294 lines
36 KiB
XML
294 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="235518091EB07A89D26B0F0091F6E49E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280558" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e019040-2451-447e-bb81-cc4fee4fd99c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280558" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460461219478" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Venegas, Pablo J. & Duellman, William E." docDate="2012" docId="03DE2E5CFF8CFFDDFF0FFD63FA8F4A24" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03249p059.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3249" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pristimantis stipa Venegas & Duellman, 2012, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFE75624FF84FFD7FF98FFD7FFAE4D0A" masterDocTitle="Two syntopic new species of the Pristimantis orestes Group (Anura: Strabomantidae) from northwestern Peru" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698303999726" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0449F7CF9F80668312B6C210FCDD9CD5">
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<mods:title id="B77DB975E7E63E2060DEB07F32DA604D">Two syntopic new species of the Pristimantis orestes Group (Anura: Strabomantidae) from northwestern Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4895ADCC019B0078EB4DEFA75BFEB628" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A2363AE7546B4C7C2093A9FAFCA739F9">Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3BDDABAF8E8FE7C3FB50F1F56FC63A61" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="38AFFF092176F6FB6DDBC6696885F0E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CC62A1A6CB61E815853953A6DB60C6B2">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CDCC29982539377DEF36736A9DACD5FB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CB19863AA28B55B6FDAABA40676AB72E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DB2BDE74327F065DD1DC3A156217CF0D">
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<mods:date id="1EC368145A3782ADC5E5B30DC9207913">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="991458D442D02420BC778227F341BF86" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2FD7DE88185051E21F47B13EDF8C0533">3249</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="46B7E44EDC872EFE2190D53015F035F2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.280558</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9D935C23F143789C22827FC93C27A1B5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="046809AB34D66B4ACF18D792AB85BBBF" type="Zenodo-Dep">280558</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DE2E5CFF8CFFDDFF0FFD63FA8F4A24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6179940" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119512491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6179940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE2E5CFF8CFFDDFF0FFD63FA8F4A24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE2E5CFF8CFFDDFF0FFD63FA8F4A24" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="C36DCCC1FF8CFFDFFF0FFD63FE6C4FE4" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8CFFDFFF0FFD63FDAF4FC7" blockId="8.[151,513,691,750]" box="[151,513,691,718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="D0802826FF8CFFDFFF0FFD63FDAF4FC7" bold="true" box="[151,513,691,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFF0FFD63FDAF4FC7" bold="true" box="[151,513,691,718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFF0FFD63FEC44FC4" box="[151,362,692,718]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stipa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFF0FFD63FEC44FC4" bold="true" box="[151,362,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Pristimantis stipa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A230FE23FF8CFFDFFEE9FD64FDAF4FC7" box="[369,513,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8CFFDFFF0FFD01FE6C4FE4" blockId="8.[151,513,691,750]" box="[151,450,726,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8CFFDFFF0FFD01FF714FE4" box="[151,223,726,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1184,1207]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,595,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,595,1163]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A, B) Hand and foot of Pristimantis mariaelenae. (C, D) Hand and foot of Pristimantis stipa. Scale bars = 3 mm. Photos by L. Alza." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280559/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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(C & D), 6(A–D), 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36DCCC1FF8CFFDFFF0FFCC8FA824E75" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8CFFDFFF0FFCC8FB224E51" blockId="8.[151,1436,798,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFF0FFCC8FEA34E3D" bold="true" box="[151,269,799,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8CFFDFFF0FFCC8FEA64E3D" box="[151,264,799,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED66078FFF8CFFDFFE8FFCC9FE244E3C" box="[279,394,798,822]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g3tc-zhv7" name="Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">CORBIDI</collectionCode>
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0 2833, an adult female, from Cañaris, Provincia de Ferreñafe, Región Lambayeque,
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<collectingCountry id="F360DFDAFF8CFFDFFAF1FCC9FA324E3C" box="[1385,1436,798,822]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Perú</collectingCountry>
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(6˚7'14.4" S, 79˚18'4.43" W;
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<quantity id="4C8F32AFFF8CFFDFFE45FC95FD974E50" box="[477,569,834,858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.596" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="3596.0">3596 m</quantity>
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.a.s.l.) obtained on
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<date id="FFC9B98AFF8CFFDFFC90FC95FC334E50" box="[776,925,834,858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" value="2007-06-16">16 June 2007</date>
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by Pablo J. Venegas.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8CFFDFFF51FCB0FA824E75" blockId="8.[151,1436,798,2015]" box="[201,1324,870,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFF51FCB0FEE44E75" bold="true" box="[201,330,871,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8CFFDFFF51FCB0FEEB4E75" box="[201,325,871,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED66078FFF8CFFDFFEC9FCB1FE6A4E74" box="[337,452,870,894]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g3tc-zhv7" name="Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">CORBIDI</collectionCode>
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02834–37, four adult males, collected with the
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<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8CFFDFFC43FCB1FB934E74" box="[987,1085,870,894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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by Pablo J. Venegas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36DCCC1FF8CFFDFFF51FC5DFDAB4BB5" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8CFFDFFF51FC5DFA25485F" blockId="8.[151,1436,798,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFF51FC5DFEED4EA9" bold="true" box="[201,323,906,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFDB2FC5BFC074EA9" box="[554,937,907,931]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orestes" subGenus="Pristimantis">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFDB2FC5BFC074EA9" box="[554,937,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Pristimantis (Pristimantis) orestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group has: (1) skin on dorsum areolate; that on flanks and venter coarsely areolate; discoidal fold only present as a prominent thoracic fold; dorsolateral fold prominent, discontinuous; (2) tympanic annulus present, weakly defined; tympanic membrane distinct; (3) snout bluntly rounded in dorsal view and in lateral view; (4) upper eyelid tubercles absent; upper eyelid nearly as wide as, or equal to IOD; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, narrowly separated; (6) vocal slits absent; spinous nuptial pads absent; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers narrow, rounded, without marginal grooves; (8) lateral fringes on fingers absent; (9) ulnar tubercles present, coalesced into a low fold; (10) heel and outer edge of tarsus lacking tubercles; inner tarsal fold present; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, elevated, elliptical, twice as large as lower oval outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface areolate; (12) lateral fringes on toes and webbing absent; Toe V slightly shorter than Toe III; toe discs narrow, rounded, without marginal grooves; (13) dorsum entirely brown without markings; groin, posterior surface of thigh, and concealed surfaces of shank and foot dark brown with or without white marks; ventral surfaces dark brown with white spots or mottling; (14) SVL in adult males
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<quantity id="4C8F32AFFF8CFFDFFD26FAEAFCCF485F" box="[702,865,1341,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.44" metricValueMin="1.56" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="24.4" valueMin="15.6">15.6–24.4 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFCE4FA97FC244851" box="[892,906,1344,1371]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">x</emphasis>
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= 18.8;
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFC7DFAE8FC5D485C" box="[997,1011,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">n</emphasis>
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= 4), in one adults female
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<quantity id="4C8F32AFFF8CFFDFFAB8FAEAFA29485F" box="[1312,1415,1341,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.51" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="35.1">35.1 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8CFFDFFF51FAB3FDAB4BB5" blockId="8.[151,1436,798,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFF51FAB3FE214871" box="[201,399,1380,1403]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stipa">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFF51FAB3FE214871" box="[201,399,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Pristimantis stipa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from all other species of
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFC9AFAB3FC3C4871" box="[770,914,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFC9AFAB3FC204871" box="[770,910,1380,1403]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pristimantis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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including the 15 species currently assigned to the
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFF58FA5FFE884895" box="[192,294,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">P. o re s t e s</emphasis>
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Group, except
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFE4EFA5FFDE54895" box="[470,587,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">P. s i m o n s i i</emphasis>
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, by the following combination of characters: dorsum areolate; discs on fingers and toes narrow without discernable marginal grooves; and ulnar tubercles coalesced into low fold. However, it is easily distinguished from
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFE67FA07FDD648ED" box="[511,632,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">P. s i m o n s i i</emphasis>
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by having dentigerous processes of vomers prominent (absent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFA1FFA07FF5A4B01" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simonsii">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFA1FFA07FF5A4B01" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">P. simonsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); tympanic annulus and membrane distinct (absent); and Toe V slightly shorter than Toe III (Toes III and V about equal in length). In lacking well-defined marginal grooves on the discs on the fingers and toes,
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFA84F9CFFAC14B25" box="[1308,1391,1560,1583]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stipa">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFA84F9CFFAC14B25" box="[1308,1391,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">P. stipa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be confused with
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFEC4F9ECFE734B59" box="[348,477,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFEC4F9ECFE774B59" box="[348,473,1595,1619]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phrynopus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The only species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFD5BF9ECFC924B59" box="[707,828,1595,1619]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFD5BF9ECFC924B59" box="[707,828,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Phrynopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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known from the Cordillera Occidental is
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFA94F9EBFA354B59" box="[1292,1435,1595,1619]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thompsoni">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFA94F9EBFA354B59" box="[1292,1435,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">P. thompsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from farther south in Región La Libertad. This species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFC86F988FC394B7D" box="[798,919,1631,1655]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFC86F988FC394B7D" box="[798,919,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Phrynopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8CFFDFFBB3F9B7FB5F4B7D" box="[1067,1265,1632,1655]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stipa">
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<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFBB3F9B7FB5F4B7D" box="[1067,1265,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">Pristimantis stipa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having longitudinal rows of pustules on the dorsum, tympanic annulus and membrane absent, Fingers I and II equal in length, and venter tan with brown spots.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36DCCC1FF8CFFDDFF51F91CFE6E49C0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8CFFDEFF51F91CFB684DDE" blockId="8.[151,1436,798,2015]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8CFFDFFF51F91CFDBB4BEE" bold="true" box="[201,533,1739,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55">
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Description of the
|
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<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8CFFDFFE3FF91BFDBE4BEE" box="[423,528,1740,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Adult female with robust body; head narrow, not as wide than body, wider than long; head width 37.6% of SVL; head length 30.4% of SVL; snout short lacking terminal tubercle, bluntly rounded in dorsal and lateral views; eye–nostril distance 69.2% of eye diameter; nostrils rounded, directed dorsolaterally; canthus rostralis straight in dorsal view, slightly curved in profile; loreal region concave; lips rounded; upper eyelid lacking tubercles; upper eyelid width 96.7% of IOD; tympanic annulus present, weakly defined, with the posterodorsal margin obscured by supratympanic fold, tympanum diameter 35.8% of eye diameter, tympanum–eye distance about 1.5 times tympanum diameter; one enlarged postrictal tubercle on left side and two different-sized postrictal tubercles on right side. Choanae small, ovoid, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, narrowly separated, situated posteromedial to choanae, each bearing three teeth; tongue twice as long as wide, notched behind, free posteriorly for two thirds of its length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF08CFC2FF8DFFDEFF0FFB9BFAF2498B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280564/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[258,1328,265,1078]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8DFFDEFF0FFB9BFAF2498B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1100,1153]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8DFFDEFF0FFB9BFEBC4968" bold="true" box="[151,274,1100,1123]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Living adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8DFFDEFE59FB99FDDA4969" box="[449,628,1102,1123]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stipa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8DFFDEFE59FB99FDDA4969" box="[449,628,1102,1123]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Pristimantis stipa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A, B) Dorsolateral and ventral views of the female holotype, CORBIDI 2833, 35.1 mm SVL. (C, D) Dorsolateral and lateral views of a male paratype, CORBIDI 2834, 24.4 mm SVL. Photos by PJV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8DFFDEFF51FB7FFC5A4892" blockId="9.[151,1436,1192,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Skin on dorsum areolate; dorsolateral fold prominent, fleshy, and discontinuous; skin on flanks, ventral surfaces of thighs, belly, chest, and throat coarsely areolate; discoidal fold only present as prominent thoracic fold; cloacal sheath short; cloacal region tuberculate. Ulnar tubercles coalesced into low fold; palmar tubercles fleshy, elevated, outer palmar tubercle bifid, approximately twice size of ovoid, thenar tubercle; distal subarticular tubercles weakly defined, except proximally, round in ventral and lateral views; supernumerary tubercle sat bases of Fingers II and III distinct; fingers lacking lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs on fingers narrow with rounded tips; pads on fingers lacking circumferential grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8DFFDEFC17FA57FC604892" box="[911,974,1408,1432]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1184,1207]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,595,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,595,1163]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A, B) Hand and foot of Pristimantis mariaelenae. (C, D) Hand and foot of Pristimantis stipa. Scale bars = 3 mm. Photos by L. Alza." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280559/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8DFFDEFF51FA73FDE64BB2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1192,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360DFDAFF8DFFDEFF51FA73FEAF48B6" box="[201,257,1444,1468]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs slender, tibia length 34.1% of SVL; foot length 39.6% of SVL; upper surfaces of hind limbs areolate; posterior and ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; heel lacking tubercles; outer surface of tarsus lacking tubercles; short inner tarsal fold present; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, elliptical, twice size of low, oval outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface areolate; subarticular tubercles well defined, round in ventral and lateral views; toes lacking lateral fringes; webbing absent; discs on toes narrow with rounded tips, like those on fingers; toes lacking circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: 1<2<3>5<4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8DFFDEFC2EF98FFC584B7A" box="[950,1014,1624,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1184,1207]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,595,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,595,1163]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A, B) Hand and foot of Pristimantis mariaelenae. (C, D) Hand and foot of Pristimantis stipa. Scale bars = 3 mm. Photos by L. Alza." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280559/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D); Toe III slightly longer than Toe V (disc on Toe V reaching to third subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, tip of the disc on Toe III extending to distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8DFFDEFF51F912FD924A2E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1192,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8DFFDEFE25F913FDB14BD6" box="[445,543,1732,1756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm): SVL 35.1; tibia length 12.0; foot length 13.9; head length 10.7; head width 13.2; eye diameter 3.9; tympanum diameter 1.4; interorbital distance 3.1; upper eyelid width 3.0; internarial distance 2.9; eye–nostril distance 2.7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8DFFDEFF51F8E7FB4A4A9A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1192,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Color of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8DFFDEFEB6F8E7FE3E4A42" box="[302,400,1840,1864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life: The dorsum was brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8DFFDEFC98F8E7FCED4A42" box="[768,835,1840,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1100,1123]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,265,1078]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[258,1328,265,1079]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Living adults of Pristimantis stipa. (A, B) Dorsolateral and ventral views of the female holotype, CORBIDI 2833, 35.1 mm SVL. (C, D) Dorsolateral and lateral views of a male paratype, CORBIDI 2834, 24.4 mm SVL. Photos by PJV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280564/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A); the groin, posterior and anterior surface of thighs, concealed surface of shanks and dorsal surface of feet were blackish brown with irregular dirty white blotches, and the venter dark brown with white spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8DFFDEFDC3F8AFFD314A9A" box="[603,671,1912,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1100,1123]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,265,1078]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[258,1328,265,1079]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Living adults of Pristimantis stipa. (A, B) Dorsolateral and ventral views of the female holotype, CORBIDI 2833, 35.1 mm SVL. (C, D) Dorsolateral and lateral views of a male paratype, CORBIDI 2834, 24.4 mm SVL. Photos by PJV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280564/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The iris was grayish white with brown mottling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8DFFDEFF51F84BFA2A4AD2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1192,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Color of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8DFFDEFEACF84BFE384ABE" box="[308,406,1948,1972]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in preservative (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8DFFDEFDC4F84BFD0B4ABE" box="[604,677,1948,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1024,1047]" captionTargetBox="[150,1432,179,1010]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[147,1432,179,1011]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Preserved Pristimantis stipa (holotype) in dorsal (left), and ventral (rigth) views. Photos by PJV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280565/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="56">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
): In ethanol, the coloration is as described above, except that the blackish brown is brown, and the dirty white blotches are white; iris greenish is gray with a fine brown mottling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF08CFC2FF8EFFDDFF0FFBD7FB47491C" box="[151,1257,1024,1047]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280565/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[150,1432,179,1010]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8EFFDDFF0FFBD7FB47491C" blockId="10.[151,1257,1024,1047]" box="[151,1257,1024,1047]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFF0FFBD7FEBD491C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1024,1047]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFE1BFBD6FD98491C" box="[387,566,1025,1046]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stipa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFE1BFBD6FD98491C" box="[387,566,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Pristimantis stipa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype) in dorsal (left), and ventral (rigth) views. Photos by PJV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8EFFDDFF51FB91FE6E49C0" blockId="10.[151,1437,1094,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFF51FB91FE904955" bold="true" box="[201,318,1094,1119]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The morphology and coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8EFFDDFC8AFB90FCD04955" box="[786,894,1095,1119]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are identical to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8EFFDDFBF5FB91FB614954" box="[1133,1231,1094,1118]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8EFFDDFB79FB91FA844954" box="[1249,1322,1094,1118]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1100,1123]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,265,1078]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[258,1328,265,1079]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Living adults of Pristimantis stipa. (A, B) Dorsolateral and ventral views of the female holotype, CORBIDI 2833, 35.1 mm SVL. (C, D) Dorsolateral and lateral views of a male paratype, CORBIDI 2834, 24.4 mm SVL. Photos by PJV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280564/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
: C & D). Males are smaller than females, lack vocal slits, and have white nuptial pads on the dorsal and medial surfaces of thumb. The mottling on the throats of males is brownish cream (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8EFFDDFCE9FB59FC1B49AC" box="[881,949,1166,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1100,1123]" captionTargetBox="[258,1328,265,1078]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[258,1328,265,1079]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Living adults of Pristimantis stipa. (A, B) Dorsolateral and ventral views of the female holotype, CORBIDI 2833, 35.1 mm SVL. (C, D) Dorsolateral and lateral views of a male paratype, CORBIDI 2834, 24.4 mm SVL. Photos by PJV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280564/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D). See Table 1 for measurements and proportions of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8EFFDDFED9FB64FEDF49C1" box="[321,369,1203,1227]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DCCC1FF8EFFDDFF51FB01FCF4483C" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8EFFDDFF51FB01FCF4483C" blockId="10.[151,1437,1094,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFF51FB01FDF849E5" bold="true" box="[201,598,1238,1263]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFDC7FB00FC8649E4" box="[607,808,1239,1262]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stipa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFDC7FB00FC8649E4" box="[607,808,1239,1262]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Pristimantis stipa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8EFFDDFBD1FB00FBD749E5" box="[1097,1145,1239,1263]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in a humid puna above tree line, at an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F32AFFF8EFFDDFD83FB2DFDD64818" box="[539,632,1274,1298]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.596" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="3596.0">3596 m</quantity>
|
||
.a.s.l., on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Occidental in northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360DFDAFF8EFFDDFF0FFAC8FF64483C" box="[151,202,1311,1334]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8EFFDDFF41FAC9FEB0483C" box="[217,286,1310,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,239,1788]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Pristimantis mariaelenae and P. stipa in Peru. The red dot indicates the type locality of both species, the only locality where these species are known to date. White circles are major cities for reference." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280563/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). There it occurs syntopically with
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFD33FAF7FCF4483C" box="[683,858,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFD33FAF7FCF8483C" box="[683,854,1310,1335]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariaelenae">P. mariaelenae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DCCC1FF8EFFDDFF51FA94FB734874" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8EFFDDFF51FA94FB734874" blockId="10.[151,1437,1094,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFF51FA94FEE14851" bold="true" box="[201,335,1347,1371]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is a noun in apposition. It is the generic name of the feather grass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFAB2FA95FA3A4850" box="[1322,1428,1346,1370]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pooideae">Pooideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that is common at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8EFFDDFE17FAB0FE114875" box="[399,447,1383,1407]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and in most areas above tree line and below snow line in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360DFDAFF8EFFDDFB39FAB0FB764874" box="[1185,1240,1383,1406]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36DCCC1FF8EFFDDFF51FA5CFA8F4A24" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC89F4AFF8EFFDDFF51FA5CFA8F4A24" blockId="10.[151,1437,1094,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFF51FA5CFE9348A9" bold="true" box="[201,317,1419,1443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CC21E8FF8EFFDDFEEFFA5CFE0948A9" box="[375,423,1419,1443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Cañaris, has been poorly explored herpetologically. It is located in the northeastern corner of the Región Lambayeque at the right margin of the Río Huancabamba (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F32AFFF8EFFDDFBDFFA79FB4348CC" box="[1095,1261,1454,1478]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="3150.0" valueMax="3800.0" valueMin="2500.0">2500–3800 m</quantity>
|
||
.a.s.l.). The general landscape is a humid puna with scattered patches of elfin forest and cloud forest partially cleared for cattle ranching and cropland. The destruction of the natural habitats in Cañaris by the local people has been continuous since the 1970s; however, the general area is currently under new human pressure because of mineral exploration. Other surveys by the senior author in Cañaris and the nearby locality of Incahuasi recorded more species of strabomantid frogs, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFE3BF9B4FDA94B71" box="[419,519,1635,1659]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Lynchius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFE3BF9B4FDA94B71" box="[419,519,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Lynchius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFDA3F9B3FB8C4B71" box="[571,1058,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFDA3F9B3FD334B71" box="[571,669,1635,1659]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chimu">P. chimu</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFD30F9B3FCE04B71" box="[680,846,1635,1659]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petrobardus">P. petrobardus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFCC0F9B3FBB04B71" box="[856,1054,1635,1659]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoxocephalus">P. phoxocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and three species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFA94F9B3FA3B4B71" box="[1292,1429,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Prisitmantis</emphasis>
|
||
. Inasmuch as the unidentified species of strabomantids might be new species, probably all of the recorded species, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFE8AF97BFE794BC9" box="[274,471,1707,1731]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoxocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFE8AF97BFE794BC9" box="[274,471,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">P. phoxocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are restricted to the northern portion of the Cordillera Occidental in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F360DFDAFF8EFFDDFB6BF97CFA844BC8" box="[1267,1322,1707,1730]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is well known that most members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C77E4C9FF8EFFDDFDB7F907FCBC4BED" box="[559,786,1744,1767]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orestes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9034358FF8EFFDDFDB7F907FCBC4BED" box="[559,786,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Pristimantis orestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group have limited distributional ranges (Lehr 2007). Although some large patches of cloud forest still remain, the humid puna is strongly overgrazed by cattle and is frequently burned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134C83CFFF8EFFDDFED7F8C1FE3C4A24" box="[335,402,1814,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1077,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,949,1913]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Habitat at the type locality of Pristimantis mariaelenae and P. stipa on May 2007. The bunch grass is Stipa sp. Photo by PJV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280566/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="57">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); a high probability of future mining activity is a significant new potential threat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |