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<document id="81E10C672F3BA9CD3405C7F6C395DC3C" ID-CLB-Dataset="2803" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3e70158-bdd9-45e7-a3ac-7560bcd49d8d" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5814310" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1641193303186" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Külkamp, Josimar, Iganci, João R. V., Cordeiro, Inês &amp; Baumgratz, José Fernando A." docDate="2021" docId="F929C762FFD3550C61DE8A0AE7EF66B0" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.529.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 529 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Caperonia amarumayu Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="0510BF1AFFD2550F61568E52E637674C" masterDocTitle="New species and occurrences of Caperonia (Euphorbiaceae) for South America" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="86" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1699292798164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="C64C15E4C18071EED36B7CBFDAF55527" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2E42B129EB773AF688A3D3C5BD65A3A1">
<mods:title id="75132E51DB22D148D92169169388FFBD">New species and occurrences of Caperonia (Euphorbiaceae) for South America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B13841E27D7BB93DAE9D27D5D24F4466" type="personal">
<mods:role id="62ED0C6299D363892471D75251E8F3F1">
<mods:roleTerm id="C9AC6A96EE991F839B94088F82E76C50">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="22905551D64CDEA795527EBBA3A8EAF6">Külkamp, Josimar</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EFE158E743B02010F72D4254641137B6" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5919-2930</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="704C559FF49BC5C0847D0BF13A2AAD29">Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040, Solar da Imperatriz, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22460 - 030, RJ, Brazil. josimarbotanica @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5919 - 2930</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FA81CBBC92E928F38CB198E5C63EDC5F" type="email">josimarbotanica@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="084BEF031B637DD40762C93E097938ED" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5A4C9EBD4ABB7A5199861BD8DE2B119A">
<mods:roleTerm id="C3F328B400E03EEB49753A77152E993B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DD676EA2833BB3AEF996CD2AD81DEA87">Iganci, João R. V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0F649F0546B8E6BC1BE3B974744BC0E8">Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Botânica, Campus Capão do Leão, Caixa Postal 354, 96010 - 900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. &amp; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Bloco IV-Prédio 43433, 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2B54335E729D7D20729546E17EAD1798" type="personal">
<mods:role id="08244F509D85F1BA1CAC601F552BFF99">
<mods:roleTerm id="6A8DED125E1131859F2A4CBD5E0DC441">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D5EA7D3B29281F9B1621CD110A69E576">Cordeiro, Inês</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C0C0C0DB9FCCAE9A3B0377078CD785DD">Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Av. Miguel Stefano, 3687 Água Funda 04301 - 012, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0E90AE51DEE1885A77C48FC569CEAA83" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9EB122749B6AB01BD0C2636C836010CD">
<mods:roleTerm id="3624F8E7D627269F098A4963064A6EBB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="08C2E7ACB9845AC40ADA18F1AA8BA8C3">Baumgratz, José Fernando A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AC222360C54B1CA63A8CCF1A0DE8E7D3">Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040, Solar da Imperatriz, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22460 - 030, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4D1C62AAC394DC5328468BF78B248143">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D87CE0113918457556276F55C6BF835E">
<mods:title id="9DB9378BA4B07D4BD9E918E15625B6C8">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1AA925E976FD02B1EF4DBF8543152D97">
<mods:date id="845E200D1610B49701779AC4344EE49F">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AB84D069CA47993DE298B4E930EF8305" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F5F126DCBD234FF4A7B3042900BAA2CB">2021-12-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="134480C3C9851CAD5FE2F6FED5090007">529</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="22DA86AF20AEECF7C4F797486AA7984D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="09533995032B5F74E8B7D0D3BF439E20" type="CLB-Dataset">2803</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB48B72F934936FEB4B6A92A9BD501CF" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FE84C61793C9FF11F27B49C33A8305E6" type="GBIF-Dataset">c3e70158-bdd9-45e7-a3ac-7560bcd49d8d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2335D8A893CE7F18EDD761BE51639C9D" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C8AA83DD42B4B3BDF64C1B405D5C329" type="Zenodo-Dep">5814310</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F929C762FFD3550C61DE8A0AE7EF66B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5817428" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191863052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5817428" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F929C762FFD3550C61DE8A0AE7EF66B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F929C762FFD3550C61DE8A0AE7EF66B0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD3550E61DE8A0AE4D46322" box="[136,739,1112,1134]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD3550E61DE8A0AE4D46322" blockId="1.[136,1452,1112,1206]" box="[136,739,1112,1134]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD3550E61DE8A0AE4736322" authority="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,580,1112,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarumayu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E61DE8A0AE7596321" bold="true" box="[136,366,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Caperonia amarumayu</emphasis>
Külkamp &amp; Cordeiro
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E631B8A0AE4A06321" box="[589,663,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="58C7171DFFD3550E631B8A0AE4A06321" box="[589,663,1112,1133]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E9BB6AF1FFD3550E63F58A0AE4EC6322" box="[675,731,1112,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,957,979]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,190,933]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[234,1354,190,933]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1.—Caperonia amarumayu. A. Holotype of Caperonia amarumayu. B. Prickles present in the section Aculeolateae. C. Inflorescence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814312/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD3550E61DE8A2EE3B663FA" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD3550E61DE8A2EE3B663FA" blockId="1.[136,1452,1112,1206]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">
<materialsCitation id="C1E87C29FFD3550E61DE8A2EE34A63FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426244301" collectingDate="1983-02-01" collectorName="J. Fernandez Casas &amp; A. Susanna" country="Bolivia" county="Type" elevation="150" location="Conquista" municipality="Manuripi" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pando" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="985E0EF8FFD3550E61DE8A2EE68D63DD" box="[136,186,1148,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Type</collectingCounty>
:—
<collectingCountry id="099736E4FFD3550E61818A2EE70A63DD" box="[215,317,1148,1169]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="B344B896FFD3550E60138A2EE7B263DE" box="[325,389,1148,1170]" country="Bolivia" name="Pando" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Pando</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="915BEC0EFFD3550E60DB8A2EE7DE63DE" box="[397,489,1148,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Manuripi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="745F20AFFFD3550E60A48A2EE46163DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F929C762FFD3550C61DE8A0AE7EF66B0:745F20AFFFD3550E60A48A2EE46163DE" box="[498,598,1148,1170]" country="Bolivia" county="Type" municipality="Manuripi" name="Conquista" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" stateProvince="Pando">Conquista</location>
, embarcadero sobre
<collectorName id="DC7513A2FFD3550E624C8A2EE5F663DE" box="[794,961,1148,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">
el
<location id="745F20AFFFD3550E62678A2EE5F663DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F929C762FFD3550C61DE8A0AE7EF66B0:745F20AFFFD3550E62678A2EE5F663DE" box="[817,961,1148,1170]" country="Bolivia" county="Type" municipality="Manuripi" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" stateProvince="Pando">Madre de Dios</location>
</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E629C8A2EE23E63DD" box="[970,1033,1148,1170]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="150.0">
<elevation id="FAAD9147FFD3550E629C8A2EE23E63DD" box="[970,1033,1148,1170]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="053E50B4FFD3550E65448A2EE28563DD" box="[1042,1202,1148,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" value="1983-02-01">
<collectingDate id="157AA95CFFD3550E65448A2EE28563DD" box="[1042,1202,1148,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" value="1983-02-01">1 February 1983</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E65EA8A2EE77263F9" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">
<collectorName id="DC7513A2FFD3550E65EA8A2EE34E63DD" box="[1212,1401,1148,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">J. Fernández Casas</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="DC7513A2FFD3550E64C18A2EE73963F9" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">A. Susanna</collectorName>
8571
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="AE3BC8D6FFD3550E60078AF2E79D63FA" box="[337,426,1184,1206]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: NY [NY03950229]!; isotypes: MA [MA01-00694614]!, MO [MO1266996], TEX [TEX00528089]!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD3550E61DE8AB6E4BE6227" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD3550E61DE8AB6E4BE6227" blockId="1.[136,1452,1252,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E61DE8AB6E6CC63B2" bold="true" box="[136,251,1252,1278]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD3550E60498AB6E41163B2" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[287,550,1252,1278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarumayu">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E60498AB6E41163B2" box="[287,550,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Caperonia amarumayu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD3550E63938AB6E57C63B2" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1004" box="[709,843,1252,1278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E63938AB6E57C63B2" box="[709,843,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">C. palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the penninerved leaves and pistillate flowers with 5–6 sepals, but differs by the prickly stem, staminate flowers with unequal and pubescent petals, 10 stamens, and pistillate flowers with 18–24-laciniate styles (versus non-prickly stems, equal and glabrous petals, 8 stamens, and pistillate flowers with 10–14-laciniate styles).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD3550E61EB8B26E2AF602E" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD3550E61EB8B26E2AF602E" blockId="1.[136,1452,1252,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E61EB8B26E77062C2" bold="true" box="[189,327,1396,1422]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Description</emphasis>
:—Herb, ca.
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E608E8B26E43462C3" box="[472,515,1396,1423]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
tall, monoecious; internodes
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E62188B26E59662C3" box="[846,929,1396,1423]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
long, stem longitudinally striate, with prickles
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E61DE8BCAE73962FF" box="[136,270,1432,1459]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
long, simple and glandular trichomes at the apex of branches. Stipules ca. 0.3 ×
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E65D48BCAE2EA62FF" box="[1154,1245,1432,1459]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="0.15">0.15 cm</quantity>
, triangular, ciliate, with simple trichomes on the abaxial surface. Leaves: petiole
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E62148BEEE597629B" box="[834,928,1468,1495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
long; blade 6.9–14.7 ×
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E65FB8BEEE319629B" box="[1197,1326,1468,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.7 cm</quantity>
, lanceolate to linear, base rounded, apex acute, penninerved, secondary veins 9–16; indumentum with simple trichomes, and caducous glandular trichomes on young leaves. Inflorescences
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E62108856E5F56153" box="[838,962,1540,1567]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="cm" value="4.65" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="3.2">3.2–6.1 cm</quantity>
long; axis with simple, malpighiaceous and glandular trichomes; bracts 1–1.5 ×
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E6340887AE4A9610F" box="[534,670,1576,1603]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate; staminate flowers 8–16, pedicel ca.
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E65E4887AE2C5610F" box="[1202,1266,1576,1603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, articulated in middle, with simple, malpighiaceous and glandular trichomes; sepals 5, 2–2.2 ×
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E651D881EE2E0612B" box="[1099,1239,1612,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 mm</quantity>
, equal, lanceolate, fused at the base, apex acute, margin entire, pubescent on both surfaces; petals 5, with simple trichomes on the abaxial surface, unequal, 3 of them oblong to elliptic, 1.9–2.5 ×
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E625D88C6E5A261E3" box="[779,917,1684,1711]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 mm</quantity>
, adnate to the base of the staminal column, the other 2 linear, 0.7–0.8 ×
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E60C888EAE402619F" box="[414,565,1720,1747]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.425" valueMax="0.45" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.45 mm</quantity>
, adnate to the middle of the staminal column; stamens 10, staminal column ca.
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E61DE888EE6D761BB" box="[136,224,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, pistillode globose; pistillate flowers 1–2, pedicel
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E6299888EE27461BB" box="[975,1091,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.0">1–1.6 mm</quantity>
long, articulated at the middle; sepals 5–6, 2.8–3.2 ×
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E602B8952E4316057" box="[381,518,1792,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.1 mm</quantity>
, unequal, lanceolate, base fused to the receptacle, apex acute, margin entire, ciliate, simple trichomes on the abaxial surface; petals not seen; ovary with simple and glandular trichomes; styles ca.
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E64008976E39B6073" box="[1366,1452,1828,1855]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, 18–24 laciniate, glabrous. Fruit
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E6378891AE4BC602F" box="[558,651,1864,1891]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
diam. Seeds ca. 3 ×
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E6224891AE5FD602F" box="[882,970,1864,1891]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
, globose to ovoid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD3550E61EB893EE7AD60BE" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD3550E61EB893EE7AD60BE" blockId="1.[136,1452,1252,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E61EB893EE7DD60CA" bold="true" box="[189,490,1900,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD3550E6358893EE52160CA" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[526,790,1900,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarumayu">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E6358893EE52160CA" box="[526,790,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Caperonia amarumayu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from its
<typeStatus id="AE3BC8D6FFD3550E6568893FE25960CB" box="[1086,1134,1901,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">type</typeStatus>
collection in northernmost
<collectingCountry id="099736E4FFD3550E61DE89C2E6ED60E6" box="[136,218,1936,1962]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="E9BB6AF1FFD3550E61BD89C2E70760E6" box="[235,304,1936,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[283,1354,1041,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-42@2.[234,1354,1041,1877]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2.—Distribution map of Caperonia amarumayu (black star), C. maracaibensis (black square), C. zaponzeta (white circles (previous records) and black circles (new records))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814314/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), in a low elevation (ca.
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD3550E631E89C2E4A660E7" box="[584,657,1936,1963]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
) area in the Amazon rainforest domain with many rivers, according to
<bibRefCitation id="15110B85FFD3550E61DE89E7E70F6082" author="Navarro, G." box="[136,312,1972,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" refId="ref4564" refString="Navarro, G. (2011) Clasificacion de la vegetacion de Bolivia. Centro de Ecologia y Difusion Simon I. Patino, Santa Cruz, 713 pp." type="book" year="2011">Navarro (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. Like all other species of the genus,
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD3550E638289E6E54C6082" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[724,891,1972,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarumayu">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD3550E638289E6E54C6082" box="[724,891,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="87">C. amarumayu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wetland habit, in this case the floodplain of the Madre de Dios river.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="25FF26FCFFD0550D61DE8DEFE72664BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5814312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814312/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" startId="2.[136,229,957,979]" targetBox="[234,1354,190,933]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD0550D61DE8DEFE72664BB" blockId="2.[136,1451,957,1015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D61DE8DEFE6CB649E" bold="true" box="[136,252,957,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.—
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D604C8DECE432649F" box="[282,517,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD0550D604C8DECE436649F" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[282,513,958,979]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarumayu">Caperonia amarumayu</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D63588DEFE412649E" bold="true" box="[526,549,957,978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">A.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD0550D63E58DECE5A0649F" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[691,919,958,979]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarumayu">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D63E58DECE5A0649F" box="[691,919,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">Caperonia amarumayu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D62FE8DECE589649F" bold="true" box="[936,958,958,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">B.</emphasis>
Prickles present in the section
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D64508DEFE3B4649E" box="[1286,1411,957,978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">Aculeolateae</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D64C28DEFE39C649F" bold="true" box="[1428,1451,957,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">C.</emphasis>
Inflorescence.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="25FF26FCFFD0550D61DE893FE44F60EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5814314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" startId="2.[136,229,1901,1923]" targetBox="[283,1354,1041,1877]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD0550D61DE893FE44F60EB" blockId="2.[136,1452,1901,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D61DE893FE6CC60CE" bold="true" box="[136,251,1901,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.—Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD0550D60B3893CE4F060CF" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[485,711,1902,1923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarumayu">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D60B3893CE4F060CF" box="[485,711,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">Caperonia amarumayu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black star),
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD0550D6219893CE5CD60CE" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[847,1018,1901,1923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D6219893CE5CD60CE" box="[847,1018,1901,1923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">C. maracaibensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black square),
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD0550D65C8893CE32A60CF" authorityName="Mansfeld" authorityYear="1925" box="[1182,1309,1902,1923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zaponzeta">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD0550D65C8893CE32A60CF" box="[1182,1309,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="88">C. zaponzeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white circles (previous records) and black circles (new records)).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61EB8ECFE6E0664C" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61EB8ECFE6E0664C" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61EB8ECFE79A67F4" bold="true" box="[189,429,157,184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Conservation status</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C60878ECCE4E067F4" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[465,727,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarumayu">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C60878ECCE4E067F4" box="[465,727,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Caperonia amarumayu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered as Data Deficient (DD) in terms of conservation status assessment (
<bibRefCitation id="15110B85FFD1550C600F8E90E7D56790" author="IUCN" box="[345,482,194,220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" refId="ref4112" refString="IUCN (2013) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 10. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http: // intranet. iucn. org / webfiles / doc / SSC / RedList / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 10 October 2020)" type="book" year="2013">IUCN 2013</bibRefCitation>
), but deforestation and gold mining are considerable threats in the
<collectingRegion id="B344B896FFD1550C659C8E90E3476790" box="[1226,1392,194,220]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
river region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61EB8F58E4DD6668" box="[189,746,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61EB8F58E4DD6668" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,508]" box="[189,746,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61EB8F58E70E6668" bold="true" box="[189,313,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Phenology</emphasis>
:—Flowering and fruiting in February.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61EB8F7CE3AE6620" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61EB8F7CE3AE6620" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61EB8F7CE7096604" bold="true" box="[189,318,302,328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Etymology</emphasis>
:—In the Quechua indigenous language,
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C624E8F7CE5536604" box="[792,868,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Amaru</emphasis>
= serpent, and
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C654A8F7DE26E6604" box="[1052,1113,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">mayu</emphasis>
= river.
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C65978F7CE37D6604" box="[1217,1354,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Amarumayu</emphasis>
was the name given by the Quechua people to the river currently known as
<collectingRegion id="B344B896FFD1550C622F8F00E2156620" box="[889,1058,338,364]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
, where the species was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61EB8F24E7EF66B0" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61EB8F24E7EF66B0" blockId="3.[136,1452,157,508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61EB8F24E73766DC" bold="true" box="[189,256,374,400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Notes</emphasis>
:—Due to its prickly stem (
<figureCitation id="E9BB6AF1FFD1550C63688F24E4A166DC" box="[574,662,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,957,979]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,190,933]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[234,1354,190,933]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1.—Caperonia amarumayu. A. Holotype of Caperonia amarumayu. B. Prickles present in the section Aculeolateae. C. Inflorescence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814312/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) this new species must be classified in
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C65358F24E39266DC" box="[1123,1445,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Aculeolatae">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C65358F24E2ED66DC" box="[1123,1242,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Caperonia</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C64498F24E39266DC" box="[1311,1445,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Aculeolatae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The characters that distinguish it from the other Bolivian species of the genus,
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C65458FC8E2F066F8" authorityName="Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1825" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus 1753:" baseAuthorityYear="1004" box="[1043,1223,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneifolia">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C65458FC8E2F066F8" box="[1043,1223,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">C. castaneifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C65818FC8E74F6694" authority="Pax &amp; Hoffmann (1912: 43)" authorityName="Pax &amp; Hoffmann" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabrata">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C65818FC8E36E66F8" box="[1239,1369,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">C. glabrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="15110B85FFD1550C64358FC8E74F6694" author="Pax, F. &amp; Hoffmann, K." pageId="3" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref4669" refString="Pax, F. &amp; Hoffmann, K. (1912) Euphorbiaceae - Acalypheae - Chrozophorinae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV. 147. vi (Heft 57). Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 142." type="book chapter" year="1912">Pax &amp; Hoffmann (1912: 43)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C60E78FECE4036694" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1004" box="[433,564,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C60E78FECE4036694" box="[433,564,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">C. palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fide
<bibRefCitation id="15110B85FFD1550C632E8FECE55B6694" author="Jorgensen, P. M. &amp; Nee, M. H. &amp; Beck, S. G." box="[632,876,446,472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" refId="ref4167" refString="Jorgensen, P. M., Nee, M. H. &amp; Beck, S. G. (2014) Catalogo de plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, 1744 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Jørgensen
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C63A68FEDE51E6694" box="[752,809,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C62E68FECE2756694" authorityName="Mansfeld" authorityYear="1925" box="[944,1090,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zaponzeta">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C62E68FECE2756694" box="[944,1090,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">C. zaponzeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that is first recorded in
<collectingCountry id="099736E4FFD1550C640F8FECE39C6694" box="[1369,1451,446,472]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
here, are presented in
<tableCitation id="3C0243CFFFD1550C60288FB0E7E566B0" box="[382,466,482,508]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,224,555,579]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Main morphological differences between species of Caperonia recorded in Bolivia." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/25FF26FCFFD1550C61DE8C79E24A650F" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" tableUuid="25FF26FCFFD1550C61DE8C79E24A650F">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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