353 lines
30 KiB
XML
353 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ebc123bd-2053-491f-a882-3a9bd6d52026" ID-PMC="PMC8065023" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1032-63" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9B0211942DE15D60B0C7314A4C542C42" ID-PubMed="33958916" ID-ZooBank="D07ED053E39749B89F1070A4AB2C2214" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1032-63" checkinTime="1618619375587" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Breedy, Odalisca, Ofwegen, Leen van, McFadden, Catherine S. & Murillo-Cruz, Catalina" docDate="2021" docId="959FBA3C89C15DC1BE6456C88EABCF4D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1032: 63-77" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1032" docPubDate="2021-04-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431" docTitle="Rhodolitica occulta Breedy & Ofwegen & McFadden & Murillo-Cruz 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B7B0E8AA-C5DE-433D-A2BC-0E73B386D45E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="9B0211942DE15D60B0C7314A4C542C42" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="9B0211942DE15D60B0C7314A4C542C42" masterDocTitle="Rhodolitica on rhodoliths: a new stoloniferan genus (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1668150172038" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rhodolitica on rhodoliths: a new stoloniferan genus (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Breedy, Odalisca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-4164</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia; Museo de Zoologia, UCR, Universidad de Costa Rica, P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Republic of Panama & Centro de Investigacion en Estructuras Microscopicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">odaliscab@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||
</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ofwegen, Leen van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Netherlands Center for Biodiversity Naturalis, P. O. Box 9517, 2300, RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McFadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711 - 5990, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Murillo-Cruz, Catalina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Investigacion en Estructuras Microscopicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica & Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidad de Costa Rica, P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-04-16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1032</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>63</mods:start>
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<mods:end>77</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1032-63</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D07ED053E39749B89F1070A4AB2C2214</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9B0211942DE15D60B0C7314A4C542C42</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181024655" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B7B0E8AA-C5DE-433D-A2BC-0E73B386D45E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/959FBA3C89C15DC1BE6456C88EABCF4D" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B7B0E8AA-C5DE-433D-A2BC-0E73B386D45E" authority="Breedy & Ofwegen & McFadden & Murillo-Cruz, 2021" authorityName="Breedy & Ofwegen & McFadden & Murillo-Cruz" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Rhodolitica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhodolitica occulta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occulta" status="sp. nov.">Rhodolitica occulta</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov. A holotype MZUCR 2514 B paratype MZUCR 2513, ribbon-like stolons can be observed at the upper cluster of polyps (white arrows) C unsorted sclerites of the holotype D tentacular sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532549" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">, 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079229301" collectingDate="2007-01-13" collectorName="J. Cortes, J. Sibaja-Cordero, Expedition, R" elevation="45" latitude="5.5557833" location="Cocos Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03893" municipality="Chatham Bay" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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MZUCR 2514, lot 1, ethanol preserved,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:959FBA3C89C15DC1BE6456C88EABCF4D:0908E5EFA8744DD80B25B08D1B19D0C5" latitude="5.5557833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03893" municipality="Chatham Bay" name="Cocos Island">Cocos Island</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Chatham Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="33.347" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.5557833">05°33.347'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="87" direction="west" minutes="02.336" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-87.03893">87°02.336'W</geoCoordinate>
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, dredging,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="45.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectorName>
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J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>J. Sibaja-Cordero</collectorName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Proteidae" genus="Proteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proteus" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Proteus</taxonomicName>
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-CIMAR
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<collectorName>Expedition, R</collectorName>
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/V
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Proteidae" genus="Proteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proteus" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Proteus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2007-01-13">13 January 2007</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079229306" collectingDate="2007-01-17" collectorName="J. Cortes, J. Sibaja-Cordero, Expedition, R" county="Punta Ulloa" elevation="42" latitude="5.5537" location="Roca Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03422" municipality="Langosta" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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MZUCR 2514, lots 2, 3, ethanol preserved, same geographical data as the holotype. MZUCR 2734, lot ethanol preserved,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:959FBA3C89C15DC1BE6456C88EABCF4D:11B084185D558AFE3BA566DF3D6D9A08" county="Punta Ulloa" latitude="5.5537" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.03422" municipality="Langosta" name="Roca Chatham Bay">Roca Chatham Bay</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Langosta</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Punta Ulloa</collectingCounty>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="33.222" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.5537">05°33.222'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="87" direction="west" minutes="02.053" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-87.03422">87°02.053'W</geoCoordinate>
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, dredging
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.9" unit="m" value="41.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="39.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.9" unit="m" value="41.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="39.0">39-44 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectorName>
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J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName>J. Sibaja-Cordero</collectorName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Proteidae" genus="Proteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proteus" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Proteus</taxonomicName>
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-CIMAR
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<collectorName>Expedition, R</collectorName>
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||
/V
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Proteidae" genus="Proteus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proteus" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Proteus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2007-01-17">17 January 2007</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079229302" accessionNumber="MW491885, MW491886, MW491887" collectingDate="2008-04-14" collectorName="J. Sibaja-Cordero" county="Punta Ulloa" elevation="45" latitude="5.5537" location="GenBank" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.034386" municipality="Chatham Bay" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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MZUCR 2513 (
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:959FBA3C89C15DC1BE6456C88EABCF4D:4EF67A3403EDC6A02E078E03820D63CD" county="Punta Ulloa" latitude="5.5537" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.034386" municipality="Chatham Bay" name="GenBank">GenBank</location>
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accession numbers
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<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW491885">MW491885</accessionNumber>
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(28S rDNA),
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<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW491886">MW491886</accessionNumber>
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(mtMutS) and
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<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW491887">MW491887</accessionNumber>
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(COI)), ethanol preserved,
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<collectingMunicipality>Chatham Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Punta Ulloa</collectingCounty>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="33.222" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.5537">05°33.222'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="87" direction="west" minutes="02.063" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-87.034386">87°02.063'W</geoCoordinate>
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dredging
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="45.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectorName>J. Sibaja-Cordero</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2008-04-14">14 April 2008</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079229303" collectingDate="2007-01-14" collectorName="J. Cortes" elevation="23" location="Bahia Iglesias" municipality="Muela Rock" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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MZUCR 3301, ethanol preserved,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:959FBA3C89C15DC1BE6456C88EABCF4D:ABE4A1C7655BAE0DB40039768A5FBD30" municipality="Muela Rock" name="Bahia Iglesias">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
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Iglesias
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</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Muela Rock</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="23.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectorName>
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J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2007-01-14">14 January 2007</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079229304" collectingDate="2009-04-03" collectorName="J. Cortes" elevation="20" latitude="5.5454445" location="Chatham Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.02825" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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MZUCR 3302, lot preserved in ethanol,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:959FBA3C89C15DC1BE6456C88EABCF4D:3128EDF97E167C310F44A015C70CEC98" latitude="5.5454445" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.02825" name="Chatham Bay">Chatham Bay</location>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="43.6" value="5.5454445">05°32'43.6"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="87" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="41.7" value="-87.02825">87°01'41.7"W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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depth
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||
</elevation>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName>
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||
J.
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
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||
</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectingDate value="2009-04-03">3 April 2009</collectingDate>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3079229305" collectingDate="2015-10-25" collectorName="DeepSee Dive, A. Klapfer" elevation="55" location="Cocos Island" municipality="Everest" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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MZUCR 3303, lot ethanol preserved, off
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:959FBA3C89C15DC1BE6456C88EABCF4D:FC4AD3C4282B6EFF7D3DB19EF62FEBCE" municipality="Everest" name="Cocos Island">Cocos Island</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality>Everest</collectingMunicipality>
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||
pinnacle,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="m" value="55.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, HOV
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<collectorName>DeepSee Dive</collectorName>
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2375,
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<collectorName>A. Klapfer</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2015-10-25">25 October 2015</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Chatham Bay, Cocos Island, Costa Rica, 45 m depth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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The holotype is composed of several bright red tubular, single anthosteles extending up to 8 mm above the surface of a 4 cm-diameter rhodolith (from one lot of five rhodoliths, 4-7 cm diameter) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov. A holotype MZUCR 2514 B paratype MZUCR 2513, ribbon-like stolons can be observed at the upper cluster of polyps (white arrows) C unsorted sclerites of the holotype D tentacular sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532549" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2A</figureCitation>
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). The tubular anthosteles are slightly expanded distally, forming groups of 10-12, and closely spaced, with the bases 1-2 mm apart. The anthosteles arise directly from thin basal stolons (Fig.
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov. A holotype MZUCR 2514 B paratype MZUCR 2513, ribbon-like stolons can be observed at the upper cluster of polyps (white arrows) C unsorted sclerites of the holotype D tentacular sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532549" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2B</figureCitation>
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). The stolons are ribbon-like, approximately 1 mm in width, and extending in irregular patterns on the surface of the rhodolith. Anthostelar walls are composed of bright red, variable coenenchymal sclerites: long warty spindles, 0.17-0.27 mm in length, 0.047-0.07 mm wide (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov. A holotype MZUCR 2514 B paratype MZUCR 2513, ribbon-like stolons can be observed at the upper cluster of polyps (white arrows) C unsorted sclerites of the holotype D tentacular sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532549" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); complexly warted cylindrical spindles with fused tubercles on one surface, and warty on the other, 0.11-0.32 mm long and 0.045-0.08 mm wide (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); bent spindles, 0.19-0.23 mm long, 0.01-0.013 mm wide (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, end of the row); smaller crosses, radiates up to 0.15 mm long, and transitional forms (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the inner coenenchyme. Conspicuous fused or partly fused sclerites are present in the stolons (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov. A holotype MZUCR 2514 B paratype MZUCR 2513, ribbon-like stolons can be observed at the upper cluster of polyps (white arrows) C unsorted sclerites of the holotype D tentacular sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532549" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
); Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
(right side) shows details of sclerites fused together. These brittle sclerites can partially dissociate during the dissolution process, forming small or large aggregations 0.2-1.6 mm long (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov. A holotype MZUCR 2514 B paratype MZUCR 2513, ribbon-like stolons can be observed at the upper cluster of polyps (white arrows) C unsorted sclerites of the holotype D tentacular sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532549" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are present only in the stolons, and do not extend into the anthostelar walls. Anthocodiae are completely retractile into the anthosteles. The anthocodiae have eight interseptal points, composed of slender thorny spindles, 0.23-0.5 mm long and 0.018-0.05 mm wide (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov. A holotype MZUCR 2514 B paratype MZUCR 2513, ribbon-like stolons can be observed at the upper cluster of polyps (white arrows) C unsorted sclerites of the holotype D tentacular sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532549" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) arranged 'en
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="chevron’">chevron'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, with very few transverse spindles, not forming a collaret. The points are composed of 10-15 spindles. Orange biscuit-like rods, 0.047-0.095 mm long and 0.014-0.026 mm wide (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov. A holotype MZUCR 2514 B paratype MZUCR 2513, ribbon-like stolons can be observed at the upper cluster of polyps (white arrows) C unsorted sclerites of the holotype D tentacular sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532549" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Rhodolitica occulta sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514 A, B outer coenenchymal sclerites C inner coenenchymal sclerites D anthocodial sclerites E tentacular sclerites F fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) are along the tentacles. Unfortunately, all specimens have been preserved with the anthocodiae partially or totally retracted therefore a full description is not possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532549" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Breedy & Ofwegen & McFadden & Murillo-Cruz" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Rhodolitica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhodolitica occulta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Rhodolitica occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
|
||
holotype MZUCR 2514
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
|
||
paratype MZUCR 2513, ribbon-like stolons can be observed at the upper cluster of polyps (white arrows)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
unsorted sclerites of the holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
|
||
tentacular sclerites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="variability">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Variability.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">The paratypes were found on rhodoliths of 3-9 cm in diameter. Some variation in colour was found in a few paratypes. They present red and orange anthosteles in the same colony. All other characteristics were consistent with those of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532550" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Breedy & Ofwegen & McFadden & Murillo-Cruz" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Rhodolitica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhodolitica occulta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Rhodolitica occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., holotype MZUCR 2514
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
outer coenenchymal sclerites
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
inner coenenchymal sclerites
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
|
||
anthocodial sclerites
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">E</emphasis>
|
||
tentacular sclerites
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">F</emphasis>
|
||
fused and partially fused sclerites from stolons, details at the right.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The colonies were found only associated with living rhodoliths, from 20 to 55 m depth. The rhodoliths were in aggregations, forming extensive beds or dispersed on sandy bottoms (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Rhodoliths bed, Pajara Islet, Cocos Island, at 22 m in depth. Photograph by Beatriz Naranjo, UCR." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532551" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens were also collected from a dead shell and from a dead piece of coral partially covered by rhodoliths, making it evident that this species is associated with living rhodoliths. In some colonies anthosteles are occupied by several epizoic organisms, especially bryozoans and small hydroids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1032.63431.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532551" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Rhodoliths bed,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pájara">Pajara</normalizedToken>
|
||
Islet, Cocos Island, at 22 m in depth. Photograph by Beatriz Naranjo, UCR.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">The species is presently only known from Cocos Island.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
|
||
An adjective (L),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">occultus</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning hidden, secret, mysterious. Historically, numerous expeditions to Cocos Island seeking pirate treasures buried somewhere in the mysterious island were completely unsuccessful. The new species, out of sight, hidden amongst rhodoliths, shows that the real treasure of the island is its biodiversity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |