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<document id="0E1927C07BFA66BC7F668BB2DF6A113D" ID-CLB-Dataset="29233" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4497.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0f383140-efb8-454c-9188-a8fe795437bc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1451092" ID-ZooBank="11725C60-E463-4EB3-A96A-34CEF56923B8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538973537549" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rodriguez, Pilar &amp; Fend, Steven V." docDate="2018" docId="5D62156BFFD6C8411AECD0D3FA9B6836" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4497.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4497 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aktedrilus Knollner 1935" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="A15B6D13FFDFC84B1A7BD164FF926976" masterDocTitle="On spermatophore-producing aquatic microdrile oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698568037511" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4425AB4B016452486FB09BAC38F61D0B">On spermatophore-producing aquatic microdrile oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5D62156BFFD6C8411AECD0D3FA9B6836" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951346" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148651458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951346" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5D62156BFFD6C8411AECD0D3FA9B6836" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D62156BFFD6C8411AECD0D3FA9B6836" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="9DD1F7F6FFD6C8421AECD0D3FE956885" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD6C8421AECD0D3FD5B68A4" blockId="9.[151,713,439,499]" box="[151,713,439,466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="8E3C1311FFD6C8421AECD0D3FD5B68A4" bold="true" box="[151,713,439,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421AECD0D3FD5B68A4" bold="true" box="[151,713,439,466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421AECD0D3FE8668A7" authorityName="Knollner" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,276,439,465]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421AECD0D3FE8668A7" bold="true" box="[151,276,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Aktedrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species producing spermatophores
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD6C8421AECD0BEFE956885" blockId="9.[151,713,439,499]" box="[151,263,474,499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFD6C8421AE5D0BEFF6D6885" box="[158,255,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[295,1299,919,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[283,1303,911,1628]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aktedrilus species forming spermatophores (from Swedish Museum of Natural History collection). A. A. mediterraneus (Erséus, 1980), spermatophore in segment XI. B–C. A. arcticus (Erséus, 1978), histological sections of the male duct. D. A. labeosus (Baker &amp; Erséus, 1982), copulatory bursa and glandular organ. E,F. A. mediterraneus, histological sections of the male duct. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, go glandular organ, gr glandular ring, ms male sac, o ovary, sf sperm funnel, sph spermatophore, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451102/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Figure 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DD1F7F6FFD6C8411AECD347FA9B6836" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD6C8421AECD347FB876A2D" blockId="9.[151,1436,546,859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
Among phallodrilines, only a few
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421858D346FD046B4D" authorityName="Knollner" authorityYear="1935" box="[547,662,546,571]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421858D346FD046B4D" box="[547,662,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Aktedrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, with or without spermathecae, transfer sperm by attaching spermatophores to the partner's body wall. These species were initially classified in the genus
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421EBAD322FF406BF5" authority="Hrabe, 1973" authorityName="Hrabe" authorityYear="1973" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Bacescuella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421EBAD322FADA6B29" box="[1217,1352,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Bacescuella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFD6C8421F2AD322FF406BF5" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref11440" refString="Hrabe, S. (1973) A contribution to the knowledge of marine Oligochaeta, mainly from the Black Sea. T ravaux du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle &quot; Grigore Antipa &quot;, 13, 27 - 38." type="journal article">Hrabě, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but that genus was placed in synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C84218A0D30EFCDC6BF5" authorityName="Knollner" authorityYear="1935" box="[731,846,618,643]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C84218A0D30EFCDC6BF5" box="[731,846,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Aktedrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Erséus (1987). At present, six
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421EABD30EFAD16BF5" authorityName="Knollner" authorityYear="1935" box="[1232,1347,618,643]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421EABD30EFAD16BF5" box="[1232,1347,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Aktedrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species produce spermatophores; these are dome-shaped, on short stalks or directly attached to the body wall (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFD6C8421F48D3EAFA026BD1" box="[1331,1424,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[295,1299,919,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[283,1303,911,1628]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aktedrilus species forming spermatophores (from Swedish Museum of Natural History collection). A. A. mediterraneus (Erséus, 1980), spermatophore in segment XI. B–C. A. arcticus (Erséus, 1978), histological sections of the male duct. D. A. labeosus (Baker &amp; Erséus, 1982), copulatory bursa and glandular organ. E,F. A. mediterraneus, histological sections of the male duct. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, go glandular organ, gr glandular ring, ms male sac, o ovary, sf sperm funnel, sph spermatophore, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451102/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Placement is either on the dorsal or ventral sides of the body wall, in the clitellar region. The single, dorsal spermatheca is absent in four of these species, but a small spermatheca is present in
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421EC6D3B3FAAF6B98" baseAuthorityName="Erseus" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[1213,1341,727,750]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421EC6D3B3FAAF6B98" box="[1213,1341,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A. arcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421FFFD3B3FEBD6A65" baseAuthorityName="Erséus" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parvithecatus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421FFFD3B3FEBD6A65" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A. parvithecatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and can be full of sperm.
<bibRefCitation id="B15AD98CFFD6C842180BD39FFC9D6A65" box="[624,783,763,787]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref10292" refString="Erseus, C. (1978) Two species of the little-known genus Bacescuella (Hrabe) (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from the North Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 7, 263 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00609. x" type="journal article">Erséus (1978)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that this has little or no functional relevance; some specimens can bear up to 3 or 4 spermatophores, and the author suggests that the presence of spermathecae can be just a relic of ancestral forms, in which spermatophores had not evolved.
</paragraph>
<caption id="81B4F4F5FFD6C8421AECD716FD0F6E74" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451102/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" startId="9.[151,250,1650,1672]" targetBox="[295,1299,919,1623]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD6C8421AECD716FD0F6E74" blockId="9.[151,1437,1650,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421AECD716FE816FFE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1650,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421B5DD716FE1C6FFE" authorityName="Knollner" authorityYear="1935" box="[294,398,1650,1672]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421B5DD716FE1C6FFE" box="[294,398,1650,1672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Aktedrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species forming spermatophores (from Swedish Museum of Natural History collection).
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421F1BD716FAEB6FFE" bold="true" box="[1376,1401,1650,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421FFDD717FE506FD0" authority="(Erseus, 1980)" authorityName="Erseus" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="Erseus" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421FFDD717FEBB6FD0" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A. mediterraneus</emphasis>
(Erséus, 1980)
</taxonomicName>
, spermatophore in segment XI.
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C842197CD7F4FCAC6FD0" bold="true" box="[775,830,1680,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">B–C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C842193FD7F5FBDB6FD0" authority="(Erseus, 1978)" authorityName="Erseus" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Erseus" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[836,1097,1680,1702]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arcticus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C842193FD7F5FC236FD0" box="[836,945,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A. arcticus</emphasis>
(Erséus, 1978)
</taxonomicName>
, histological sections of the male duct.
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421AB5D7CBFF756FB3" bold="true" box="[206,231,1711,1733]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421A96D7D4FDC56FB3" authority="(Baker &amp; Erseus, 1982)" authorityName="Baker &amp; Erseus" authorityYear="1982" baseAuthorityName="Baker &amp; Erseus" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[237,599,1711,1733]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="labeosus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421A96D7D4FEF36FB3" box="[237,353,1711,1733]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A. labeosus</emphasis>
(Baker &amp; Erséus, 1982)
</taxonomicName>
, copulatory bursa and glandular organ.
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C842199FD7CBFC676FB3" bold="true" box="[996,1013,1711,1733]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">E</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421987D7CBFB9F6FB3" bold="true" box="[1020,1037,1711,1733]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421E6ED7D4FB506FB3" baseAuthorityName="Erseus" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1045,1218,1711,1733]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421E6ED7D4FB506FB3" box="[1045,1218,1711,1733]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A. mediterraneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, histological sections of the male duct. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421B9DD7AAFE616F92" bold="true" box="[486,499,1742,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">a</emphasis>
atrium,
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421833D7AAFDF36F92" bold="true" box="[584,609,1742,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">cb</emphasis>
copulatory bursa,
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421964D7AAFCAB6F92" bold="true" box="[799,825,1742,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">go</emphasis>
glandular organ,
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421997D7AAFB966F92" bold="true" box="[1004,1028,1742,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">gr</emphasis>
glandular ring,
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421EDDD7AAFB576F92" bold="true" box="[1190,1221,1742,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">ms</emphasis>
male sac,
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421F4AD7AAFAAC6F92" bold="true" box="[1329,1342,1742,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">o</emphasis>
ovary,
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421FF1D7AAFA0E6F92" bold="true" box="[1418,1436,1742,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">sf</emphasis>
sperm funnel,
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421B53D788FEDC6E74" bold="true" box="[296,334,1772,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">sph</emphasis>
spermatophore,
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421B83D788FD816E74" bold="true" box="[504,531,1772,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">vd</emphasis>
vas deferens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D574A47DFFD6C8411ABCD64EFA9B6836" blockId="9.[151,1437,1834,2003]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD6C8421ABCD64EFEA96E35" authorityName="Knollner" authorityYear="1935" box="[199,315,1834,1859]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD6C8421ABCD64EFEA96E35" box="[199,315,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Aktedrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species producing spermatophores show a different degree of development of glandular tissues in the ectal part of the male duct. The conspicuous, glandular, pendant organ in the ectal section of the atrium may function both in the formation of spermatophores and as copulatory organ related to the attachment of spermatophores during mating (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFD6C842187CD6F2FD136ED9" box="[519,641,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[295,1299,919,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[283,1303,911,1628]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aktedrilus species forming spermatophores (from Swedish Museum of Natural History collection). A. A. mediterraneus (Erséus, 1980), spermatophore in segment XI. B–C. A. arcticus (Erséus, 1978), histological sections of the male duct. D. A. labeosus (Baker &amp; Erséus, 1982), copulatory bursa and glandular organ. E,F. A. mediterraneus, histological sections of the male duct. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, go glandular organ, gr glandular ring, ms male sac, o ovary, sf sperm funnel, sph spermatophore, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451102/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Fig. 4B–F</figureCitation>
). Although referred to as a 'penis' in some species, this organ is not associated with conspicuous musculature. The copulatory organ is enclosed in a bulbous male sac (usually described as a &quot;penial sac&quot;), which is the ental section of the copulatory bursa. In
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD5C8411E64D1FCFB3269C6" baseAuthorityName="Baker &amp; Erseus" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1055,1184,151,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="labeosus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD5C8411E64D1FCFBA269D9" box="[1055,1072,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD5C8411E45D1F3FB3269C6" box="[1086,1184,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">labeosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD5C8411EAED1FCFA0769C6" baseAuthorityName="Erseus" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1237,1429,151,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD5C8411EAED1FCFA0769C6" box="[1237,1429,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A. mediterraneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the copulatory organ is encircled by a large glandular ring or a pair of lips (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFD5C8411999D1D8FBC969A2" box="[994,1115,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[295,1299,919,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[283,1303,911,1628]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aktedrilus species forming spermatophores (from Swedish Museum of Natural History collection). A. A. mediterraneus (Erséus, 1980), spermatophore in segment XI. B–C. A. arcticus (Erséus, 1978), histological sections of the male duct. D. A. labeosus (Baker &amp; Erséus, 1982), copulatory bursa and glandular organ. E,F. A. mediterraneus, histological sections of the male duct. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, go glandular organ, gr glandular ring, ms male sac, o ovary, sf sperm funnel, sph spermatophore, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451102/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4D–F</figureCitation>
). In other species, such as
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD5C8411FFFD1D8FF65698E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD5C8411FFFD1D8FF61698E" baseAuthorityName="Erseus" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arcticus">A. arcticus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
a very thick epithelium of the so-called 'penis' (
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFD5C8411941D1BBFC3C698E" box="[826,942,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[295,1299,919,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[283,1303,911,1628]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aktedrilus species forming spermatophores (from Swedish Museum of Natural History collection). A. A. mediterraneus (Erséus, 1980), spermatophore in segment XI. B–C. A. arcticus (Erséus, 1978), histological sections of the male duct. D. A. labeosus (Baker &amp; Erséus, 1982), copulatory bursa and glandular organ. E,F. A. mediterraneus, histological sections of the male duct. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, go glandular organ, gr glandular ring, ms male sac, o ovary, sf sperm funnel, sph spermatophore, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451102/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4B,C</figureCitation>
) also suggests a glandular function. Most
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD5C8411AECD060FE99686B" authorityName="Knollner" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,267,260,285]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD5C8411AECD060FE99686B" box="[151,267,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Aktedrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have some form of male sac, but in the species producing spermatophores, the ectal end of atrium is joined to a more or less enlarged and folded copulatory bursa (long in
<taxonomicName id="12CBDFFEFFD5C8411E6FD04CFB076836" baseAuthorityName="Baker &amp; Erseus" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1044,1173,295,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Aktedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="labeosus">
<emphasis id="E7BF786FFFD5C8411E6FD04CFB076836" box="[1044,1173,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A. labeosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="4DF0B8F8FFD5C8411ED8D043FB6F6836" box="[1187,1277,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[295,1299,919,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[283,1303,911,1628]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aktedrilus species forming spermatophores (from Swedish Museum of Natural History collection). A. A. mediterraneus (Erséus, 1980), spermatophore in segment XI. B–C. A. arcticus (Erséus, 1978), histological sections of the male duct. D. A. labeosus (Baker &amp; Erséus, 1982), copulatory bursa and glandular organ. E,F. A. mediterraneus, histological sections of the male duct. Abbreviations: a atrium, cb copulatory bursa, go glandular organ, gr glandular ring, ms male sac, o ovary, sf sperm funnel, sph spermatophore, vd vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1451102/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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