300 lines
42 KiB
XML
300 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="1091ADBF53E79A1BB9142F4659EAA3E3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.8159677" ID-GBIF-Dataset="984b91de-9b4d-44c3-a45a-f90c802d6126" ID-ISSN="0073-134X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8159677" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1689684419095" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K. & Kahoolaa, Raina L." docDate="2020" docId="03F2B64D8844844492C162D5FDC0FAB5" docLanguage="en" docName="PHawaiiEntomolSoc.52.9-14.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 52" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F23399B9330408C614D890974D7E38A2.2:PHawaiiEntomolSoc.2012-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="F23399B9330408C614D890974D7E38A2" docStyleName="PHawaiiEntomolSoc.2012-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Blackburnia fulgida Liebherr 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFCBCE358846844092516131FFD4FF9A" masterDocTitle="The First Male Specimen of Blackburnia fulgida (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Reaffirms the Species’ Identity and Phylogenetic Placement" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1729276869611" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E2DC128F75AFD5C82CFA5C838B33A362">
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<mods:title id="625050001FE2BEF1FBA165CB462A73EC">The First Male Specimen of Blackburnia fulgida (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Reaffirms the Species’ Identity and Phylogenetic Placement</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D967725086B3C552493A1ED20B13D796" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F4F922DF128B2EDAEA30BED9862A5099">Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="608F829C75D56352E1BF398933FBAAB1">Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="D64662B7710B379B51CCA05D4CB47A10" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EF23DB1FD4DA0FA7EA214F492850DDE1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B3A155F58790435E325EB0EF5C77BB49">Kahoolaa, Raina L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="439CB58661709542BC61E62A4592CBE0">Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; & Haleakala National Park, Makawao, Maui, HI 96768, USA & Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B61584DAE663AEC1B1B817AE288276D1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D95BEFE6E63E671363DB8D9EF66828E7">Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BE855D3133130879338F67E687967DAE">
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<mods:date id="EF647AB60E409D3A5F8D0E199592D93C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="250C75ABA99B807E1258FE69D91D0C2A">2020-06-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FC85E588579109904C43261474B01EB0">52</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E2F67E38C6E9524E978C9438ADCD09EB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.8159677</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5DDD25B6FB3464EB1C3E22F7F5FCFDFB" type="ISSN">0073-134X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="25E732828582ACF8092E8E11507F92E7" type="Zenodo-Dep">8159677</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F2B64D8844844492C162D5FDC0FAB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8200582" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217549718" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8200582" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2B64D8844844492C162D5FDC0FAB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2B64D8844844492C162D5FDC0FAB5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C34154D08844844292C162D5FDE4FB80" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE4075B8844844292C162D5FDE4FB80" blockId="2.[144,560,996,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0ACB0378844844292C162D5FDE4FB80" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4B20758844844292C162D5FDE4FB80" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844292C162D5FDE4FB80" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFA214A8844844292C162D5FF63FB80" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" page="452" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844292C162D5FF63FB80" ID-CoL="LYNK" authority="Liebherr, 2000: 452" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityPageNumber="452" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844292C162D5FEA0FC66" bold="true" box="[144,372,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Blackburnia fulgida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA88448442932F62D5FF63FB80" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr, 2000: 452</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8844844292886533FDFFFB80" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" box="[217,555,1026,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34154D08844844292F96510FD22FA3C" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE4075B8844844292F96510FDE4F985" blockId="2.[144,560,996,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844292F96510FEC3FBA3" bold="true" box="[168,279,1057,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The male specimen can be placed as a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844293E1650EFDE4FBCD" baseAuthorityName="Liebherr and Porch" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[432,560,1087,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844293E1650EFDE4FBCD" box="[432,560,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Blackburnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844292A8656FFE10FBEC" authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1884" box="[249,452,1118,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metromenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844292A8656FFEA8FBEF" box="[249,380,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Metromenus</emphasis>
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Sharp
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA884484429385656FFE61FB0E" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000: 56</bibRefCitation>
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) based on: 1, its brachypterous condition; 2, presence of dorsolateral sulci on the basal two meso- and metatarsomeres; 3, well developed eyes; and 4, glabrous scape bearing only a single macroseta on the dorsoanterior surface. Within subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844292C16463FEC4FAF3" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1884" box="[144,272,1362,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metromenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844292C16463FEC4FAF3" box="[144,272,1362,1385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Metromenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the male specimen affirms the initial species diagnosis (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8844844293FC645EFEA9FA3F" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000: 452</bibRefCitation>
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), including: 1, upper body surface glossy, the pronotal disc smooth with only indistinct transverse lines visible within depressed portions of the cuticle; 2, basal pronotal seta present,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE4075B88448442900161A0FCFCFD70" blockId="2.[592,1009,145,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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lateral pronotal seta absent; 3, apical lobes of metatarsomere 4 short; and 4, pronotum broad basally, MPW/BPW = 1.14 (
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<typeStatus id="54E0B9F988448442919A61FFFD44FE9E" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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female) to 1.20 (male specimen). The eyes are moderately convex and the head narrow, resulting in ocular ratios of 1.62 for both specimens. The standardized body lengths are both 8.0 mm. For the female
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<typeStatus id="54E0B9F98844844290CD60B5FD21FE06" box="[668,757,388,412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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this measurement is
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<quantity id="4CA3AABE88448442918060B5FDACFE20" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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greater than that reported in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8844844291C96093FC51FE43" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman (2000: 452)</bibRefCitation>
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. The only amendment needed to the identification key in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8844844290C960CFFDA4FDAE" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman (2000: 68)</bibRefCitation>
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is to note the presence of evident, shallowly margined isodiametric sculpticells on the elytra, those sculpticells difficult to trace in areas of reflected light. More well-developed microsculpture is commonly observed in mature versus teneral adult carabid beetles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE4075B88448442903963C0FCAEFC19" blockId="2.[592,1009,145,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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The male specimen is fully sclerotized (
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<figureCitation id="13601BDE884484429009623EFD7EFCBD" box="[600,682,783,807]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,217,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[285,886,155,866]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[256,899,144,879]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Blackburnia fulgida male: A, dorsal view, standardized body length 8.0 mm; B, male aedeagus, dorsal or anatomically left view, in situ with abdominal segments VIII and IX, including the invaginated antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; C, male aedeagus, right view. Abbreviations: acVIII, antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; acIX, antecostal margin of laterotergite IX; ae, median lobe of aedeagus; lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere.; tVIII, tergite of abdominal segment VIII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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), with the elytra and pronotal margins opaque in contrast to those of the teneral female
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<typeStatus id="54E0B9F9884484429159627DFCB5FCFE" box="[776,865,844,868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA88448442913D627DFCD9FC19" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 278a).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE4075B88448442903962B8FD22FA3C" blockId="2.[592,1009,145,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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Nonetheless, the body of this species is pale, with the dark brunneous pronotal and elytral discs contrasted with the flavous margins, and the legs, including the femora, tibiae and tarsi flavous. This pale coloration differentiates this species from the other Haleakala species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888448442918A6571FC99FBEC" authority="(Blackburn)" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB4988448442918A6571FD1CFBEC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
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(Blackburn)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is characterized by a piceous body with glossy reflection and brunneous legs. Moreover,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD8884484429001658BFD3CFB4B" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[592,744,1209,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB49884484429001658BFD3CFB4B" box="[592,744,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is smaller; standardized body length
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<quantity id="4CA3AABE88448442908965E6FC81FB75" box="[728,853,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="7.35" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.2">7.2–7.5 mm</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA88448442913465E6FCDAFA94" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000</bibRefCitation>
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, 457). In addition, the aedeagal median lobe apex of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844291286424FC0EFAB6" box="[889,986,1300,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844291286424FC0EFAB6" box="[889,986,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">B. fulgida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is narrowly rounded (
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<figureCitation id="13601BDE8844844291456403FCB5FAD1" box="[788,865,1330,1355]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,217,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[285,886,155,866]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[256,899,144,879]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Blackburnia fulgida male: A, dorsal view, standardized body length 8.0 mm; B, male aedeagus, dorsal or anatomically left view, in situ with abdominal segments VIII and IX, including the invaginated antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; C, male aedeagus, right view. Abbreviations: acVIII, antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; acIX, antecostal margin of laterotergite IX; ae, median lobe of aedeagus; lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere.; tVIII, tergite of abdominal segment VIII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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), versus more broadly rounded and parallel sided in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888448442918A6463FD1DFA1D" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB4988448442918A6463FD1DFA1D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA88448442908B645EFD5CFA3C" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 280a).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34154D0884484439039649DFDD8FE6D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE4075B884484439039649DFDD8FE6D" blockId="2.[592,1009,145,1567]" lastBlockId="3.[144,560,145,1567]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB49884484429039649DFCCDFA5E" bold="true" box="[616,793,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
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Antecostal margin of tergite VIII (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8844844290AE64FAFC57FA79" author="Deuve, T." box="[767,899,1483,1507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref2362" refString="Deuve, T. 1993. L'abdomen et les genitalia des femelles de Coleopteres Adephaga. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Serie A Zoologie 155: 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="1993">Deuve 1993</bibRefCitation>
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) angulate distally, angulate apex slightly broader than lateral arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13601BDE88448442915B6736FC80F985" box="[778,852,1543,1567]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,217,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[285,886,155,866]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[256,899,144,879]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Blackburnia fulgida male: A, dorsal view, standardized body length 8.0 mm; B, male aedeagus, dorsal or anatomically left view, in situ with abdominal segments VIII and IX, including the invaginated antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; C, male aedeagus, right view. Abbreviations: acVIII, antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; acIX, antecostal margin of laterotergite IX; ae, median lobe of aedeagus; lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere.; tVIII, tergite of abdominal segment VIII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); aedeagal median lobe lightly melanized, translucent in cleared specimen, lightly spiculate internal sac folds visible through wall of lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13601BDE8845844392B661DDFE8DFE9E" box="[231,345,236,260]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,217,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[285,886,155,866]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[256,899,144,879]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Blackburnia fulgida male: A, dorsal view, standardized body length 8.0 mm; B, male aedeagus, dorsal or anatomically left view, in situ with abdominal segments VIII and IX, including the invaginated antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; C, male aedeagus, right view. Abbreviations: acVIII, antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; acIX, antecostal margin of laterotergite IX; ae, median lobe of aedeagus; lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere.; tVIII, tergite of abdominal segment VIII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figs 1B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); basal bulb smooth, without sagittal crest; lobe gracile, slightly broadened dorsoventrally near midlength, ventral margin straight near midlength, and ventral surface slightly depressed beyond straight portion before ventral curvature before apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13601BDE8845844393286093FE11FE21" box="[377,453,418,443]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,217,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[285,886,155,866]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[256,899,144,879]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Blackburnia fulgida male: A, dorsal view, standardized body length 8.0 mm; B, male aedeagus, dorsal or anatomically left view, in situ with abdominal segments VIII and IX, including the invaginated antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; C, male aedeagus, right view. Abbreviations: acVIII, antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; acIX, antecostal margin of laterotergite IX; ae, median lobe of aedeagus; lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere.; tVIII, tergite of abdominal segment VIII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159681/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
; lobe apex narrowed from edge of ostial opening to narrowly rounded, subacuminate tip).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34154D08845844492F960CCFDC0FAB5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE4075B8845844392F960CCFDF6FCFE" blockId="3.[144,560,145,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844392F960CCFE96FD8F" bold="true" box="[168,322,509,533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The male specimen bears locality information: HI: Maui Is. Haleakala, Waikamoi N.C.P.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA3AABE884584439390630BFDD8FDC8" box="[449,524,570,594]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1760.0">1760 m</quantity>
|
||
el.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F619C8845844392C16368FEDDFDEB" box="[144,265,601,625]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="47.21" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" precision="9" value="20.786833">20°47.21´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F619C8845844393426368FE75FDEB" box="[275,417,601,625]" degrees="156" direction="west" minutes="13.82" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" precision="9" value="-156.23033">156°13.82´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE5219B8845844393FE6368FDFFFDEB" box="[431,555,601,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" value="2002-03-12">12-iii-2002</date>
|
||
, R. Takumi [Kaholoaa], pyrethrin fog mossy Ohia. The specimen was found in association with
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5DCCD28845844393176384FE0CFD56" box="[326,472,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
each of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844392C163E3FE06FD70" authority="Liebherr" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2000" box="[144,466,722,746]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abaxoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844392C163E3FEA3FD70" box="[144,375,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Blackburnia abaxoides</emphasis>
|
||
Liebherr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443938B63E2FF0FFC93" authority="(Sharp)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fracta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443938B63E2FDE4FD71" box="[474,560,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fracta</emphasis>
|
||
(Sharp)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443935D63C3FDD7FC93" authority="(Sharp)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[268,515,753,777]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sphodriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443935D63C3FE60FC93" box="[268,436,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. sphodriformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Sharp)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5DCCD28845844392C1623EFEDBFCBD" box="[144,271,783,807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844393636221FE2AFCBD" authority="(Blackburn)" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[306,510,783,807]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erro">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844393636221FEAFFCBD" box="[306,379,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. erro</emphasis>
|
||
(Blackburn)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The newly reported locality is only slightly downhill from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E0B9F9884584439301627CFEA9FCFF" box="[336,381,845,869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13601BDE88458443938C627DFDC2FCFE" box="[477,534,844,868]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,216,671,695]" captionTargetBox="[199,958,146,645]" captionTargetId="figure-55@4.[191,961,144,651]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Known localities of the three Maui species in the five-species clade including Blackburnia fulgida: B. kauwa (N), B. fulgida (¢), B. insociabilis (l). Type locality of B. fulgida indicated by asterisk (*)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159683/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig.2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE4075B8845844492F9625BFDC0FAB5" blockId="3.[144,560,145,1567]" lastBlockId="4.[144,560,1273,1328]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844392F9625BFE10FC19" bold="true" box="[168,452,874,899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Phylogenetic placement.</emphasis>
|
||
Cladistic analysis under parsimony using Nona running within Winclada resulted in 1727 equally parsimonious trees of 1137- step length after 5000 ratchet iterations, and 3085 trees of the same length in the 10,000 iteration analysis; sets of equally parsimonious trees of length equal to those previously reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA884584439382656FFE90FB0E" author="Liebherr, J. K. & N. Porch" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="191 - 213" refId="ref2512" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and N. Porch. 2015. Reassembling a lost lowland carabid beetle assemblage (Coleoptera) from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. Intertebrate Systematics 29: 191 - 213." type="journal article" year="2015">Liebherr and Porch (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Hard collapsing these trees to eliminate all trees ambiguously supported under fast or slow optimizations left 827 unambiguously optimized trees for the 5000 ratchet run, versus 1143 unambiguously optimized trees in the 10,000 ratchet analysis. Strict consensus of trees in both subanalyses collapses 26 nodes, resulting in a 1225-step consensus tree with relationships also identical to that reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA884584439360649DFDF9FA5E" author="Liebherr, J. K. & N. Porch" box="[305,557,1452,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="191 - 213" refId="ref2512" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and N. Porch. 2015. Reassembling a lost lowland carabid beetle assemblage (Coleoptera) from Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. Intertebrate Systematics 29: 191 - 213." type="journal article" year="2015">Liebherr and Porch (2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2B). In the five-species clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13601BDE8845844393BA64FBFDF7FA79" box="[491,547,1482,1507]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[144,217,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[248,889,815,1036]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[246,905,783,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Cladistic relationships among the five species of the monophyletic group including Blackburnia fulgida, along with distribution areas, and elevational ranges of collected specimens. Abbreviations: WM, West Maui; EM, East Maui, i.e. Haleakala; Mk, Molokai; L, Lanai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844392C164DBFF2CF99B" box="[144,248,1513,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844392C164DBFF2CF99B" box="[144,248,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is adelphotaxon to the threespecies clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844393756739FE63F985" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[292,439,1543,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844393756739FE63F985" box="[292,439,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844393946739FDBAFF33" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[453,622,146,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844393946739FDBAFF33" box="[453,622,146,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fraudator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390DA61A3FD37FF33" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[651,739,145,169]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390DA61A3FD37FF33" box="[651,739,145,169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. filipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)). All of these species are distributed on fragments of Maui Nui, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390D761FFFD39FF7C" box="[646,749,206,230]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390D761FFFD39FF7C" box="[646,749,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443917561FFFC6EFF7C" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[804,954,206,230]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443917561FFFC6EFF7C" box="[804,954,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both distributed on Haleakala, East Maui (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13601BDE88458443919961DDFD89FEB9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[144,217,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[248,889,815,1036]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[246,905,783,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Cladistic relationships among the five species of the monophyletic group including Blackburnia fulgida, along with distribution areas, and elevational ranges of collected specimens. Abbreviations: WM, West Maui; EM, East Maui, i.e. Haleakala; Mk, Molokai; L, Lanai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390F7603AFC94FEB8" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[678,832,266,290]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390F7603AFC94FEB8" box="[678,832,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
locality records are widespread from Olinda to Kipahulu Valley, at elevations from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA3AABE88458443911B6076FC10FEC5" box="[842,964,327,351]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1625" metricValueMax="1.425" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1162.5" valueMax="1425.0" valueMin="900.0">900–1425 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8845844391816076FC5CFEE4" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390F660B4FCDAFE06" box="[679,782,388,412]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390F660B4FCDAFE06" box="[679,782,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
localities range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA3AABE8845844390016093FD02FE20" box="[592,726,418,442]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.805" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1805.0" valueMax="1850.0" valueMin="1760.0">1760–1850 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation. Within that elevational range,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5DCCD288458443908460F0FCB4FE43" box="[725,864,449,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
was collected from underneath a loose bark flap of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443900160CFFD1FFD8C" box="[592,715,510,534]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443900160CFFD1FFD8C" box="[592,715,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Acacia koa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tree, and the second from a mossy Ohia branch; both situations within the Koa/Ohia Montane Wet Forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8845844390066368FC81FDEB" author="Gagne, W. C. & L. W. Cuddihy" box="[599,853,601,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="45 - 114" refId="ref2393" refString="Gagne, W. C., and L. W. Cuddihy. 1990. Vegetation. In Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., and Sohmer, S. H. (eds). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i. University of Hawaii Press / Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu: pp. 45 - 114." type="book chapter" year="1990">Gagné and Cuddihy 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus based on available evidence, sympatry between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443918A6349FD13FD34" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443918A6349FD13FD34" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390AB63A7FCB4FD34" box="[762,864,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390AB63A7FCB4FD34" box="[762,864,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be allopatrically dissected by elevation, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443900163E2FD67FD70" box="[592,691,722,746]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443900163E2FD67FD70" box="[592,691,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found near the upper reaches of the montane forest approaching treeline. Elevational occurrences of the other three species in this clade match that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844391E7621FFD66FCFE" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844391E7621FFD66FCFE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with these species occurring within cloud forest habitats at elevations between 605 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA3AABE88458443915162B8FC9AFC3A" box="[768,846,905,929]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1280.0">1280 m</quantity>
|
||
. That
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844391DD62BBFC24FC3B" box="[908,1008,905,929]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844391DD62BBFC24FC3B" box="[908,1008,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can occupy high elevation forest well above
|
||
<quantity id="4CA3AABE8845844390C362F7FD0BFC47" box="[658,735,966,990]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation is made possible by the greater stature of Haleakala. That this species is not known to extend to lower elevation forest conversely suggests that the ecological preference of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844391DF6571FC24FBCD" box="[910,1008,1087,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844391DF6571FC24FBCD" box="[910,1008,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
centers on the higher elevation Koa/Ohia Montane Wet Forest that can be characterized by lower levels of rainfall, and also deeper, more well-aerated soils housing symbiotic mycorrhizal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443911665E6FC24FB75" authorityName="Jordan" authorityYear="1982" box="[839,1008,1239,1263]" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Bradyrhizobiaceae" genus="Bradyrhizobium" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Rhizobiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443911665E6FC24FB75" box="[839,1008,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Bradyrhizobium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34C47CB88458443900165C7FD40FA94" box="[592,660,1270,1294]" name="Jordan" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
bacteria that support
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443912A65C7FCB8FAB6" authority="(Nakao and Kitayama 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Nakao and Kitayama" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443912A65C7FC24FA94" box="[891,1008,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Acacia koa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8845844390066425FCB1FAB6" author="Nakao, P. & K. Kitayama" box="[599,869,1300,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="400 - 403" refId="ref2588" refString="Nakao, P., and K. Kitayama. 1996. Distribution of Bradyrhizobium spp. and endemic leguminous tree Acacia koa along an altitudinal transect on the windward slope of Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii. Biotropica 28: 400 - 403." type="journal article" year="1996">Nakao and Kitayama 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Haleakala is the only mountain of Maui Nui tall enough to house such high-elevation mixed Koa/ Ohia forest. Both Lanai and Molokai lack any habitats of this elevation, and Puu Kukui, West Maui attains
|
||
<quantity id="4CA3AABE88458443916C649DFC5DFA5E" box="[829,905,1452,1476]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1760.0">1760 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation, but has only limited tracts of low-stature Ohia Montane Wet Forest near its summit (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8845844390D46736FC72F985" author="Gagne, W. C. & L. W. Cuddihy" box="[645,934,1543,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="45 - 114" refId="ref2393" refString="Gagne, W. C., and L. W. Cuddihy. 1990. Vegetation. In Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., and Sohmer, S. H. (eds). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i. University of Hawaii Press / Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu: pp. 45 - 114." type="book chapter" year="1990">Gagné and Cuddihy 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88842844492C165CBFF22FA8B" box="[144,246,1273,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498842844492C165CBFF22FA8B" box="[144,246,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stands out as a high-elevation specialist among species of this clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |