that Mt III is decidedly shorter than Mt II, but his reported measurements (1904: 231) indicate only a marginal difference of between 1 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B24DE06D971FFE5FAB0FF72FAEE" box="[113,184,1325,1351]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FF70FAB0FE3DFAEE" authority="Mts II and III" authorityName="Mts II and III" box="[228,503,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FF70FAB0FE99FAEE" box="[228,339,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||
Mts II and III
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are subequal in length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FF4AFAD1FE5DFACF" author="MCDONALD H. G." box="[222,407,1356,1382]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" refId="ref31451" refString="MCDONALD H. G. 1977. - Description of the Osteology of the Extinct Gravigrade Edentate Megalonyx with Observations on its Ontogeny, Phylogeny and Functional Anatomy. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, 328 p." type="book" year="1977">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F7651DE06D971FF4AFAD1FE9CFACF" box="[222,342,1356,1382]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">McDonald</collectingCountry>
|
||
1977
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FDCBFAD0FF21FA2F" baseAuthorityName="Stock" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Nothrotheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FDCBFAD0FF21FA2F" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Nothrotheriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctly different than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FDBDFAF0FD4DFA2F" box="[553,647,1389,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Eucholoeops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FDBDFAF0FDF3FA2F" box="[553,569,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FDD3FAF0FD4DFA2F" box="[583,647,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">ingens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FF35FA11FED4FA0F" box="[161,286,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Hapalops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FF35FA11FF7CFA0C" box="[161,182,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FF50FA11FED4FA0F" box="[196,286,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">longiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as Mt III is notably shorter than Mt II (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FF2EFA36FEF1FA6F" author="STOCK C." box="[186,315,1451,1478]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FEFFFA36FDEFFA6F" authority="Mt II" authorityName="Mt II" box="[363,549,1451,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FEFFFA36FE29FA6C" box="[363,483,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||
Mt II
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is longer than Mts III and IV, and nearly as long as Mt V (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FFEEFA76FE19F9AC" author="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. & DE" box="[122,467,1514,1541]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref31417" refString="MATTHEW W. D. & PAULA COUTO C. (DE) 1959. - The Cuban Edentates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 117: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1959">Matthew & Paula Couto [1959]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D42DE06D971FD96FA76FF7CF98C" authority="Mt III" authorityName="Mt III" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Paramylodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAD3DE06D971FD96FA76FD42F9AC" box="[514,648,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="239">Paramylodon</emphasis>
|
||
Mt III
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is notably longer than Mt II (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD94B30DE06D971FE6EF997FDB0F98C" author="STOCK C." box="[506,634,1546,1573]" pageId="30" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref33134" refString="STOCK C. 1925. - Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 331: 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1925">Stock 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |