149 lines
20 KiB
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149 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334468" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018127" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334468" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1596207678408" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Grazia, Jocelia, Schuh, Randall T. & Wheeler, Ward C." docDate="2008" docId="03E187AB6B4AFFF1FC96FC1510A94E38" docLanguage="en" docName="Cladistics.24.932-976.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Cladistics 24" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Urostylididae Dallas 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="964" masterDocId="FFD8FFD36B55FFD1FFB9FF8611774F5E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="976" masterPageNumber="932" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" updateTime="1635478016111" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grazia, Jocelia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jocelia@ufrgs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schuh, Randall T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wheeler, Ward C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cladistics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2008-11-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>932</mods:start>
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<mods:end>976</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3968591</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334468" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018127" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334468" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AB6B4AFFF1FC96FC1510A94E38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187AB6B4AFFF1FC96FC1510A94E38" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="964" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="963" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[815,1453,915,1886]" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">
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<heading bold="true" box="[815,1278,915,939]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" reason="0">
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<taxonomicName authority="Dallas" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[815,1128,915,939]" class="Insecta" family="Urostylididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">UROSTYLIDIDAE Dallas</taxonomicName>
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, sensu stricto
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</heading>
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Historical:
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</emphasis>
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The systematic position of this family has been ambiguous over time, as was stressed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Schuh, R. T. & Slater, J. A." box="[815,1098,1006,1030]" journalOrPublisher="Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" refId="ref32078" refString="Schuh, R. T., Slater, J. A., 1995. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY." title="True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)" type="book" year="1995">Schuh and Slater (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Singh-Pruthi, H." box="[1112,1339,1006,1030]" journalOrPublisher="Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond." pageId="31" pageNumber="963" pagination="127 - 267" part="1925" refId="ref32317" refString="Singh-Pruthi, H., 1925. The morphology of the male genitalia in Rhynchota. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 1925, 127 - 267." title="The morphology of the male genitalia in Rhynchota" type="journal article" year="1925">Singh-Pruthi (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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related it
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="964" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[815,1453,915,1886]" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">
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to the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[902,1120,1037,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Yang, We. - Y." box="[1138,1295,1037,1062]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Fan. Inst. Biol. Peking" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" pagination="35 - 48" part="8" refId="ref33372" refString="Yang, We. - Y., 1938 a. A new method for the classification of urostilyd insects. Bull. Fan. Inst. Biol. Peking 8, 35 - 48." title="A new method for the classification of urostilyd insects" type="journal article" year="1938">Yang (1938a</bibRefCitation>
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,b,
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<bibRefCitation author="Yang, We. - Y." box="[1333,1387,1037,1061]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Fan. Inst. Biol. Peking" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" pagination="5 - 66" part="9" refId="ref33440" refString="Yang, We. - Y., 1939. A revision of Chinese urostilyd insects (Heteroptera). Bull. Fan. Inst. Biol. Peking 9, 5 - 66." title="A revision of Chinese urostilyd insects (Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1939">1939</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<bibRefCitation author="Pendergrast, J. G." box="[815,1030,1068,1092]" journalOrPublisher="Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond." pageId="31" pageNumber="963" pagination="1 - 63" part="109" refId="ref31202" refString="Pendergrast, J. G., 1957. Studies on the reproductive organs of Heteroptera with a consideration of their bearing on classification. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 109, 1 - 63." title="Studies on the reproductive organs of Heteroptera with a consideration of their bearing on classification" type="journal article" year="1957">Pendergrast (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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related it to the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1230,1396,1068,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrrhocoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyrrhocoridae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Miyamoto, S." box="[815,1018,1098,1122]" journalOrPublisher="Sieboldia" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" pagination="197 - 259" part="2" refId="ref31074" refString="Miyamoto, S., 1961. Comparative morphology of alimentary organs of Heteroptera, with the phylogenetic consideration. Sieboldia 2, 197 - 259, pls. 20 - 49." title="Comparative morphology of alimentary organs of Heteroptera, with the phylogenetic consideration" type="journal article" year="1961">Miyamoto (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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to the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[1112,1273,1098,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Kumar, R." box="[1288,1452,1098,1122]" journalOrPublisher="Am. Midl. Nat." pageId="31" pageNumber="963" pagination="63 - 73" part="85" refId="ref30098" refString="Kumar, R., 1971. Morphology and relationships of the Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera). 5 - Urostylidae. Am. Midl. Nat. 85, 63 - 73." title="Morphology and relationships of the Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera). 5 - Urostylidae" type="journal article" year="1971">Kumar (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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believed that the group represented an early divergence from the other pentatomomorphans, possibly together with the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1055,1221,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrrhocoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyrrhocoridae</taxonomicName>
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, with which they share uniquely the fused 2nd valvifers that form an M- or W-shaped sclerite. As
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<bibRefCitation author="Gapud, V." box="[1182,1347,1251,1275]" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Entomol." pageId="31" pageNumber="963" pagination="865 - 961" part="8" refId="ref29174" refString="Gapud, V., 1991. A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Philippine Entomol. 8, 865 - 961." title="A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1991">Gapud (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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did not provide an illustration of what he considered as separate 2nd valvifers, we conclude that he erroneously interpreted the 2nd valvifers in the species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[815,970,1373,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Urostylididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Urostylididae</taxonomicName>
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that he studied.
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<bibRefCitation author="Berger, H. & Heiss, E. & Kerzhner, I. M." box="[1210,1453,1373,1398]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" pagination="301 - 302" part="103" refId="ref27728" refString="Berger, H., Heiss, E., Kerzhner, I. M., 2001. Removal of homonymy between Urostylidae Dallas, 1851 (Insecta, Heteroptera) and Urostylidae Butschli, 1889 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 103 (B), 301 - 302." title="Removal of homonymy between Urostylidae Dallas, 1851 (Insecta, Heteroptera) and Urostylidae Butschli, 1889 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)" type="journal article" year="2001">Berger et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed the emended spelling
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[1185,1343,1404,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Urostylididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Urostylididae</taxonomicName>
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, in order to remove the homonymy between the heteropteran family name and
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<taxonomicName authority="Butschli" authorityName="Butschli" box="[1049,1293,1465,1490]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Urostylidae" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Urostylida" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="family">Urostylidae Bütschli</taxonomicName>
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(Ciliophora, Hypotrichia).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[815,1453,915,1886]" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">
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<emphasis box="[841,1036,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">Analytical result:</emphasis>
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The treatment of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[1297,1452,1526,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Urostylididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Urostylididae</taxonomicName>
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as the basal grouping within the
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", Bonatto" box="[1237,1408,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Pentatomoidea">Pentatomoidea</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Gapud, V." box="[815,981,1587,1611]" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Entomol." pageId="31" pageNumber="963" pagination="865 - 961" part="8" refId="ref29174" refString="Gapud, V., 1991. A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Philippine Entomol. 8, 865 - 961." title="A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1991">Gapud (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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is a position supported by our morphological analyses (
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<figureCitation box="[1059,1185,1617,1641]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="22.[135,168,1840,1859]" captionStartId-1="23.[113,146,1819,1838]" captionStartId-2="24.[135,168,1801,1820]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1414,184,1809]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1411,184,1787]" captionTargetBox-2="[143,1466,184,1769]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[194,1323,183,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[156,1411,191,1787]" captionTargetId-2="figure@24.[143,1466,192,1769]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionText-0="Fig. 42. Strict consensus of 96 most parsimonious trees for full-taxon morphological data set, with unsupported nodes supressed. Length = 207; consistency index = 42; retention index = 86. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-1="Fig. 43. Strict consensus of three trees derived from successive weighting of the results shown in Fig. 42. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-2="Fig. 44. Strict consensus of 12 trees derived from implied weighting analysis of morphological data using PIWE. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968609" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968611" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968613" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3968609/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3968611/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3968613/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">Figs 42–44</figureCitation>
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) and combined analyses under an unweighted equal costs regime (
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<figureCitation box="[1367,1453,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figs 49–52. 49" captionStartId="27.[113,152,1804,1823]" captionTargetBox="[181,1384,1071,1772]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figs 49–52. 49. Single tree derived from analysis of ~470 bp of 28S rRNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 50. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1100 bp of COI mtDNA using 1: 1 indel ⁄transition–transversion cost ratio. 51. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52- taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. 52. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968617/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">Figs 51</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[869,899,1679,1703]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[135,168,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[177,1432,184,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[177,1432,183,1708]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 53. One of six trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 1 indel ⁄ transition–transversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968619/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">53</figureCitation>
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). Under unequal costs,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1849" box="[1186,1287,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Urostylididae" genus="Urochela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1186,1287,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">Urochela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is dissociated from
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<emphasis box="[890,997,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">Urostylus</emphasis>
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and moved up to a more central position within the pentatomoid cladogram. Characters supporting the treatment of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[1297,1452,1770,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Urostylididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Urostylididae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[815,955,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">sensu strico</emphasis>
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as the sister group of all remaining
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<taxonomicName authorityName=", Bonatto" box="[815,987,1831,1855]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Pentatomoidea">Pentatomoidea</taxonomicName>
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are listed below in the Conclusions. The monophyly of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[1111,1266,1862,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Urostylididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="963" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Urostylididae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[1282,1418,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="963">sensu strico</emphasis>
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is
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="32.[135,772,182,358]" pageId="32" pageNumber="964">
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recognized in our analysis by the presence of a stridulitrum on A
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<quantity box="[356,404,212,236]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="32" pageNumber="964" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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the hind wing (
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<superScript attach="none" box="[616,654,206,236]" fontSize="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="964">221</superScript>
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) and the presence of bristles on the claws (
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<superScript attach="none" box="[554,591,237,267]" fontSize="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="964">311</superScript>
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). Additionally, gonocoxites 9 (in females) form an Mor W-shaped
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="32.[135,772,182,358]" pageId="32" pageNumber="964">
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sclerite (
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<superScript attach="none" box="[233,271,298,328]" fontSize="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="964">465</superScript>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[290,374,304,328]" captionStart="Figs 25–34. 25" captionStartId="17.[113,152,885,904]" captionTargetBox="[118,1448,184,853]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[118,1446,183,849]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 25–34. 25. Parastrachia japonensis (Parastrachiidae), male. Sternite VIII visible, not covered by segment VII. 26. Tessaratoma papillosa (Tessaratomidae), female. Tergite IX visible dorsally. 27. Pallantia macula (Pentatomidae), female. Tergite IX not visible dorsally, covered by apically positioned tergite VIII. 28. Urochela distincta (Urostylididae), female. Gonocoxites 9 in an ‘‘M’’ sclerite. 29. Phloea subquadrata (Phloeidae), female. Gonocoxites 9 completely fused. 30. Tectocoris diophtalmus (Scutelleridae), female. Gonocoxites 9 fused, with a distinct median fusion line. 31. Similiforstona bella (Pentatomidae), female. Laterotergites 9 contiguous covering segment X. 32. Pantochlora vivida (Pentatomidae), female. Laterotergites 9 separate with segment X between them. 33. Lestonia haustorifera (Lestoniidae), female. Laterotergites 9 totally fused with segment X concealed. 34. Prionogaster serratus (Tessaratomidae), female. Laterotergites 9 larger than gonocoxites 8. g9, gonapophyses 9; gc8, gonocoxites 8; gc9, gonocoxites 9; go, gonangulum; la8, laterotergites 8; la9, laterotergites 9; M, ‘‘M’’ sclerite; R2, second rami; VII, seventh segment; X, tenth segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968605/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="964">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
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), which we suggest argues for its treatment at the family level.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |