402 lines
53 KiB
XML
402 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="8EECCB3C470FD21FC6FFB4B410A1BC4C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057828" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625188528868" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Samaai, Toufiek, Gibbons, Mark J. & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2006" docId="038D1B081373FF96FED7FC2837FFFA84" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01127p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1127 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1127.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Latrunculia (Biannulata) austini Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E3ADBD91-62BA-446E-98B9-1C970E712FC3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFB46370135EFFB9FFDFFFBE3668F90A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698982629527" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1EC8A84AE10509A279DBA3EF5419C331">Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA7F5EC36C532BBD9EC4F54835BAC671">Samaai, Toufiek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36F3A91DB99A4EE8442607CA1703AD98">Gibbons, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D92BA0E130D7CF39312FC17A95895C2">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="067597156F53A7055EFC9C70A792D61B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B0409E680EC0C469DED10579A95DE105">
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<mods:date id="7E46DAC9F0B308A9D87FF0400DAC4A15">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="32A8F6008DDC93E74A9D50551DFC4151">2006-02-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F056D13232926A7E0F42E1A3B3885937">1127</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5DCAB5B0B73E2A9E1C70E45C6CF21297">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1127.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D006798BA42CF41389F9578C089C1ECE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2ACCD0DDEED5162EAC111EDBF189ADEE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1127.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038D1B081373FF96FED7FC2837FFFA84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057864" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E3ADBD91-62BA-446E-98B9-1C970E712FC3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D1B081373FF96FED7FC2837FFFA84" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C33EF9951373FF94FED7FC283493FABA" box="[264,763,918,944]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1373FF94FED7FC283493FABA" blockId="45.[264,763,918,979]" box="[264,763,918,944]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0D31D721373FF94FED7FC283493FABA" bold="true" box="[264,763,918,944]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1373FF94FED7FC283493FABA" bold="true" box="[264,763,918,944]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1373FF94FED7FC2834FFFABA" ID-CoL="3SLY8" authority="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly, 2006" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,663,918,944]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Biannulata">
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<emphasis id="B950760C1373FF94FED7FC2837F0FABA" bold="true" box="[264,408,918,944]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Latrunculia</emphasis>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="B950760C1373FF94FE75FC28345AFABA" bold="true" box="[426,562,918,944]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Biannulata</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B950760C1373FF94FD9BFC2834FFFABA" bold="true" box="[580,663,918,944]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">austini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB771373FF94FD41FC283493FABA" box="[670,763,918,944]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951373FF94FED7FC0734C9FAD9" box="[264,673,953,979]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1373FF94FED7FC0734C9FAD9" blockId="45.[264,763,918,979]" box="[264,673,953,979]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1373FF94FECFFC073719FAD9" box="[272,369,953,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 1O</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1373FF94FEA1FC0737CCFAD9" box="[382,420,953,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); C. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); D. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; E. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; F. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia austini sp. nov. (PICTURE TAKEN BY BILL AUSTIN)." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">3H</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1373FF94FE6FFC0737BFFAD9" box="[432,471,953,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="39.[264,367,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,291,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-89@39.[268,1318,291,1580]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; B. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Latrunculia austini sp. nov.; E. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; F. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057834/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">5D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131FB69B1373FF94FE3CFC07379CFAD9" box="[483,500,953,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="46.[264,367,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[308,1246,1097,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-335@46.[308,1260,1092,1621]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 7. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Biannulata) species. Distributions of A) Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, B) Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet, C) Latrunculia purpurea Carter, D) Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin; E) Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly; F) Latrunculia microacanthoxea Samaai and Kelly; G) Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez et al.; H) Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al.; I) Latrunculia procumbens Alvarez et al.; J) Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al., 2002; K) Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al.; L) Latrunculia millerae Alvarez et al.; M). Latrunculia austini sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057836/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">7</figureCitation>
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||
;
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||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51373FF94FDDEFC07340BFAD9" box="[513,611,953,979]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="21.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2: Review of Latrunculia species worldwide, including material examined and new additions from recent collections and museum material. NE = Material not examined, dispersed in various collections worldwide." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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||
&
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<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51373FF94FD57FC0734FFFAD9" box="[648,663,953,979]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">3</tableCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951373FF94FED7FBBA32C8FD60" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1373FF94FED7FBBA3241FD49" blockId="45.[264,1323,1028,1891]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
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<emphasis id="B950760C1373FF94FED7FBBA3792FD14" bold="true" box="[264,506,1028,1054]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1373FF94FED7FBBA3712FD14" box="[264,378,1028,1054]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
material.
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431373FF94FDD7FBB8324DFD49" county="British Columbia" latitude="49.758335" location="Sutton Islands" longLatPrecision="109" longitude="-123.92667" municipality="Jervis Inlet" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549F14BC1373FF94FDD7FBB83403FD17" box="[520,619,1030,1053]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
982621 (Royal British Columbia Museum),
|
||
<location id="8EFBFCC51373FF94FB5AFBB8334EFD17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081373FF96FED7FC2837FFFA84:8EFBFCC51373FF94FB5AFBB8334EFD17" box="[1157,1318,1030,1053]" county="British Columbia" latitude="49.758335" longLatPrecision="109" longitude="-123.92667" municipality="Jervis Inlet" name="Sutton Islands" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sutton Islands</location>
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,
|
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFF30641373FF94FED7FB9237E8FD49" box="[264,384,1068,1091]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Jervis Inlet</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62FAD2921373FF94FE4DFB923425FD49" box="[402,589,1068,1091]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">British Columbia</collectingCounty>
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, (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91373FF94FDBFFB9234BBFD49" box="[608,723,1068,1091]" degrees="49" direction="north" minutes="45.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="49.758335">49° 45.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91373FF94FD05FB92350DFD49" box="[730,869,1068,1091]" degrees="123" direction="west" minutes="55.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="-123.92667">123° 55.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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); depth 30 meters
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1373FF94FEE7FBEF32C8FD60" blockId="45.[264,1323,1028,1891]" box="[312,1184,1105,1131]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
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<emphasis id="B950760C1373FF94FEE7FBEF3793FD61" bold="true" box="[312,507,1105,1131]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Other material.</emphasis>
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B4CA0431373FF94FDDDFBED32F4FD60" box="[514,1180,1107,1130]" country="Georgia" county="British Columbia" location="White Islets" municipality="Strait" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="5">
|
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<location id="8EFBFCC51373FF94FDDDFBED34EDFD60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D1B081373FF96FED7FC2837FFFA84:8EFBFCC51373FF94FDDDFBED34EDFD60" box="[514,645,1107,1130]" country="Georgia" county="British Columbia" municipality="Strait" name="White Islets" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">White Islets</location>
|
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,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFF30641373FF94FD4FFBED34A1FD60" box="[656,713,1107,1130]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Strait</collectingMunicipality>
|
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of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1373FF94FD32FBED352DFD60" box="[749,837,1107,1130]" name="Georgia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FAD2921373FF94FC90FBED3263FD60" box="[847,1035,1107,1130]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">British Columbia</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2261971373FF94FBCAFBED32F4FD60" box="[1045,1180,1107,1130]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951373FF97FEE7FBC735DDFB7C" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1373FF94FEE7FBC73401FC51" blockId="45.[264,1323,1028,1891]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1373FF94FEE7FBC737B8FD99" bold="true" box="[312,464,1145,1171]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Spherical sponge,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1373FF94FD6FFBC73490FD99" box="[688,760,1145,1171]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
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||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1373FF94FC4AFBC7359BFD99" box="[917,1011,1145,1171]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gross morphology of Latrunculia spp: A. L. bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); B. Latrunculia apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); C. Latrunculia brevis Ridley and Dendy 1887 (REPRODUCED FROM RIDLEY AND DENDY 1887); D. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; E. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; F. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); G. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); H. Latrunculia austini sp. nov. (PICTURE TAKEN BY BILL AUSTIN)." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
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||
). Surface smooth, velvety, with one large osculum,
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||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1373FF94FDF0FB1F34EBFDB1" box="[559,643,1185,1211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, and numerous clusters of low flush areolate porefields
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||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1373FF94FE5BFB773792FDE9" box="[388,506,1225,1251]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 mm</quantity>
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in diameter. Texture compressible, leathery and the ectosome is often largely missing giving the sponge a ragged appearance. The colour in life is brownish grey to purple brown; the sponge loses pigment in alcohol but remains dark. In formalin the pigment turns a purple colour.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1373FF94FEE7FAD7354CFFE1" blockId="45.[264,1323,1028,1891]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1373FF94FEE7FAD737C2FC89" bold="true" box="[312,426,1385,1411]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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The choanosomal skeleton is an irregular polygonalmeshed reticulation formed by wispy tracts of smooth styles with no distinction between the primary and secondary tracts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1373FF94FE05FA073453FCD9" box="[474,571,1465,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="39.[264,367,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,291,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-89@39.[268,1318,291,1580]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; B. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Latrunculia austini sp. nov.; E. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; F. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057834/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tracts range in width from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1373FF94FC11FA073230FCD9" box="[974,1112,1465,1491]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="105.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="90.0">90–120 m</quantity>
|
||
in thickness, and form meshes that are
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1373FF94FDDAFA5F3409FCF1" box="[517,609,1505,1531]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
wide. In the deeper choanosome, tracts are robust and dense with no clear pattern, diverging in some areas towards the surface where the spicules tend to be vertically arranged and radiate in plumose tracts
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1373FF94FC11F98F325AFF41" box="[974,1074,1585,1611]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
wide. Between the choanosomal layer and ectosome clear circular bands are visible, indicating an absence of megascleres in those regions. The surface of the ectosome is lined with a palisade of anisodiscorhabds. Beneath the ectosomal palisade is a thin dense paratangential layer of megascleres, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1373FF94FD88F96F34B6FFE1" box="[599,734,1745,1771]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="100.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="50.0">50–150 m</quantity>
|
||
deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1373FF97FEE7F94735A2F88C" blockId="45.[264,1323,1028,1891]" lastBlockId="46.[264,1323,284,1030]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1373FF94FEE7F94737CDFE19" bold="true" box="[312,421,1785,1811]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Megascleres: styles are smooth, centrally thickened, fairly blunt, 376 (335–402) um x 9 (8–11) um, n=20. Microscleres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1373FF94FC7FF89F326BFE31" box="[928,1027,1825,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1O</figureCitation>
|
||
): anisodiscorhabds, the manubrium is poorly developed with irregular disposed quite long spines. The median whorl of distinct spines is broader than the subsidiary whorl that slants upwards and is microspined. The spines of the apical whorl are almost parallel with the axis, ending in a crownlike tuft of acute convex spines, 58 (51–64) m long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1370FF97FEE7FE2D3506FB44" blockId="46.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FEE7FE2D356CF8A7" bold="true" box="[312,772,403,429]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Substrate, depth range and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
To date this species is only recorded for the Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1370FF97FEAAFE0237BBF8DC" box="[373,467,444,470]" name="Georgia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Jervis Inlet, British Columbia. This species is rather uncommonly encountered but can be locally abundant in certain localities, such as Skookumchuck Narrows, Vivian Islands and Sabine Channel, British Columbia. The live sponge has a noxious odour. Depth range from 20 to at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC07FB1370FF97FCEDFD8A3506FB44" box="[818,878,564,590]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1370FF97FEE7FDE535DDFB7C" blockId="46.[264,1323,284,1030]" box="[312,949,603,630]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FEE7FDE53414FB7F" bold="true" box="[312,636,603,629]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1370FF97FD52FDE234BAFB7C" box="[653,722,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="46.[264,367,1650,1674]" captionTargetBox="[308,1246,1097,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-335@46.[308,1260,1092,1621]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 7. Worldwide distributions of Latrunculia (Biannulata) species. Distributions of A) Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, B) Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet, C) Latrunculia purpurea Carter, D) Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin; E) Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly; F) Latrunculia microacanthoxea Samaai and Kelly; G) Latrunculia kaakaariki Alvarez et al.; H) Latrunculia duckworthi Alvarez et al.; I) Latrunculia procumbens Alvarez et al.; J) Latrunculia wellingtonensis Alvarez et al., 2002; K) Latrunculia kaikoura Alvarez et al.; L) Latrunculia millerae Alvarez et al.; M). Latrunculia austini sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057836/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). British Columbia
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951370FF97FEE7FD3A3254FB94" box="[312,1084,644,670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1370FF97FEE7FD3A3254FB94" blockId="46.[264,1323,284,1030]" box="[312,1084,644,670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FEE7FD3A37ACFB94" bold="true" box="[312,452,644,670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Name after Dr Bill Austin who collected this sample.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33EF9951370FF96FEE7FD1237FFFA84" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1370FF97FEE7FD1237AEFD0C" blockId="46.[264,1323,284,1030]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FEE7FD1237D9FBCC" bold="true" box="[312,433,684,710]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FE63FD1234CAFBCF" authority="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly, 2006" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[444,674,684,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FE63FD1234CAFBCF" box="[444,674,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia austini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB771370FF97FD72FD123563FBCC" box="[685,779,684,710]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished morphologically from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FED7FD6A37FAFBE7" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[264,402,724,749]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FED7FD6A37FAFBE7" box="[264,402,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the surface of the sponge lacks the large cylindrical shaped oscules that are reported for most species. One large osculum is present, a character only ever recorded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FE4BFC9A3469FA37" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1887" box="[404,513,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FE4BFC9A3469FA37" box="[404,513,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">L. basilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FDE5FC9A34D3FA37" authorityName="Alvarez et al. This" authorityYear="2002" box="[570,699,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FDE5FC9A34D3FA37" box="[570,699,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">L. millerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the areolate porefields are made up of numerous clusters of low flush structures. In terms of spiculation, the megasclere dimensions are considerably smaller on average size than found in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FC3AFCCA32BAFA84" box="[997,1234,884,910]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FC3AFCCA3207FA87" box="[997,1135,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FEA2FC223797FABF" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[381,511,924,949]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Biannulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FEA2FC223797FABF" box="[381,511,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Biannulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the microscleres are larger and fall within the size categories as recorded for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FE7CFC7A342BFAD7" authorityName="Samaai and Kelly" authorityYear="2004" box="[419,579,964,989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lunaviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FE7CFC7A342BFAD7" box="[419,579,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">L. lunaviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FDA0FC7A3501FAD7" authorityName="Samaai and Kelly" authorityYear="2003" box="[639,873,964,989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microacanthoxea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FDA0FC7A3501FAD7" box="[639,873,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">L. microacanthoxea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
off the cold coastal upwelling waters of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333EA8E1370FF97FEF7FC5237AAFD0C" box="[296,450,1004,1030]" name="South Africa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5BFA961370FF97FED7F9CC35B7FE61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057836" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057836/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[264,367,1650,1674]" targetBox="[308,1246,1097,1601]" targetPageId="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1370FF97FED7F9CC35B7FE61" blockId="46.[264,1323,1650,1899]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FED7F9CC37E7FF80" bold="true" box="[264,399,1650,1674]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Worldwide distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FD0BF9CD358FFF80" authority="" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[724,999,1651,1674]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Biannulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FD0BF9CD358FFF80" box="[724,999,1651,1674]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia (Biannulata)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Distributions of A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FED7F926348EFFA5" authority="Brondsted, B" authorityName="Brondsted, B" authorityYear="1924" box="[264,742,1688,1711]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispiraefera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FED7F9263452FFA5" box="[264,570,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia spinispiraefera</emphasis>
|
||
Brøndsted, B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FCDDF92632FAFFA5" authority="Vacelet, C" authorityName="Vacelet, C" authorityYear="1969" box="[770,1170,1688,1711]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="citharistae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FCDDF926326CFFA5" box="[770,1028,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia citharistae</emphasis>
|
||
Vacelet, C
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FB73F926378AFFDE" authority="Carter, D" authorityName="Carter, D" authorityYear="1881" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FB73F9263702FFDE" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
Carter, D
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FE28F903359CFFDE" authority="Samaai and Krasokhin" authorityName="Samaai and Krasokhin" authorityYear="2002" box="[503,1012,1725,1748]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oparinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FE28F903348BFFDE" box="[503,739,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia oparinae</emphasis>
|
||
Samaai and Krasokhin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FBF3F90337A3FFF0" authority="Samaai and Kelly" authorityName="Samaai and Kelly" authorityYear="2004" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lunaviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FBF3F9033342FFDE" box="[1068,1322,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia lunaviridis</emphasis>
|
||
Samaai and Kelly
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; F)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FE27F95D326AFFF0" authority="Samaai and Kelly" authorityName="Samaai and Kelly" authorityYear="2003" box="[504,1026,1763,1786]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microacanthoxea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FE27F95D355EFFF0" box="[504,822,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia microacanthoxea</emphasis>
|
||
Samaai and Kelly
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; G)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FBECF95D37FFFE15" authority="Alvarez et al." authorityName="Alvarez" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaakaariki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FBECF95D3343FFF0" box="[1075,1323,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia kaakaariki</emphasis>
|
||
Alvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FEBCF8B637F9FE15" box="[355,401,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; H)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FE17F8B63534FE15" authority="Alvarez et al." authorityName="Alvarez" box="[456,860,1800,1823]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="duckworthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FE17F8B634ACFE15" box="[456,708,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia duckworthi</emphasis>
|
||
Alvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FCFAF8B63534FE15" box="[805,860,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FC84F8B6350BFE15" box="[859,867,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">;</emphasis>
|
||
I)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FC57F8B6334AFE15" authority="Alvarez et al." authorityName="Alvarez" box="[904,1314,1800,1823]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="procumbens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FC57F8B632E6FE15" box="[904,1166,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia procumbens</emphasis>
|
||
Alvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FB31F8B63375FE15" box="[1262,1309,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; J)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FEF9F8933528FE4E" authority="Alvarez et al., 2002" authorityName="Alvarez" authorityYear="2002" box="[294,832,1837,1860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="wellingtonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FEF9F893343CFE4E" box="[294,596,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia wellingtonensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5D7EF1370FF97FD80F8933528FE4E" author="Alvarez, B. & Bergquist P. R. & Battershill C. N." box="[607,832,1837,1860]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref34711" refString="Alvarez, B., Bergquist P. R. & Battershill C. N. (2002) Taxonomic revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage (Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36, 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Alvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FD62F8933498FE4E" box="[701,752,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; K)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FCA9F8933297FE4E" authority="Alvarez et al." authorityName="Alvarez" box="[886,1279,1837,1860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kaikoura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FCA9F8933235FE4E" box="[886,1117,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia kaikoura</emphasis>
|
||
Alvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FB19F8933291FE4E" box="[1222,1273,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; L)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FED7F8EA3414FE61" authority="Alvarez et al." authorityName="Alvarez et al. This" authorityYear="2002" box="[264,636,1876,1899]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FED7F8EA378EFE61" box="[264,486,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia millerae</emphasis>
|
||
Alvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FD98F8EA341EFE61" box="[583,630,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; M).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1370FF97FD67F8EA35EEFE61" authority="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly, 2006" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[696,902,1876,1899]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1370FF97FD67F8EA35EEFE61" box="[696,902,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Latrunculia austini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB771370FF97FC53F8EA35B7FE61" box="[908,991,1876,1899]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1371FF96FEE7FEA23208FB7C" blockId="47.[264,1323,284,910]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
On average the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FDA2FEA2356FF83F" authorityName="du Bocage" authorityYear="1869" box="[637,775,284,309]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FDA2FEA2356FF83F" box="[637,775,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Latrunculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have larger microscleres than the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FED7FEFA37E2F857" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,394,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Biannulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FED7FEFA37E2F857" box="[264,394,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Biannulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this is evident if we compare
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FC91FEFA35ACF857" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[846,964,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FC91FEFA35ACF857" box="[846,964,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. austini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FC2AFEFA320FF857" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1887" box="[1013,1127,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FC2AFEFA320FF857" box="[1013,1127,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. basilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FBA3FEFA3296F857" authorityName="Ridley and Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[1148,1278,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bocagei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FBA3FEFA3296F857" box="[1148,1278,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. bocagei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FACCFEFA37A6F88F" authority="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly, 2006" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaecaledoniae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FACCFEFA37A6F88F" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. novaecaledoniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB771371FF96FE09FED23459F88C" box="[470,561,364,390]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FDB5FED23482F88F" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1903" box="[618,746,364,389]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FDB5FED23482F88F" box="[618,746,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. biformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The anisodiscorhabds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FBF7FED232FFF88F" authority="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly, 2006" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[1064,1175,364,389]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FBF7FED232FFF88F" box="[1064,1175,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. austini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB771371FF96FB40FED2329CF88C" box="[1183,1268,364,390]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also differ considerably from these other species within the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FBBEFE2A328BF8A7" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[1121,1251,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Biannulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FBBEFE2A328BF8A7" box="[1121,1251,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Biannulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The manubrium and apical whorl of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FD7DFE023570F8DF" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[674,792,444,469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FD7DFE023570F8DF" box="[674,792,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. austini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is small and not as well developed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FACCFE0237EFF8F7" authorityName="Samaai and Kelly" authorityYear="2004" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lunaviridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FACCFE0237EFF8F7" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. lunaviridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FE1DFE5A3415F8F7" box="[450,637,484,509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="triverticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FE1DFE5A3415F8F7" box="[450,637,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. triverticillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="131FB69B1371FF96FD62FE5A356AF8F4" box="[701,770,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,367,283,307]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs or drawings comparing discorhabd microscleres of Latrunculia spp: A, Latrunculia cratera du Bocage, 1869 (REPRODUCED FROM DU BOCAGE 1869); B. Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy 1886; C, L. apicalis Ridley and Dendy 1886; D, L. biformis Kirkpatrick 1908; E, L. basilis Kirkpatrick 1908; F, L. brevis Ridley and Dendy 1886; G. Latrunculia palmata Lévi 1964 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1964); H. Latrunculia multirotalis Topsent 1905 (REPRODUCED FROM TOPSENT 1905); I. Latrunculia crenulata Lévi 1993 (REPRODUCED FROM LéVI 1993); J. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; K. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; L. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; M. Latrunculia fiordensis Alvarez et al. 2002 (REPRODUCED FROM ALVAREZ et al. 2002); N. Latrunculia novaecaledoniae sp. nov.; O. Latrunculia austini sp. nov (SEM IMAGES FROM BILL AUSTIN); P. Latrunculia spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924 (REPRODUCED FROM BRøNDSTED 1924); Q. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; R. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881; S. Latrunculia oparinae Samaai and Krasokhin 2002; T. Latrunculia lunaviridis Samaai and Kelly 2003." pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The primary character that differentiates this species, however, is the form of the anisodiscorhabds, which has median, subsidiary whorls and manubrium not well developed and on average the acanthodiscorhabd are larger than that for species within the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FCE8FDE235D1FB7F" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[823,953,604,629]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Biannulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FCE8FDE235D1FB7F" box="[823,953,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Biannulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A69FA51371FF96FC27FDE23227FB7C" box="[1016,1103,604,630]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="26.[264,352,723,747]" captionText="TABLE 3: Spicule dimensions of four morphometric variables measured in species of Latrunculia. Measurements in micrometers are ranges of 20 spicules with ranges in parentheses." pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9BAA1E1371FF96FEE7FD3A37FFFA84" blockId="47.[264,1323,284,910]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
This is the second species to be recorded from
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE10CCD91371FF96FCA7FD3A35DEFB94" box="[888,950,644,670]" degrees="49" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="55555" value="49.0">49°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in the Pacific Ocean, the only other being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FE4BFD123475FBCF" authorityName="Samaai and Krasokhin" authorityYear="2002" box="[404,541,684,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oparinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FE4BFD123475FBCF" box="[404,541,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. oparinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is the first ever record to be found off British Columbia.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FACCFD12371AFBE7" authorityName="Samaai and Krasokhin" authorityYear="2002" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oparinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FACCFD12371AFBE7" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. oparinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has raised oscules as opposed to one large sunken oscules as found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FB64FD6A3343FBE7" authority="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly, 2006" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[1211,1323,724,749]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FB64FD6A3343FBE7" box="[1211,1323,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. austini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB771371FF96FED7FD423709FA1C" box="[264,353,764,790]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.. One of the key differences between these two species is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FB82FD423281FA1F" authorityName="Samaai and Krasokhin" authorityYear="2002" box="[1117,1257,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oparinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FB82FD423281FA1F" box="[1117,1257,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. oparinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have styles that is terminally spined, a character that is lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FC15FC9A3250FA37" authority="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly, 2006" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[970,1080,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FC15FC9A3250FA37" box="[970,1080,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. austini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB771371FF96FBE0FC9A32FDFA34" box="[1087,1173,804,830]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.. Apart from this, the anisodiscorhabd microsclere in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24D19D1371FF96FD3BFCF2353CFA6F" authority="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly, 2006" authorityName="Samaai & Gibbons & Kelly" authorityYear="2006" box="[740,852,844,869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Latrunculia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="austini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950760C1371FF96FD3BFCF2353CFA6F" box="[740,852,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">L. austini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263CB771371FF96FC83FCF235DFFA6C" box="[860,951,844,870]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is larger with a very illformed manubrium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |