421 lines
68 KiB
XML
421 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="814AB37A9D20C2D066DDC0AD16196551" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.2013.0019" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10980675" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1713283402527" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Boessenecker, Robert W., Perry, Frank A. & Geisler, Jonathan H." docDate="2015" docId="03F58781A42F183BC125FDD9FE81FE0A" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.60.1.113-122.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2013.0019" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Globicephalinae Gray" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="FFCCFFF9A42D183DC27BFFD4FA4BFFB0" masterDocTitle="Globicephaline whales from the Mio-Pliocene Purisima Formation of central California, USA" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="115" updateTime="1713970109534" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D29EB7D5C4F6CEFC1A1D97E60E002895">Globicephaline whales from the Mio-Pliocene Purisima Formation of central California, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8FA2E1BF71A1F14364FE4D4772FC6E6D">Boessenecker, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5705C387734283A7175BE59F1F947D8E">Perry, Frank A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="330B618ED3B201A0F6CE5C247295D697">Geisler, Jonathan H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B5006561C0E7DBE4673E57A2393BAD13">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0378AB3AD09C435E667A903D9B5A2904">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D15864322AED2477A71F1E94FA470A25">2013-07-15</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F58781A42F183BC125FDD9FE81FE0A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11060554" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F58781A42F183BC125FDD9FE81FE0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F58781A42F183BC125FDD9FE81FE0A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<subSubSection id="C346651CA42F183FC125FDD9FE8EFD9A" box="[862,1221,525,554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE33697A42F183FC125FDD9FE8EFD9A" blockId="2.[862,1221,525,554]" box="[862,1221,525,554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<heading id="D0AB81FBA42F183FC125FDD9FE8EFD9A" box="[862,1221,525,554]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D14A42F183FC125FDD9FE7BFD9A" authority="Gray, 1850" authorityName="Gray" box="[862,1072,525,554]" family="Delphinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1850
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346651CA42F183FC125FDE3FE04FDE4" box="[862,1103,566,596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BE33697A42F183FC125FDE3FE04FDE4" blockId="2.[862,1103,566,596]" box="[862,1103,566,596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<heading id="D0AB81FBA42F183FC125FDE3FE04FDE4" box="[862,1103,566,596]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" reason="2">Gen. et sp. indet. 1</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346651CA42F183FC125FDB7F9F5FDC8" box="[862,958,611,633]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE33697A42F183FC125FDB7F9F5FDC8" blockId="2.[862,958,611,633]" box="[862,958,611,633]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<figureCitation id="13672A12A42F183FC125FDB7F9F1FDC8" box="[862,954,611,633]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[98,131,1584,1606]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,184,1345,1367]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,184,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox-0="[213,1367,161,1567]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,824,677,1326]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,824,677,1326]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-708@4.[154,505,891,1056]" captionTargetId-2="graphics-708@4.[154,505,891,1056]" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B2)." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in lateral view, showing endocast (A). Endocast in posterior (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B 1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B 2,C, D)." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Reconstruction of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1, in dorsal view. Gray denotes the preserved portion of the cranium." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060552" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060556" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980679" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11060552/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11060556/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10980679/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346651CA42F183FC125FD5FF9BAFC96" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE33697A42F183FC125FD5FF9BAFC96" blockId="2.[862,1535,650,806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B928EA85A42F183FC125FD5FF98BFD14" box="[862,960,651,676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Material</emphasis>
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.—
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<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A42F183FC1A5FD5EFE61FD14" box="[990,1066,650,676]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
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219223 (the Seacliff Beach skull), a fragmentary skull collected from
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<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A42F183FC69EFD7EFF78FD74" box="[1253,1331,682,708]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
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locality V99879, northern shore of Monterey Bay,
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<collectingCountry id="F34B7607A42F183FC6AFFD1FFF44FD55" box="[1236,1295,715,741]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">USA</collectingCountry>
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, by Robin Eisenman. Mio-Pliocene Purisima Formation, early to middle Pliocene (5–2.47 Ma).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346651CA42F1839C125FCE3FF5EFADD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE33697A42F183FC125FCE3F9A9FCE0" blockId="2.[862,1535,823,1267]" box="[862,994,823,848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B928EA85A42F183FC125FCE3F9A9FCE0" box="[862,994,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE33697A42F183FC125FC8CFFB3FB43" blockId="2.[862,1535,823,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B928EA85A42F183FC125FC8CF9DDFCC1" box="[862,918,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Skull</emphasis>
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.—Although the “core” portion of the cranium is intact, most of the rostrum and the vertex is missing, as are most of the braincase elements, squamosals, lateral portions of the facial region, pterygoid hamuli, nasals, jugals, and lacrimals (
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<figureCitation id="13672A12A42F183FC11DFC03F993FC41" box="[870,984,983,1009]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[98,131,1584,1606]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,184,1345,1367]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,184,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox-0="[213,1367,161,1567]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,824,677,1326]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,824,677,1326]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-708@4.[154,505,891,1056]" captionTargetId-2="graphics-708@4.[154,505,891,1056]" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B2)." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in lateral view, showing endocast (A). Endocast in posterior (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B 1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B 2,C, D)." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Reconstruction of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1, in dorsal view. Gray denotes the preserved portion of the cranium." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060552" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060556" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980679" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11060552/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11060556/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10980679/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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). The remaining portions of the skull are well preserved, and include much of the orbital region, medial facial region, anteroventral portion of the braincase, posterior palate, and the internal choanae. The skull is relatively large, with a slightly concave facial plane; if the vertex were complete, the face would likely have appeared more concave. Damage to the skull has exposed a partial endocranial cast. Skull measurements are presented in
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<tableCitation id="C6DE032CA42F183FC76CFB6DFFD8FB63" box="[1303,1427,1209,1235]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[862,915,1593,1615]" captionTargetId="graphics-835@2.[862,1535,1669,1952]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (in cm) of the Seacliff Beach skull, UCMP 219223; (e) denotes estimated measurement of incomplete feature." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23661FA42F183FC125F9EDFF94F9DC" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" tableUuid="DF23661FA42F183FC125F9EDFF94F9DC">Table 1. A</tableCitation>
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tentative reconstruction of the Seacliff Beach skull is given in Fig. 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE33697A42F183EC125FAD2F8E2F816" blockId="2.[862,1535,1284,1569]" lastBlockId="3.[98,771,1676,1959]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">
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<emphasis id="B928EA85A42F183FC125FAD2F99CFAAF" box="[862,983,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Premaxilla</emphasis>
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.—The preserved rostral surface of the premaxilla is wide, flat, and smooth anteriorly, while tapering posteriorly to form a strongly convex and posterolaterally directed ridge (
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<figureCitation id="13672A12A42F183FC11DFAB1F9F6FACF" box="[870,957,1381,1407]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[213,1367,161,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-247@3.[213,637,161,1558]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060552/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="115">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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). The lateral part of the premaxilla overlaps and is sutured to the maxilla anteriorly. The mesorostral canal is filled with matrix, and anteriorly measures
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<quantity id="4CA49B72A42F183FC68EFA71FF09FA70" box="[1269,1346,1445,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
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deep and
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<quantity id="4CA49B72A42F183FC7CAFA72FFB4FA70" box="[1457,1535,1446,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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wide. The anteromedial sulcus lies just medial to the posterior end of the rostral surface of the premaxilla, delineating the elongate prenarial triangle. A large (
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<quantity id="4CA49B72A42F183FC688F9D2FF08F991" box="[1267,1347,1542,1569]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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wide) premaxillary foramen occurs at the posterior end of the anteromedial sulcus and medial to the rostral surface of the premaxilla. The premaxillary sac fossae are wide, shallow, exhibit a cancellous bone texture, and form a transversely concave basin.Although both nasal processes of the premaxillae are damaged, the right appears to have been wider than the left at the midpoint of the external nares, judging from the raised platforms of the maxillae that the premaxillae would have sutured to. The posterior terminations of the nasal processes are not preserved.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF23661FA42E183EC219F9E4FB4CF9CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11060552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060552/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" startId="3.[98,131,1584,1606]" targetBox="[213,1367,161,1567]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BE33697A42E183EC219F9E4FB4CF9CE" blockId="3.[98,1481,1584,1667]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
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Fig. 2. Cranium of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D14A42E183EC376F9E4FBE9F9F6" box="[269,418,1584,1606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="113" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in dorsal (
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<emphasis id="B928EA85A42E183EC73CF9E4FF1CF9F5" bold="true" box="[1351,1367,1584,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">A</emphasis>
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) and ventral (
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<emphasis id="B928EA85A42E183EC212F998FA33F9D1" bold="true" box="[105,120,1612,1633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">B</emphasis>
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||
) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A
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||
<subScript id="17D834D2A42E183EC693F98FFEA4F9D7" attach="left" box="[1256,1263,1627,1639]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">1</subScript>
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, B
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<subScript id="17D834D2A42E183EC770F98FFF59F9D7" attach="left" box="[1291,1298,1627,1639]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">1</subScript>
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||
), interpretative line drawings (A
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<subScript id="17D834D2A42E183EC2A9F9A3FA92F933" attach="left" box="[210,217,1655,1667]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">2</subScript>
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, B
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<subScript id="17D834D2A42E183EC288F9A3FAB1F933" attach="left" box="[243,250,1655,1667]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">2</subScript>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE33697A42E1839C153F95AF88AFE29" blockId="3.[808,1481,1676,1959]" lastBlockId="4.[151,824,158,410]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B928EA85A42E183EC153F95AF935F917" box="[808,894,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Maxilla</emphasis>
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.—Much of the lateral part of the rostral portion of the maxilla is missing, and only a very small portion of the ascending process remains on either side of the skull. The rostral portion is preserved as a thin sliver lateral to the rostral portion of the premaxilla (
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<figureCitation id="13672A12A42E183EC62EF8D8FEFAF897" box="[1109,1201,1804,1831]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[213,1367,161,1567]" captionText="Fig. 2. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060552/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). An accessory exposure of the maxilla lies medial to the right premaxilla and forms the anteromedial margin of the right naris. In dorsal view, the maxilla-premaxilla suture anterior to the anteriormost dorsal infraorbital foramen is slightly concave laterally.The anteriormost dorsal infraorbital foramen is positioned slightly more anteriorly on the right side than on the left one. The maxillae form a dorsoventrally deep palate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4291839C055FF0AF8C3FF49" box="[558,648,222,249]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[151,824,677,1326]" captionTargetId="graphics-708@4.[154,505,891,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in lateral view, showing endocast (A). Endocast in posterior (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B 1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B 2,C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060556/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4291839C0F3FF25F8DBFF4F" box="[648,656,241,255]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[98,131,1034,1056]" captionTargetId="graphics-451@1.[195,900,164,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig.1. Geographic and stratigraphic context of Purisima Formation fossil globicephalines. A. Geologic map of Purisima Formation exposures in Northern California (modified from Boessenecker 2011). B. Location of inset map in California and North America. C. Stratigraphic column of the Santa Cruz section of the Purisima Formation, showing stratigraphic control of globicephaline fossils (modified from Powell et al. 2007 and Boessenecker and Perry 2011). Skull and petrosal symbols indicate stratigraphic position of fossils reported herein. Abbreviations: ms, mudstone; sls, siltstone; ss, sandstone. Asterisks denote age determinations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060407/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4291839C0F3FF25F8DBFF4F" attach="left" box="[648,656,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a trapezoidal cross section, and are posterolaterally underlapped by the palatine. Lateral to the palatine, the ventral surface of the maxilla is flat and wide. The ventral infraorbital foramen is positioned anteriorly within the antorbital fossa, which in turn is floored by the lacrimojugal crest of the maxilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C2ECFE78F862FDF5" blockId="4.[151,824,426,581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C2ECFE78FBD2FE75" box="[151,409,428,453]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Vomer and mesethmoid</emphasis>
|
||
.—The vomer is not clearly visible on the anterior broken surface of the rostrum. Within the bony naris, the internasal septum is rotated clockwise about its vertical axis; in the absence of any diagenetic compaction, this feature is interpreted as natural.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C2ECFD83FFB0FEEC" blockId="4.[151,824,598,657]" lastBlockId="4.[862,1535,158,348]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C2ECFD83FAA7FDC0" box="[151,236,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Frontal</emphasis>
|
||
.—The ventral orbital crest of the frontal is oriented anterolaterally, and forms a precipitous vertical crest that anteriorly demarcates the posterior boundary of the antorbital fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4291839C1DDFF6BF9B6FF69" box="[934,1021,191,217]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[213,1367,161,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-247@3.[213,637,161,1558]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060552/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The optic foramen is laterally confluent with the frontal groove. Another groove is present in the frontal anteromedial to the frontal groove, forming an anterolateral continuation of the foramen rotundum; the anteromedial margin of this groove is adjacent to the ventral orbital crest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C125FEBAFEB9FDFA" blockId="4.[862,1535,364,586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C125FEBAFE2EFE37" box="[862,1125,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Palatine and pterygoid</emphasis>
|
||
.— The ventral extremities of these elements are missing. The laterally compressed and dorsoventrally narrow maxillary process of the palatine extends anteromedial to the antorbital fossa. A transversely thin lateral lamina of the palatine projects posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4291839C7EFFE3BFFBAFDB9" box="[1428,1521,495,521]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[213,1367,161,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-247@3.[213,637,161,1558]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060552/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), parallel to the posterior medial lamina of the pterygoid, demarcating the pterygoid sinus fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C125FD89FFA7FC6C" blockId="4.[862,1535,603,988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C125FD89FF49FDC6" box="[862,1282,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Posterior braincase and basicranium</emphasis>
|
||
.—Residual fragments of the parietals and alisphenoids adhere to recesses of the braincase endocast. A remnant of a well-developed internal sagittal crest is preserved between the cerebral hemispheres of the endocast. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D14A4291839C63AFD0BFF5BFD48" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1089,1296,735,760]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Stenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C63AFD0BFF5BFD48" box="[1089,1296,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Stenella attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the internal sagittal crest actually represents the ossified falx cerebri of the dura mater (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B66A4291839C1D1FCCBFE0AFC89" author="Nojima, T." box="[938,1089,799,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" pagination="312 - 322" refId="ref8977" refString="Nojima, T. 1988. Developmental patterns of the bony falx and bony tentorium of spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) and the relationship between degree of development and age. Marine Mammal Science 4: 312 - 322." type="journal article" year="1988">Nojima 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and this appears to be the case in many other delphinids as well (Brian Beatty, personal communcation 2009), including the Seacliff Beach skull. Similarly, bony fragments preserved ventral to the region of the endocast corresponding to the right cerebral hemisphere are interpreted as ossified remnants of the tentorium cerebelli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C125FC3AFF5EFADD" blockId="4.[862,1535,1005,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C125FC3AF98FFBB7" box="[862,964,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Endocast</emphasis>
|
||
.—The right side of the brain endocast is nearly complete, with a slightly abraded and damaged surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4291839C7D9FBD9F938FBF9" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[151,824,677,1326]" captionTargetId="graphics-708@4.[154,505,891,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in lateral view, showing endocast (A). Endocast in posterior (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B 1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B 2,C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060556/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cerebral hemispheres are large, subspherical, and separated medially by the internal sagittal crest/ossified falx cerebri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4291839C1F2FBBBFE4BFB39" box="[905,1024,1135,1161]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[151,824,677,1326]" captionTargetId="graphics-708@4.[154,505,891,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in lateral view, showing endocast (A). Endocast in posterior (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B 1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B 2,C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060556/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cerebral hemisphere is separated from the cerebellum by a transverse fissure (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B66A4291839C75FFB44FFBFFB1B" author="Colbert, M. W. & Racicot, R. A. & Rowe, T." box="[1316,1524,1168,1195]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" pagination="195 - 207" refId="ref8019" refString="Colbert, M. W., Racicot, R. A., and Rowe, T. 2005. Anatomy of the cranial endocast of the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus based on HRXCT. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 12: 195 - 207." type="journal article" year="2005">Colbert et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, a faintly preserved ridge preserves the impression of the vertically oriented middle meningeal artery. The cerebellum appears to have been ventrally concave, and dorsoventrally thickened laterally near the cranial hiatus. The anteroventral apex of the cerebellar cast likely includes part of the cranial hiatus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF23661FA4291839C2ECFA95FBD2FA52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060556" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11060556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060556/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" startId="4.[151,184,1345,1367]" targetBox="[151,824,677,1326]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C2ECFA95FBD2FA52" blockId="4.[151,825,1345,1512]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Fig. 3. Cranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D14A4291839C336FA95FBA9FAE7" box="[333,482,1345,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in lateral view, showing endocast (
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C330FAACFB10FA3D" bold="true" box="[331,347,1400,1421]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
). Endocast in posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C03DFAADF81EFA3E" bold="true" box="[582,597,1401,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">B</emphasis>
|
||
), lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C0C9FAACF889FA3E" bold="true" box="[690,706,1400,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C</emphasis>
|
||
), and dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C2E4FA41FAE4FA1A" bold="true" box="[159,175,1429,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">D</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4291839C0F8FA14F8C1FA7C" attach="left" box="[643,650,1472,1484]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
|
||
, B
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4291839C0DEFA14F8E7FA7C" attach="left" box="[677,684,1472,1484]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">1</subScript>
|
||
), interpretative line drawings (A
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4291839C34BFA08FB7CFA58" attach="right" box="[304,311,1500,1512]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">2</subScript>
|
||
, B
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4291839C32AFA08FB13FA58" attach="left" box="[337,344,1500,1512]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">2</subScript>
|
||
, C, D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346651CA4291839C125FA53FE04FA14" box="[862,1103,1414,1444]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C125FA53FE04FA14" blockId="4.[862,1103,1414,1444]" box="[862,1103,1414,1444]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<heading id="D0AB81FBA4291839C125FA53FE04FA14" box="[862,1103,1414,1444]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" reason="2">Gen. et sp. indet. 2</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346651CA4291839C125FA67F9D7FA78" box="[862,924,1459,1481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C125FA67F9D7FA78" blockId="4.[862,924,1459,1481]" box="[862,924,1459,1481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4291839C125FA67F9D3FA78" box="[862,920,1459,1481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[213,1367,161,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-247@3.[213,637,161,1558]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060552/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346651CA4291839C125FA08FF84F9C8" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C125FA08FF84F9C8" blockId="4.[862,1535,1499,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C125FA08F98BFA45" box="[862,960,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Material</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4291839C1A5FA0FFE61FA45" box="[990,1066,1499,1525]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219487 and 219488, two left petrosals collected from the pebble marker bed (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4291839C72BFA28FFEBF9A6" box="[1360,1440,1532,1558]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
locality V99869, northern shore of Monterey Bay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7607A4291839C745F9C8FF33F986" box="[1342,1400,1564,1590]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by Stanley Jarocki (Watsonville,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998F875A4291839C62EF9E9FE82F9E7" box="[1109,1225,1597,1623]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B7607A4291839C6AEF9E9FF59F9E7" box="[1237,1298,1597,1623]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Mio-Pliocene Purisima Formation, early to middle Pliocene (4.5–3.5 Ma).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346651CA4291838C125F95EFEC4FB73" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291838C125F95EF8E2FBF2" blockId="4.[862,1535,1672,1960]" lastBlockId="5.[98,771,903,1960]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4291839C125F95EFE49F913" box="[862,1026,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Description.—</emphasis>
|
||
The two isolated left petrosals resemble each other, and are inferred to represent the same taxon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4291839C7D1F97DFFBBF974" box="[1450,1520,1705,1732]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[98,131,821,843]" captionTargetBox="[103,1469,167,792]" captionTargetId="figure-635@5.[100,1481,161,797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig.5. Petrosals of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 2, early Pliocene, UCMP locality V99869. A. UCMP 219487, in ventral (A 1), dorsal (A 2), and medial A 3) views. B. UCMP 219488, in ventral (B 1), dorsal (B 2), and medial (B 3) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980681/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Petrosal measurements are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE032CA4291839C74BF91EFFC1F954" box="[1328,1418,1738,1764]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[808,861,1642,1664]" captionTargetId="graphics-560@5.[808,1481,1706,1953]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of petrosals (in cm) of Globicephalinae gen. et. sp. indet. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23661FA4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" tableUuid="DF23661FA4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. In dorsal view, the outline of the petrosal is sigmoidal, with an anteromedially directed anterior process, a laterally thickened parabullary ridge, a medially convex pars cochlearis, and a posterolaterally projecting posterior process. In ventral view, the pars cochlearis is globular with a round medial margin. The ventral surface of the pars cochlearis is nearly flat.A subtle, anteroposteriorly aligned ridge extends from the margin of the fenestra rotunda, medial to which the pars cochlearis is slightly concave. The aforementioned ridge is much more apparent in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C2B6FC33FB50FBB1" box="[205,283,999,1025]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219488. The fenestra rotunda is D-shaped, with its flat edge positioned dorsally. The fenestra rotunda is confluent with a dorsally directed, V-shaped furrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF23661FA4291839C2ECF8E8FB41F816" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980679" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10980679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980679/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" startId="4.[151,184,1852,1874]" targetBox="[151,824,677,1326]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4291839C2ECF8E8FB41F816" blockId="4.[151,511,1852,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Fig. 4. Reconstruction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D14A4291839C3FAF8E8FAFDF8DE" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. indet. 1, in dorsal view. Gray denotes the preserved portion of the cranium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF23661FA4281838C219FCE1F90DFCD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10980681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980681/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" startId="5.[98,131,821,843]" targetBox="[103,1469,167,792]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4281838C219FCE1F90DFCD7" blockId="5.[98,1481,821,876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
Fig. 5. Petrosals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D14A4281838C374FCE1FBEFFCFB" box="[271,420,821,843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. indet. 2, early Pliocene, UCMP locality V99869.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4281838C1BBFCE1F99BFCFA" bold="true" box="[960,976,821,842]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">A</emphasis>
|
||
. UCMP 219487, in ventral (A
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C69BFC90FEACFCE0" attach="right" box="[1248,1255,836,848]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
|
||
), dorsal (A
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C736FC90FF1FFCE0" attach="right" box="[1357,1364,836,848]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">2</subScript>
|
||
), and medial A
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C202FCB4FACBFCDC" attach="left" box="[121,128,864,876]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
|
||
) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4281838C2B5FC85FA96FCD6" bold="true" box="[206,221,849,870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">B</emphasis>
|
||
. UCMP 219488, in ventral (B
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C394FCB4FBBDFCDC" attach="left" box="[495,502,864,876]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
|
||
), dorsal (B
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C027FCB4F828FCDC" attach="left" box="[604,611,864,876]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">2</subScript>
|
||
), and medial (B
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C08CFCB4F8B5FCDC" attach="left" box="[759,766,864,876]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
|
||
) views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4281838C2FCFB9CF8E4FA54" blockId="5.[98,771,903,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
The long axis of the fenestra ovalis is oriented anteromedially-posterolaterally. Lateral to the fenestra ovalis is the distal opening of the facial nerve canal. The stapedial muscle fossa and the facial sulcus are separated by a minute ridge in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C0CEFB7DF948FB73" box="[693,771,1193,1219]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219487, but not in 219488. The stapedial muscle fossa is narrow and elongate in both specimens, and not excavated beyond the level of the dorsal margin of the fenestra rotunda. The internal acoustic meatus is anteroposteriorly elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4281838C0E4FAFDF8B8FAF4" box="[671,755,1321,1348]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[98,131,821,843]" captionTargetBox="[103,1469,167,792]" captionTargetId="figure-635@5.[100,1481,161,797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig.5. Petrosals of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 2, early Pliocene, UCMP locality V99869. A. UCMP 219487, in ventral (A 1), dorsal (A 2), and medial A 3) views. B. UCMP 219488, in ventral (B 1), dorsal (B 2), and medial (B 3) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980681/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4281838C088FAE8FA37FADA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[213,1367,161,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-247@3.[213,637,161,1558]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060552/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C088FAE8F8B0FAFA" attach="left" box="[755,763,1340,1354]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">2</subScript>
|
||
, B
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C20FFA88FA37FADA" attach="left" box="[116,124,1372,1386]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">2</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), owing to the inclusion of the facial nerve canal within the meatus. The meatus is teardrop-shaped, pointing anteriorly. The foramen singulare is medial to the spiral cribriform tract, with the partition separating the two being much lower than the transverse crest. The dorsal crest is not developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4281838C2FCFA3FF8C6F8B6" blockId="5.[98,771,903,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
The anterior process is stocky and short, measuring approximately 81–90% of the length of the pars cochlearis
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4281838C211F9FFFA8AF9F6" box="[106,193,1579,1606]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[98,131,821,843]" captionTargetBox="[103,1469,167,792]" captionTargetId="figure-635@5.[100,1481,161,797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig.5. Petrosals of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 2, early Pliocene, UCMP locality V99869. A. UCMP 219487, in ventral (A 1), dorsal (A 2), and medial A 3) views. B. UCMP 219488, in ventral (B 1), dorsal (B 2), and medial (B 3) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980681/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4281838C2BAF9EAFA82F9FC" box="[193,201,1598,1612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[98,131,1034,1056]" captionTargetId="graphics-451@1.[195,900,164,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig.1. Geographic and stratigraphic context of Purisima Formation fossil globicephalines. A. Geologic map of Purisima Formation exposures in Northern California (modified from Boessenecker 2011). B. Location of inset map in California and North America. C. Stratigraphic column of the Santa Cruz section of the Purisima Formation, showing stratigraphic control of globicephaline fossils (modified from Powell et al. 2007 and Boessenecker and Perry 2011). Skull and petrosal symbols indicate stratigraphic position of fossils reported herein. Abbreviations: ms, mudstone; sls, siltstone; ss, sandstone. Asterisks denote age determinations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060407/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C2BAF9EAFA82F9FC" attach="left" box="[193,201,1598,1612]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
, A
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4281838C291F9EAFAB9F9FC" box="[234,242,1598,1612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[151,824,677,1326]" captionTargetId="graphics-708@4.[154,505,891,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in lateral view, showing endocast (A). Endocast in posterior (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B 1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B 2,C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060556/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C291F9EAFAB9F9FC" attach="left" box="[234,242,1598,1612]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
, B
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4281838C36FF9EAFB57F9FC" box="[276,284,1598,1612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[98,131,1034,1056]" captionTargetId="graphics-451@1.[195,900,164,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig.1. Geographic and stratigraphic context of Purisima Formation fossil globicephalines. A. Geologic map of Purisima Formation exposures in Northern California (modified from Boessenecker 2011). B. Location of inset map in California and North America. C. Stratigraphic column of the Santa Cruz section of the Purisima Formation, showing stratigraphic control of globicephaline fossils (modified from Powell et al. 2007 and Boessenecker and Perry 2011). Skull and petrosal symbols indicate stratigraphic position of fossils reported herein. Abbreviations: ms, mudstone; sls, siltstone; ss, sandstone. Asterisks denote age determinations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060407/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C36FF9EAFB57F9FC" attach="left" box="[276,284,1598,1612]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
, B
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4281838C346F9EAFB0EF9FC" box="[317,325,1598,1612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[151,824,677,1326]" captionTargetId="graphics-708@4.[154,505,891,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Cranium of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (UCMP 219223, Seacliff Beach skull), Pliocene, UCMP locality V99879, in lateral view, showing endocast (A). Endocast in posterior (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. Cross-hatching denotes damaged or missing bone, gray indicates matrix (including the endocast). Photographs (A 1, B 1), interpretative line drawings (A 2, B 2,C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060556/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C346F9EAFB0EF9FC" attach="left" box="[317,325,1598,1612]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE032CA4281838C32FF9FFFBE0F9F5" box="[340,427,1579,1605]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[808,861,1642,1664]" captionTargetId="graphics-560@5.[808,1481,1706,1953]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of petrosals (in cm) of Globicephalinae gen. et. sp. indet. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23661FA4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" tableUuid="DF23661FA4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The parabullary ridge is pronounced and overhangs more dorsal portions of the lateral side of the petrosal. In lateral view, the ventral margin of the anterior process is concave. The anterior margin of the anterior process is straight, giving the entire process a squared-off appearance. In anterior view, the anterior process appears triangular with ventral, dorsal, and medial apices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF23661FA4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D" ID-Table-UUID="DF23661FA4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23661FA4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" startId="5.[808,861,1642,1664]" targetBox="[816,1456,1714,1951]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D" blockId="5.[808,1482,1642,1693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
Table 2. Measurements of petrosals (in cm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D14A4281838C680F9BEFFD3F930" box="[1275,1432,1642,1664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="113" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Globicephalinae">Globicephalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et. sp. indet. 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4281838C102F967FF37F82E" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<table id="F95CC437A428E7C2C14BF966FFFBF82F" box="[816,1456,1714,1951]" gridcols="3" gridrows="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<tr id="356C34D5A428E7C2C14BF966FFFBF978" box="[816,1456,1714,1736]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C14BF966FE75F978" box="[816,1086,1714,1736]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Measurement</th>
|
||
<th id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C61BF966FEBAF978" box="[1120,1265,1714,1736]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">UCMP 219487</th>
|
||
<th id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C764F966FFFBF978" box="[1311,1456,1714,1736]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">UCMP 219488</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34D5A428E7C2C14BF906FFFBF958" box="[816,1456,1746,1768]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C14BF906FE75F958" box="[816,1086,1746,1768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Anteroposterior length</th>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C61BF906FEBAF958" box="[1120,1265,1746,1768]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3.79</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C764F906FFFBF958" box="[1311,1456,1746,1768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">3.33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34D5A428E7C2C14BF926FFFBF8B8" box="[816,1456,1778,1800]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C14BF926FE75F8B8" box="[816,1086,1778,1800]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Length of pars cochlearis</th>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C61BF926FEBAF8B8" box="[1120,1265,1778,1800]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1.49</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C764F926FFFBF8B8" box="[1311,1456,1778,1800]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1.52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34D5A428E7C2C14BF8C5FFFBF8F3" box="[816,1456,1809,1859]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C14BF8C5FE75F8F3" box="[816,1086,1809,1859]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Transverse width of internal acoustic meatus</th>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C61BF8C5FEBAF8F3" box="[1120,1265,1809,1859]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">0.54</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C764F8C5FFFBF8F3" box="[1311,1456,1809,1859]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">0.63</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34D5A428E7C2C14BF899FFFBF8CF" box="[816,1456,1869,1919]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C14BF899FE75F8CF" box="[816,1086,1869,1919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Anteroposterior length of internal acoustic meatus</th>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C61BF899FEBAF8CF" box="[1120,1265,1869,1919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1.40</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C764F899FFFBF8CF" box="[1311,1456,1869,1919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1.13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34D5A428E7C2C14BF85DFFFBF82F" box="[816,1456,1929,1951]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C14BF85DFE75F82F" box="[816,1086,1929,1951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Length of anterior process</th>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C61BF85DFEBAF82F" box="[1120,1265,1929,1951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1.87</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DA9A428E7C2C764F85DFFFBF82F" box="[1311,1456,1929,1951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1.41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A4281838C2FCF8D8FEC4FB73" blockId="5.[98,771,903,1960]" lastBlockId="5.[808,1482,903,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
The posterior process is relatively long (64 and 85% of the length of the promontorium in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C3B8F8F9F85AF8F7" box="[451,529,1837,1863]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219488 and 219487, respectively;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE032CA4281838C28DF899FB03F8D7" box="[246,328,1869,1895]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[808,861,1642,1664]" captionTargetId="graphics-560@5.[808,1481,1706,1953]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of petrosals (in cm) of Globicephalinae gen. et. sp. indet. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF23661FA4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" tableUuid="DF23661FA4281838C153F9BEF9FEF92D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) and projects posterolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4281838C0E5F899F8B9F8D8" box="[670,754,1869,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[98,131,821,843]" captionTargetBox="[103,1469,167,792]" captionTargetId="figure-635@5.[100,1481,161,797]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig.5. Petrosals of Globicephalinae gen. et sp. indet. 2, early Pliocene, UCMP locality V99869. A. UCMP 219487, in ventral (A 1), dorsal (A 2), and medial A 3) views. B. UCMP 219488, in ventral (B 1), dorsal (B 2), and medial (B 3) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980681/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A4281838C088F88BFA37F83E" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[98,131,1034,1056]" captionTargetId="graphics-451@1.[195,900,164,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig.1. Geographic and stratigraphic context of Purisima Formation fossil globicephalines. A. Geologic map of Purisima Formation exposures in Northern California (modified from Boessenecker 2011). B. Location of inset map in California and North America. C. Stratigraphic column of the Santa Cruz section of the Purisima Formation, showing stratigraphic control of globicephaline fossils (modified from Powell et al. 2007 and Boessenecker and Perry 2011). Skull and petrosal symbols indicate stratigraphic position of fossils reported herein. Abbreviations: ms, mudstone; sls, siltstone; ss, sandstone. Asterisks denote age determinations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11060407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11060407/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C088F88BF8B0F8DD" attach="right" box="[755,763,1887,1901]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
|
||
, B
|
||
<subScript id="17D834D2A4281838C20FF854FA37F83E" attach="left" box="[116,124,1920,1934]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its ventral side is dominated by a large, transversely concave, pentagonal posterior bullar facet with longitudinal grooves. The apex of the pentagon points posterolaterally, and its base parallels the trough that includes the facial nerve sulcus and stapedial muscle fossa. The angle formed between the anterolateral edge of the posterior bullar facet and the lateral edge of the body of the petrosal in ventrolateral view is ca. 90º and 100º in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C186FBFCFE00FBF2" box="[1021,1099,1064,1090]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219487 and 219488, respectively. Note, however, that measurement of angles is highly sensitive to slight differences in viewing perspective. Anteriorly, the posterior process is separated from the parabullary ridge by a deep hiatus epitympanicus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346651CA428183BC153FB01FE81FE0A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A428183BC153FB01F94EFEED" blockId="5.[808,1482,1236,1617]" lastBlockId="6.[151,831,158,1169]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4281838C153FB01FE8BFB5E" box="[808,1216,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Comparisons between specimens.—</emphasis>
|
||
Despite the similarities between
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C1F4FB20F996FABE" box="[911,989,1268,1294]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219487 and 219488, some differences are evident dorsally. The edge of the internal acoustic meatus is more elevated in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C67EFAE1FE18FAFF" box="[1029,1107,1333,1359]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219487 and the posterior margin is slightly pointed, whereas that edge is more rounded (but likely also abraded) in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C649FAA1FECBFA3F" box="[1074,1152,1397,1423]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219488. The aperture of the cochlear aqueduct in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C662FA42FE2CFA00" box="[1049,1127,1430,1456]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219487 occurs on a low tuberosity (as in extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D14A4281838C187FA63FED8FA60" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1828" box="[1020,1171,1463,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A4281838C187FA63FED8FA60" box="[1020,1171,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Globicephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); this structure is absent in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C153FA02F93DFA40" box="[808,886,1494,1520]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219488, and also appears to be abraded. The expanse of the pars cochlearis medial to the internal acoustic meatus is wider in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A4281838C1F3F9C3F99DF981" box="[904,982,1559,1585]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219488. In both specimens, the region lateral to the internal acoustic meatus is low and faces dorsally; however, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A42B183BC28AFF4AFB74FF08" box="[241,319,158,184]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219487 this region is flat, whereas in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A42B183BC091FF4AF973FF08" box="[746,824,158,184]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219488 it is gently convex. As the dorsal face of the petrosal varies appreciably among extant delphinids (and cetaceans in general), these differences between
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A42B183BC023FED5F8EDFEAB" box="[600,678,257,283]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219487 and 219488 are attributed to intraspecific variation, as well as abrasion of the dorsal pars cochlearis in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A42B183BC02EFE97F8E8FEED" box="[597,675,323,349]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219488.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A42B183BC2C6FEB7F83EFC7C" blockId="6.[151,831,158,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
Our regression analysis showed that the maximum width of the bony nares in delphinidans significantly increases with the length of the promontorium (p <0.001), and resulted a line with a slope of 7.9852 and a y-intercept of -57.559 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A42B183BC09EFE12F961FE51" box="[741,810,454,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,184,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[156,818,1213,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-773@6.[217,819,1205,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Plot of maximum width of external bony nares versus length of promontorium for 62 delphinidan specimens, representing 34 species. Solid line is a reduced major axis regression (for all Delphinida). Horizontal dotted line is the nares width for the Seacliff Beach skull (UCMP 219223) and the vertical dashed lines are the lengths of the promontoria in UCMP 219488 (black) and 219487 (gray). In order to maximize the measurement area occupied by the specimens we sampled, the labeled y axis does not pass through the origin, but instead x = 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980683/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). This equation slightly changes if it is based only on delphinids (n = 33, slope = 7.2787, y-intercept = -39.685) or globicephalines (n = 12, slope = 7.3159, y-intercept = -41.864). The Seacliff Beach skull has a maximum narial width of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B72A42B183BC35FFDBEFBDCFD35" box="[292,407,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.105" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="110.5">110.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, which, based on the equation above, should be associated with a petrosal that has a promontorium
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B72A42B183BC2ECFD78FAA1FD76" box="[151,234,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. By contrast, the promontoria in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A42B183BC091FD78F973FD76" box="[746,824,684,710]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219487 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4DAE52A42B183BC350FD19FB32FD57" box="[299,377,717,743]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
219488 are much smaller (14.95 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B72A42B183BC2ECFD39FB41FCB8" box="[151,266,749,776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="15.24">15.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A12A42B183BC3D2FD39FBA0FCB8" box="[425,491,749,776]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,184,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[156,818,1213,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-773@6.[217,819,1205,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Plot of maximum width of external bony nares versus length of promontorium for 62 delphinidan specimens, representing 34 species. Solid line is a reduced major axis regression (for all Delphinida). Horizontal dotted line is the nares width for the Seacliff Beach skull (UCMP 219223) and the vertical dashed lines are the lengths of the promontoria in UCMP 219488 (black) and 219487 (gray). In order to maximize the measurement area occupied by the specimens we sampled, the labeled y axis does not pass through the origin, but instead x = 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980683/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). This difference in size is not easily explained as the result of ontogeny, because in extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D14A42B183BC2ECFCE5FB65FCFA" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,302,817,842]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA85A42B183BC2ECFCE5FB65FCFA" box="[151,302,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Globicephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the petrosal, and particularly the pars cochlearis, initially ossifies at near adult size, and the length of the petrosal shows no correlation with total body length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B66A42B183BC098FCA5FA98FC1C" author="Kasuya, T." pageId="6" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref8416" refString="Kasuya, T. 1973. Systematic consideration of recent toothed whales based on the morphology of tympano-periotic bone. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute 25: 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1973">Kasuya 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, our analysis indicates the presence of at least two globicephalines in the Purisima Formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33697A42B183BC2C6FC07FE81FE0A" blockId="6.[151,831,158,1169]" lastBlockId="6.[862,1535,158,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
The maximum nares width we measured is likely an overestimate, because the premaxillae are damaged. In most extant delphinids, a medial shelf of the ascending process of the premaxilla overhangs the lateral margin of the bony nares, somewhat narrowing their transverse width. It seems unlikely that, if preserved, the premaxillae would have reduced the width by
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B72A42B183BC1B8FF4AFE44FF09" box="[963,1039,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
(i.e., 41%), which would be required to bring the petrosals and the Seacliff Beach skull in line with the proportions seen in other delphinidans. Nevertheless, given the appreciable scatter around the best fit line (r
|
||
<superScript id="7C299BDFA42B183BC70AFF2BFF32FEBD" attach="left" box="[1393,1401,255,269]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">2</superScript>
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||
= 0.51954), it is possible, although unlikely, that the fossils we describe represent a single taxon with a proportionally small petrosal and/or unusually large external bony nares. More complete specimens are needed to test our hypothesis that the skull and petrosals represent separate taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |