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<document id="8A68EBB83DDBEC158AF3F3EC88BA74CD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175204" ID-GBIF-Dataset="211b154d-8a70-47fc-aabf-b25551752242" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175204" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459802877868" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chen, Young-Fa &amp; Ko, Chiun-Cheng" docDate="2007" docId="790A87D4FF822830FF36FC49591E2D8D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01390p016.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1390" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Singhiella melanolepis Chen &amp; Ko, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="8533FFACFF80283BFFA1FFC658642A67" masterDocTitle="Singhiella melanolepis, a new species of whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Taiwan with remarks on the genus Singhiella Sampson" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698220134702" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="3BF0321184A87804A2433EC0CF58EAF7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="AC61923A6272E43D1D04C3ECB6A73091">Singhiella melanolepis, a new species of whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Taiwan with remarks on the genus Singhiella Sampson</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4D7EBEC78616EF03927D37786A3E6C38" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D4CC441705C9EF760FEFCCF5B9CBADE7">
<mods:roleTerm id="071D5E6F4686D19D50D9864C50C8BEDB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DBCFE340E4C01AA15DC3CA9590FE5AC4">Chen, Young-Fa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B78063B5A133DFD2AAB05CE8B0C40E31">Ko, Chiun-Cheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ED65F7AF0971883225EB47FE6054FD0A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E209B6E73E2C1DEF9DCA0E434476EE22">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B40D09BA8FC79EA2E82D0F546DDE1C1E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="06873820EC63AE866C2EB107E97C6E1B">1390</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F765C5272F272B9F90CFFABEB2FCCC8E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2CDD5CE1B1A8B80F80F31ACBBBFCBF52" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.175204</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="22B3F10E14D348DEF20EB9E74706A744" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="790A87D4FF822830FF36FC49591E2D8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5667907" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119352152" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5667907" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:790A87D4FF822830FF36FC49591E2D8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/790A87D4FF822830FF36FC49591E2D8D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="B9B96549FF822838FF36FC495A712ABD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF822839FF36FC495B5329CE" blockId="2.[151,823,911,938]" box="[151,823,911,938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="AA5481AEFF822839FF36FC495B5329CE" bold="true" box="[151,823,911,938]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF822839FF36FC495B5329CE" bold="true" box="[151,823,911,938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF822839FF36FC495A2629CE" ID-CoL="6YRGD" authority="Chen &amp; Ko" authorityName="Chen &amp; Ko" box="[151,578,911,937]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF822839FF36FC4959CF29CE" bold="true" box="[151,427,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Singhiella melanolepis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Ko
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8E457ABFF822839FDE8FC495AC329CE" box="[585,679,911,937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF822839FD17FC495B4B29CE" box="[694,815,911,938]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStart-2="FIGURES 10 – 11" captionStart-3="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStart-4="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStart-5="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStart-6="FIGURES 35 – 36" captionStartId-0="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,269,1964,1988]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,269,1142,1166]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,269,1857,1881]" captionStartId-6="10.[151,269,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1407,263,1907]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1435,194,1938]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1422,200,1105]" captionTargetBox-3="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetBox-4="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetBox-5="[164,1427,183,1816]" captionTargetBox-6="[153,1429,178,1049]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[165,1422,254,1911]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[127,1461,194,1960]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[154,1433,194,1118]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetId-6="figure@10.[151,1435,174,1053]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 5. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., puparium. 1, dorsal and ventral view; 2, margin; 3, antenna; 4, thoracic tracheal fold; 5, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow." captionText-1="FIGURES 6 – 9. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 6, dorsal view; 7, ventral view; 8, dorsal view of thoracic tracheal pore; 9, thoracic tracheal fold." captionText-2="FIGURES 10 – 11. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 10, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow; 11, caudal fold." captionText-3="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." captionText-4="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." captionText-5="FIGURES 28 – 34. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 28, antenna of male; 29, antenna of female; 30, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 31, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment VI; 32, compound eyes of male; 33, dorsal view of male genitalia; 34, lateral view of male genitalia." captionText-6="FIGURES 35 – 36. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 35, ventral view of female genitalia; 36, lateral view of female genitalia." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/175205/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/175206/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/175207/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/175210/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/175211/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1–36</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF822838FF36FC1C5A712ABD" blockId="2.[151,1437,986,2012]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1438,152,218]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
PUPARIUM (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF822839FE9FFC1C59DC2993" box="[318,440,986,1012]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStart-2="FIGURES 10 – 11" captionStartId-0="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,269,1964,1988]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,269,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1407,263,1907]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1435,194,1938]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1422,200,1105]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[165,1422,254,1911]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[127,1461,194,1960]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[154,1433,194,1118]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 5. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., puparium. 1, dorsal and ventral view; 2, margin; 3, antenna; 4, thoracic tracheal fold; 5, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow." captionText-1="FIGURES 6 – 9. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 6, dorsal view; 7, ventral view; 8, dorsal view of thoracic tracheal pore; 9, thoracic tracheal fold." captionText-2="FIGURES 10 – 11. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 10, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow; 11, caudal fold." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/175205/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/175206/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/175207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1–11</figureCitation>
). Found in groups on the undersurface of leaves. Pale to yellowish, but generally colourless when slide­mounted. Most pupae without, or with only a little, waxy secretion. Pupal case average
<quantity id="365B9B27FF822839FF36FBEC59652E23" box="[151,257,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.35">1.35 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF822839FEF1FBEC59DD2E23" box="[336,441,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.05">1.05 mm</quantity>
wide, elongate to ovoid, broadest at first abdominal segment. Margin more or less smooth, or with faint crenulations marked by short radiating ridges, about 24 ridges per 100 μm. Ends of thoracic and caudal tracheal folds not evident and marked by short smooth areas in margin (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF822839FB71FBBC5D7F2EF3" box="[1232,1307,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[201,1407,263,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[165,1422,254,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., puparium. 1, dorsal and ventral view; 2, margin; 3, antenna; 4, thoracic tracheal fold; 5, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175205/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF822839FA95FBBC5DF02EF3" bold="true" box="[1332,1428,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dorsum</emphasis>
. More­or­less flat, with raised rachis or other ridges, usually on cephalothorax and dorsal disc, abdominal tergites I–VII without median tubercle but subdorsal tubercles on cephalothorax and on each side of tergites III–VI. Sculpturing of fine papillae and inscriptions, in subdorsal areas arranged in less radiating rows of papillae; sculpturing sometimes highly reduced. Longitudinal moulting suture more or less straight, reaching margin. Transverse moulting suture reaching a point just above or slightly beyond lateral margins of hind legs; ends of suture with distinct raised areas or clusters of papillae, slightly posterior relative to middle of suture. Eighth abdominal segment subequal to seventh in length. Disc pores and associated porettes scattered over dorsum; each pore/porette pair not close together, pores uniformly mounted on tubercles or papillae but porette not.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF822839FF36FA2458B32F9B" bold="true" box="[151,215,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Setae</emphasis>
. Marginal setae pointed, on anterior and posterior margins, anterior pair
<quantity id="365B9B27FF822839FBE5FA245CC92F9B" box="[1092,1197,1506,1532]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
long, posterior pair
<quantity id="365B9B27FF822839FF36F9CC59682C43" box="[151,268,1546,1572]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.045">0.045 mm</quantity>
long. Twelve pairs of submarginal setae (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF822839FD4AF9CC5B512C43" box="[747,821,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[201,1407,263,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[165,1422,254,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., puparium. 1, dorsal and ventral view; 2, margin; 3, antenna; 4, thoracic tracheal fold; 5, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175205/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF822839FCE0F9CC5B342C43" box="[833,848,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,194,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[127,1461,194,1960]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 6, dorsal view; 7, ventral view; 8, dorsal view of thoracic tracheal pore; 9, thoracic tracheal fold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175206/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8</figureCitation>
) of nearly uniform length,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF822839FB29F9CC5C972C43" box="[1160,1267,1546,1572]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
; sixth submarginal setae usually in line with other submarginal setae and not inset medially to nearly above middle leg; twelfth pair of submarginal setae not inset on caudal ridges. Cephalic setae
<quantity id="365B9B27FF822839FBAAF99C5CE52C13" box="[1035,1153,1626,1652]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.025">0.025 mm</quantity>
long, distinctly forward of mouthparts. First abdominal setae present. Eighth abdominal setae laterad of vasiform orifice, more or less in line with anterior margin. Caudal setae slightly anterior to margin,
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long.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF822839FBD7F96C5D5C2CA3" bold="true" box="[1142,1336,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Vasiform orifice</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF822839FAE8F96C5DF22CA3" box="[1353,1430,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[201,1407,263,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[165,1422,254,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., puparium. 1, dorsal and ventral view; 2, margin; 3, antenna; 4, thoracic tracheal fold; 5, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175205/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF822839FF36F91458D32C8B" box="[151,183,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,200,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1433,194,1118]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 11. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 10, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow; 11, caudal fold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</figureCitation>
). More or less trapezoidal to almost circular,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF822839FD67F9145B492C8B" box="[710,813,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="365B9B27FF822839FC00F9145C722C8B" box="[929,1046,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.055">0.055 mm</quantity>
wide, middle of posterior margin not broken, often with loose tile­like structures in notched area; inner margin often with faint ridges radiating into orifice; operculum equal in size to vasiform orifice and similar in shape, nearly filling orifice, usually without posterior part distinctly narrowed; lingula exposed, without setae, almost included, except a small part of posterior end exposed outside.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF822839FDA9F8B45ADF2DEB" bold="true" box="[520,699,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Caudal furrow</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF822839FD6DF8B45B7D2DEB" box="[716,793,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[201,1407,263,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[165,1422,254,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., puparium. 1, dorsal and ventral view; 2, margin; 3, antenna; 4, thoracic tracheal fold; 5, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175205/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF822839FC88F8B45B2D2DEB" box="[809,841,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,200,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1433,194,1118]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 11. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 10, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow; 11, caudal fold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</figureCitation>
). With a larger tile­like structure,
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long, less wide than vasiform orifice anteriorly, abruptly narrowed posteriorly, reaching margin; furrow lined with large granules in more or less transverse rows on wide part, more scattered on narrow part. Caudal ridges apparently slightly raised above adjacent derm, especially posteriorly. Area lateral to vasiform orifice and caudal furrow without spinules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="A5DC664AFF832838FF36F8485ADB2DAE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175205/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[201,1407,263,1907]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF832838FF36F8485ADB2DAE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1934,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF832838FF36F84859262DC1" bold="true" box="[151,322,1934,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 1–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF832838FEE8F8495A592DC1" box="[329,573,1935,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF832838FEE8F8495A592DC1" box="[329,573,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Singhiella melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF832838FDE5F8485AFD2DC1" bold="true" box="[580,665,1934,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8E457ABFF832838FDE5F8485AFD2DC1" box="[580,665,1934,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, puparium. 1, dorsal and ventral view; 2, margin; 3, antenna; 4, thoracic tracheal fold; 5, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A5DC664AFF84283FFF36F86A5A0A2D81" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175206/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[154,1435,194,1938]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF84283FFF36F86A5A0A2D81" blockId="4.[151,1436,1964,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF84283FFF36F86A59252DA3" bold="true" box="[151,321,1964,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 6–9.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF84283FFDB9F86A5B6F2DA4" box="[536,779,1964,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF84283FFDB9F86A5B6F2DA4" box="[536,779,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Singhiella melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF84283FFCB0F86A5B022DA3" bold="true" box="[785,870,1964,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8E457ABFF84283FFCB0F86A5B022DA3" box="[785,870,1964,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
6, dorsal view; 7, ventral view; 8, dorsal view of thoracic tracheal pore; 9, thoracic tracheal fold.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A5DC664AFF85283EFF36FBB058AD2ED7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175207/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[164,1422,200,1105]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF85283EFF36FBB058AD2ED7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1142,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF85283EFF36FBB0593E2EE9" bold="true" box="[151,346,1142,1166]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 10–11.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF85283EFD93FBB15B412EE9" box="[562,805,1143,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF85283EFD93FBB15B412EE9" box="[562,805,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Singhiella melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF85283EFC8DFBB05BE52EE9" bold="true" box="[812,897,1142,1166]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8E457ABFF85283EFC8DFBB05BE52EE9" box="[812,897,1142,1166]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
10, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow; 11, caudal fold.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="B9B96549FF85283DFF36FB185B6E2C1D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF85283EFF36FB1859332C44" blockId="5.[151,1439,1246,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF85283EFF36FB18592F2E9F" bold="true" box="[151,331,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ventral surface</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF85283EFEFBFB1959C72E9E" box="[346,419,1247,1273]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[201,1407,263,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[165,1422,254,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., puparium. 1, dorsal and ventral view; 2, margin; 3, antenna; 4, thoracic tracheal fold; 5, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175205/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF85283EFE0EFB1959BF2E9E" box="[431,475,1247,1273]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,194,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[127,1461,194,1960]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 9. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 6, dorsal view; 7, ventral view; 8, dorsal view of thoracic tracheal pore; 9, thoracic tracheal fold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175206/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7, 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF85283EFE46FB195A612E9E" box="[487,517,1247,1273]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,200,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1433,194,1118]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 11. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 10, vasiform orifice and caudal furrow; 11, caudal fold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175207/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11</figureCitation>
). Thoracic and caudal tracheal folds usually distinguishable but entirely smooth; caudal fold with a few short rows of minute spinules extending about half way to margin from vasiform orifice. Ventral setae finely pointed, posterior pair just anterior to vasiform orifice. One small, fine seta mesad of each leg, normally 2 minute setae on or near basal curve of each leg, often difficult to see. Legs curved laterally, front and middle legs on each side closely apprised; posterolateral margin of front legs and lateral margins of middle and hind legs without spinules. Antenna located just mesad of front leg,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFC6FFA5F5C522FD4" box="[974,1078,1433,1459]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
, terminal process 7.5 μm, lacking spinules at base, with a minute seta basally. Rostrum short, conical. Four pairs of spiracles present, 2 near posterior part of front and middle legs, one just beyond hind legs on anterior abdomen and one just laterad of vasiform orifice.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF85283DFF66F9E95DEF29E5" blockId="5.[151,1439,1246,2009]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1439,151,2018]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
ADULT MALE (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF85283EFE36F9E95A452C2E" box="[407,545,1583,1609]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 12–18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF85283EFD8EF9E95AC92C2E" box="[559,685,1583,1609]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,183,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 28, antenna of male; 29, antenna of female; 30, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 31, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment VI; 32, compound eyes of male; 33, dorsal view of male genitalia; 34, lateral view of male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175210/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">28, 32–34</figureCitation>
). Yellowish to brown when alive, with a light dusting of wax. Middle and distal end of forewing with four dusky spots. Yellowish when mounted, except extreme tip of rostrum and thorax brown. Average body length
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFD64F9B95B462CFE" box="[709,802,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
(included claspers). Essentially entire body covered with minute setae.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF85283EFED5F96059D12CA7" bold="true" box="[372,437,1702,1728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Head</emphasis>
. With scattered minute setae with short cylindrical bases. Width across eyes
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFA9AF9615DFD2CA6" box="[1339,1433,1703,1729]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
. Rostral IV
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFEBEF90959FE2C8E" box="[287,410,1743,1769]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.125">0.125 mm</quantity>
measured along longest edge, with 15–20 setae.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF85283EFC4EF9085C012C8F" bold="true" box="[1007,1125,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF85283EFBD6F9095CB12C8E" box="[1143,1237,1743,1769]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF85283EFB45F9095D612C8E" box="[1252,1285,1743,1769]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,183,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 28, antenna of male; 29, antenna of female; 30, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 31, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment VI; 32, compound eyes of male; 33, dorsal view of male genitalia; 34, lateral view of male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175210/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">28</figureCitation>
). Inserted in median indentation of compound eyes; segment I less than half as long as II; segment II with several scattered setae of various sizes; segment III
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, with 2 primary sensoria apically, one about its width basad of other, one bidirectional sensorial cone more basad
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFD56F8815B172D06" box="[759,883,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.045">0.045 mm</quantity>
; segment IV
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFBB5F8815CE62D06" box="[1044,1154,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
; V
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFB0FF8815D4E2D06" box="[1198,1322,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.045">0.045 mm</quantity>
, with one primary sensorium apically; VI
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFDB1F8A95A182DEE" box="[528,636,1903,1929]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
, with one bidirectional sensorial cone near middle, about as long as sensorial cone on segment III; VII
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFD8EF8515ADC2DD6" box="[559,696,1943,1969]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.0325">0.0325 mm</quantity>
, with one primary sensorium a little beyond middle of segment and one sensorial cone
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFE13F8795A4F2DBE" box="[434,555,1983,2009]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.015">0.015 mm</quantity>
in basal third of segment, apical spine
<quantity id="365B9B27FF85283EFBA9F8795C122DBE" box="[1032,1142,1983,2009]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
; apparent annulations of antenna composed of very close­set setulae.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFD0DFF515B0A2AD6" bold="true" box="[684,878,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Compound eyes</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFCDEFF5E5BBF2AD5" box="[895,987,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFC4BFF5E5C6F2AD5" box="[1002,1035,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,183,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 28, antenna of male; 29, antenna of female; 30, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 31, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment VI; 32, compound eyes of male; 33, dorsal view of male genitalia; 34, lateral view of male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175210/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">32</figureCitation>
). Constricted laterally, dorsal and ventral parts connected by 2 facets; ventral facets about 50% larger than dorsal facets. Lateral ocelli abut dorsal margin of compound eyes, about twice as wide as dorsal eye facets.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFC42FF215C582B66" bold="true" box="[995,1084,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thorax</emphasis>
. Sclerotized plates typical for aleyrodine adults. Wings with a patch of maculation in middle and near distal end.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFBCEFEC95CCC2B4E" bold="true" box="[1135,1192,271,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Legs</emphasis>
. Coxa 1,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFABDFED65DFC2B4D" box="[1308,1432,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.145">0.145 mm</quantity>
; femur 1,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFEA3FEFE593B2B35" box="[258,351,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
, femur 2,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE74FEFE5A562B35" box="[469,562,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
, femur 3,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFD08FEFE5B402B35" box="[681,804,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.263">0.263 mm</quantity>
, including dorsal tooth­like projection at extreme apices, femur 3 with 3 strong subapical spines dorsally; tibia 1,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFCDEFEA65B982B1D" box="[895,1020,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.263">0.263 mm</quantity>
, with about 45 setae and no tibial brushes, tibia 2 (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFEF9FE4E59CA2BC5" box="[344,430,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE65FE4E5A7A2BC5" box="[452,542,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
with 1 tibial brush with 2 setae and sometimes a third seta close but slightly basad, tibia 3 (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFEE2FE7659FD2BAD" box="[323,409,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE11FE765A4C2BAD" box="[432,552,432,458]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.385">0.385 mm</quantity>
with about 12 setae in tibial comb, without tibial brush, and with a distinct nonsetose area basad of apical spines; tarsal segment I with following lengths and setae (tarsi 1, 2, 3):
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFAF6FE1E58A1287D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.105">0.105 mm</quantity>
with 6–8 setae,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE2CFDC65A62287D" box="[397,518,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.105">0.105 mm</quantity>
with 8–10 setae,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFD7DFDC65B23287D" box="[732,839,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
with 7–9 setae; tarsal segments II with following lengths and setae (tarsi 1, 2, 3):
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFDBCFDEE5AC12825" box="[541,677,552,578]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.0875">0.0875 mm</quantity>
with 7–8 setae,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFCCCFDEE5BBC2825" box="[877,984,552,578]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
with 4 setae,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFB22FDEE5D682825" box="[1155,1292,552,578]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.0875">0.0875 mm</quantity>
with 4 or 5 setae; hind tarsal claw
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE0BFD965A53280D" box="[426,567,592,618]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.0375">0.0375 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFDE2FD895AD3280E" bold="true" box="[579,695,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Ventral surface with 4 pairs of wax plates on segments II–V (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFF3EFDBE589C28F5" box="[159,248,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
), length/width of plate on segment II =
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/
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFCE9FDBE5BD028F5" box="[840,948,632,658]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
, III =
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFBA0FDBE5CED28F5" box="[1025,1161,632,658]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.0575">0.0575 mm</quantity>
/
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFB33FDBE5C9928F5" box="[1170,1277,632,658]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
, IV =
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFAEAFDBE58A128DD" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.0575">0.0575 mm</quantity>
/
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFF6FFD66592228DD" box="[206,326,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.125">0.125 mm</quantity>
, V =
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE24FD66599F28DD" box="[389,507,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.053">0.053 mm</quantity>
/
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFDA5FD665A0B28DD" box="[516,623,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
. Each wax plate with 2 pairs of setae inward but 1 pair outward.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFAC1FD5959442886" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Genital capsule</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFE90FD0E59EC2885" box="[305,392,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
).
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE3EFD0E5A712885" box="[415,533,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.113">0.113 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFD2AFD0E5B672885" box="[651,771,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.165">0.165 mm</quantity>
wide.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFCF3FD015C712886" bold="true" box="[850,1045,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Vasiform orifice</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFB87FD0E5C192885" box="[1062,1149,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Oval, wider than long, lingula
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFF51FD36590F296D" box="[240,363,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.002">0.002 mm</quantity>
; capsule with 5–6 pairs of dorsal setae, lateralmost setae distinctly thinner and shorter than more medial pairs, most medial pair thinner than thick middle pair.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFC60FCD15C7A2956" bold="true" box="[961,1054,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Clasper</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFB8FFCDE5CEE2955" box="[1070,1162,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1950,1974]" captionTargetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[165,1422,288,1927]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFB38FCDE5C832955" box="[1177,1255,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,183,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 28, antenna of male; 29, antenna of female; 30, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 31, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment VI; 32, compound eyes of male; 33, dorsal view of male genitalia; 34, lateral view of male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175210/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">33–34</figureCitation>
).
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFB5CFCDE5D382955" box="[1277,1372,792,818]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
, with five pairs of dorsal setae, and four and three pairs of setae present on inner and outer surfaces respectively, small rounded tooth on medial surface subapically. Aedeagus
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFCCFFCAE5BAF29E5" box="[878,971,872,898]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
, curved up apically and forked at end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF86283DFF66FC565B6E2C1D" blockId="6.[151,1439,151,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
ADULT FEMALE (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFE16FC565A2429CD" box="[439,576,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 19–27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFDECFC565A0929CD" box="[589,621,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,183,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 28, antenna of male; 29, antenna of female; 30, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 31, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment VI; 32, compound eyes of male; 33, dorsal view of male genitalia; 34, lateral view of male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175210/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFDDAFC565AAD29CD" box="[635,713,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 36" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,178,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,174,1053]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 36. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 35, ventral view of female genitalia; 36, lateral view of female genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175211/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">35–36</figureCitation>
). Colour as in male. Body length
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFBFFFC565CC329CD" box="[1118,1191,912,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFB10FC495C9629CE" bold="true" box="[1201,1266,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Head</emphasis>
. Width across eyes
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFF73FC7E595529B5" box="[210,305,952,978]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFE9AFC7159D429B6" bold="true" box="[315,432,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Antennae</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFE69FC7E5A4729B5" box="[456,547,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFD91FC7E5A3529B5" box="[560,593,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,183,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 28, antenna of male; 29, antenna of female; 30, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 31, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment VI; 32, compound eyes of male; 33, dorsal view of male genitalia; 34, lateral view of male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175210/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29</figureCitation>
). Inserted in median indentation of compound eyes; segment I less than half as long as II, segment II with several scattered setae of various sizes; III
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFBB9FC265CF6299D" box="[1048,1170,992,1018]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.138">0.138 mm</quantity>
, with 2 primary sensoria apically, one just distad of other and one bidirectional sensorial cone more basad
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFBDCFBCE5C8D2E45" box="[1149,1257,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
; IV
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFABCFBCE5DFD2E45" box="[1309,1433,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.025">0.025 mm</quantity>
; V
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFF14FBF659542E2D" box="[181,304,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.299999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.043">0.043 mm</quantity>
, with one primary sensorium apically; VI
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFC86FBF65BC72E2D" box="[807,931,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.045">0.045 mm</quantity>
, with one bidirectional sensorial cone near middle, about as long as sensorial cone on segment III; VII
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFCD4FB9E5B802E15" box="[885,996,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
, with one primary sensorium a little beyond middle of segment and one sensorial cone
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFD46FB465B342EFD" box="[743,848,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
on basal third of segment, apical spine
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFA81FB465DF82EFD" box="[1312,1436,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.015">0.015 mm</quantity>
. Rostral IV
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFEBAFB6E59F72EA5" box="[283,403,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.135">0.135 mm</quantity>
measured along longest edge, with 15–20 setae.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFC77FB615CF32EA6" bold="true" box="[982,1175,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Compound eyes</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFB06FB6E5D642EA5" box="[1191,1280,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Constricted laterally, dorsal and ventral parts connected by 2 facets.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFC89FB095B052E8E" bold="true" box="[808,865,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Legs</emphasis>
. Coxa 1,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFC73FB165C282E8D" box="[978,1100,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.163">0.163 mm</quantity>
; femur 1,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFB62FB165D4A2E8D" box="[1219,1326,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
, femur 2,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFF36FB3E59602F75" box="[151,260,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
, femur 3,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFEDEFB3E598E2F75" box="[383,490,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.30 mm</quantity>
with a strong subapical spine dorsally; tibia 1,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFB83FB3E5CEB2F75" box="[1058,1167,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
, tibia 2 (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFB5BFB3E5D362F75" box="[1274,1362,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFACBFB3E58AC2F5D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
, tibia 3 (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFE8AFAE659E72F5D" box="[299,387,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE36FAE6599B2F5D" box="[407,511,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
with about 16 setae in tibial comb and with a brush with 3 setae; tarsal segment I with following lengths and setae (tarsi 1, 2, 3):
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFD7AFA8E5B202F05" box="[731,836,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
with 10 setae and a strong subapical spur,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFAE3FA8E5DF92F05" box="[1346,1437,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
with 8–9 setae,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFEF0FAB659AD2FED" box="[337,457,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.125">0.125 mm</quantity>
with 6 setae; tarsal segment II with following lengths and setae (tarsi 1, 2, 3):
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFAC8FAB658A12FD5" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
with 7 or 8 setae,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE3DFA5E5A612FD5" box="[412,517,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
with 7 setae,
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFD06FA5E5B6B2FD5" box="[679,783,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
with 4 setae; hind tarsal claws
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFBDFFA5E5C9D2FD5" box="[1150,1273,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.025">0.025 mm</quantity>
, paronychium
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFF36FA0659672FBD" box="[151,259,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFEAEFA7959E72FBE" bold="true" box="[271,387,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Ventral surface with 2 pairs of wax plates (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFC2AFA065B862FBD" box="[907,994,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
) on segments II and III, length/width of plate on segment II =
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFE18FA2E5A5B2C65" box="[441,575,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0118" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="10.118">10.118 mm</quantity>
/
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFDE9FA2E5AA42C65" box="[584,704,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.175">0.175 mm</quantity>
, III =
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFCABFA2E5BE52C65" box="[778,897,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.113">0.113 mm</quantity>
/
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFC28FA2E5C672C65" box="[905,1027,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.180 mm</quantity>
. Each wax plate with 2 inner but 1 outer pairs of setae.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFE2BF9C95A2A2C4E" bold="true" box="[394,590,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Vasiform orifice</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFDC1F9D65ADD2C4D" box="[608,697,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
). With lingula
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFCCCF9D65BBF2C4D" box="[877,987,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFC46F9C95C332C4E" bold="true" box="[999,1111,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFBC9F9D65C962C4D" box="[1128,1266,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 26–27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFB5EF9D65D292C4D" box="[1279,1357,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 36" captionStartId="10.[151,269,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,178,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,174,1053]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 36. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 35, ventral view of female genitalia; 36, lateral view of female genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175211/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">35–36</figureCitation>
). With lateral ovipositor
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFEC4F9FE59BB2C35" box="[357,479,1592,1618]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.095">0.095 mm</quantity>
, measured as shown in
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFD53F9FE5B2C2C35" box="[754,840,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
, with 4 setae; middle ovipositor
<quantity id="365B9B27FF86283DFB64F9FE5D222C35" box="[1221,1350,1592,1618]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="79.0" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="74.0">74–84 mm</quantity>
, with 2 setae. The cement gland slightly segmented (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF86283DFD04F9A65A982C1D" box="[677,764,1632,1658]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[165,1422,174,1849]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov., female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9B96549FF86283DFF66F9415DE52C95" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF86283DFF66F9415DE52C95" blockId="6.[151,1439,151,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFF66F9415ABD2CC6" bold="true" box="[199,729,1671,1697]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Material examined.
<typeStatus id="2E188860FF86283DFE79F9415A2E2CC6" box="[472,586,1671,1697]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
puparium
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="89B47652FF86283DFD52F94E5B032CC5" box="[755,871,1672,1698]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
, Chiao­chi, on
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFB9BF94E5DFF2CC6" box="[1082,1435,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF86283DFB9BF94E5CAF2CC6" box="[1082,1227,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">Melanolepis</taxonomicName>
multiglandulosa
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF86283DFF3EF97659302CAD" box="[159,340,1712,1738]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="851D1002FF86283DFEC8F97659912CAD" box="[361,501,1712,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2006-03-22">22­III­2006</date>
, C. H. Chen and Y. T. Shih (TW 2961) (
<collectionCode id="97B2AE07FF86283DFC45F9765C432CAD" box="[996,1063,1712,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NTU</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFB9DF9695CA62CAE" bold="true" box="[1084,1218,1711,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="2E188860FF86283DFB9DF9695CDA2CAE" box="[1084,1214,1711,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
26 pupal cases,
<specimenCount id="E7A5FD4BFF86283DFA2CF97658BA2C95" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="E7A5FD4BFF86283DFF4BF91E593A2C95" box="[234,350,1752,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
, same data as for
<typeStatus id="2E188860FF86283DFD8FF91E5AF02C95" box="[558,660,1752,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="97B2AE07FF86283DFD05F91E5A952C95" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[676,753,1752,1778]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ANIC</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="97B2AE07FF86283DFD5CF91E5B3D2C95" box="[765,857,1752,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BMNH</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="97B2AE07FF86283DFCC5F91E5B802C95" box="[868,996,1752,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">EMNAFU</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="97B2AE07FF86283DFC51F91E5C532C95" box="[1008,1079,1752,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IDAV</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="97B2AE07FF86283DFBE3F91E5CE62C95" box="[1090,1154,1752,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NTU</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="97B2AE07FF86283DFB2FF91E5CB02C95" box="[1166,1236,1752,1778]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TARI</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="97B2AE07FF86283DFB41F91E5D5C2C95" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1248,1336,1752,1778]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USNM</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="97B2AE07FF86283DFAE5F91E5D112C95" box="[1348,1397,1752,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZSI</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9B96549FF86283DFF66F9395C102D7D" box="[199,1140,1791,1818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF86283DFF66F9395C102D7D" blockId="6.[151,1439,151,2018]" box="[199,1140,1791,1818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFF66F93959372D7E" bold="true" box="[199,339,1791,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF86283DFD92F8C65AA52D7E" box="[563,705,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFD92F8C65AA52D7E" box="[563,705,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the host plant genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9B96549FF86283CFF66F8E15B2B2B65" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF86283CFF66F8E15B2B2B65" blockId="6.[151,1439,151,2018]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1435,152,258]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFF66F8E1594F2D26" bold="true" box="[199,299,1831,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Biology.</emphasis>
This species has been collected only once, and is of no known economic importance. No ant attendance was observed, but mixed populations of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF86283DFD52F8965C362D0D" authority="Russell" authorityName="Russell" box="[755,1106,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispersus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFD52F8965B922D0E" box="[755,1014,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aleurodicus dispersus</emphasis>
Russell
</taxonomicName>
were observed on the lower leaf surfaces. Based on the distribution of
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF86283DFD20F8BE5BBC2DF6" box="[641,984,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF86283DFD20F8BE5B762DF6" box="[641,786,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">Melanolepis</taxonomicName>
multiglandulosa
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF86283DFC47F8BE5CFF2DF5" box="[998,1179,1912,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
), this whitefly species is likely to have a wider distribution. It is a perennial shrub widely distributed in the South Pacific Islands from
<collectingCountry id="89B47652FF86283DFF78F80E592F2D85" box="[217,331,1992,2018]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
to eastern Polynesia, also in
<collectingCountry id="89B47652FF86283DFD0BF80E5A972D85" box="[682,755,1992,2018]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="89B47652FF86283DFCA0F80E5B3E2D85" box="[769,858,1992,2018]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="89B47652FF86283DFC3BF80E5B842D85" box="[922,992,1992,2018]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
. It grows mainly in secondary places such as roadsides, regrowth thickets, depleted open secondary forest, forest edges in savannah, coconut plantations, old gardens, but also in primary forest, (
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF87283CFD71FF065B0D2ABE" box="[720,873,192,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Barringtonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF87283CFD71FF065B0D2ABE" box="[720,873,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Barringtonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) swamp forest,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF87283CFB86FF065D7D2ABE" box="[1063,1305,192,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deglupta">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF87283CFB86FF065D7D2ABE" box="[1063,1305,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eucalyptus deglupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dominated forest, monsoon (deciduous) forest, and among mangroves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="A5DC664AFF87283CFF36F8585BD82DBE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175208/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[211,1374,313,1900]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF87283CFF36F8585BD82DBE" blockId="7.[151,1436,1950,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF87283CFF36F85859392DD1" bold="true" box="[151,349,1950,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURES 12–18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF87283CFEC5F8595A3C2DD1" box="[356,600,1951,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF87283CFEC5F8595A3C2DD1" box="[356,600,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Singhiella melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF87283CFDFEF8585AD12DD1" bold="true" box="[607,693,1950,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8E457ABFF87283CFDFEF8585AD12DD1" box="[607,693,1950,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male. 12, antenna; 13, compound eyes; 14, mesotibia; 15, metatibia; 16, fore wing; 17, abdominal wax plates; 18, vasiform orifice and genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A5DC664AFF882833FF36F8965CD62DEC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175209/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[184,1415,185,1827]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF882833FF36F8965CD62DEC" blockId="8.[151,1435,1872,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF882833FF36F896593A2D0F" bold="true" box="[151,350,1872,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 19–27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF882833FEC7F8975A3F2D0F" box="[358,603,1873,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF882833FEC7F8975A3F2D0F" box="[358,603,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Singhiella melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF882833FDC3F8965ADC2D0F" bold="true" box="[610,696,1872,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8E457ABFF882833FDC3F8965ADC2D0F" box="[610,696,1872,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female. 19, antenna; 20, compound eyes; 21, mesotibia; 22, metatibia; 23, fore wing; 24, abdominal wax plates; 25, vasiform orifice; 26, genitalia; 27, cement gland.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A5DC664AFF892832FF36F8875C2C2DFA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175210/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[164,1427,183,1816]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF892832FF36F8875C2C2DFA" blockId="9.[151,1435,1857,1949]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF892832FF36F887593B2D3E" bold="true" box="[151,351,1857,1881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURES 28–34.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF892832FD9BF8845B4B2D3E" box="[570,815,1858,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF892832FD9BF8845B4B2D3E" box="[570,815,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Singhiella melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF892832FC99F8875BEB2D3E" bold="true" box="[824,911,1857,1881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8E457ABFF892832FC99F8875BEB2D3E" box="[824,911,1857,1881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
28, antenna of male; 29, antenna of female; 30, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 31, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment VI; 32, compound eyes of male; 33, dorsal view of male genitalia; 34, lateral view of male genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A5DC664AFF8A2831FF36FBED59C52E02" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[153,1429,178,1049]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8A2831FF36FBED59C52E02" blockId="10.[151,1436,1067,1125]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FF36FBED593B2E24" bold="true" box="[151,351,1067,1091]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURES 35–36.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FD9AFBEA5B552E24" box="[571,817,1068,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD9AFBEA5B552E24" box="[571,817,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Singhiella melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FC98FBED5BF52E24" bold="true" box="[825,913,1067,1091]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8E457ABFF8A2831FC98FBED5BF52E24" box="[825,913,1067,1091]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
35, ventral view of female genitalia; 36, lateral view of female genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="B9B96549FF8A2830FF66FB55591E2D8D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8A2831FF66FB555B982F41" blockId="10.[151,1437,1171,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FF66FB555A7E2ECA" bold="true" box="[199,538,1171,1197]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comments and discussion.</emphasis>
In
<collectingCountry id="89B47652FF8A2831FDE8FB525AC62EC9" box="[585,674,1172,1198]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, nine species are currently included in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FB24FB525C9F2ECA" box="[1157,1275,1172,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FB24FB525C9F2ECA" box="[1157,1275,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FAAEFB5259402EB1" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chitinosa">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FAAEFB525D7A2ECA" box="[1295,1310,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FA91FB525DFF2ECA" box="[1328,1435,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">chitinosa</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FE93FB7A5A0C2EB1" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" box="[306,616,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dioscoreae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FE93FB7A59252EB2" box="[306,321,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FEF3FB7A59B62EB2" box="[338,466,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">dioscoreae</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FDD7FB7A5BF62EB1" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" box="[630,914,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeagni">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FDD7FB7A5AE12EB2" box="[630,645,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD37FB7A5A9F2EB2" box="[662,763,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">elaeagni</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FC3EFB7A5C852EB1" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" box="[927,1249,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuraruensis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FC3EFB7A5BCA2EB2" box="[927,942,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FC1EFB7A5C2D2EB2" box="[959,1097,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">kuraruensis</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FB4FFB7A5DF82EB2" box="[1262,1436,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FB4FFB7A5C992EB2" box="[1262,1277,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FAAFFB7A5DF82EB2" box="[1294,1436,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D8E457ABFF8A2831FF36FB22589D2E99" box="[151,249,1252,1278]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FEABFB225A7C2E99" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" box="[266,536,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FEABFB22597D2E9A" box="[266,281,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FE8CFB22591A2E9A" box="[301,382,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">piperis</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FD88FB225B0E2E99" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" box="[553,874,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subrotunda">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD88FB225A5C2E9A" box="[553,568,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FDEDFB225AB52E9A" box="[588,721,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">subrotunda</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FCDAFB225CA32E99" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" box="[891,1223,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrastigmae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FCDAFB225BEE2E9A" box="[891,906,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FC3CFB225C4B2E9A" box="[925,1071,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">tetrastigmae</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FAAAFB2259412F41" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanieriae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FAAAFB225D7D2E9A" box="[1291,1305,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FA8CFB225DF82E9A" box="[1325,1436,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">vanieriae</emphasis>
(Takahashi)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FE8EFACA59BE2F42" box="[303,474,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FE8EFACA59592F42" box="[303,317,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FEEDFACA59BE2F42" box="[332,474,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FDD2FACA5A912F42" box="[627,757,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeagni">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FDD2FACA5AE62F42" box="[627,642,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD31FACA5A912F42" box="[656,757,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">elaeagni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs as follows:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8A2831FF66FAF258AA2F11" blockId="10.[151,1437,1171,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
1. All setae on the dorsal disc and all submarginal setae are capitate in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FC5FFAF25CE42F2A" box="[1022,1152,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeagni">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FC5FFAF25C682F2A" box="[1022,1036,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FBBAFAF25CE42F2A" box="[1051,1152,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">elaeagni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but spiny in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FAB6FAF258A22F12" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FAB6FAF25D422F2A" box="[1303,1318,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FA95FAF258A22F12" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8A2831FF66FA4259482FA1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1171,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
2. There are 14 pairs of submarginal setae (excluding caudal setae) in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FBA8FA425CE82FFA" box="[1033,1164,1412,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeagni">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FBA8FA425C7C2FFA" box="[1033,1048,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FB86FA425CE82FFA" box="[1063,1164,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">elaeagni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but only 12 pairs in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FA27FA4259412FA2" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FA27FA425DF12FFA" box="[1414,1429,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FF36FA6A59412FA2" box="[151,293,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8A2831FF66FA12590C2C71" blockId="10.[151,1437,1171,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
3. Thoracic tracheal pores are distinct in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FD00FA125B472F8A" box="[673,803,1492,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeagni">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD00FA125AD42F8A" box="[673,688,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD1FFA125B472F8A" box="[702,803,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">elaeagni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 2 or 3 small teeth, but there are no distinct pores in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FF14FA3A593B2C72" box="[181,351,1532,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FF14FA3A58A02C72" box="[181,196,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FF73FA3A593B2C72" box="[210,351,1532,1557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8A2831FF66F9E25C832C01" blockId="10.[151,1437,1171,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
4. The vasiform orifice of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FE5CF9E25AE42C5A" box="[509,640,1572,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeagni">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FE5CF9E25A682C5A" box="[509,524,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FDBAF9E25AE42C5A" box="[539,640,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">elaeagni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is wider than long and the end of the caudal furrow is widely open, with 2 or 3 very short rounded teeth, but such characteristics are not present in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FB94F98A5C842C02" box="[1077,1248,1612,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FB94F98A5C272C02" box="[1077,1091,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FBF3F98A5C842C02" box="[1106,1248,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8A2830FF66F9B25B6C2BC5" blockId="10.[151,1437,1171,2038]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,418]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Following the redefinition of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FD88F9B25AC42CEA" box="[553,672,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD88F9B25AC42CEA" box="[553,672,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="95324B33FF8A2831FD71F9B25B1D2CE9" author="Jensen" box="[720,889,1652,1678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Jensen, A. S. (2001) A cladistic analysis of Dialeurodes, Massilieurodes and Singhiella, with notes and keys to the Nearctic species and description of four new Massilieurodes species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Systematic Entomology, 26, 279 - 310." type="journal article" year="2001">Jensen (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, there are now 28 species in the genus. However,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FF77F95A59292CD2" box="[214,333,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FF77F95A59292CD2" box="[214,333,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is less clearly defined than
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FD2EF95A5B7B2CD2" box="[655,799,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD2EF95A5B7B2CD2" box="[655,799,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dialeurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FCF7F95A5C6C2CD2" box="[854,1032,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Massilieurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FCF7F95A5C6C2CD2" box="[854,1032,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Massilieurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with considerable variation in the puparia between species (see Table 2), including the opening of the thoracic tracheal pores, the number and shape of the submarginal setae, and the location of the most posterior pair of submarginal setae.
<bibRefCitation id="95324B33FF8A2831FB58F92A5DF82D61" author="Jensen" box="[1273,1436,1772,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" refString="Jensen, A. S. (2001) A cladistic analysis of Dialeurodes, Massilieurodes and Singhiella, with notes and keys to the Nearctic species and description of four new Massilieurodes species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Systematic Entomology, 26, 279 - 310." type="journal article" year="2001">Jensen (2001)</bibRefCitation>
described the adult characteristics of only one
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FD18F8D25B542D4A" box="[697,816,1812,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD18F8D25B542D4A" box="[697,816,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FC3AF8D25C7C2D4A" box="[923,1048,1812,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citrifolli">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FC3AF8D25BCE2D4A" box="[923,938,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FC19F8D25C7C2D4A" box="[952,1048,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">citrifolli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In contrast, we have studied the adults of several species in this genus from
<collectingCountry id="89B47652FF8A2831FD3DF8FA5A912D31" box="[668,757,1852,1878]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and these show considerable variation in several characters.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FF74F8A259D32D19" bold="true" box="[213,439,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Antennal sensoria</emphasis>
: We compared the adults of five species of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FC49F8A25C1C2D1A" box="[1000,1144,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FC49F8A25C1C2D1A" box="[1000,1144,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dialeurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, five species of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FAEDF8A259672DC2" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Massilieurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FAEDF8A259672DC2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Massilieurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and five species of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FDA1F84A5A132DC2" box="[512,631,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FDA1F84A5A132DC2" box="[512,631,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The antennal segments of the
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FC5DF84A5CE82DC2" box="[1020,1164,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FC5DF84A5CE82DC2" box="[1020,1164,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dialeurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species bore complex sensorial plaques (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF8A2831FECEF87259A12DA9" box="[367,453,1972,1998]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 44" captionStartId="12.[151,269,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[165,1403,195,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[165,1422,172,1793]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 44. Antennae of adult whiteflies. 37, Dialeurodes citri, male; 38, Massilieurodes formosensis, male; 39 – 40, Singhiella kuraruensis, male; 41 Singhiella piperis, male; 42 – 43, Singhiella subrotunda, female; 44, Singhiella tetrastigmae, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175212/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
), whereas those of the
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FD70F8725B1C2DAA" box="[721,888,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Massilieurode</emphasis>
s species bore simple sensorial cones (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF8A2831FA96F8725DEA2DA9" box="[1335,1422,1972,1998]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 44" captionStartId="12.[151,269,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[165,1403,195,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[165,1422,172,1793]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 44. Antennae of adult whiteflies. 37, Dialeurodes citri, male; 38, Massilieurodes formosensis, male; 39 – 40, Singhiella kuraruensis, male; 41 Singhiella piperis, male; 42 – 43, Singhiella subrotunda, female; 44, Singhiella tetrastigmae, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175212/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
). However, in different
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8A2831FE08F81A5A442D92" box="[425,544,2012,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8A2831FE08F81A5A442D92" box="[425,544,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species two
<typeStatus id="2E188860FF8A2831FD64F81A5B672D91" box="[709,771,2012,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">types</typeStatus>
of sensorial cones (bidirectional and simple sensorial cones) were found on antennal segments III and VI (
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF8B2830FCABFF5E5BF12AD5" box="[778,917,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 44" captionStartId="12.[151,269,1816,1840]" captionTargetBox="[165,1403,195,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[165,1422,172,1793]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 44. Antennae of adult whiteflies. 37, Dialeurodes citri, male; 38, Massilieurodes formosensis, male; 39 – 40, Singhiella kuraruensis, male; 41 Singhiella piperis, male; 42 – 43, Singhiella subrotunda, female; 44, Singhiella tetrastigmae, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175212/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 39–44</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC0AFF515D172AD6" bold="true" box="[939,1395,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Compound eye pigmentation patterns</emphasis>
: In species of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FEB6FF0659C32ABE" box="[279,423,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FEB6FF0659C32ABE" box="[279,423,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dialeurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FE45FF065AEF2ABE" box="[484,651,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Massilieurode</emphasis>
s, we could not find pigmentation in the lower facets of the compound eyes, but in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FEDDFF2E59972B66" box="[380,499,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FEDDFF2E59972B66" box="[380,499,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we found pigmentation in two species,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FC75FF2E5C1A2B66" box="[980,1150,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuraruensis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC75FF2E5B872B66" box="[980,995,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC52FF2E5C1A2B66" box="[1011,1150,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">kuraruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF8B2830FB2EFF2E5C822B65" box="[1167,1254,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 49" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[261,1303,186,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,172,1847]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 49. Compound eyes and male genitalia of Singhiella spp. 45, S. kuraruensis; 46, S. piperis; 47, S. kuraruensis; 48, S. piperis; 49, S. tetrastigmae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175213/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FA8AFF2E5DF82B66" box="[1323,1436,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FA8AFF2E5D5E2B66" box="[1323,1338,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FAEAFF2E5DF82B66" box="[1355,1436,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">piperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF8B2830FF3EFED6589C2B4D" box="[159,248,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 49" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[261,1303,186,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,172,1847]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 49. Compound eyes and male genitalia of Singhiella spp. 45, S. kuraruensis; 46, S. piperis; 47, S. kuraruensis; 48, S. piperis; 49, S. tetrastigmae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175213/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FEAAFEC959DD2B4E" bold="true" box="[267,441,271,297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: In species of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FDC3FED65A962B4E" box="[610,754,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FDC3FED65A962B4E" box="[610,754,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dialeurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC88FED65BAB2B4E" box="[809,975,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Massilieurode</emphasis>
s, we did not observe any bifurcation in the aedeagus apex, but in
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FE6DFEFE5A272B36" box="[460,579,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FE6DFEFE5A272B36" box="[460,579,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we found four
<typeStatus id="2E188860FF8B2830FD5CFEFE5B5F2B35" box="[765,827,312,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
of aedeagus apex:
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FB81FEFE5CAD2B36" box="[1056,1225,312,338]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuraruensis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FB81FEFE5C4A2B36" box="[1056,1070,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FB9FFEFE5CAD2B36" box="[1086,1225,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">kuraruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF8B2830FB7BFEFE5D572B35" box="[1242,1331,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 49" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[261,1303,186,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,172,1847]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 49. Compound eyes and male genitalia of Singhiella spp. 45, S. kuraruensis; 46, S. piperis; 47, S. kuraruensis; 48, S. piperis; 49, S. tetrastigmae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175213/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FAE8FEFE589F2B1E" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FAE8FEFE5D332B36" box="[1353,1367,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FAC9FEFE589F2B1E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF8B2830FEABFEA659F62B1D" box="[266,402,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,183,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1433,176,1855]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Photomicrographs, Singhiella melanolepis sp. nov. 28, antenna of male; 29, antenna of female; 30, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment III; 31, bidirectional sensorial cone on antennal segment VI; 32, compound eyes of male; 33, dorsal view of male genitalia; 34, lateral view of male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175210/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 33–34</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FE07FEA65A712B1E" box="[422,533,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FE07FEA659D12B1E" box="[422,437,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FE65FEA65A712B1E" box="[452,533,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">piperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF8B2830FD84FEA65A192B1D" box="[549,637,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 49" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[261,1303,186,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,172,1847]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 49. Compound eyes and male genitalia of Singhiella spp. 45, S. kuraruensis; 46, S. piperis; 47, S. kuraruensis; 48, S. piperis; 49, S. tetrastigmae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175213/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FD62FEA65B172B1E" box="[707,883,352,378]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrastigmae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FD62FEA65AB62B1E" box="[707,722,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FD41FEA65B172B1E" box="[736,883,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">tetrastigmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="69982A47FF8B2830FC22FEA65BB82B1D" box="[899,988,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 49" captionStartId="13.[151,269,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[261,1303,186,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[165,1422,172,1847]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 49. Compound eyes and male genitalia of Singhiella spp. 45, S. kuraruensis; 46, S. piperis; 47, S. kuraruensis; 48, S. piperis; 49, S. tetrastigmae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175213/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). This variation might suggest that the genus
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF42FE4E593E2BC6" box="[227,346,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF42FE4E593E2BC6" box="[227,346,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently unsatisfactorily defined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8B2830FF36FE115B742B88" blockId="11.[151,784,471,495]" box="[151,784,471,495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF36FE11588A2B88" bold="true" box="[151,238,471,495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 2.</emphasis>
Characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FE18FE1E5A412B88" box="[441,549,472,495]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FE18FE1E5A412B88" box="[441,549,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from
<collectingCountry id="89B47652FF8B2830FD1BFE1E5B682B88" box="[698,780,472,495]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8B2830FF6CFDD65DE72840" blockId="11.[205,1411,528,620]" box="[205,1411,528,551]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Species Colour Thoracic Tile­like Pairs of s.m. setae Tips of Posteriormost</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8B2830FDEBFDF45D33282E" blockId="11.[205,1411,528,620]" box="[586,1367,562,585]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">tracheal structures (excluding cau­ submarginal s.m. setae</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8B2830FDEBFD935C32280B" blockId="11.[205,1411,528,620]" box="[586,1110,597,620]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pores dal setae) setae</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8B2830FF3EFD465D3B2926" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<table id="83A3C462FF8BD7C4FF3EFD465DE72926" box="[159,1411,640,833]" gridcols="4" gridrows="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<tr id="4F933480FF8BD7C4FF3EFD465DE728F0" box="[159,1411,640,663]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FF3EFD46598E28F0" box="[159,490,640,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
1.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BFD46592228F0" box="[202,326,640,663]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chitinosa">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BFD4658B328F0" box="[202,215,640,663]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF44FD46592228F0" box="[229,326,640,663]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">chitinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dark
</th>
<th id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FDEBFD465B0D28F0" box="[586,873,640,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">present present 12</th>
<th id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB81FD465C1028F0" box="[1056,1140,640,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">spiny</th>
<th id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB4EFD465DE728F0" box="[1263,1411,640,663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">submargin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="4F933480FF8BD7C4FF3EFD6C5DE728A6" box="[159,1411,682,705]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FF3EFD6C598E28A6" box="[159,490,682,705]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
2.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BFD6C593D28A6" box="[202,345,682,705]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dioscoreae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BFD6C58B328A6" box="[202,215,682,705]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF44FD6C593D28A6" box="[229,345,682,705]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">dioscoreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pale
</th>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FDEBFD6C5B0D28A6" box="[586,873,682,705]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">present present 15</td>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB81FD6C5C1028A6" box="[1056,1140,682,705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">capitate</td>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB4EFD6C5DE728A6" box="[1263,1411,682,705]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">caudal ridges</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4F933480FF8BD7C4FF3EFD135DE7288B" box="[159,1411,725,748]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FF3EFD13598E288B" box="[159,490,725,748]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
3.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BFD135925288B" box="[202,321,725,748]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeagni">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BFD1358B3288B" box="[202,215,725,748]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF44FD135925288B" box="[229,321,725,748]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">elaeagni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pale
</th>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FDEBFD135B0D288B" box="[586,873,725,748]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">absent present 14</td>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB81FD135C10288B" box="[1056,1140,725,748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">capitate</td>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB4EFD135DE7288B" box="[1263,1411,725,748]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">submargin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4F933480FF8BD7C4FF3EFCC65DE72970" box="[159,1411,768,791]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FF3EFCC6598E2970" box="[159,490,768,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
4.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BFCC659072970" box="[202,355,768,791]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuraruensis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BFCC658B32970" box="[202,215,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF44FCC659072970" box="[229,355,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">kuraruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brown
</th>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FDEBFCC65B0D2970" box="[586,873,768,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">present absent 12</td>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB81FCC65C102970" box="[1056,1140,768,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">capitate</td>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB4EFCC65DE72970" box="[1263,1411,768,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">submargin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4F933480FF8BD7C4FF3EFCEC5DE72926" box="[159,1411,810,833]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FF3EFCEC598E2926" box="[159,490,810,833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
5.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BFCEC59022926" box="[202,358,810,833]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanolepis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BFCEC58B32926" box="[202,215,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF44FCEC59022926" box="[229,358,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">melanolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellowish
</th>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FDEBFCEC5B0D2926" box="[586,873,810,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">present present 12</td>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB81FCEC5C102926" box="[1056,1140,810,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">spiny</td>
<td id="0C425DFCFF8BD7C4FB4EFCEC5DE72926" box="[1263,1411,810,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">submargin</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8B2830FF3EFC935D3B29F0" blockId="11.[159,1404,853,1039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
6.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BFC93594B290B" box="[202,303,853,876]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperis">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BFC9358B3290B" box="[202,215,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF44FC93594B290B" box="[229,303,853,876]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">piperis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellow to brown present present 10 spiny submargin 7.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BFC46593929F0" box="[202,349,896,919]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subrotunda">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BFC4658B329F0" box="[202,215,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF44FC46593929F0" box="[229,349,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">subrotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellowish absent present 12 spiny submargin
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8B2830FD6BFC645B4829DE" blockId="11.[159,1404,853,1039]" box="[714,812,930,953]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">but small</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8B2830FF3EFC0B5A0D2CE5" blockId="11.[159,1404,853,1039]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,1120,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
8.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BFC0B590E2983" box="[202,362,973,996]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrastigmae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BFC0B58B32983" box="[202,215,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF44FC0B590E2983" box="[229,362,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">tetrastigmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellowish present present 15 capitate caudal ridges 9.
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BFC3E592E2E68" box="[202,330,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanieriae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BFC3E58B32E68" box="[202,215,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF44FC3E592E2E68" box="[229,330,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">vanieriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pale present present 12 capitate submargin The classification of whiteflies is based primarily on an immature stage, the puparium (
<bibRefCitation id="95324B33FF8B2830FB45FBA65D3F2E1D" author="Gill" box="[1252,1371,1120,1146]" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Gill, R. J. (1990) The morphology of whiteflies. In: D. Gerling (Ed.) Whiteflies: Their Bionomics, Pest Status and Management. Andover, UK: Intercept, pp. 13 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1990">Gill 1990</bibRefCitation>
), and adults are usually considered to be morphologically uniform (
<bibRefCitation id="95324B33FF8B2830FCC7FB4E5C352EC5" author="Bink-Moenen" box="[870,1105,1160,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Bink-Moenen, R. M. (1991) Comparisons between Neopealius rubi and Bemisia tabaci in Europe (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Entomologische berichten. AMST, 51, 30 - 37." type="journal article" year="1991">Bink­Moenen 1991</bibRefCitation>
). However, there are several examples of adult characters differing between species, and thus being useful for identification.
<bibRefCitation id="95324B33FF8B2830FA93FB7659172E95" author="David" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="David, B. V. &amp; Thenmozhi, K. (1995) On the characteristics of pupal case, adult and egg of Indian species of Lipaleyrodes Takahashi (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) with description of a new species. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 92, 339 - 349." type="journal article" year="1995">David &amp; Thenmozhi (1995)</bibRefCitation>
provided a comparison table of the clasper setation for four
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FB9FFB1E5CB22E96" box="[1086,1238,1240,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Lipaleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FB9FFB1E5CB22E96" box="[1086,1238,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lipaleyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<bibRefCitation id="95324B33FF8B2830FAE3FB1E59782F7D" author="Guimaraes" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Guimaraes, J. M. (1996) The diagnostic value of the cement gland and other abdominal structures in aleyrodid taxonomy. Bulletin OPPE / EPPO Bulletin, 26, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="1996">Guimarães (1996)</bibRefCitation>
described lateral ovipositor and cement gland structure of seven species (
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FB27FAC6596F2F25" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurothrixus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccosus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FB27FAC65DFF2F7E" box="[1158,1435,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aleurothrixus floccosus</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FEB6FAEE5A1E2F25" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[279,634,1320,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proletella">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FEB6FAEE5A602F26" box="[279,516,1320,1345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aleyrodes proletella</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FD24FAEE5BB42F25" authority="Gennadius" authorityName="Gennadius" box="[645,976,1320,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FD24FAEE5B512F26" box="[645,821,1320,1345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bemisia tabaci</emphasis>
(Gennadius)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FC7DFAEE5D542F25" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[988,1328,1320,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citri">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC7DFAEE5CC02F26" box="[988,1188,1320,1345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dialeurodes citri</emphasis>
(Ashmead)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FA9DFAEE59A42F0D" authority="Kuwana" authorityName="Kuwana" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Parabemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myricae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FA9DFAEE595A2F0E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parabemisia myricae</emphasis>
(Kuwana)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FE6FFA965B2E2F0D" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[462,842,1360,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Siphoninus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phillyreae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FE6FFA965AB42F0E" box="[462,720,1360,1385]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Siphoninus phillyreae</emphasis>
(Haliday)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FC29FA965D092F0D" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[904,1389,1360,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Trialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaporariorum">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC29FA965CAE2F0E" box="[904,1226,1360,1385]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trialeurodes vaporariorum</emphasis>
(Westwood))
</taxonomicName>
but omitted other useful adult morphological characters. Similarly,
<bibRefCitation id="95324B33FF8B2830FC3EFABE5CFE2FF5" box="[927,1178,1400,1426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Calvert, L. A., Cuervo, M., Arroyava, J. A., ConstNatino, L. M., Bellotti, A. &amp; Frochlich, D. (2001) Morphological and mitochondrial DNA marker analyses of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) colonizing cassava and beans in Colombia. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94, 512 - 519." type="journal article">
Calvert
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FBA0FABE5C5C2FF6" box="[1025,1080,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. (2001)
</bibRefCitation>
described the length ratios of antennal segments and the position of antennal sensoria for five species belonging to
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FB54FA665D372FDE" box="[1269,1363,1440,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FB54FA665D372FDE" box="[1269,1363,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FAC2FA6659682F86" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Rhachisphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FAC2FA6659682F86" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhachisphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FEE4FA0E5A652F86" box="[325,513,1480,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FEE4FA0E5A652F86" box="[325,513,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aleurotrachelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, the generic definitions of
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FC1DFA0E5C282F86" box="[956,1100,1480,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC1DFA0E5C282F86" box="[956,1100,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dialeurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FB24FA0E5D532F86" box="[1157,1335,1480,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Massilieurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FB24FA0E5D532F86" box="[1157,1335,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Massilieurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are well supported by the cladistic analysis of
<bibRefCitation id="95324B33FF8B2830FDF0FA365A9C2C6D" author="Jensen" box="[593,760,1520,1546]" pageId="11" pageNumber="15" refString="Jensen, A. S. (2001) A cladistic analysis of Dialeurodes, Massilieurodes and Singhiella, with notes and keys to the Nearctic species and description of four new Massilieurodes species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Systematic Entomology, 26, 279 - 310." type="journal article" year="2001">Jensen (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, but
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FC91FA365BC32C6E" box="[816,935,1520,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC91FA365BC32C6E" box="[816,935,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much less well supported. Our observations on adult morphology, such as the antennal sensoria and male genitalia, support the genera
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FAADF9DE5DF82C56" box="[1292,1436,1560,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FAADF9DE5DF82C56" box="[1292,1436,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dialeurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FF6BF98659182C3E" box="[202,380,1600,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Massilieurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FF6BF98659182C3E" box="[202,380,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Massilieurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the diversity among the species assigned to
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FC69F9865C5B2C3E" box="[968,1087,1600,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Singhiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC69F9865C5B2C3E" box="[968,1087,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Singhiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not support the suggestion that they belong to the same genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11C36C2FF8B2830FF66F956591E2D8D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1120,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
After extensive study of whitefly specimens, we have found additional adult characters that could be used to define species. For example, the three related
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FD53F97E5BE62CB6" box="[754,898,1720,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FD53F97E5BE62CB6" box="[754,898,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dialeurodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FC55F97E5CE62CB6" box="[1012,1154,1720,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agalmae">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FC55F97E5C6D2CB6" box="[1012,1033,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FBBCF97E5CE62CB6" box="[1053,1154,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">agalmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FB34F97E5C8A2CB6" box="[1173,1262,1720,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citri">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FB34F97E5CCE2CB6" box="[1173,1194,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FB1CF97E5C8A2CB6" box="[1213,1262,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">citri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="36A34D41FF8B2830FA8EF97E58952C9E" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Dialeurodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphniphylli">
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FA8EF97E5D202CB6" box="[1327,1348,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C3D7EAD0FF8B2830FAF6F97E58952C9E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">daphniphylli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have very similar puparia but the adults differ in the numbers of antennal sensorial plaques, the numbers of ommatidia between upper and lower halves of the compound eyes, the shapes of abdominal wax plates, also the vasiform orifice, claspers, cement glands and lateral view of aedeagus, even the chaetotaxy of male and female genitalia and the chaetotaxy of mesotibia and metatibia. More importance needs to be placed on these adult character states in considering the systematic relationships between whitefly species than has been done hitherto, and adult morphological characteristics need to be taken into consideration in studies on whitefly taxonomy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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