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<document id="F4F80A700A53EF0C45473023F4EC21C7" ID-CLB-Dataset="24574" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4712.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0ed2a63-31e5-4aa5-a359-4a924c96825b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586396" ID-ZooBank="97EA65A8-C055-4B4A-A07C-4AC09323FB4C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1576823127061" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Setiadi, Anargha" docDate="2019" docId="03F587AAFF99FFBEFF2971F9C9EDFE27" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4712.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4712 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Limnasterias oinops Setiadi 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0B909852-926C-4B55-9533-42941FB6564E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="397" masterDocId="FFCCFFD2FF9BFFBBFFBE7730CB59FFF5" masterDocTitle="A new genus and two new species of sea stars (Family Asterinidae) from Indonesian marine lakes, with notes on habitat and feeding ecology" masterLastPageNumber="402" masterPageNumber="392" pageNumber="394" updateTime="1698774940743" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="DD5ECACE2777B7901EE4827A8C4E3E02" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="38A5876100D08C676718E6A290BCC316">
<mods:title id="A72B8DA8DED8D52A860D0D17F4CED83B">A new genus and two new species of sea stars (Family Asterinidae) from Indonesian marine lakes, with notes on habitat and feeding ecology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2571E46E8EEB740377AD354BF6B8EED5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="027701CAE3BF6EC896BF3DBF9C2D9217">
<mods:roleTerm id="D145B6BCA35E8D3927C3277B91958155">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1A95304F517ED3D0884AABFB850D7647">Setiadi, Anargha</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="58AC37517ED2677DD48A4DE2466347CC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="80355901DB4D2D8FDB46971BFF6B5C64">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="50323EB3457C4E712460F47A6D98C79E">
<mods:date id="685B5B7D38CC3206411C3EDF68ADD14C">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B4B14E9693B6A2CD0BFA2C9CEAD08AC9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1A9B17662AEF590A0313CA5D8BEE2E67">2019-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D818BE5F0E9641D923A796808E803653" type="volume">
<mods:number id="484989441C938BE79FB11017832E05B8">4712</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7BFA2E7D415494ACEBB3945D8D26CB3C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="8DFB9B3F035E8B537046497C002C6207">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9930CC065545659FD03277AA0D5F950E">392</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="454B9C7BB78E1B50DCB6B7312B933659">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="377556B57F447D4FB286F09724A8EAD1" type="CLB-Dataset">24574</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2CE0FD20AC43D3121A694BD76145C3B6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4712.3.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C3F72E46667448F20092EB5BB342BFC9" type="GBIF-Dataset">d0ed2a63-31e5-4aa5-a359-4a924c96825b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C5C344AC3173E1B8D2F6D6910B19459" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D54671E2F86244913E1C34E1AC6EA538" type="Zenodo-Dep">3586396</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="92F3F61812C50DEA0FD51E88A98E0F9C" type="ZooBank">97EA65A8-C055-4B4A-A07C-4AC09323FB4C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F587AAFF99FFBEFF2971F9C9EDFE27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628539" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160797289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628539" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B909852-926C-4B55-9533-42941FB6564E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587AAFF99FFBEFF2971F9C9EDFE27" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF99FFB9FF2971F9CAA8F911" box="[151,497,1737,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF99FFB9FF2971F9CAA8F911" blockId="2.[151,503,1737,1800]" box="[151,497,1737,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<heading id="D0AB81D0FF99FFB9FF2971F9CAA8F911" bold="true" box="[151,497,1737,1764]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF99FFB9FF2971F9CAA8F911" bold="true" box="[151,497,1737,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF99FFB9FF2971F9CAD4F916" ID-CoL="849RF" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,397,1737,1763]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF99FFB9FF2971F9CAD4F916" bold="true" box="[151,397,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Limnasterias oinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF99FFB9FE2A71FACAA8F911" box="[404,497,1738,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF99FFB9FF2971DDCAAEF8FD" box="[151,503,1773,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF99FFB9FF2971DDCAAEF8FD" blockId="2.[151,503,1737,1800]" box="[151,503,1773,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
(
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF99FFB9FF1E71DDCB84F8F2" box="[160,221,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnasterias oinops sp. nov., A-C Holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6). B. Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base. C. Actinal surface. D. Paratype, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates. E-F Paratype, MZB.Astr.00043: E. Sacciform abactinal spinelets. F. Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Fig.1</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF99FFB9FF5471DDCA3BF8FD" box="[234,354,1773,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal structures of Limnasterias gen. nov., A–B Limnasterias oinops holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Ray and abactinal surface removed to show absence of superambulacral plates (arrow) B. Appressed superactinal plate at distal edge of interradius (arrow) C. Limnasterias estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, abactinal surface and ray removed, showing interradial pillar (arrow) and absence of superambulacral plates D. L. estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00048, superactinal plate (arrow). Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Fig. 2C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF99FFB9FED171DDCAB3F8FD" box="[367,490,1773,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Live and in situ observations of Limnasterias gen. nov. A. Limnasterias oinops, paratype, MZB.Astr.00042, live animal. B. Regurgitated remains of cannibalized L. oinops with visible furrow spines (arrow). C. Limnasterias estradivariae, paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, live animal. D. L. oinops on macroalgae. E. L. estradivariae on macroalgae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586404/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Fig. 4A, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF99FFB9FF297006CABAF82A" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF99FFB9FF297006CED6F8BA" blockId="2.[151,1436,1845,2015]" box="[151,1423,1845,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<materialsCitation id="3B343CE1FF99FFB9FF297006CED2F8BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2521262597" box="[151,1419,1845,1872]" county="Derawan Archipelago" elevation="5" location="Haji Buang Lake" municipality="Maratua Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF99FFB9FF297006CA6FF8A5" bold="true" box="[151,310,1845,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<typeStatus id="54E7881EFF99FFB9FF297006CB8BF8A5" box="[151,210,1846,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8E836067FF99FFB9FE827005CAA6F8BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F587AAFF99FFBEFF2971F9C9EDFE27:8E836067FF99FFB9FE827005CAA6F8BA" box="[316,511,1845,1872]" county="Derawan Archipelago" municipality="Maratua Island" name="Haji Buang Lake" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Haji Buang Lake</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87ACC6FF99FFB9FDB47006C9ECF8BA" box="[522,693,1845,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Maratua Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62824E30FF99FFB9FD7E7006C8E1F8BA" box="[704,952,1845,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Derawan Archipelago</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF99FFB9FC7D7005CF51F8A5" box="[963,1032,1845,1872]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation id="0071D18FFF99FFB9FC7D7005CF51F8A5" box="[963,1032,1845,1872]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0-1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, on mud, sponges and green algae
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF99FFB9FF797069CABAF82A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1845,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF99FFB9FF797069CAEAF881" bold="true" box="[199,435,1881,1908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B343CE1FF99FFB9FE027069CABAF82A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2521262595" collectingDate="2017-12-15" collectingDateMax="2019-02-20" collectingDateMin="2017-12-15" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Astr. &amp; D. Kusuma &amp; A. Setiadi" elevation="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" specimenCount="11" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E7881EFF99FFB9FE027069C971F886" box="[444,552,1881,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE79FF99FFB9FD8B7069C92AF886" box="[565,627,1881,1907]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF99FFB9FDC87069C9F4F886" box="[630,685,1881,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Astr.</collectorName>
00040,
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF99FFB9FCBA706AC8D0F881" box="[772,905,1882,1908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">D. Kusuma</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFE2107CFF99FFB9FC287069CF3CF886" box="[918,1125,1881,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" value="2019-02-20">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E994FF99FFB9FC287069CF3CF886" box="[918,1125,1881,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" value="2019-02-20">20 February 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, in ethanol,
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF99FFB9FB4A7069CE65F881" box="[1268,1340,1881,1908]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation id="0071D18FFF99FFB9FB4A7069CE65F881" box="[1268,1340,1881,1908]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" unit="m" value="0.5" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.0">0-1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD35FF99FFB9FAF47069CB8CF86D" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="generic" typeStatus="Paratypes">4 Paratypes</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE79FF99FFB9FF5C704DCA79F862" box="[226,288,1917,1943]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF99FFB9FE9A704DCA02F862" box="[292,347,1917,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Astr.</collectorName>
00041 (Type locality),
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF99FFB9FDE1704EC98DF862" box="[607,724,1917,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">A. Setiadi</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFE2107CFF99FFB9FD5E704DC8E5F862" box="[736,956,1917,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" value="2017-12-15">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E994FF99FFB9FD5E704DC8E5F862" box="[736,956,1917,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" value="2017-12-15">15 December 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, in ethanol;
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD35FF99FFB9FBF4704DCF89F86D" box="[1098,1232,1917,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="generic" typeStatus="Paratypes">3 Paratypes</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE79FF99FFB9FB63704DCE42F862" box="[1245,1307,1917,1943]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF99FFB9FAA0704DCE0DF862" box="[1310,1364,1917,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Astr.</collectorName>
00042 (Type locality),
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF99FFB9FEF67092CAE2F84E" box="[328,443,1953,1980]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">A. Setiadi</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFE2107CFF99FFB9FE787091C9DCF84E" box="[454,645,1953,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" value="2018-10-30">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E994FF99FFB9FE787091C9DCF84E" box="[454,645,1953,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" value="2018-10-30">30 October 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, in ethanol;
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD35FF99FFB9FCB37091C8CBF849" box="[781,914,1953,1980]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="generic" typeStatus="Paratypes">4 Paratypes</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE79FF99FFB9FC237091C882F84E" box="[925,987,1953,1979]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF99FFB9FC607091CF4CF84E" box="[990,1045,1953,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Astr.</collectorName>
00043 (Type locality),
<collectorName id="26A9536AFF99FFB9FAA87092CEC1F849" box="[1302,1432,1954,1980]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">D. Kusuma</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFE2107CFF99FFB9FF2970F5CA38F82A" box="[151,353,1989,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" value="2019-02-20">
<collectingDate id="EFA6E994FF99FFB9FF2970F5CA38F82A" box="[151,353,1989,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" value="2019-02-20">20 February 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, in ethanol.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF236634FF98FFB8FF297240C8B3F9ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" startId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" targetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF98FFB8FF297240C8B3F9ED" blockId="3.[151,1437,1392,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FF297240C9B9FA7C" bold="true" box="[151,736,1392,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
FIGURE 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF98FFB8FEA67240CAB2FA7D" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[280,491,1392,1416]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FEA67240CAB2FA7D" bold="true" box="[280,491,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Limnasterias oinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF98FFB8FE4E7241C91BFA7C" box="[496,578,1393,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, A-C Holotype
</emphasis>
, MZB.Astr.00040:
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FC1B7240C8E4FA7C" bold="true" box="[933,957,1392,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">A.</emphasis>
Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6).
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FA8A7241CE12FA7C" bold="true" box="[1332,1355,1393,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">B.</emphasis>
Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base.
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FA8A72A4CE14FA58" bold="true" box="[1332,1357,1428,1453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">C.</emphasis>
Actinal surface.
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FF527289CA34FA24" bold="true" box="[236,365,1465,1489]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">D. Paratype</emphasis>
, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates.
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FE8172EDCA89FA00" bold="true" box="[319,464,1501,1525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">E-F Paratype</emphasis>
, MZB.Astr.00043:
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FD2672EDC9F7FA00" bold="true" box="[664,686,1501,1525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">E.</emphasis>
Sacciform abactinal spinelets.
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FC5572EDC8A7FA00" bold="true" box="[1003,1022,1501,1525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">F.</emphasis>
Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF98FFBFFF797176CA81FEB6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF98FFB8FF797176C9F5F874" blockId="3.[151,1437,1606,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FF797176CA1BF994" bold="true" box="[199,322,1606,1633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Non-fissiparous, medium-sized asterinid with R up to
<quantity id="4CA49B59FF98FFB8FC1A7177CF52F994" box="[932,1035,1607,1633]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" unit="mm" value="27.4">27.4 mm</quantity>
. Form five-rayed stellate, rays long, basally narrow with acute tips, R:r 2.6–3.3; body and rays high, semicircular in cross-section; integument thick, obscuring plates; abactinal plates thin, flat; single papulae large, protruding, numerous; spinelets sacciform, glassy and readily lost; up to 4 spinelets per proximal plate but predominantly 1-2 spinelets; superomarginal plates circular; each inferomarginal plate armed with predominantly one large, conical spinelet surrounded by up to 5 smaller spinelets at the base; oral spines straight, occasionally with spatulate tips (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF98FFB8FC6C71CBCF71F8E0" box="[978,1064,1787,1813]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnasterias oinops sp. nov., A-C Holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6). B. Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base. C. Actinal surface. D. Paratype, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates. E-F Paratype, MZB.Astr.00043: E. Sacciform abactinal spinelets. F. Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
); subambulacral spines predominantly singular and up to two spines, taller than furrow spines. Color in life dark indigo to black abactinally, which may appear navy to cobalt blue underwater or in photographs; prominent papulae translucent white, with yellowish spinelets; grayish beige to olive green actinally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF98FFBFFF7970BACA81FEB6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1606,2029]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,153,323]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FF7970BACA8DF850" bold="true" box="[199,468,1930,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
In general,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF98FFB8FDDC70BCC994F850" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[610,717,1932,1957]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FDDC70BCC994F850" box="[610,717,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">L. oinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FD6870BBC86BF850" bold="true" box="[726,818,1931,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF98FFB8FD6870BBC86BF850" box="[726,818,1931,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
possesses fewer and finer abactinal armature, thinner plates, greater maximum body size and higher R:
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF98FFB8FD7E709FC85CF83C" box="[704,773,1967,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ratio">r ratio</taxonomicName>
compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF98FFB8FC1E7080CF0AF83C" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[928,1107,1967,1993]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FC1E7080CF0AF83C" box="[928,1107,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FBE5709FCFECF83C" bold="true" box="[1115,1205,1967,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF98FFB8FBE5709FCFECF83C" box="[1115,1205,1967,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="C6DE0307FF98FFB8FB7A709FCE45F83C" box="[1220,1308,1967,1993]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,244,368,395]" captionTargetBox="[163,1407,446,840]" captionText="TABLE 2. Distinguishing characters between Limnasterias oinops sp. nov. and Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF236634FF9FFFBFFF297640CB91FE5A" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" tableUuid="DF236634FF9FFFBFFF297640CB91FE5A">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Abactinal spinelets are sacciform with slender, tapering tips in
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF98FFB8FD5970E4C809F818" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[743,848,2004,2029]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FD5970E4C809F818" box="[743,848,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">L. oinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF98FFB8FCE970E3C8E9F818" bold="true" box="[855,944,2003,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF98FFB8FCE970E3C8E9F818" box="[855,944,2003,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, predominantly in singlets or couplets (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF98FFBFFAD170E3CBE1FF46" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnasterias oinops sp. nov., A-C Holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6). B. Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base. C. Actinal surface. D. Paratype, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates. E-F Paratype, MZB.Astr.00043: E. Sacciform abactinal spinelets. F. Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
), and thick conical to digitiform in
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9FFFBFFDFB77AAC9AEFF46" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[581,759,153,179]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFDFB77AAC9AEFF46" box="[581,759,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFD4177A9C801FF46" bold="true" box="[767,856,153,179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9FFFBFFD4177A9C801FF46" box="[767,856,153,179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, frequently four to six near disc or ray median (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFAD177A9CBE1FF22" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov., A–E Holotype, MZB.Astr.00046: A. Abactinal surface (R = 12.05). B. Abactinal interradius, with upper and lower non-papulate regions (arrows). C. Lower lateral ray with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) D. Oral plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Conical abactinal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 3B and D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Inferomarginal spinelets of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9FFFBFFDB9778EC928FF22" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[519,625,190,215]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFDB9778EC928FF22" box="[519,625,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">L. oinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFDC7778DC98AFF22" bold="true" box="[633,723,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9FFFBFFDC7778DC98AFF22" box="[633,723,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are often composed of one tall, thicker spinelet surrounded by smaller, shorter spinelets, less than half to three-quarters the length of the large spinelet (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFB3677D1CF84FF0E" box="[1160,1245,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnasterias oinops sp. nov., A-C Holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6). B. Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base. C. Actinal surface. D. Paratype, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates. E-F Paratype, MZB.Astr.00043: E. Sacciform abactinal spinelets. F. Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). In comparison, frequently two or three inferomarginal spinelets of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9FFFBFFD6A7636C8DEFEEA" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[724,903,261,287]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFD6A7636C8DEFEEA" box="[724,903,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">L. estradivariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFC307635C8B1FEEA" bold="true" box="[910,1000,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9FFFBFFC307635C8B1FEEA" box="[910,1000,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are equal or subequal in length, robust conical in form (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFEEC7619CA92FEB6" box="[338,459,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1350,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,157,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Limnasterias estradivariae sp. nov., A–E Holotype, MZB.Astr.00046: A. Abactinal surface (R = 12.05). B. Abactinal interradius, with upper and lower non-papulate regions (arrows). C. Lower lateral ray with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) D. Oral plates. E. Actinal surface. F. Conical abactinal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 3B and D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF236634FF9FFFBFFF297640CB91FE5A" ID-Table-UUID="DF236634FF9FFFBFFF297640CB91FE5A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF236634FF9FFFBFFF297640CB91FE5A" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" startId="4.[151,244,368,395]" targetBox="[163,1407,446,840]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9FFFBFFF297640CEC5FE7E" blockId="4.[151,1436,368,431]" box="[151,1436,368,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFF297640CA4DFE7E" bold="true" box="[151,276,368,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Distinguishing characters between
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9FFFBFFD0F7642C8C0FE7E" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[689,921,370,395]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFD0F7642C8C0FE7E" box="[689,921,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Limnasterias oinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFC1D7641CF58FE7E" bold="true" box="[931,1025,369,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9FFFBFFC1D7641CF58FE7E" box="[931,1025,369,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9FFFBFFB807642CEC5FE7E" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[1086,1436,369,395]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae" status="sp.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFB807642CE29FE7E" box="[1086,1392,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Limnasterias estradivariae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFAC57641CEC5FE7E" bold="true" box="[1403,1436,369,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9FFFBFFF2976A5CB91FE5A" blockId="4.[151,1436,368,431]" box="[151,200,405,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFF2976A5CB91FE5A" bold="true" box="[151,200,405,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9FFFBFFF1D768ECF12FCBD" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<table id="F95CC41CFF9F0044FF1D768ECE26FCBD" box="[163,1407,446,840]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<tr id="356C34FEFF9F0044FF1D768ECE26FE22" box="[163,1407,446,471]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FF1D768EC958FE22" box="[163,513,446,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFF1D768ECAE3FE22" bold="true" box="[163,442,446,471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Morphological characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FD96768EC88BFE22" box="[552,978,446,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9FFFBFFD96768EC9A5FE23" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[552,764,446,470]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFD96768EC9A5FE23" bold="true" box="[552,764,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Limnasterias oinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FC4C768ECE26FE22" box="[1010,1407,446,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9FFFBFFC4C768ECE51FE22" box="[1010,1288,446,471]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="estradivariae">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFC4C768ECE51FE22" bold="true" box="[1010,1288,446,471]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Limnasterias estradivariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34FEFF9F0044FF1D76D6CE26FE0A" box="[163,1407,486,511]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FF1D76D6C958FE0A" box="[163,513,486,511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Maximum R length</th>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FD9676D6C88BFE0A" box="[552,978,486,511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">27.4 mm</td>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FC4C76D6CE26FE0A" box="[1010,1407,486,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">12.35 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34FEFF9F0044FF1D753ECE26FDD2" box="[163,1407,526,551]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FF1D753EC958FDD2" box="[163,513,526,551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
R:
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9FFFBFFF07753FCBAEFDD2" box="[185,247,526,551]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ratio">r ratio</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FD96753EC88BFDD2" box="[552,978,526,551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">2.6–3.3</td>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FC4C753ECE26FDD2" box="[1010,1407,526,551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">2.1–2.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34FEFF9F0044FF1D7506CE26FDBA" box="[163,1407,566,591]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FF1D7506C958FDBA" box="[163,513,566,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Abactinal plates</th>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FD967506C88BFDBA" box="[552,978,566,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Thin, flat</td>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FC4C7506CE26FDBA" box="[1010,1407,566,591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Thicker with blunt or rounded keel</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34FEFF9F0044FF1D756FCE26FD8D" box="[163,1407,607,632]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FF1D756FC958FD8D" box="[163,513,607,632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Abactinal spinelet shape</th>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FD96756FC88BFD8D" box="[552,978,607,632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Glassy sacciform, fragile</td>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FC4C756FCE26FD8D" box="[1010,1407,607,632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Digitiform to conical, robust</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34FEFF9F0044FF1D75B7CE26FD48" box="[163,1407,647,701]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FF1D75B7C958FD48" box="[163,513,647,701]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Abactinal spinelets per plate</th>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FD9675B7C88BFD48" box="[552,978,647,701]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Up to 4 proximally; primarily 1–2</td>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FC4C75B7CE26FD48" box="[1010,1407,647,701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Up to 7; 4–6 spinelets near disc region, 3–2 distally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34FEFF9F0044FF1D75FCCE26FD10" box="[163,1407,716,741]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FF1D75FCC958FD10" box="[163,513,716,741]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Superomarginal spinelets per plate</th>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FD9675FCC88BFD10" box="[552,978,716,741]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">1</td>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FC4C75FCCE26FD10" box="[1010,1407,716,741]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Up to 2 spinelets proximally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356C34FEFF9F0044FF1D75C5CE26FCBD" box="[163,1407,757,840]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<th id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FF1D75C5C958FCBD" box="[163,513,757,840]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Inferomarginal spinelets</th>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FD9675C5C88BFCBD" box="[552,978,757,840]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Frequently with one large conical spinelet surrounded by smaller spinelets; smaller spinelets up to 5</td>
<td id="76BD5D82FF9F0044FC4C75C5CE26FCBD" box="[1010,1407,757,840]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Frequently with 2 or 3 subequal, large spinelets, may be adjacent to smaller spinelets</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF9FFFBFFF797447CA8FF83F" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9FFFBFFF797447C996FB0F" blockId="4.[151,1436,887,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFF797447CA00FC67" bold="true" box="[199,345,887,914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Description.</emphasis>
Non-fissiparous, five-rayed asterinid, R up to
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, R:r 1.8–3.3. Disc border variable, occasionally with pentagonal outline but also ovoid, irregular or incomplete. Single madreporite. Abactinal surface covered in thick integument. Imbricating abactinal plates thin, flat, slightly thicker proximally; shape triangular to crescentiform or quadrangular with strong crescentiform notches. Plates at proximal and midradial regions irregularly arranged, bordered dorsoventrally by regular series of crescentiform plates. Papulate areas extensive with up to five rows of papulae at the proximal sides of rays, in addition to irregular papular array at the ray median; papulate plates directly bordering superomarginals for much of ray length in larger individuals (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFBD37360CF9DFB9F" box="[1133,1220,1104,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnasterias oinops sp. nov., A-C Holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6). B. Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base. C. Actinal surface. D. Paratype, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates. E-F Paratype, MZB.Astr.00043: E. Sacciform abactinal spinelets. F. Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
) or separated from superomarginal plates by one to two non-papulate plates in smaller individuals; papulae large, pore diameters on average three-fourth the width of adjacent plates, predominantly single. Secondary plates present in some papular pores at midradial regions. Non-papulate area at the interradii present as opposing triangular fields adjacent to disc borders, and at distal interradial margins (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFDD573D0C998FB0F" box="[619,705,1248,1274]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnasterias oinops sp. nov., A-C Holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6). B. Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base. C. Actinal surface. D. Paratype, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates. E-F Paratype, MZB.Astr.00043: E. Sacciform abactinal spinelets. F. Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9FFFBFFF797234CE3BFA27" blockId="4.[151,1436,887,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
Abactinal spinelets glassy, short to long sacciform with tapered points, fragile (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFB8C7234CFDEFAEB" box="[1074,1159,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnasterias oinops sp. nov., A-C Holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6). B. Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base. C. Actinal surface. D. Paratype, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates. E-F Paratype, MZB.Astr.00043: E. Sacciform abactinal spinelets. F. Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
); spinelets shorter proximal-dorsally, longer toward distal-marginal regions; up to 4 spinelets proximally but predominantly 1–2 spinelets on rays. Glassy convexities present on plates. Pedicellariae absent. Superomarginal plates circular with single sacciform spinelets. Inferomarginal plates longitudinally elongate with distal protrusion, boot-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFB6C7240CE70FA7F" box="[1234,1321,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnasterias oinops sp. nov., A-C Holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6). B. Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base. C. Actinal surface. D. Paratype, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates. E-F Paratype, MZB.Astr.00043: E. Sacciform abactinal spinelets. F. Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
); the apex is armed primarily with a single large, conical spinelet, surrounded by up to five smaller subsacciform to conical spinelets at the base (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFE387288CA83FA27" box="[390,474,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1435,179,1364]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Limnasterias oinops sp. nov., A-C Holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Abactinal surface of disc (R = 22.6). B. Abactinal interradial region showing interradial non-papulate regions (arrows) and five rows of papulate plates at ray base. C. Actinal surface. D. Paratype, MZB.Astr.00041, cleared lateral ray, with boot-shaped inferomarginal plates (arrow) and circular superomarginal plates. E-F Paratype, MZB.Astr.00043: E. Sacciform abactinal spinelets. F. Marginal interradius and inferomarginal spinelets. Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Figs. 1B, C, and F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586398" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586398/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
); clusters in triplets or couplets with at least one large spinelet are also common.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9FFFBFFF7972ECC966F95F" blockId="4.[151,1436,887,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Thin actinal plates oblique in arrangement, with up to two sacciform spines per plate, predominantly one; aspinous plates variably present in some individuals. Spines sheathed by translucent tissue in intact specimens. Furrow spines up to four, tall sacciform, webbed in intact specimens. Subambulacral spines up to two, subsacciform and taller than furrow spines; proximal subambulacral spines occasionally with spatulate tips. Adradial plates spinous, not dissimilar from adjacent actinal plates. Oral plates with five straight spines; tips may be spatulate in some large specimens; one to two suboral spines.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9FFFBFFF797184CAD9F8AB" blockId="4.[151,1436,887,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
Superambulacral plates absent, internal plate projections are also absent (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFBB67184CF3AF93B" box="[1032,1123,1716,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal structures of Limnasterias gen. nov., A–B Limnasterias oinops holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Ray and abactinal surface removed to show absence of superambulacral plates (arrow) B. Appressed superactinal plate at distal edge of interradius (arrow) C. Limnasterias estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, abactinal surface and ray removed, showing interradial pillar (arrow) and absence of superambulacral plates D. L. estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00048, superactinal plate (arrow). Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Fig. 2C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586400/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); superactinal plates are reduced, short and appressed to the intersection between abactinal and actinal walls, and are occasionally fused to the abactinal wall in larger specimens (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFDED71CCC9F5F8E3" box="[595,684,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1230]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,488,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal structures of Limnasterias gen. nov., A–B Limnasterias oinops holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Ray and abactinal surface removed to show absence of superambulacral plates (arrow) B. Appressed superactinal plate at distal edge of interradius (arrow) C. Limnasterias estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, abactinal surface and ray removed, showing interradial pillar (arrow) and absence of superambulacral plates D. L. estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00048, superactinal plate (arrow). Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Fig. 2C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586400/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); interradial pillars present. Interior with smooth plate surface and resinous lining, appearing empty in larger individuals; gonads attached to abactinal wall of the interradii, indicating abactinal gonopores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9FFFBFFF797058CA8FF83F" blockId="4.[151,1436,887,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
Color in life (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9FFFBFFEDA7058CAB9F877" box="[356,480,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Live and in situ observations of Limnasterias gen. nov. A. Limnasterias oinops, paratype, MZB.Astr.00042, live animal. B. Regurgitated remains of cannibalized L. oinops with visible furrow spines (arrow). C. Limnasterias estradivariae, paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, live animal. D. L. oinops on macroalgae. E. L. estradivariae on macroalgae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586404/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Fig. 4A, D</figureCitation>
) abactinal surface dark grayish indigo or black, often appearing navy to cobalt blue underwater and in photographs; madreporite and spinelets yellowish, cream or otherwise pale color; actinal surface grayish beige to olive green.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF9FFFBEFF7970E3CE26FF46" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9FFFBFFF7970E3C881F81B" blockId="4.[151,1436,887,2030]" box="[199,984,2003,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9FFFBFFF7970E3CA38F81B" bold="true" box="[199,353,2003,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Distribution.</emphasis>
Haji Buang Lake on Maratua Island, at depths of
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0–
<specimenCount id="9D5AFD35FF9FFFBFFC1170E4C88CF81B" box="[943,981,2004,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" type="generic">2m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9EFFBEFF7977A8CE26FF46" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,467]" box="[199,1407,152,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFF7977A8CA73FF46" bold="true" box="[199,298,152,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Habitat.</emphasis>
Mud, macroalgae, sponges, rocks, submerged branches and mangrove roots in very shallow water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3466537FF9EFFBEFF79778DC9EDFE27" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9EFFBEFF79778DCFE6FEEA" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFF79778DCA17FF22" bold="true" box="[199,334,189,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name (Gk.
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9EFFBEFDDE778DC9F2FF23" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[608,683,189,214]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFDDE778DC9F2FF23" box="[608,683,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">oinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= “wine-faced”) refers to the ambiguous dark color in live animals, which are often visibly blue underwater and appearing black when brought to surface. The term was quoted from the chromatically enigmatic phrase “wine-faced sea” (
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFD497635C8CDFEEB" box="[759,916,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9EFFBEFD497635C81BFEEB" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[759,834,261,286]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops">oinops</taxonomicName>
pontos
</emphasis>
) in the writings of Homer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE336BCFF9EFFBEFF797619C9EDFE27" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFF797619CAEEFEB6" bold="true" box="[199,439,296,323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFF797619CA4BFEB7" bold="true" box="[199,274,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">In situ</emphasis>
observations.
</emphasis>
Remnants of smaller conspecifics are occasionally discovered under feeding individuals. Sampled fragments show recognizable furrow spines (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9EFFBEFD4D767CC811FE92" box="[755,840,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Live and in situ observations of Limnasterias gen. nov. A. Limnasterias oinops, paratype, MZB.Astr.00042, live animal. B. Regurgitated remains of cannibalized L. oinops with visible furrow spines (arrow). C. Limnasterias estradivariae, paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, live animal. D. L. oinops on macroalgae. E. L. estradivariae on macroalgae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586404/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) and bluish tissue prior to preservation. This suggests that intraspecific cannibalism may occur at times; it is unknown whether the prey were healthy, moribund or dead animals. Smaller
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D3FFF9EFFBEFEE776A5CA98FE5B" authority="Setiadi, 2019" authorityName="Setiadi" authorityYear="2019" box="[345,449,405,430]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Limnasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oinops" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928EAAEFF9EFFBEFEE776A5CA98FE5B" box="[345,449,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">L. oinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B57D5FF9EFFBEFE7976A5C944FE5A" box="[455,541,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are also frequently observed attached to the thalli of green macroalgae (
<figureCitation id="13672A39FF9EFFBEFA8376A4CECDFE5A" box="[1341,1428,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1503,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,489,1478]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Live and in situ observations of Limnasterias gen. nov. A. Limnasterias oinops, paratype, MZB.Astr.00042, live animal. B. Regurgitated remains of cannibalized L. oinops with visible furrow spines (arrow). C. Limnasterias estradivariae, paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, live animal. D. L. oinops on macroalgae. E. L. estradivariae on macroalgae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586404/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) or on submerged, decaying branches and leaves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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