525 lines
68 KiB
XML
525 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="B18611581CA36069ABD814DC219D290B" ID-CLB-Dataset="24574" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4712.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0ed2a63-31e5-4aa5-a359-4a924c96825b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586396" ID-ZooBank="97EA65A8-C055-4B4A-A07C-4AC09323FB4C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1576823127061" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Setiadi, Anargha" docDate="2019" docId="03F587AAFF9EFFB3FF297295C9CCF8F2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4712.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4712 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Limnasterias estradivariae Setiadi 2019, sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="02EA2880-8BA7-4C06-99A2-782E11AAC69C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="400" masterDocId="FFCCFFD2FF9BFFBBFFBE7730CB59FFF5" masterDocTitle="A new genus and two new species of sea stars (Family Asterinidae) from Indonesian marine lakes, with notes on habitat and feeding ecology" masterLastPageNumber="402" masterPageNumber="392" pageNumber="397" updateTime="1698774940743" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2DB005DD9DEE7AAD260725BF34344034">A new genus and two new species of sea stars (Family Asterinidae) from Indonesian marine lakes, with notes on habitat and feeding ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="54E253649B1EDD04E6B6501C71CA617F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9F4A3123D6339B60FE6B9A9C39257F67">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A6362E566255FFA6FA7D32E9C94C307B">Setiadi, Anargha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3A09E345E6A75309EA243496082B93F1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="766BBA078FD31364229BA1B051B3FB84">
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<mods:date id="E5ED49BDF6B22DFED6EF8CD8C6D29BE6">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5E5A1E4C38180F43F3860DEB2ED59029">2019-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="337F1B8B4320E751183BB8A77E42246E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F66A28B54697E521B9F327BA1B8608DF">4712</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="982491A8BBF328D48A97C3A79E0C933C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="CD045375B26B5A5431E10196EBC73CA8">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E4EB92AA9C2D629B4515A2A981FD6EF1">392</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E58B759A6E7F455E91F8C95EBED808D6">402</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="A72588B8351544AA4F67707D7BC5CDE2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F0D59A2E580B8E5DAFA5D763A1D8EDD5" type="CLB-Dataset">24574</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0CBAE1B728C3427AF7648C79F656F0F7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4712.3.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E2FA27A1A7DB4C4F2A302B16988C5FB1" type="GBIF-Dataset">d0ed2a63-31e5-4aa5-a359-4a924c96825b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ECBB9E9A3569410A9C73D970749C693C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2FA07DCC1EA688ACCB4A9B446707FA79" type="Zenodo-Dep">3586396</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2BADC929777B1072E798B224BC021424" type="ZooBank">97EA65A8-C055-4B4A-A07C-4AC09323FB4C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03F587AAFF9EFFB3FF297295C9CCF8F2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160797288" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:02EA2880-8BA7-4C06-99A2-782E11AAC69C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587AAFF9EFFB3FF297295C9CCF8F2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="400" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
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<subSubSection id="C3466537FF9EFFBEFF297295C967FA4A" box="[151,574,1445,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9EFFBEFF297295C967FA4A" blockId="5.[151,574,1445,1508]" box="[151,574,1445,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
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<heading id="D0AB81D0FF9EFFBEFF297295C967FA4A" bold="true" box="[151,574,1445,1472]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFF297295C967FA4A" bold="true" box="[151,574,1445,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9EFFBEFF297295C95DFA4A" ID-CoL="849RD" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,516,1445,1472]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp.">
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<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFF297295CA80FA35" bold="true" box="[151,473,1445,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Limnasterias estradivariae</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9EFFBEFE5E7295C95DFA4A" box="[480,516,1445,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" rank="species">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</taxonomicName>
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nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3466537FF9EFFBEFF2972F9CAABFA11" box="[151,498,1481,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9EFFBEFF2972F9CAABFA11" blockId="5.[151,574,1445,1508]" box="[151,498,1481,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9EFFBEFF1E72F9CA43FA11" box="[160,282,1481,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal structures of Limnasterias gen. nov., A–B Limnasterias oinops holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Ray and abactinal surface removed to show absence of superambulacral plates (arrow) B. Appressed superactinal plate at distal edge of interradius (arrow) C. Limnasterias estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, abactinal surface and ray removed, showing interradial pillar (arrow) and absence of superambulacral plates D. L. estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00048, superactinal plate (arrow). Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Fig. 2C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586400/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9EFFBEFE9872F9CA30FA16" box="[294,361,1481,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov., A–E Holotype, MZB.Astr.00046: A. Abactinal surface (R = 12.05). B. Abactinal interradius, with upper and lower non-papulate regions (arrows). C. Lower lateral ray with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) D. Oral plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Conical abactinal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 3B and D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586402/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9EFFBEFEC872F9CAB3FA11" box="[374,490,1481,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Live and in situ observations of Limnasterias gen. nov. A. Limnasterias oinops, paratype, MZB.Astr.00042, live animal. B. Regurgitated remains of cannibalized L. oinops with visible furrow spines (arrow). C. Limnasterias estradivariae, paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, live animal. D. L. oinops on macroalgae. E. L. estradivariae on macroalgae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586404/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4C, E</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3466537FF9EFFBEFF29713CC928F943" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9EFFBEFF29713CCA79F9BF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1547,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
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<materialsCitation id="3B343CE1FF9EFFBEFF29713CCA45F9BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2521262598" county="Derawan Archipelago" elevation="1" location="Tanah Bamban Lake" municipality="Maratua Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFF29713CCA1DF9D3" bold="true" box="[151,324,1547,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
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<typeStatus id="54E7881EFF9EFFBEFF29713CCB8BF9D3" box="[151,210,1548,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality.
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</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8E836067FF9EFFBEFEF0713CC966F9D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587AAFF9EFFB3FF297295C9CCF8F2:8E836067FF9EFFBEFEF0713CC966F9D3" box="[334,575,1548,1574]" county="Derawan Archipelago" municipality="Maratua Island" name="Tanah Bamban Lake" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Tanah Bamban Lake</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B87ACC6FF9EFFBEFDF3713CC9A5F9D3" box="[589,764,1548,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Maratua Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62824E30FF9EFFBEFCB5713CCF5CF9D3" box="[779,1029,1548,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Derawan Archipelago</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF9EFFBEFBAA713CCF1BF9D3" box="[1044,1090,1548,1574]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" unit="m" value="1.0">
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||
<elevation id="0071D18FFF9EFFBEFBAA713CCF1BF9D3" box="[1044,1090,1548,1574]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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during low tide, on sand and macroalgae
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9EFFBEFF797163C928F943" blockId="5.[151,1437,1547,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
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||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFF797163CAF6F99B" bold="true" box="[199,431,1619,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B343CE1FF9EFFBEFE0B7164C928F943" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2521262596" collectingDate="2018-10-30" collectingDateMax="2019-02-20" collectingDateMin="2018-10-30" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Astr. & D. Kusuma & A. Setiadi" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" specimenCount="8" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54E7881EFF9EFFBEFE0B7164C978F99B" box="[437,545,1620,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE79FF9EFFBEFD977164C93EF99B" box="[553,615,1620,1646]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
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||
.
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||
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF9EFFBEFDD57164C9FBF99B" box="[619,674,1620,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Astr.</collectorName>
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||
00046,
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||
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF9EFFBEFD4B7164C82FF99B" box="[757,886,1620,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">D. Kusuma</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FFE2107CFF9EFFBEFC3E7164CF1EF99B" box="[896,1095,1620,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" value="2019-02-20">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E994FF9EFFBEFC3E7164CF1EF99B" box="[896,1095,1620,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" value="2019-02-20">20 February 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, in ethanol;
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<specimenCount id="9D5AFD35FF9EFFBEFB727164CE16F99B" box="[1228,1359,1620,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="generic" typeStatus="Paratypes">3 Paratypes</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED4DAE79FF9EFFBEFAE77164CEC0F99B" box="[1369,1433,1620,1646]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName id="26A9536AFF9EFFBEFF297148CB94F967" box="[151,205,1656,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Astr.</collectorName>
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00047 (Type locality),
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<collectorName id="26A9536AFF9EFFBEFE737148C918F967" box="[461,577,1656,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">A. Setiadi</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFE2107CFF9EFFBEFDF27148C854F967" box="[588,781,1656,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" value="2018-10-30">
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<collectingDate id="EFA6E994FF9EFFBEFDF27148C854F967" box="[588,781,1656,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" value="2018-10-30">30 October 2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, in ethanol;
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<specimenCount id="9D5AFD35FF9EFFBEFC267147CF44F967" box="[920,1053,1655,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="generic" typeStatus="Paratypes">5 Paratypes</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED4DAE79FF9EFFBEFB977148CF3EF967" box="[1065,1127,1656,1682]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName id="26A9536AFF9EFFBEFBD47148CFF9F967" box="[1130,1184,1656,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Astr.</collectorName>
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||
00048 (Type locality),
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<collectorName id="26A9536AFF9EFFBEFF2971ACCA40F943" box="[151,281,1692,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">D. Kusuma</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FFE2107CFF9EFFBEFE9B71ACCAB6F943" box="[293,495,1692,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" value="2019-02-20">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFA6E994FF9EFFBEFE9B71ACCAB6F943" box="[293,495,1692,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" value="2019-02-20">20 February 2019</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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, in ethanol.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3466537FF9EFFBEFF79718FCAF5F80F" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9EFFBEFF79718FCAF5F80F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1547,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
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||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFF79718FCA1BF92F" bold="true" box="[199,322,1727,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Non-fissiparous, small asterinid with R up to
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||
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF9EFFBEFCE3718FC88CF92F" box="[861,981,1727,1754]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="12.35">12.35 mm</quantity>
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; form five-rayed stellate, rays medium, basally rather broad with acute tips, R:r 2.0–2.6; body and rays high, semicircular in cross-section; abactinal plates with rounded keels, obscured by integument; papulae large, numerous, predominantly single; abactinal spinelets robust, digitiform to thick conical; up to 7 spinelets per plate, arranged linearly on plate apex; superomarginal plates circular, armed with up to two spinelets proximally; inferomarginal plates armed with clusters of digitiform to conical spinelets, up to 5; lengths of two or three inferomarginal spinelets often equal or subequal; oral spines digitiform, up to 5; furrow and subambulacral spines digitiform, subambulacral spines not taller than furrow spines. Color in life dark brown to dark gray abactinally, may photograph bluish gray; papulae translucent white, with pale spinelets; brown to beige actinally.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF236634FF9DFFBDFF297276CAF8FA32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586402/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" startId="6.[151,250,1350,1375]" targetBox="[151,1435,157,1341]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9DFFBDFF297276CAF8FA32" blockId="6.[151,1436,1350,1480]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9DFFBDFF297276C87EFAAA" bold="true" box="[151,807,1350,1375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
|
||
FIGURE 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9DFFBDFEA67277C90BFAAA" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[280,594,1350,1375]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp.">
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<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9DFFBDFEA67277C977FAAA" bold="true" box="[280,558,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Limnasterias estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9DFFBDFD8D7277C90BFAAA" box="[563,594,1351,1375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" rank="species">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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nov., A–E Holotype
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, MZB.Astr.00046:
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<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9DFFBDFC537276CF5CFAAA" bold="true" box="[1005,1029,1350,1375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">A.</emphasis>
|
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Abactinal surface (R = 12.05).
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<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9DFFBDFAFF7277CE01FAAA" bold="true" box="[1345,1368,1351,1375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal interradius, with upper and lower non-papulate regions (arrows).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9DFFBDFCCF7259C8D3FA77" bold="true" box="[881,906,1385,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lower lateral ray with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow)
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9DFFBDFE9072BCCA1EFA51" bold="true" box="[302,327,1420,1444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Oral plates.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9DFFBDFE7372BCCABDFA51" bold="true" box="[461,484,1420,1444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9DFFBDFD2872BCC9F0FA51" bold="true" box="[662,681,1420,1444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Conical abactinal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 3B and D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF9DFFBCFF7972C5CF1EF959" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9DFFBDFF7972C5CFE7F8DC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1525,2045]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9DFFBDFF7972C5CA00F9E5" bold="true" box="[199,345,1525,1552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Five rayed, non-fissiparous, small asterinid, R up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF9DFFBDFC7D72C5CF63F9E5" box="[963,1082,1525,1552]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" unit="mm" value="12.35">12.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
, R:r 2.0–2.6. Ray rather broad at base, tapering acutely, with semicircular profile. Disc variably bordered by plates, with pentagonal outline to irregular or incomplete border. Single madreporite. Thick integument covers abactinal surface. Imbricating abactinal plates triangular to crescentiform, rather thick with rounded keel; plates irregularly aligned at ray median and proximal region, adjoined dorsolaterally by regular series of crescentiform plates. Extensive papular area with up to five rows of papulae at ray base, along with irregular papular array at the top of rays; papulae large, predominantly single, occasionally two per papular space; plates with papulae often separated from the superomarginals by zero to two non-papulate plates. Secondary plates rather rare, present on proximal region. Interradial non-papulate area present as opposing triangular fields, near disc borders and at the interradial margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9DFFBDFBE6703FCFE9F8DC" box="[1112,1200,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov., A–E Holotype, MZB.Astr.00046: A. Abactinal surface (R = 12.05). B. Abactinal interradius, with upper and lower non-papulate regions (arrows). C. Lower lateral ray with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) D. Oral plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Conical abactinal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 3B and D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586402/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9DFFBDFF797002CF77F809" blockId="6.[151,1437,1525,2045]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
|
||
Robust abactinal spinelets are digitiform to thick conical, up to seven spinelets per plate, primarily 4–6 spinelets near disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9DFFBDFEB47065CA07F885" box="[266,350,1877,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov., A–E Holotype, MZB.Astr.00046: A. Abactinal surface (R = 12.05). B. Abactinal interradius, with upper and lower non-papulate regions (arrows). C. Lower lateral ray with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) D. Oral plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Conical abactinal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 3B and D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586402/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
), 2–3 towards distal region or near margins; spinelets arranged linearly at plate apex. Glassy convexities present on plates. Pedicellariae absent. Superomarginal plates circular, armed with up to 2 spinelets proximally. Boot-shaped inferomarginal plates with single distal protrusions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9DFFBDFC7870ACCF47F843" box="[966,1054,1948,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov., A–E Holotype, MZB.Astr.00046: A. Abactinal surface (R = 12.05). B. Abactinal interradius, with upper and lower non-papulate regions (arrows). C. Lower lateral ray with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) D. Oral plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Conical abactinal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 3B and D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586402/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), with clusters of up to five large, robust, conical spinelets; two or three inferomarginal spinelets are frequently equal or subequal in size, although clusters with one significantly larger spinelets are sometimes present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9DFFBDFC1670D2CF78F809" box="[936,1057,2018,2044]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov., A–E Holotype, MZB.Astr.00046: A. Abactinal surface (R = 12.05). B. Abactinal interradius, with upper and lower non-papulate regions (arrows). C. Lower lateral ray with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) D. Oral plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Conical abactinal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 3B and D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586402/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9CFFBCFF7977A9C85AFEB6" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
Actinal plates aligned obliquely, with up to two blunt conical spines per plate, predominantly one. Spines are sheathed with translucent tissue in live or intact animals. Digitiform furrow spines up to six, frequently three to four; subambulacral spines digitiform, up to two spines proximally. Adradial plates with single conical, blunt spines, not dissimilar from nearby actinal plates. Oral plates with five long, blunt digitiform spines; suboral spines up to two, with the proximal spine larger than the distal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9CFFBCFD227619C9AFFEB6" box="[668,758,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov., A–E Holotype, MZB.Astr.00046: A. Abactinal surface (R = 12.05). B. Abactinal interradius, with upper and lower non-papulate regions (arrows). C. Lower lateral ray with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) D. Oral plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Conical abactinal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 3B and D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586402/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9CFFBCFF79767DC835FE26" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
Superambulacral plates absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9CFFBCFD95767DC9D8FE92" box="[555,641,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal structures of Limnasterias gen. nov., A–B Limnasterias oinops holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Ray and abactinal surface removed to show absence of superambulacral plates (arrow) B. Appressed superactinal plate at distal edge of interradius (arrow) C. Limnasterias estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, abactinal surface and ray removed, showing interradial pillar (arrow) and absence of superambulacral plates D. L. estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00048, superactinal plate (arrow). Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Fig. 2C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586400/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with reduced, single series of superactinal plates at the intersection of abactinal and actinal body walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9CFFBCFDB37641C931FE7E" box="[525,616,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal structures of Limnasterias gen. nov., A–B Limnasterias oinops holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Ray and abactinal surface removed to show absence of superambulacral plates (arrow) B. Appressed superactinal plate at distal edge of interradius (arrow) C. Limnasterias estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, abactinal surface and ray removed, showing interradial pillar (arrow) and absence of superambulacral plates D. L. estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00048, superactinal plate (arrow). Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Fig. 2C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586400/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
); internal surface lined with resinous coating, with thickened distal edges of actinal plates. Interradial pillars are present. Sites of gonad attachment difficult to discern due to large gonadal mass crowding the small interior, and gonopores are not evident.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF236634FF9CFFBCFF2972EFCE49F9B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586404" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586404/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" startId="7.[151,250,1503,1528]" targetBox="[151,1435,489,1478]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9CFFBCFF2972EFCE49F9B5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1503,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFF2972EFCFB8FA0D" bold="true" box="[151,1249,1503,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
FIGURE 4. Live and
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFE3B72D0CA91FA0D" bold="true" box="[389,456,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
observations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFDC372D0C85FFA0D" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[637,774,1504,1528]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFDC372D0C85FFA0D" bold="true" box="[637,774,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Limnasterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9CFFBCFCB372D0C834FA0D" box="[781,877,1504,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFC2872D0CF32FA0D" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[918,1131,1504,1528]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFC2872D0CF32FA0D" bold="true" box="[918,1131,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Limnasterias oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZB.Astr.00042, live animal.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFEA77134CA69F9E9" bold="true" box="[281,304,1540,1564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Regurgitated remains of cannibalized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFD7C7135C87AF9E9" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[706,803,1541,1564]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFD7C7135C87AF9E9" box="[706,803,1541,1564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">L. oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with visible furrow spines (arrow).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFB227133CA15F9B5" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFB037134CB81F9B5" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFB037134CB81F9B5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Limnasterias estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
MZB.Astr.00047, live animal.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFD347118C9FAF9B5" bold="true" box="[650,675,1576,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFD177119C851F9B5" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[681,776,1577,1600]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFD177119C851F9B5" box="[681,776,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">L. oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on macroalgae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFC117118C89FF9B5" bold="true" box="[943,966,1576,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">E.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFC727119CF37F9B5" box="[972,1134,1576,1600]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFC727119CF37F9B5" box="[972,1134,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on macroalgae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9CFFBCFF79715ECF1EF959" blockId="7.[151,1436,1646,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
Color in life dark brown to dark gray abactinally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9CFFBCFD53715EC81AF97D" box="[749,835,1646,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Live and in situ observations of Limnasterias gen. nov. A. Limnasterias oinops, paratype, MZB.Astr.00042, live animal. B. Regurgitated remains of cannibalized L. oinops with visible furrow spines (arrow). C. Limnasterias estradivariae, paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, live animal. D. L. oinops on macroalgae. E. L. estradivariae on macroalgae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586404/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
), which may photograph bluish gray; madreporite and spinelets pale cream, with translucent white papulae; actinal surface beige to brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF9CFFBCFF797186C9A0F839" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9CFFBCFF797186CF03F925" blockId="7.[151,1436,1646,1997]" box="[199,1114,1718,1745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFF797186CA38F924" bold="true" box="[199,353,1718,1745]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Tanah Bamban Lake, on Maratua Island, at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF9CFFBCFC7E7186C8BDF925" box="[960,996,1718,1744]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
or deeper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9CFFBCFF7971EAC9B2F8ED" blockId="7.[151,1436,1646,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFF7971EACA73F900" bold="true" box="[199,298,1754,1781]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
On sediment and among thalli of fleshy macroalgae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9CFFBCFC3971EAC8B9F901" box="[903,992,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Live and in situ observations of Limnasterias gen. nov. A. Limnasterias oinops, paratype, MZB.Astr.00042, live animal. B. Regurgitated remains of cannibalized L. oinops with visible furrow spines (arrow). C. Limnasterias estradivariae, paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, live animal. D. L. oinops on macroalgae. E. L. estradivariae on macroalgae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586404/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFC4D71EBCE7BF901" box="[1011,1314,1754,1780]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFC4D71EBCE7BF901" box="[1011,1314,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Limnasterias estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be largely restricted to depth of one meter or beyond.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9CFFBCFF797013C9A0F839" blockId="7.[151,1436,1646,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFF797013CAE2F8C9" bold="true" box="[199,443,1825,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFF797013CA4DF8C9" bold="true" box="[199,276,1826,1853]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
observations.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The depth restriction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFD697013C8D2F8C9" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[727,907,1826,1852]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFD697013C8D2F8C9" box="[727,907,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFC2A7013C8B6F8C8" bold="true" box="[916,1007,1827,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9CFFBCFC2A7013C8B6F8C8" box="[916,1007,1827,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
contrasts with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFB207013CE51F8C9" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[1182,1288,1827,1852]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFB207013CE51F8C9" box="[1182,1288,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">L. oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFAAE7013CE32F8C8" bold="true" box="[1296,1387,1827,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9CFFBCFAAE7013CE32F8C8" box="[1296,1387,1827,1853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the latter of which are often found in very shallow microhabitats. Unlike Haji Buang Lake, Tanah Bamban Lake has markedly scarce sponges and macroalgae at intertidal depths. The shallow areas are instead covered by turf algae, mussels and cidaroid urchins
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFE5270BEC9D5F85D" box="[492,652,1934,1960]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Phyllacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFE5270BEC9D5F85D" box="[492,652,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">Phyllacanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. The fleshy macroalgae with which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9CFFBCFBEB70BFCE53F85D" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[1109,1290,1934,1960]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFBEB70BFCE53F85D" box="[1109,1290,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9CFFBCFAAD70BFCE36F85C" bold="true" box="[1299,1391,1935,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9CFFBCFAAD70BFCE36F85C" box="[1299,1391,1935,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
appeared to co-occur are also rare from intertidal depths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF93FFB3FF7977A9C873FF22" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF93FFB3FF7977A9C873FF22" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FF7977A9CA17FF46" bold="true" box="[199,334,153,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after colleague Estradivari, who brought
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FCC877A9CF03FF47" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[886,1114,153,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FCC877A9CF03FF47" box="[886,1114,153,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Limnasterias oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to author’s attention in 2010 and encouraged the author to begin its description in 2017.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF93FFB3FF7977D1C9CCF8F2" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF93FFB3FF7977D1C8A8FE7E" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FF7977D1CA62FF0E" bold="true" box="[199,315,225,251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Preliminary data suggest that collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FCB477D1CF63FF0F" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[778,1082,224,250]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FCB477D1CF63FF0F" box="[778,1082,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Limnasterias estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals are similarly sized thus far (mean R ± SD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF93FFB3FE0B7635C943FEEA" box="[437,538,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="10.7">10.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF93FFB3FD867635C9C9FEEA" box="[568,656,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 13 ind.). It is unclear if this reflects smaller cohorts, ontogenetic habitat segregation, size-selective predation or other factors. This contrasts with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FBA47619CFDBFEB7" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[1050,1154,297,322]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FBA47619CFDBFEB7" box="[1050,1154,297,322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">L. oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, wherein large adults cooccur with smaller individuals in the same habitat (mean R ± SD =
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF93FFB3FC2F767CC8ACFE92" box="[913,1013,332,359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF93FFB3FBAD767CCF35FE92" box="[1043,1132,332,359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 17 individuals). Other characters distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FE0B7641C947FE7F" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[437,542,369,394]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FE0B7641C947FE7F" box="[437,542,369,394]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">L. oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FDEA7641C85EFE7F" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[596,775,368,394]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FDEA7641C85EFE7F" box="[596,775,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE0307FF93FFB3FC297640C8B4FE7E" box="[919,1005,368,395]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,244,368,395]" captionTargetBox="[163,1407,446,840]" captionText="TABLE 2. Distinguishing characters between Limnasterias oinops sp. nov. and Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF236634FF9FFFBFFF297640CB91FE5A" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" tableUuid="DF236634FF9FFFBFFF297640CB91FE5A">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF93FFB3FF7976A4CBB9FD5E" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FF7976A4CA15FE5A" bold="true" box="[199,332,404,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This description of asterinids from two marine lakes in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B762CFF93FFB3FC7A76A4CF68FE5B" box="[964,1073,404,430]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
relies on morphological characters, and may be further supported by future molecular studies. Some shared characters suggest possible affinities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FF6C76EDCAA9FE02" authority="Perrier, 1875" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[210,496,476,503]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FF6C76EDCA0CFE03" box="[210,341,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
Perrier, 1875
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FD9476ECC821FE02" authority="Livingstone, 1933" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityYear="1933" box="[554,888,476,503]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FD9476ECC9C6FE03" box="[554,671,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Tegulaster</emphasis>
|
||
Livingstone, 1933
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including stellate form, integument cover, relatively sparse conical to sacciform spinelets at the abactinal, monacanthid actinal plate and median band of irregular abactinal plates. Representative molecular analyses on
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FCAB7515CF65FDCB" box="[789,1084,549,574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FCAB7515C8F3FDCB" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[789,938,549,574]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Limnasterias</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FC077515CF65FDCB" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[953,1084,549,574]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Disasterina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FBC47514CFB6FDCB" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityYear="1933" box="[1146,1263,548,574]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FBC47514CFB6FDCB" box="[1146,1263,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Tegulaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also help clarify the phylogenetic positions of
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FD817578C9E4FD97" box="[575,701,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Tegulaster-</emphasis>
|
||
like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FD4E7579C82AFD97" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[752,883,585,610]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FD4E7579C82AFD97" box="[752,883,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FBEF7579CEC5FD96" authority="Doderlein 1888" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1888" box="[1105,1436,584,611]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ceylanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FBEF7579CFB8FD97" box="[1105,1249,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">D. ceylanica</emphasis>
|
||
Doderlein 1888
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FF21755CCA03FD72" author="Saba, M. & Iwao, K. & Fujita, T." box="[159,346,620,647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="21 - 28" refId="ref7191" refString="Saba, M., Iwao, K. & Fujita, T. (2012) A new asterinid sea star, Disasterina akajimaensis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with notes on the genus Disasterina. Species Diversity, 17, 21 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / sd. 17.1.021" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B762CFF93FFB3FF21755CCB8EFD73" box="[159,215,620,646]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FF61755DCA41FD73" box="[223,280,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Presently, there are no molecular data available for any of these genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FB18755CCB8DFD5E" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters, J. M." pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref7052" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters, J. M. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61, 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">O’Loughlin & Waters 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF93FFB3FF797584CE37FC3E" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
The Haji Buang and Tanah Bamban Lakes are marine lakes with salinity range of 26 to 28.5‰ and 26‰ respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FF5A75E8CADFFD06" author="Becking, L. E." box="[228,390,728,755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" refId="ref5830" refString="Becking, L. E. (2012) Marine Lakes of Indonesia. Doctoral thesis, Leiden University, Leiden, 199 pp." type="book" year="2012">Becking 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FE2975E9C970FD07" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[407,553,729,754]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FE2975E9C970FD07" box="[407,553,729,754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Limnasterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is perhaps the only known asteroid genus endemic to perpetually brackish habitats. Tolerance towards periodic hyposalinity was noted for asterinid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FC2575CCCF2AFCE3" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[923,1139,764,790]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="regularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FC2575CCCF2AFCE3" box="[923,1139,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Patiriella regularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B762CFF93FFB3FB0975CDCE14FCE3" box="[1207,1357,764,791]" name="New Zealand" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
fjords, which tolerates deionized water (0‰) for up to four days (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FC9A7410CF75FCCE" author="Barker, M. F. & Russell, M. P." box="[804,1068,800,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="76 - 84" refId="ref5763" refString="Barker, M. F. & Russell, M. P. (2008) The distribution and behaviour of Patiriella mortenseni and P. regularis in the extreme hyposaline conditions of the Southern New Zealand Fiords. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 355, 76 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2007.12.001" type="journal article" year="2008">Barker & Russell 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A few other asteroids including
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FF297475CA1FFCAB" box="[151,326,836,863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Asterias rubens</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FEC37474C96DFCAB" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[381,564,836,862]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FEC37474C96DFCAB" box="[381,564,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Luidia clathrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are at times found in fluctuating estuarine or hyposaline habitats with salinity range of 8–27‰ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FEE47458C912FC76" author="Stickle, W. B. & Diehl, W. J." box="[346,587,872,899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="235 - 285" refId="ref7256" refString="Stickle, W. B. & Diehl, W. J. (1987) Effects of salinity on echinoderms. In: M. Jangoux and J. M. Lawrence (Eds), Echinoderm Studies. Vol. 2. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 235 - 285." type="book chapter" year="1987">Stickle & Diehl 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The extent of hyposalinity tolerance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FBAE7459CFAAFC77" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[1040,1267,873,898]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FBAE7459CFAAFC77" box="[1040,1267,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Limnasterias oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FB477459CE08FC76" bold="true" box="[1273,1361,873,899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF93FFB3FB477459CE08FC76" box="[1273,1361,873,899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FA387459CA75FC53" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FA387459CA75FC53" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FE8A74BDCAD4FC52" bold="true" box="[308,397,909,935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF93FFB3FE8A74BDCAD4FC52" box="[308,397,909,935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is not yet known; however, preliminary observation implies that individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FAB474BDCBBBFC3F" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FAB474BDCBBBFC3F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Limnasterias oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FF577481CA1BFC3E" bold="true" box="[233,322,945,971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF93FFB3FF577481CA1BFC3E" box="[233,322,945,971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are unharmed by temporary freshwater lens that forms in the upper layer after rain (pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF93FFB3FF7974E4C972FB33" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
The Haji Buang Lake is currently threatened by encroaching developments in tourism infrastructure. An airport is located
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF93FFB3FEB974C8CA14FBE6" box="[263,333,1016,1043]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
away from the lake and a number of hotels and resorts are currently under construction. Household activities and structures such as washing, lavatories and concrete buildings are likely to pollute the lake through leaching, given the porosity of the lake’s karstic boundaries and their subsurface connections (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FB067371CECEFBAE" author="Dawson, M. N. & Martin, L. & Bell, L. & Patris, S." box="[1208,1431,1088,1115]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="603 - 606" refId="ref6270" refString="Dawson, M. N., Martin, L., Bell, L. & Patris, S. (2009) Marine Lakes. In: Gillespie, R. & Clague, D. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islands. University of California Press, Los Angeles, pp. 603 - 606." type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Dawson
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FAA37371CE0FFBAF" box="[1309,1366,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Marrack
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FF437355CA6FFB8B" box="[253,310,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015). In comparison, Tanah Bamban Lake is less subject to anthropogenic pressures due to its distance from human habitations. It is plausible that increasing severity of present impacts may drive future declines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FF29739DCA70FB33" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,297,1197,1222]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FF29739DCA70FB33" box="[151,297,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Limnasterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FE8E739DCAC3FB32" bold="true" box="[304,410,1197,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF93FFB3FE8E739DCAC3FB32" box="[304,410,1197,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF93FFB3FF7973E0CAB8F9DB" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
Although populations of both species currently appear to be abundant, the likely endemicity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FAB673E1CE2AFB1F" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[1288,1395,1233,1258]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FAB673E1CE2AFB1F" box="[1288,1395,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">L. oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FAC573E1CB91FAFA" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF93FFB3FAC573E1CB91FAFA" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FEBD73C5CAEEFAFB" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[259,439,1268,1294]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FEBD73C5CAEEFAFB" box="[259,439,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FE7F73C5C945FAFA" bold="true" box="[449,540,1269,1295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF93FFB3FE7F73C5C945FAFA" box="[449,540,1269,1295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to their respective lakes further heightens their vulnerability to extinction due to their restricted distribution. The likely recent extinction of Derwent River sea star,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FBE27228CB80FAA2" authority="(Dartnall 1970)" authorityName="Dartnall" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Dartnall" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Patiriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="littoralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FBE27228CE76FAC7" box="[1116,1327,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Patiriella littoralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Dartnall 1970)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and increasing rarity of other geographically isolated asterinids e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FC45720CCA1BFA8E" authority="(Keough & Dartnall, 1978)" authorityName="Keough & Dartnall" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Keough & Dartnall" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Parvulastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parvivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FC45720CCE56FAA3" box="[1019,1295,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Parvulastra parvivipara</emphasis>
|
||
(Keough & Dartnall, 1978)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to habitat degradation, isolation and possible competition against introduced species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FA927250CA67FA6A" author="Liversage, K. & Byrne, M." pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="29766" refId="ref6428" refString="Liversage, K. & Byrne, M. (2018) A note on life-history traits and conservation concerns for viviparous Australian seastars (Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara). Research Ideas and Outcomes, 4, e 29766. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / rio. 4. e 29766" type="journal article" year="2018">Liversage & Byrne 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FEF272B5C97FFA6A" author="O'Hara, T. D. & Mah, C. L. & Hipsley, C. A. & Bribiesca-Contreras, G. & Barrett, N. S." box="[332,550,1412,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="483 - 490" refId="ref6927" refString="O'Hara, T. D., Mah, C. L., Hipsley, C. A., Bribiesca-Contreras, G. & Barrett, N. S. (2019) The Derwent River seastar: re-evalua- tion of a critically endangered marine invertebrate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 186, 483 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zly 057" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
O’Hara
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FE1772B5CABAFA6B" box="[425,483,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) highlight the threats these new species might be facing. Further exploitation by trade is also a potential threat unless protection is implemented, as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B762CFF93FFB3FC027298CF70FA37" box="[956,1065,1448,1474]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
plays a major role in the supply network of ornamental marine invertebrates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FD2572FCC826FA12" author="Wabnitz, C. & Taylor, M. & Green, E. & Razak, T." box="[667,895,1484,1511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" refId="ref7360" refString="Wabnitz, C., Taylor, M., Green, E. & Razak, T. (2003) From Ocean to Aquarium: The global trade in marine ornamental species. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, 64 pp." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Wabnitz
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FCBE72FDC863FA13" box="[768,826,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FC6472FDCF99FA13" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[986,1216,1485,1510]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FC6472FDCF99FA13" box="[986,1216,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">Limnasterias oinops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FB7672FDCE7AFA12" bold="true" box="[1224,1315,1485,1511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF93FFB3FB7672FDCE7AFA12" box="[1224,1315,1485,1511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF93FFB3FAE272FDCA4CF9FF" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FAE272FDCA4CF9FF" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FEA272C1CA2CF9FE" bold="true" box="[284,373,1521,1547]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF93FFB3FEA272C1CA2CF9FE" box="[284,373,1521,1547]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
will benefit from an ecological and population assessment, together with protection at regional and greater scales if possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF93FFB3FF797108C9CCF8F2" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">
|
||
Further studies on marine lake asteroids will elucidate their diversity and ecology in these little-explored ecosystems. Marine lakes provide unique conditions and insularity conducive for speciation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FB2C716DCE6DF983" author="Dawson, M. N." box="[1170,1332,1628,1655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="831 - 846" refId="ref6180" refString="Dawson, M. N. (2016) Island and island-like marine environments. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25, 831 - 846. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / geb. 12314" type="journal article" year="2016">Dawson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FAFE716DCA0AF96E" author="Dawson, M. N. & Hamner, W. M." pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="9235 - 9240" refId="ref6218" refString="Dawson, M. N. & Hamner, W. M. (2005) Rapid evolutionary radiation of marine zooplankton in peripheral environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 9235 - 9240. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0503635102" type="journal article" year="2005">Dawson & Hamner 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Future discoveries of new forms of lake asterinids are anticipated, considering the emergence of marine lakes after the last glacial maximum around 18,000 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FC217195CF25F94A" author="Dawson, M. N. & Martin, L. & Bell, L. & Patris, S." box="[927,1148,1700,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="603 - 606" refId="ref6270" refString="Dawson, M. N., Martin, L., Bell, L. & Patris, S. (2009) Marine Lakes. In: Gillespie, R. & Clague, D. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islands. University of California Press, Los Angeles, pp. 603 - 606." type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Dawson
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FBBD7195CF63F94B" box="[1027,1082,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), coupled by the ability of some asterinid taxa to colonize marginal habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FD7671F8C896F916" author="Barker, M. F. & Russell, M. P." box="[712,975,1736,1763]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="76 - 84" refId="ref5763" refString="Barker, M. F. & Russell, M. P. (2008) The distribution and behaviour of Patiriella mortenseni and P. regularis in the extreme hyposaline conditions of the Southern New Zealand Fiords. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 355, 76 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jembe. 2007.12.001" type="journal article" year="2008">Barker & Russell 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FC6571F9CF8AF916" author="Byrne, M. & Walker, S. J." box="[987,1235,1736,1763]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="209 - 218" refId="ref6002" refString="Byrne, M. & Walker, S. J. (2007) Distribution and reproduction of intertidal species of Aquilonastra and Cryptasterina (Asterinidae) from One Tree Reef, southern Great Barrier Reef. Bulletin of Marine Science, 81, 209 - 218." type="journal article" year="2007">Byrne & Walker 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and evolve more rapidly than the timespan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B4DFF93FFB3FE7C71DCC9D0F8F2" author="Puritz, J. B. & Keever, C. C. & Addison, J. A. & Byrne, M. & Hart, M. W. & Grosberg, R. K. & Toonen, R. J." box="[450,649,1772,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="400" pagination="3914 - 3922" refId="ref7108" refString="Puritz, J. B., Keever, C. C., Addison, J. A., Byrne, M., Hart, M. W., Grosberg, R. K. & Toonen, R. J. (2012) Extraordinarily rapid life-history divergence between Cryptasterina sea star species. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 279, 3914 - 3922. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2012.1343" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Puritz
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF93FFB3FDB371DDC91FF8F3" box="[525,582,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="400">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |