387 lines
50 KiB
XML
387 lines
50 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E5E12F0728C90EC84A2E64809FAA28EB">A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DCAF8BC43AAF518D18DD6EA03A1CEC02">Suzuki, Noritoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4F3BE5BBCEF9F5AA4A1A8F7363AEFF63">Caulet, Jean-Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1783D7CC26A1BD53D33BC834076AF9EE">Dumitrica, Paulian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0736F817AD5FA07D33252B3C9E86254A">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2CC8F3403AB4490700EDDBACA9D1717C">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038DDA73FF9BFE2506B2FC46FDE94887" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131703" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183733814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5131703" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038DDA73FF9BFE2506B2FC46FDE94887" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038DDA73FF9BFE2506B2FC46FDE94887" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9BFE3A06B2FC46FAAC4CDD" box="[903,1365,919,945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A06B2FC46FAAC4CDD" blockId="15.[903,1365,919,945]" box="[903,1365,919,945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
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<heading id="D0D3DC09FF9BFE3A06B2FC46FAAC4CDD" box="[903,1365,919,945]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" reason="3">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A06E2FC46FAAC4CDD" authority="Haeckel, 1862" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[983,1365,919,945]" class="Polycystinea" family="Spongosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">
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SPONGOSPHAERIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A0182FC46FAAC4CDD" author="HAECKEL E." box="[1207,1365,919,945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" refId="ref179095" refString="HAECKEL E. 1862. - Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda Radiaria). Eine Monographie. Reimer, Berlin, 572 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10155" type="book" year="1862">Haeckel, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9BFE3A0618FC1FFA494A35" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618FC1FFBEE4B77" blockId="15.[813,1455,974,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
|
||
Spongosphaerida
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A06ECFC1FFB644C8A" author="HAECKEL E." box="[985,1181,974,998]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" refId="ref179095" refString="HAECKEL E. 1862. - Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda Radiaria). Eine Monographie. Reimer, Berlin, 572 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10155" type="book" year="1862">Haeckel, 1862: 239</bibRefCitation>
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, 452 [as a tribe]; 1882: 455 [as a subfamily]. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A06C0FC38FB5D4B6D" author="MIVART S. G." box="[1013,1188,1001,1025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="136 - 186" refId="ref186892" refString="MIVART S. G. 1878. - Notes touching recent researches on the Radiolaria. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 14: 136 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1878. tb 02351. x" type="journal article" year="1878">Mivart 1878: 177</bibRefCitation>
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[as a subsection]. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A004FFC38FC6B4B77" author="STOHR E." pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="71 - 124" refId="ref196778" refString="STOHR E. 1880. - Die Radiolarienfauna der Tripoli von Grotte, Provinz Girgenti in Sicilien. Palaeontographica 26: 71 - 124. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33300080" type="journal article" year="1880">Stöhr 1880: 119</bibRefCitation>
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[as a family].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618FBE3FA934B26" blockId="15.[813,1386,1074,1098]" box="[813,1386,1074,1098]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
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Spongosphaeria –
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A06EAFBE3FB3A4B26" author="DUNIKOWSKI E." box="[991,1219,1074,1098]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="163 - 194" refId="ref175625" refString="DUNIKOWSKI E. 1882. - Die Spongien, Radiolarien und Foraminiferen der unterliassischen Schichten vom Schafberg bei Salzburg. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 45: 163 - 194. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7216008" type="journal article" year="1882">Dunikowski 1882: 187</bibRefCitation>
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[as a subfamily].
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618FBB1FBF64BAB" blockId="15.[813,1455,1120,1223]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
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Spongosphaerinae –
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A013CFBB1FB4A4B14" author="MAST H." box="[1033,1203,1120,1144]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref185777" refString="MAST H. 1910. - Die Astrophaeriden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwurde, Universitat Tubingen 19 (4): 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2171" type="journal article" year="1910">Mast 1910: 177</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A01D1FBB1FA534B14" author="POPOFSKY A." box="[1252,1450,1120,1144]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="73 - 159" refId="ref192614" refString="POPOFSKY A. 1912. - Die Sphaerellarien des Warmwassergebietes, in DRYGALSKI E. (ed.), Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903. Vol. 13. Georg Reimer, Berlin, Germany: 73 - 159. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2138893" type="book chapter" year="1912">Popofsky 1912: 93</bibRefCitation>
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, 111. —
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A06B7FBABFB424BFE" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." box="[898,1211,1146,1170]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF9BFE3A06B7FBABFC244BFE" box="[898,989,1146,1170]" name="Netherlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollande</collectingCountry>
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||
& Enjumet 1960: 68
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 97. — Anderson 1983: 51, 57. —
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A06A9FB44FB3C4BC1" author="CACHON J. & CACHON M." box="[924,1221,1173,1197]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="283 - 295" refId="ref170614" refString="CACHON J. & CACHON M. 1985. - 2. Class Polycystinea, in LEE J. J., HUTNER S. H. & BOVEE E. C. (eds), An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence Kansas: 283 - 295." type="book chapter" year="1985">Cachon & Cachon 1985: 287</bibRefCitation>
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||
[with wrong authors as
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF9BFE3A0618FB7EFC714BAB" box="[813,904,1199,1223]" name="Netherlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollande</collectingCountry>
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& Enjumet].
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618FB0CFAD24B9A" blockId="15.[813,1323,1245,1270]" box="[813,1323,1245,1270]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF9BFE3A0618FB0CFAD24B9A" box="[813,1323,1245,1270]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0618FB0CFC394B99" ID-CoL="7LK6" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[813,960,1245,1269]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Spongosphaera</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF9BFE3A06ECFB0CFB534B99" author="HERTWIG R." box="[985,1194,1245,1270]" page="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" year="1937">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A06ECFB0CFB534B99" author="HERTWIG R." box="[985,1194,1245,1270]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref180030" refString="HERTWIG R. 1937. - Uber den Bau der Peripyleen. II Teil. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, new series 41: 1 - 33. https: // www. zobodat. at / pdf / Abhandlungen-Akademie-Bayern _ NF _ 41 _ 0001 - 0033. pdf" type="book chapter" year="1937">Hertwig 1937: 22-25</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
[as a group].
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618FADDFA494A35" blockId="15.[813,1456,1292,1369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB344C4BFF9BFE3A0618FADDFA494A35" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0618FADDFC264A48" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[813,991,1292,1316]" class="Polycystinea" family="Spongosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Spongosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF9BFE3A06CBFADDFAC04A48" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." box="[1022,1337,1292,1316]" page="68" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" year="1960">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A06CBFADDFAC04A48" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." box="[1022,1337,1292,1316]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF9BFE3A06CBFADDFBA34A48" box="[1022,1114,1292,1316]" name="Netherlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Enjumet 1960: 68
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 95, 96. — Anderson 1983: 50, 57. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF9BFE3A010EFAF7FA9D4A52" author="CACHON J. & CACHON M." box="[1083,1380,1318,1342]" page="286" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" year="1985">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A010EFAF7FA9D4A52" author="CACHON J. & CACHON M." box="[1083,1380,1318,1342]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="283 - 295" refId="ref170614" refString="CACHON J. & CACHON M. 1985. - 2. Class Polycystinea, in LEE J. J., HUTNER S. H. & BOVEE E. C. (eds), An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence Kansas: 283 - 295." type="book chapter" year="1985">Cachon & Cachon 1985: 286</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A854D74FF9BFE3A00B8FAF6FC094A35" author="VAN DE PAVERD P. J." page="104" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A00B8FAF6FC094A35" author="VAN DE PAVERD P. J." pageId="15" pageNumber="418" refId="ref200909" refString="VAN DE PAVERD P. J. 1995. - Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition [PhD Thesis]: Free University, 351 p." type="book" year="1995">van de Paverd 1995: 104</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[with wrong authors as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF9BFE3A01E1FA90FAD64A35" box="[1236,1327,1345,1369]" name="Netherlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Enjumet].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9BFE3A0618FAA1FB984973" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618FAA1FA494ACE" blockId="15.[811,1456,1391,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF9BFE3A0618FAA1FCA44AE9" box="[813,861,1392,1415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
GENUS. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A06F2FABEFAE14AEB" authority="Ehrenberg, 1847: 54" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1847" box="[967,1304,1391,1415]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A06F2FABEFBB54AEB" box="[967,1100,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A0166FABEFAE14AEB" author="EHRENBERG C. G." box="[1107,1304,1391,1415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="40 - 60" refId="ref176180" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1847. - Uber die mikroskopischen kieselschaligen Polycystinen als machtige Gebirgsmasse von Barbados und uber das Verhaltniss deraus mehr als 300 neuen Arten bestehenden ganz eigenthumlichen Formengruppe jener Felsmasse zu den jetzt lebenden Thieren und zur Kreidebildung Eine neue Anregung zur Erforschung des Erdlebens. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 40 - 60. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11226274" type="book chapter" year="1847">Ehrenberg, 1847: 54</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF9BFE3A0017FAA1FAB74AE4" box="[1314,1358,1392,1416]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species by subsequent monotypy:
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0136FA58FA5F4ACE" authority="Muller, 1856: 487" authorityName="Muller" authorityPageNumber="487" authorityYear="1856" box="[1027,1446,1417,1442]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="polyacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0136FA58FB0A4ACD" box="[1027,1267,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Spongosphaera polyacantha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A01CCFA58FA5F4ACE" author="MULLER J." box="[1273,1446,1417,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="474 - 503" refId="ref187627" refString="MULLER J. 1856. - Uber die Thalassicollen, Polycystinen und Acanthometren des Mittelmeeres. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 474 - 503. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11069128" type="book chapter" year="1856">Müller, 1856: 487</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618FA69FB984973" blockId="15.[813,1456,1464,1567]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35F3A0FF9BFE3A0618FA69FC6B4AA2" box="[813,914,1464,1487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">INCLUDED</collectionCode>
|
||
GENERA. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A013CFA69FAE74ABC" authority="Mast, 1910: 61" authorityName="Mast" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1910" box="[1033,1310,1464,1488]" class="Polycystinea" family="Centrocubidae" genus="Diplospongus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A013CFA69FB7D4ABC" box="[1033,1156,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Diplospongus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A01BFFA69FAE74ABC" author="MAST H." box="[1162,1310,1464,1488]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref185777" refString="MAST H. 1910. - Die Astrophaeriden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwurde, Universitat Tubingen 19 (4): 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2171" type="journal article" year="1910">Mast, 1910: 61</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0076FA69FCA14A86" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Spongodendron</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A0668FA03FB684A86" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." box="[861,1169,1490,1514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF9BFE3A0668FA03FC414A86" box="[861,952,1490,1514]" name="Netherlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Enjumet, 1960: 99
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0183FA03FC7A4969" authority="Ehrenberg, 1847: 54" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1847" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0183FA03FAC44A86" box="[1206,1341,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A0076FA03FC7A4969" author="EHRENBERG C. G." pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="40 - 60" refId="ref176180" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1847. - Uber die mikroskopischen kieselschaligen Polycystinen als machtige Gebirgsmasse von Barbados und uber das Verhaltniss deraus mehr als 300 neuen Arten bestehenden ganz eigenthumlichen Formengruppe jener Felsmasse zu den jetzt lebenden Thieren und zur Kreidebildung Eine neue Anregung zur Erforschung des Erdlebens. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 40 - 60. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11226274" type="book chapter" year="1847">Ehrenberg, 1847: 54</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A06AAFA3CFBDE4969" box="[927,1063,1517,1541]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexadoridium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A06AAFA3CFBDE4969" box="[927,1063,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Hexadoridium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0118FA3CFB954969" bold="true" box="[1069,1132,1517,1541]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF9BFE3A0118FA3CFB954969" box="[1069,1132,1517,1541]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0142FA3CFAD54969" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1143,1324,1517,1541]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Spongosphaeromma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0142FA3CFAD54969" box="[1143,1324,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Spongosphaeromma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9BFE3A067EF9D9FBAC4973" author="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H." box="[843,1109,1543,1567]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref183303" refString="KOZUR H. & MOSTLER H. 1979. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil III: Die Oberfamilien Actinommacea HAECKEL 1862 emend., Artiscacea HAECKEL 1882, Multiarcusellacea nov. der Spumellaria und triassische Nassellaria. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 9 (1 / 2): 1 - 132." type="journal article" year="1979">Kozur & Mostler 1979: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9BFE3A0618F9E7FB734921" box="[813,1162,1589,1613]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618F9E7FB734921" blockId="15.[813,1162,1589,1613]" box="[813,1162,1589,1613]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
|
||
NOMEN DUBIUM. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A06C9F9E4FB7D4921" box="[1020,1156,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Spongioconcha</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9BFE3A0618F9B5FAF448D6" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618F9B5FC0A49DD" blockId="15.[811,1457,1636,1978]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">DIAGNOSIS. — Thick spongy spherical cortical skeleton with a single or double medullary shell and a variable number of threebladed radial spines.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618F965FAF448D6" blockId="15.[811,1457,1636,1978]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">
|
||
Protoplasm is well observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9BFE3A0178F965FB2B49A0" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[1101,1234,1716,1740]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF9BFE3A0178F965FB2B49A0" box="[1101,1234,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Endoplasm of brownish gray color, filling a spongy shell. Dark brownish red to reddish brown granular pigments surround the surface of the endoplasm. Axopodia radiate throughout the endoplasm. Algal symbionts are scattered on the endoplasm. Axopodial system of centroaxoplastidtype: the Axoplast is a very small fused point, located within the inner microsphere (inner double medullary shell). Nucleus is located inside the outer medullary shell or is found wrapping it. Significant bundles of axoneme are not present. Instead of bundles, axoneme radiate evenly throughout the intracapsular zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9BFE3A0618F802FA664887" box="[813,1439,2003,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9BFE3A0618F802FA664887" blockId="15.[813,1439,2003,2027]" box="[813,1439,2003,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="418">STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — early Middle Miocene-Living.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF84FE2505B1FF29FEEF4A02" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF84FE2505B1FF29FF114E7C" blockId="16.[131,776,248,1390]" box="[132,232,248,274]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF84FE2505B1FEC6FEEF4A02" blockId="16.[131,776,248,1390]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE25043DFEC6FE554E5D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[264,428,279,305]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE25043DFEC6FE554E5D" box="[264,428,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a double medullary shell and straight three-bladed radial spines. We place the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250453FE86FE0C4E1D" authorityName="Mast" authorityYear="1910" box="[358,501,343,369]" class="Polycystinea" family="Centrocubidae" genus="Diplospongus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE250453FE86FE0C4E1D" box="[358,501,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Diplospongus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE250719FE86FD2B4E1D" box="[556,722,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongodendron</emphasis>
|
||
into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE2505B6FEA6FEA84EFD" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[131,337,375,401]" class="Polycystinea" family="Spongosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Spongosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the presence of three-bladed radial spines, although both genera seem to have a single medullary shell. As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE25046EFE67FD734EBC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[347,650,438,464]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="streptacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE25046EFE67FD734EBC" box="[347,650,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera streptacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typically found in plankton samples from tropical to subtropical oceans, many observations were related as well as personally observed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE2505CCFDC7FE5E4D5C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[249,423,534,560]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="streptacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2505CCFDC7FE5E4D5C" box="[249,423,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">S. streptacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250704FDC7FD414D5C" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1876" box="[561,696,534,560]" class="Polycystina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="order">Spumellaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose images can be captured in the ocean with an autonomous visual plankton recorder (A-VPR) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE25073BFD87FD064D1C" author="NAKAMURA Y. & SOMIYA R. & SUZUKI N. & UMETSU M. & GUCHI A. & LINDSAY D. J." box="[526,767,598,624]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="95 - 103" refId="ref188007" refString="NAKAMURA Y., SOMIYA R., SUZUKI N., HIDAKA- UMETSU M., YAMA- GUCHI A. & LINDSAY D. J. 2017. - Optics-based surveys of large unicellular zooplankton: a case study on radiolarians and phaeodarians. Plankton & Benthos Research 12 (2): 95 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.3800 / pbr. 12.95" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Nakamura
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2507BEFD86FD464D1C" box="[651,703,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2.C). Thus, its taxonomic stability and oceanographic response are important. The number of radial beams of this species is varies from six to twelve, its internal structure was also illustrated in detail (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE25073CFD04FF394C63" author="KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A." pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref183913" refString="KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A. 2004. - Shell structure and morphologic variation in Spongosphaera steptacantha Haeckel (Spumellaria, Radiolaria). Science Reports of Niigata University, Series E, (Geology) 19: 35 - 48. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10191 / 2141" type="journal article" year="2004">Kurihara & Matsuoka 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). By referring to this case, other genera belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250592FCC4FE8C4C43" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[167,373,789,815]" class="Polycystinea" family="Spongosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Spongosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
presumably have significant variations. The fine protoplasmic structure was illustrated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE2505B3FC84FEEF4C03" authorityName="Mast" authorityYear="1910" box="[134,278,853,879]" class="Polycystinea" family="Centrocubidae" genus="Diplospongus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2505B3FC84FEEF4C03" box="[134,278,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Diplospongus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE250411FC84FDAC4C03" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." box="[292,597,853,879]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF84FE250411FC84FE774C03" box="[292,398,853,879]" name="Netherlands" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Enjumet 1960
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 6, figs 4-9),
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2505B6FCA4FEDF4CE3" box="[131,294,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongodendron</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE250402FCA4FD9A4CE3" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." box="[311,611,885,911]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF84FE250402FCA4FE664CE3" box="[311,415,885,911]" name="Netherlands" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Enjumet 1960
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 6, figs 1-3; pl. 7, fig. 5) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250461FC44FE0C4CC3" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[340,501,917,943]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE250461FC44FE0C4CC3" box="[340,501,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE25073FFC44FF464CA3" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF84FE25073FFC44FD8F4CC3" box="[522,630,917,943]" name="Netherlands" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Enjumet 1960
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 9, figs 8-10; pl. 22, figs 8, 9; pl. 23, figs 1, 2; pl. 24, fig. 2; pl. 26, fig. 4). An image of living forms was illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE25041CFC25FE3E4B62" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[297,455,1012,1038]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE25041CFC25FE3E4B62" box="[297,455,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE2504ECFC25FD4C4B63" author="CACHON J. & CACHON M. & ESTEP K. W." box="[473,693,1012,1039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="334 - 346" refId="ref170669" refString="CACHON J., CACHON M. & ESTEP K. W. 1989. - Phylum Actinopoda Classes Polycystina (= Radiolaria) and Phaeodaria, in MARGULIS L., CORLISS J. O., MELKONIAN M. & CHAPMAN D. J. (eds), Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Barlett Publishers, Boston: 334 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1989">
|
||
Cachon
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE25070EFC24FD8B4B62" box="[571,626,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE2505B0FBC5FEC24B42" author="MATSUOKA A." box="[133,315,1044,1070]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="273 - 279" refId="ref186116" refString="MATSUOKA A. 2007. - Living radiolarian feeding mechanisms: new light on past marine ecosystems. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 100 (2): 273 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00015 - 007 - 1228 - y" type="journal article" year="2007">Matsuoka 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5.a; 2017: figs 6.1, 6.2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE2507ADFBC5FEF84B22" author="MATSUOKA A. & SUZUKI N. & ITO T. & KIMOTO K. & TUJI A. & ICHINOHE R. & LI X." pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="103 - 123" refId="ref186327" refString="MATSUOKA A., SUZUKI N., ITO T., KIMOTO K., TUJI A., ICHINOHE R. & LI X. 2017. - Excursion guide to the radiolarians of the East China Sea near Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan: An important research station for living radiolarian studies. Science Reports of Niigata University, Series E, (Geology) 32 (supplement): 103 - 123. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10191 / 48676" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Matsuoka
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2505B1FBE4FF444B22" box="[132,189,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: appendix A). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE250764FBE5FCF84B23" author="CACHON J." box="[593,769,1076,1103]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref170270" refString="CACHON J. 1964. - Contribution a l'etude des Peridiniens parasites. Citologie, cycles evolutifs. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie et Biologie animale, Serie 12 6: 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1964">Cachon (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE2505A5FB85FED64B02" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[144,303,1108,1134]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2505A5FB85FED64B02" box="[144,303,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is infected with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250730FB85FD064B02" box="[517,767,1108,1134]" class="Syndinea" family="Duboscquellaceae" genus="Hollandella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Syndiniales" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="myceloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE250730FB85FD064B02" box="[517,767,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Hollandella myceloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is impossible to amend the taxonomic name for the host without having a more complete image.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE2507FFFB45FE7F4BA2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="streptacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2507FFFB45FE7F4BA2" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera streptacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can exceptionally survive in high temperatures (> 30°C) in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF84FE2504E5FB05FDD44B82" box="[464,557,1236,1262]" name="Malaysia" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Malacca</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE2507B4FB05FF464A62" author="ZHANG J. & ZHANG L. L. & XIANG R. & SUZUKI N. & QIU Z. & ZHANG Q." pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="104245" refId="ref202572" refString="ZHANG J., ZHANG L. L., XIANG R., SUZUKI N., QIU Z. & ZHANG Q. 2020. - Radiolarian biogeographic contrast between spring of 2017 and winter of 2017 - 2018 in the South China sea and Malacca Strait. Continental Shelf Research 208: 104245. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. csr. 2020.104245" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2507E7FB05FCFE4B82" box="[722,775,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is also regularly found in 17.1-19.4°C in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF84FE2505B0FAC5FF3C4A42" box="[133,197,1300,1326]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE250437FAC2FDB84A42" author="KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A." box="[258,577,1299,1326]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="83 - 92" refId="ref183968" refString="KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A. 2010. - Living radiolarian fauna of late autumn (November 13, 2008) in surface-subsurface waters of the Japan Sea off Tassha, Sado Island, central Japan. Science Reports of the Niigata University, Series E: Geology and Mineralogy 25: 83 - 92." type="journal article" year="2010">Kurihara & Matsuoka 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is the only one species with this very wide range of survival sea water temperature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF84FE2505B1FA45FDE94887" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF84FE2505B1FA45FE954AC0" blockId="16.[131,775,1428,2028]" box="[132,364,1428,1454]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">VALIDITY OF GENERA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF84FE2505B1FA62FEE74AA1" blockId="16.[131,775,1428,2028]" box="[132,286,1459,1485]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE2505B1FA62FEE74AA1" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[132,286,1459,1485]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2505B1FA62FEE74AA1" box="[132,286,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF84FE2505B1FA02FDE94887" blockId="16.[131,775,1428,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">
|
||
Morphological variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250490FA02FDC04A81" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[421,569,1491,1517]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE250490FA02FDC04A81" box="[421,569,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was well illustrated in many previous studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE25048FFA22FD064961" author="KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A." box="[442,767,1523,1549]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref183913" refString="KURIHARA T. & MATSUOKA A. 2004. - Shell structure and morphologic variation in Spongosphaera steptacantha Haeckel (Spumellaria, Radiolaria). Science Reports of Niigata University, Series E, (Geology) 19: 35 - 48. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10191 / 2141" type="journal article" year="2004">Kurihara & Matsuoka 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE2505B1F9C2FE9B4941" author="VAN DE PAVERD P. J." box="[132,354,1554,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" refId="ref200909" refString="VAN DE PAVERD P. J. 1995. - Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition [PhD Thesis]: Free University, 351 p." type="book" year="1995">van de Paverd 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 28, figs 2, 5-7).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250767F9C3FD174940" box="[594,750,1554,1580]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexadoridium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE250767F9C3FD174940" box="[594,750,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Hexadoridium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by two concentric medullary lattice shells and a spongy octahedral shell (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE2504D4F983FD694901" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[481,656,1618,1645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D60). As the specimen identifiable as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE25048AF9A3FCFE49E0" box="[447,775,1650,1676]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexadoridium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="species" species="streptacanthum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE25048AF9A3FCFE49E0" box="[447,775,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Hexadoridium streptacanthum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is regarded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE25042CF943FDCF49C0" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1856" box="[281,566,1682,1708]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="polyacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE25042CF943FDCF49C0" box="[281,566,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera polyacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE25074CF943FCFF49C0" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[633,774,1682,1708]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="streptacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE25074CF943FCFF49C0" box="[633,774,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">streptacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE250591F962FE7849A1" author="VAN DE PAVERD P. J." box="[164,385,1714,1741]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" refId="ref200909" refString="VAN DE PAVERD P. J. 1995. - Recent Polycystine Radiolaria from the Snellius-II Expedition [PhD Thesis]: Free University, 351 p." type="book" year="1995">van de Paverd (1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 2, fig. 2),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250722F963FD6549A0" box="[535,668,1714,1740]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexadorium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE250722F963FD6549A0" box="[535,668,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Hexadorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE2505E9F903FE8F4980" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[220,374,1746,1772]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2505E9F903FE8F4980" box="[220,374,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE2504B0F903FDAC4980" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[389,597,1746,1772]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Spongosphaeromma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2504B0F903FDAC4980" box="[389,597,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaeromma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by two medullary lattice shells surrounded by a cortical shell bearing many radial spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE250737F8C3FD4B4840" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[514,690,1809,1836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: D68).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF84FE2505B3F8E0FDEE4820" author="NISHIMURA A. & YAMAUCHI M." box="[134,535,1841,1868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref189073" refString="NISHIMURA A. & YAMAUCHI M. 1984. - Radiolarians from the Nankai Trough in the Northwest Pacific. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, special Volume 6: 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1984">Nishimura & Yamauchi (1984: 33)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seems to be the first paper to illustrate the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF84FE2504BDF883FE414800" box="[392,440,1874,1900]" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE25072DF880FD134807" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[536,746,1873,1899]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Spongosphaeromma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE25072DF880FD134807" box="[536,746,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaeromma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE2505A5F8A0FE7348E7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1862" box="[144,394,1905,1931]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="helioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE2505A5F8A0FE7348E7" box="[144,394,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera helioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and this morphological character fits with not only the definition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE25073CF840FD2048C7" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[521,729,1937,1963]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Spongosphaeromma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE25073CF840FD2048C7" box="[521,729,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaeromma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but also the variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250442F860FDEB48A7" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[375,530,1969,1995]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE250442F860FDEB48A7" box="[375,530,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF84FE250717F860FD4648A7" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[546,703,1969,1995]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Spongosphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="419" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950B777FF84FE250717F860FD4648A7" box="[546,703,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="419">Spongosphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the oldest available name among them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |