310 lines
34 KiB
XML
310 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="91BBB743E609B642F1BEAA7126EC0643" ID-CLB-Dataset="21937" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2014.99" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2f58ee9-15a1-477b-b232-feca5dcf1524" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3838972" ID-ZooBank="2B3858CA-7B14-4A68-AA26-32AF3803C0BC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590097721969" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De & Burn, John T." docDate="2014" docId="038A9E62FF92D42AFDABC2C243F8FD42" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2014-99.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 99" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sycophila binotata Fonscolombe 1832" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFB3E61AFF9AD420FF99C065400AFFAD" masterDocTitle="Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae)" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698840837814" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A0F2683B36C960D71F7806A634EEC02B">
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<mods:title id="991AFEA43CC543640ECDCD28D29E6496">Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="21B9A5C3DE82C9D4EBE70A508B6EE49B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CBE0C76A10720189EDB3FEA9F15E8404">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="30EB8AFD09F00F89920118164D5CB3E9">Notton, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C1556A042B3F829014A672874A4A28D">Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK E-mail: d. notton @ nhm. ac. uk & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 2 E 452 EF 2 - 703 C- 47 C 0 - 8432 - 6 AB 9 C 05 AC 06 A & corresponding author: d. notton @ nhm. ac. uk</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C60E2C15A40EE9F8AA86D4848464CB0E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9F4FDBAE40544A480EF3D43515E596CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ED652222698E765B2AB5F20DA5ED62FF">Popovici, Ovidiu A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3A13648497B9D8DBE7A5F40C60D7B710" type="LSID">3BA67B09-2ECE-4BEC-908C-BB0F0FC30CEF</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C81E9B4A878B7593EEC00D9AEAC826F5">University “ Al. I. Cuza ” Iasi, Faculty of Biology, B-dul Carol I, no. 11, RO - 700506, Romania E-mail: popovici _ alin _ ovidiu @ yahoo. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 3 BA 67 B 09 - 2 ECE- 4 BEC- 908 C-BB 0 F 0 FC 30 CEF</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CE788099F53D7DD376669667E192B226" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="74A2854591BB90148C08344926F8B792">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9F6DCF3EB6AC203A9BD77F0FF333D1A4">Achterberg, Cornelis Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E04EDAAF1068861F8C859A47E60EB650" type="LSID">D6374CF4-8F07-4FA8-8C55-9335FD19CECD</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6897847B24BADF340EA9E8EE52258DFD">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Terrestrial Zoology, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands E-mail: cees. vanachterberg @ naturalis. nl & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: D 6374 CF 4 - 8 F 07 - 4 FA 8 - 8 C 55 - 9335 FD 19 CECD</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7CCC7732CA25E55C87C2F7E83CC6925B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BDB80DAD4BBA315933F577C34FE78BD7">Rond, Jeroen De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="37E00BD108698A4005D4022EE7BA1F11" type="LSID">29D036B9-0385-488E-AF25-2F8DCF8D3509</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="252EE476F4AC33A187F492991B3E70E0">Beukenhof 96, NL- 8212 EB, Lelystad, The Netherlands E-mail: jeroen @ naturalmedia. nl & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 29 D 036 B 9 - 0385 - 488 E-AF 25 - 2 F 8 DCF 8 D 3509</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BDCF4161DC73D56888828040847BC693">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A580603D96CDF409A4100CDE5BAA2492">Burn, John T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F1A4E2EFE29868D480065B83966FA93" type="LSID">B4B63601-6F87-4832-9AFD-F8D169638398</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="76A6EF4354DF0BE10BCE2AD79E40A9F6">15 Plawsworth Road, Sacriston, County Durham, DH 7 6 PD, UK E-mail: dryinids @ hotmail. co. uk & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: B 4 B 63601 - 6 F 87 - 4832 - 9 AFD-F 8 D 169638398</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F5DB9C4F0EC4BC6E3B53719DD7A05502">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FE02ACD7952E604B5C9FFEB2A844AB7A">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="63CCB05D4C0DCF122F8E44F57C638F87">
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<mods:date id="7826A50A68B4DF8C42443DA6073943A8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="573A7BD363BFB98D224E2C91E9022834">2014-10-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="00C230213CC8E9A616BF2973D4C57D36" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="12838D38399F49F9366E760C88CC0F64">99</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9C227A765BEFE0821FC0420B093D5548">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="DB41BEC2D1DE2F79356F5E6601BA350C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9ADB0FF686A950E6A004484F2E0DD6A9" type="CLB-Dataset">21937</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="49F72FAABC57C8A1FE4AE94B31CA30C6" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2014.99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6826F5BA8F0326476E68A03D51AAE21E" type="GBIF-Dataset">f2f58ee9-15a1-477b-b232-feca5dcf1524</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0BD59A1A63EDC1517A4EBE9E078150CE" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="239CC027C844CDCDD9869B0E77EFFA25" type="Zenodo-Dep">3838972</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A9E62FF92D42AFDABC2C243F8FD42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3852364" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164248166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3852364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A9E62FF92D42AFDABC2C243F8FD42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF92D42AFDABC2C243F8FD42" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C3397CFFFF92D428FDABC2C24408FD6F" box="[562,1026,679,706]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FDABC2C24408FD6F" blockId="8.[189,1026,679,776]" box="[562,1026,679,706]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0D49818FF92D428FDABC2C24408FD6F" box="[562,1026,679,706]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FDABC2C24408FD6F" ID-CoL="53LVQ" authority="Fonscolombe, 1832" authorityName="Fonscolombe" authorityYear="1832" box="[562,1026,679,706]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">
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<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FDABC2C24319FD6F" bold="true" box="[562,787,679,706]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sycophila binotata</emphasis>
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Fonscolombe, 1832
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3397CFFFF92D428FD41C2AE4351FD48" box="[728,859,715,741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FD41C2AE4351FD48" blockId="8.[189,1026,679,776]" box="[728,859,715,741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<figureCitation id="131833F1FF92D428FD41C2AE4351FD48" box="[728,859,715,741]" captionStart="Figs 13–14" captionStartId="9.[189,241,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[206,1379,265,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[206,1379,265,1933]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 13–14. Sycophila binotata Fonscolombe, 1832, ♀. 13. Lateral habitus. 14. Fore wing. Specimen number BMNH(E)969430. Scale bars both 1 mm. © Natural History Museum, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838982/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3397CFFFF92D428FF24C28B4563FC0D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FF24C28B416FFCA5" blockId="8.[189,1026,679,776]" box="[189,357,750,776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0D49818FF92D428FF24C28B416FFCA5" box="[189,357,750,776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FF24C28B416FFCA5" bold="true" box="[189,357,750,776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Identification</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FF24C3784563FC0D" blockId="8.[189,1399,797,929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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This species keyed easily in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF92D428FD92C37842A3FC9A" author="Zerova M. D." box="[523,681,797,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="328 - 358" refId="ref8477" refString="Zerova M. D. 1978. [Eurytomidae]. In: Medvedev G. S. (ed.) Opredilitel' Nasekomykh Evropeiskoi Chasti SSSR: Pereponchatokrylye, Vtoria Chasti' 3 (2): 328 - 358. Nauka Publishers, Leningrad. [English translation: Sharma, B. R. 1987. Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR: Hymenoptera 3 (2). Amerind Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.]" type="journal article" year="1978">Zerova (1978</bibRefCitation>
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– as
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<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FD7CC37843EBFC9A" box="[741,993,797,823]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eudecatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">
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<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FD7CC37843EBFC9A" box="[741,993,797,823]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eudecatoma binotata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and agrees with the concept of Z. Bouček and M. Graham (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF92D428FE71C3254285FCF7" author="Graham M. W. R. de V." box="[488,655,832,858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1089 - 1111" refId="ref6944" refString="Graham M. W. R. de V. 1992. Hymenoptera collections of Boyer de Fonscolombe, with an account of his work and a description of the natural features of his estate. Journal of Natural History 26: 1089 - 1111. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770631" type="journal article" year="1992">Graham 1992</bibRefCitation>
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), based on the
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<typeStatus id="549891D6FF92D428FCA6C32543A1FCF7" box="[831,939,832,858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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designated by Graham, and specimens determined by Bouček and Graham in BMNH, and was confirmed by R. R. Askew (pers. comm.). The species is highly distinctive among European
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<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FD4EC3E34341FC0D" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1871" box="[727,843,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FD4EC3E34341FC0D" box="[727,843,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sycophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having two dark fasciae on each fore wing.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3397CFFFF92D428FF24C3AD4248FBF5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FF24C3AD41A0FC4F" blockId="8.[189,426,968,994]" box="[189,426,968,994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0D49818FF92D428FF24C3AD41A0FC4F" bold="true" box="[189,426,968,994]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FF24C3AD41A0FC4F" bold="true" box="[189,426,968,994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FF24C3934248FBF5" blockId="8.[189,1399,1014,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF92D428FF24C3934145FBBD" box="[189,335,1014,1040]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ENGLAND</collectingCountry>
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: London, Fulham, Imperial Wharf, TQ263765,
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<specimenCount id="9D25E4FDFF92D428FC3AC39243B3FBBC" box="[931,953,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, ex gall of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FBCEC3934546FBBD" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1111,1356,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerricola">
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<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FBCEC3934546FBBD" box="[1111,1356,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphelonyx cerricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FF24C47F4163FB99" box="[189,361,1050,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
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<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FF24C47F4163FB99" box="[189,361,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Quercus suber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, gall coll.
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<date id="FF9D09B4FF92D428FE71C47F4281FB99" box="[488,651,1050,1076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2010-03-21">21 Mar. 2010</date>
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, M. Barclay,
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<collectionCode id="ED32B7B1FF92D428FCB3C47C438FFB99" box="[810,901,1049,1076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
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(E)969429;
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<specimenCount id="9D25E4FDFF92D428FB96C47F442FFB99" box="[1039,1061,1050,1076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, same data, except gall coll.
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<date id="FF9D09B4FF92D428FF24C4584152FBFA" box="[189,344,1085,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2011-09-26">26 Sep. 2011</date>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED32B7B1FF92D428FEFCC45841B7FBFA" box="[357,445,1085,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH</collectionCode>
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(E)969430.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3397CFFFF92D428FF24C41B4167FA9D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FF24C41B415CFB35" blockId="8.[189,342,1150,1176]" box="[189,342,1150,1176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0D49818FF92D428FF24C41B415CFB35" bold="true" box="[189,342,1150,1176]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FF24C41B415CFB35" bold="true" box="[189,342,1150,1176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FF24C4C84167FA9D" blockId="8.[189,1399,1197,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FF24C4C8414AFB6A" box="[189,320,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eudecatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">
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<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FF24C4C8414AFB6A" box="[189,320,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. binotata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a widespread distribution in southern Europe including
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<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF92D428FBB8C4C8446DFB6A" box="[1057,1127,1197,1223]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spain</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF92D428FBEFC4C844C3FB6A" box="[1142,1225,1197,1223]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">France</collectingCountry>
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF92D428FB41C4C84505FB6A" box="[1240,1295,1197,1223]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Balkans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF92D428FEB7C4B541CEFB47" author="Noyes J. S." box="[302,452,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref7849" refString="Noyes J. S. 2013. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids [accessed 8 Jan. 2014]." type="url" year="2013">Noyes 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF92D428FE4BC4B542BDFB47" author="Askew R. R. & Melika G. & Pujade-Villar J. & Schonrogge K. & Stone G. N. & Nieves-Aldrey J. L." box="[466,695,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref6296" refString="Askew R. R., Melika G., Pujade-Villar J., Schonrogge K., Stone G. N. & Nieves-Aldrey J. L. 2013. Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in cynipid oak galls in the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 3643: 1 - 133. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3643.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Askew
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FDB6C4B44267FB47" box="[559,621,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although it was not recovered during a recent survey of parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FEFCC49142A2FAA3" authority="(Giraud, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[357,680,1267,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FEFCC49141F8FAA0" box="[357,498,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. cerricola</emphasis>
|
||
(Giraud, 1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in central Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF92D428FC12C4964466FAA0" author="Melika G. & Csoka G. & Stone G. N. & Schonrogge K." box="[907,1132,1267,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="76 - 80" refId="ref7676" refString="Melika G., Csoka G., Stone G. N., Schonrogge K. 2002. Parasitoids reared from galls of Aphelonyx cerricola (Giraud, 1859) and Synophrus politus Hartig, 1843 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Cecidology 17 (2): 76 - 80." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Melika
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FC71C491442EFAA0" box="[1000,1060,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is recorded here as new to Britain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3397CFFFF92D428FF24C53D43D1F8AD" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FF24C53D4116FADF" blockId="8.[189,284,1368,1394]" box="[189,284,1368,1394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D0D49818FF92D428FF24C53D4116FADF" bold="true" box="[189,284,1368,1394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FF24C53D4116FADF" bold="true" box="[189,284,1368,1394]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FF24C5E343D1F8AD" blockId="8.[189,1399,1414,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
British material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FE03C5E24213FA0D" box="[410,537,1414,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eudecatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FE03C5E24213FA0D" box="[410,537,1414,1441]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. binotata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reared from the galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FCF7C5E34457FA0D" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[878,1117,1414,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FCF7C5E34457FA0D" box="[878,1117,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphelonyx cerricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FA8DC5E240F4FA69" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FA8DC5E240F4FA69" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Quercus suber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. The exact insect host was not established, since other inquiline and parasitoid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FB4EC5CF457DFA69" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1239,1399,1450,1476]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also present as well as the gall causer; however, it has apparently not been reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FF78C5954157F9A7" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[225,349,1520,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Aphelonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FF78C5954157F9A7" box="[225,349,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Aphelonyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF92D428FE6EC59542EBF9A7" author="Melika G. & Csoka G. & Stone G. N. & Schonrogge K." box="[503,737,1520,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="76 - 80" refId="ref7676" refString="Melika G., Csoka G., Stone G. N., Schonrogge K. 2002. Parasitoids reared from galls of Aphelonyx cerricola (Giraud, 1859) and Synophrus politus Hartig, 1843 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Cecidology 17 (2): 76 - 80." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Melika
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FDC1C594429DF9A7" box="[600,663,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF92D428FD76C59543D9F9A7" author="Askew R. R. & Melika G. & Pujade-Villar J. & Schonrogge K. & Stone G. N. & Nieves-Aldrey J. L." box="[751,979,1520,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref6296" refString="Askew R. R., Melika G., Pujade-Villar J., Schonrogge K., Stone G. N. & Nieves-Aldrey J. L. 2013. Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in cynipid oak galls in the West Palaearctic. Zootaxa 3643: 1 - 133. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3643.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Askew
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FCD5C5944381F9A7" box="[844,907,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is normally an oligophagous endoparasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FE09C676423FF980" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[400,565,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FE09C676423FF980" box="[400,565,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plagiotrochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FDE5C67642FDF983" box="[636,759,1555,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cynipidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on evergreen species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FB87C671448AF983" box="[1054,1152,1556,1582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FB87C671448AF983" box="[1054,1152,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. of sections
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FAB2C67141EAF9FD" authority="Loudon and Ilex Loudon" authorityName="Loudon and Ilex Loudon" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cerris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FAB2C671457CF983" box="[1323,1398,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cerris</emphasis>
|
||
Loudon and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FECBC6534174F9FD" box="[338,382,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ilex</emphasis>
|
||
Loudon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF92D428FE69C65342DBF9FD" author="Gomez J. F. & Nieves-Aldrey J. L. & Stone G. N." box="[496,721,1590,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="2937 - 2960" refId="ref6843" refString="Gomez J. F., Nieves-Aldrey J. L. & Stone G. N. 2013. On the morphology of the terminal-instar larvae of some European species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Journal of Natural History 47: 2937 - 2960. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 002 22933.2013. 791937" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Gómez
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FDD7C6524283F9FD" box="[590,649,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The history of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FC24C6524462F9FD" box="[957,1128,1590,1617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FC24C6524462F9FD" box="[957,1128,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Quercus suber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees which hosted the British
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FE8DC63F4199F9D9" box="[276,403,1626,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eudecatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FE8DC63F4199F9D9" box="[276,403,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. binotata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is of some interest – they were planted as well-established saplings during the winter of
|
||
<date id="FF9D09B4FF92D428FF44C618416EF935" box="[221,356,1661,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2005" valueMax="2006">2005–2006</date>
|
||
, and their origin is most likely to have been
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF92D428FCEBC61843A1F93A" box="[882,939,1661,1687]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
; novel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FB98C6184488F93A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1025,1154,1661,1687]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in association with these trees are likely to have come from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF92D428FD48C6C5430DF917" box="[721,775,1696,1722]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
and an Italian coin was found in the soil around their roots (M. V. L. Barclay pers. comm.), so it seems likely that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FC35C6A14426F970" box="[940,1068,1731,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eudecatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FC35C6A14426F970" box="[940,1068,1731,1758]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. binotata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was imported with the trees direct from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF92D428FEDEC6834177F8AD" box="[327,381,1766,1792]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
and has survived for several generations in Britain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3397CFFFF92D42AFF24C74D43F8FD42" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D428FF24C74D4125F8EF" blockId="8.[189,303,1832,1858]" box="[189,303,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D0D49818FF92D428FF24C74D4125F8EF" bold="true" box="[189,303,1832,1858]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FF24C74D4125F8EF" bold="true" box="[189,303,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C2F74FF92D42AFF24C73343F8FD42" blockId="8.[189,1399,1878,2010]" lastBlockId="10.[189,1399,267,751]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
If, as seems likely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF92D428FE36C7324238F8DD" box="[431,562,1878,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eudecatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF92D428FE36C7324238F8DD" box="[431,562,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. binotata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was imported together with its gall wasp host and host tree, this is of considerable interest for studies of the recruitment of parasitoids of invasive gall wasps in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF92D428FF24C7F840E1F81A" box="[189,235,1949,1975]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Some previous studies of the parasitoids of invasive gall wasps in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF92D428FBD5C7F8447CF81A" box="[1100,1142,1949,1975]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
have considered two main methods of recruitment, either recruitment from an existing pool of native parasitoids, or that populations of parasitoids might pursue host gall wasps as they spread continuously across Europe, the former appearing more likely (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF90D42AFDBFC14B4337FEE5" author="Schonrogge K. & Randle Z. & Hateley S. & Begg T. & Aebi A. & Stone G." box="[550,829,302,329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="73 - 75" refId="ref8116" refString="Schonrogge K., Randle Z., Hateley S., Begg T., Aebi A. & Stone G. 2006. Cynipid invasions throughout Europe and within the UK. Cecidology 21 (2): 73 - 75." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Schönrogge
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF90D42AFD25C14A42FDFEE4" box="[700,759,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25285FF90D42AFCD0C14A438DFEE4" author="Schonrogge K. & Begg T. & Williams R. & Melika G. & Randles Z. & Stone G. N." box="[841,903,303,329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="298 - 311" refId="ref8062" refString="Schonrogge K., Begg T., Williams R., Melika G., Randles Z. & Stone G. N. 2011. Range expansion and enemy recruitment by eight alien gall wasp species in Britain. Insect Conservation and Diversity 5 (4): 298 - 311." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the presence of the previously non-British
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF90D42AFED4C1374250FEC1" authority="in London" authorityName="in London" box="[333,602,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eudecatoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF90D42AFED4C13741DAFEC1" box="[333,464,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. binotata</emphasis>
|
||
in London
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in circumstances where good-sized trees were imported, raises a third, more radical possibility, that recruitment is not necessary when parasitoids are not lost by their cynipid hosts. Oak trees could be imported through the horticulture trade with a community of gall wasps and parasitoids more or less intact; this would of course be much faster than the unassisted, or partially assisted, spread of both gall wasp and parasitoid. It is of course possible that other parasitoids have also been imported in this way; such introductions may be easily overlooked, especially where the same species already occurs in Britain. Without historical evidence of the circumstances of importation of host gall wasps, such instances could have been misinterpreted as recruitment from the existing pool of native parasitoids, so caution is needed when interpreting recruitment studies of such imported gall wasps. Given the numbers of good-sized oaks used in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3346FE4FF90D42AFCC2C2EA438FFD04" box="[859,901,655,681]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
for prestigious building developments and parks, in particular
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF90D42AFE06C2D74238FD61" box="[415,562,690,716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF90D42AFE06C2D74238FD61" box="[415,562,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. and its associated gall wasp species, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2354F7FF90D42AFBA5C2D7457BFD61" authority="Mayr, 1881" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[1084,1393,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957F366FF90D42AFBA5C2D744EBFD61" box="[1084,1249,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Plagiotrochus</emphasis>
|
||
Mayr, 1881
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the potential for other parasitoids to be introduced in this way is clear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |