193 lines
20 KiB
XML
193 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="0DA797D36162357A41BF3BC910867A1C" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51358935-98b0-4d89-a47f-e4341171e5b9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="262765" ID-ZooBank="DCF4220B-4A73-407C-837C-54DEAE29F435" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1469091585085" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Last, Peter R., Naylor, Gavin J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. Mabel" docDate="2016" docId="03A7CA1D85631459E7C6FD13FBF402DC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4139.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4139 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bathytoshia Whitley 1933" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="354" masterDocId="FF9EB265856A1450E751FF83FFDE0766" masterDocTitle="A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights" masterLastPageNumber="368" masterPageNumber="345" pageNumber="354" updateTime="1698365466156" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B0BC178D3F9B8D08C7FE18982584A311">
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<mods:title id="ED2CEBD4AA523714516F632297AEF1DD">A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="51614201509252E34300362FA28052EC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="924C4F17490101006A3335CBAA655B75">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17A8268D67C0DD567550A95163BF002E">Naylor, Gavin J. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1DBC5995A5BCC1653676C5434BD1A53F">Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. Mabel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="788605733FD8322EBC80E9A7D9566F3A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3227B3B3E800ED151767DA3C4572E0E6">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2FFC4D4206B402A2AF8D6C0A7E500270">4139</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CF653BC23BA6DA38DB3AF1F533668E66" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A7CA1D85631459E7C6FD13FBF402DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6085203" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123198546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6085203" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A7CA1D85631459E7C6FD13FBF402DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7CA1D85631459E7C6FD13FBF402DC" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">
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<subSubSection id="C314288085631459E7C6FD13FDEF05CC" box="[151,561,656,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB17B0B85631459E7C6FD13FDEF05CC" blockId="9.[151,561,656,682]" box="[151,561,656,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">
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<heading id="D0F9CC6785631459E7C6FD13FDEF05CC" bold="true" box="[151,561,656,682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E7C6FD13FDEF05CC" bold="true" box="[151,561,656,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E7BCFD13FDEF05CC" ID-CoL="38S7" ID-ENA="2484684" authority="Whitley, 1933" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1933" box="[237,561,656,682]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E7BCFD13FEA005CC" bold="true" box="[237,382,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Bathytoshia</emphasis>
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Whitley, 1933
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C314288085631459E7C6FD55FB5B0310" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB17B0B85631459E7C6FD55FB52058A" blockId="9.[151,1164,726,749]" box="[151,1164,726,749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E7C6FD55FE16058A" ID-CoL="38S7" authority="Whitley, 1933:61" authorityName="Whitley" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,456,726,748]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E7C6FD55FECE058A" box="[151,272,726,748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Bathytoshia</emphasis>
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Whitley, 1933:61
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B5C5A985631459E683FD54FDDA058A" box="[466,516,727,748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E50BFD5BFC4F058A" ID-CoL="347DH" authority="Ogilby, 1899" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1899" box="[602,913,726,749]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thetidis">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E50BFD5BFCDA058A" box="[602,772,726,749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Dasyatis thetidis</emphasis>
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Ogilby, 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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; by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB17B0B85631459E7C6FC9AFB5B0310" blockId="9.[151,1436,793,1466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E7C6FC9AFED10454" bold="true" box="[151,271,793,818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Definition</emphasis>
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. Gigantic dasyatids (adults to
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<quantity id="4CF6D6EE85631459E53EFC9AFD220457" box="[623,764,793,818]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" unit="cm" value="235.0" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="210.0">210–260 cm</quantity>
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DW) characterised by the following: robust, rhombic disc with pectoral-fin apex narrowly angular; snout obtuse and moderately elongate (1.5–2.5 times combined orbit and spiracle length); eye small and protruding slightly; nasal curtain broadly skirt shaped; mouth rather broad, with 3–7 oral papillae; tail firm and short to moderately elongate (length <1–2 times DW), its base broad to very broad and depressed; pelvic fins medium-sized, protruding slightly to greatly beyond disc; dorsal fold absent or forming a low ridge; ventral fold low with a short or long base; caudal sting not posterior on tail (distance from pectoral-fin insertion to caudal-sting base 2.2–3 times interspiracular width); skin smooth or rough and denticle band absent; median thorns absent or in a row extending along disc and onto tail, scapular thorns small or absent; tail spiny with bucklers and tubercles on dorsal midline of adults; dorsal colour largely plain; ventral surface white, disc margin sometimes dark; tail plain, usually black distally; marine, Atlantic and Indo–
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<collectingRegion id="49CAB5E985631459E4A1FBDEFBF70310" box="[1008,1065,1117,1142]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">West</collectingRegion>
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Pacific.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C314288085631459E796FB02FAF603FC" box="[199,1320,1153,1178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB17B0B85631459E796FB02FAF603FC" blockId="9.[151,1436,793,1466]" box="[199,1320,1153,1178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E796FB02FEC003FC" bold="true" box="[199,286,1153,1178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Species</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E67DFB01FD5303FC" authority="Hutton, 1875" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1875" box="[300,653,1153,1178]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudata">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E67DFB01FE0003FC" box="[300,478,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">B. brevicaudata</emphasis>
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(Hutton, 1875)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E5C8FB01FC3C03FC" authority="Mitchill, 1815" authorityName="Mitchill" authorityYear="1815" box="[665,994,1153,1178]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centroura">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E5C8FB01FCFB03FF" box="[665,805,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">B. centroura</emphasis>
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(Mitchill, 1815)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E34CFB01FAFA03FC" authority="Garman, 1880" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1880" box="[1053,1316,1153,1178]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lata">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E34CFB01FBB603FC" box="[1053,1128,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">B. lata</emphasis>
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(Garman, 1880)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C314288085631459E796FB26FBF402DC" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB17B0B85631459E796FB26FBF402DC" blockId="9.[151,1436,793,1466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E796FB26FEEA03DB" bold="true" box="[199,308,1189,1213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Remarks</emphasis>
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. Former junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E5D9FB25FC7003D8" authority="Kottelat, 2013" authorityName="Kottelat" authorityYear="2013" box="[648,942,1189,1214]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E5D9FB25FD3403DB" box="[648,746,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Dasyatis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F06FA85631459E5AFFB26FC7803D8" author="Kottelat" box="[766,934,1189,1214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" refString="Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 27, 1 - 663." type="journal article" year="2013">Kottelat, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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includes a small group of very large and widely distributed stingrays. Molecular data (G. Naylor, unpubl.) provides evidence that species complexes (A)
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E7C6FB6EFEC30260" box="[151,285,1261,1286]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E7C6FB6EFEC30260" box="[151,285,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Bathytoshia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E61FFB6DFE6E0263" box="[334,432,1262,1285]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E61FFB6DFE6E0263" box="[334,432,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Dasyatis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E693FB6EFD8B0260" box="[450,597,1261,1286]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudata">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E693FB6EFD8B0260" box="[450,597,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">brevicaudata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E5DFFB6DFC0D0260" authority="Miyosi, 1939" authorityName="Miyosi" authorityYear="1939" box="[654,979,1261,1286]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matsubarai">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E5DFFB6DFCEF0260" box="[654,817,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">D. matsubarai</emphasis>
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Miyosi, 1939
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</taxonomicName>
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, and (B)
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E36FFB6EFB1A0260" box="[1086,1220,1261,1286]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E36FFB6EFB1A0260" box="[1086,1220,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Bathytoshia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E3A4FB6DFA890263" box="[1269,1367,1262,1285]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E3A4FB6DFA890263" box="[1269,1367,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Dasyatis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E238FB6EFA4B0260" box="[1385,1429,1261,1286]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lata">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E238FB6EFA4B0260" box="[1385,1429,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">lata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E7C6FA91FE67024C" authority="Ogilby, 1899" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,441,1297,1322]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thetidis">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E7C6FA91FECC024C" box="[151,274,1297,1322]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">D. thetidis</emphasis>
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Ogilby, 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E69AFA91FDE8024C" box="[459,566,1297,1322]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ushiei">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E69AFA91FDE8024C" box="[459,566,1297,1322]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">D. ushiei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F3193B9B85631459E51BFA92FD49024C" box="[586,663,1297,1322]" name="Jordan" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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& Hubbs, 1925), and eastern Atlantic stingrays identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E2D0FA91FEDA022B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centroura">
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<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E2D0FA91FEDA022B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">D. centroura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9F06FA85631459E615FAB6FD580228" author="McEachran" box="[324,646,1333,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" refString="McEachran, J. D. & Capape, C. (1984) Dasyatidae. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., Bauchot, M. - L., Hureau, J. - C., Nielsen, J. G. & Tortonese, E. (Eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. 1. UNESCO, Paris, pp. 197 - 202." type="book" year="1984">McEachran & Capapé, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are populations of just two species (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E302FAB5FAD60228" box="[1107,1288,1333,1358]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E302FAB5FAD60228" box="[1107,1288,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">D. brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E26FFAB5FA550228" box="[1342,1419,1333,1358]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E26FFAB5FA550228" box="[1342,1419,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">D. lata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). A western Atlantic species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E6B1FADAFC7C0214" authority="Mitchill, 1815" authorityName="Mitchill" authorityYear="1815" box="[480,930,1369,1394]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centroura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E6B1FADAFD000217" box="[480,734,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Bathytoshia centroura</emphasis>
|
||
(Mitchill, 1815)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is not conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E397FADAFA920214" box="[1222,1356,1369,1394]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Bathytoshia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E397FADAFA920214" box="[1222,1356,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Bathytoshia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the eastern Atlantic. The pelagic stingray
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0E008885631459E50BFAFEFBBC02F0" authority="Bonaparte, 1832" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1832" box="[602,1122,1405,1430]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Pteroplatytrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="violacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97AA71985631459E50BFAFEFC5D02F0" box="[602,899,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Pteroplatytrygon violacea</emphasis>
|
||
(Bonaparte, 1832)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which clusters with these species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1335678E85631459E7A6FA22FEE602DC" box="[247,312,1441,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dasyatidae (subfamily Dasyatinae). Topology and branch lengths resulting from a constrained Maximum Likelihood analysis of aligned NADH 2 sequence data using the GTR + I + G model. Topological constraints were derived from an unpublished ML analysis of whole mitochondrial genomes for a representative subset of the taxa (unpublished). Members of the Neotrygoninae were used as outgroups. Names shown at branch tips are those currently in use. Revised generic names proposed are shown to the right." pageId="9" pageNumber="354">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), is morphologically distinct from all other members of the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |