168 lines
19 KiB
XML
168 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="05C82B8A6A0560298A957E7E6EA85156" ID-CLB-Dataset="28036" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4508.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e57989de-b831-4579-a927-b5328e3e1006" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2607300" ID-ZooBank="65091435-1EC0-4886-A39B-1301C5A65DD8" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553586179905" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chakraborty, Oishinee, Raghunathan, C. & Chandra, Kailash" docDate="2018" docId="03D387BEFF973F7BFF6EDA5CFA0D2880" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4508.3.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4508 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Distichopora violacea" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="440" masterDocId="FFEAFFC6FF973F7AFFF9DD6FFF912F43" masterDocTitle="New record of Hydrozoa Distichopora violacea (Pallas, 1766) (Anthoathecata: Stylasteridae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="439" pageNumber="439" updateTime="1698713091126" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7A3AC08130122D672677994929AAA77C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="038BDEBD7687CE01641FD0A13DDF662F">
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<mods:title id="4271BEA4968D7AC8B2D82A2BAB3FAC39">New record of Hydrozoa Distichopora violacea (Pallas, 1766) (Anthoathecata: Stylasteridae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1017FCB1D3462DFE6396DEB28645636D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9EA331C979B01E8759EC353576A9CC88">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D75513D779653A6AA524E228D8FC141E">Chakraborty, Oishinee</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9D8C7D1F9E252ACEB66CDA856B6CE1F2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="25C571A41292B726F9EFE8D74EEFCBB8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3D2E3A9BF7EF42FC4D8829338BF56B28">Raghunathan, C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="29423D1FC31DFFEBA44BE8592146FAF3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C54BB61BF9E9D3E190EF3A7E244DFAF3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8587931E9B17A2320A799DCCFC74B454">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1DCAF1AD56EAF324F7B4276A69082B31">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E6912225A8D03B9286E45E7DBB581B07">
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<mods:title id="2E72024741AC71DDEAC475EBA1281D41">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FF8CBF9E14060BBC4B77FB10290B802B">
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<mods:date id="54D8CCA63A594384D63553A57B2325DC">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C8E83B7C34BE855D5C7C5E44A13500EC" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="2EB5DB92C19F999A1258E4FA6A03E908">2018-11-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D71E1DDC3280E14D2304130606B26DF1">4508</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D777BB47B077FF2535A4112362363157" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5EF063F7AE39518C4C10AADE70102C07">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C42B15724B83EAA81D599B42E3D47743">439</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="BFCB6DCAC356E603487B4BF69A4DD8BB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0ACD256914EA77C229A2891D28692559" type="CLB-Dataset">28036</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EF09E1AE284F9EB4953BBFC541E5EC78" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4508.3.8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D387BEFF973F7BFF6EDA5CFA0D2880" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966495" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D387BEFF973F7BFF6EDA5CFA0D2880" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D387BEFF973F7BFF6EDA5CFA0D2880" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="440" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
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<subSubSection id="C3606523FF973F7AFF6EDA5CFC072829" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC536A8FF973F7AFF6EDA5CFD3C280E" blockId="0.[151,1435,1566,2034]" box="[151,685,1843,1869]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
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<emphasis id="B90EEABAFF973F7AFF6EDA5CFD3C280E" bold="true" box="[151,685,1843,1869]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D2BFF973F7AFF6EDA5CFDDD280E" ID-CoL="36XSK" authority="(Pallas, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[151,588,1843,1869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Distichopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<emphasis id="B90EEABAFF973F7AFF6EDA5CFE0F280E" bold="true" box="[151,414,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Distichopora violacea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B59FF973F7AFE54DA5CFDD5280E" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[429,580,1843,1869]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" refId="ref1673" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Apud Petrum van Cleef, Hagae Comitum, 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13412A2DFF973F7AFDA5DA5CFD34280E" box="[604,677,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[157,1427,201,1163]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,194,1169]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distichopora violacea (Pallas, 1766). a, In situ photograph of specimen. b, Coenosteum. Scale equals 2mm. c, Characteristic pore rows showing gastropores (Gp), and datylopore (Dp). Scale equals 500 µm. d, Ampulla (Ap). Scale equals 2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607304/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC536A8FF973F7AFF6EDA3AFC072829" blockId="0.[151,1435,1566,2034]" box="[151,918,1877,1898]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
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For an exhaustive list of synonyms, refer to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B59FF973F7AFDC4DA3AFD4D2829" author="Boschma, H." box="[573,732,1877,1898]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="121 - 171" refId="ref1112" refString="Boschma, H. (1959) Revision of the Indo-Pacific species of the genus Distichopora. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 29, 121 - 171." type="journal article" year="1959">Boschma (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B59FF973F7AFCF2DA3AFC032829" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[779,914,1877,1898]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" pagination="427 - 508" refId="ref1169" refString="Cairns, S. D. (1983) A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. Description of the genera. Bulletin of Marine Science, 33 (2), 427 - 508." type="journal article" year="1983">Cairns (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3606523FF973F7AFF6EDA1CFA0328B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC536A8FF973F7AFF6EDA1CFA0328B1" blockId="0.[151,1435,1566,2034]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">
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<emphasis id="B90EEABAFF973F7AFF6EDA1CFEE428C9" bold="true" box="[151,373,1907,1930]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439">Material examined.</emphasis>
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One specimen
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<quantity id="4C829B4DFF973F7AFDE3DA1CFDF428C9" box="[538,613,1907,1930]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" unit="mm" value="71.0">71 mm</quantity>
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high and
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<quantity id="4C829B4DFF973F7AFD37DA1CFCB728C9" box="[718,806,1907,1930]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" unit="mm" value="112.0">112 mm</quantity>
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wide, Rifleman Island (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4E506FFF973F7AFBDFDA1CFB2728C9" box="[1062,1206,1907,1930]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" precision="1" value="11.51395">11.513950°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4E506FFF973F7AFB45DA1CFADD28C9" box="[1212,1356,1907,1930]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" precision="1" value="92.64612">92.646117°E</geoCoordinate>
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), South Andaman,
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<date id="FFC41068FF973F7AFEE9DAF9FE1528EE" box="[272,388,1942,1965]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" value="2015-11-06">06.xi.2015</date>
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, 15 m deep (ZSI/ANRC-15940); one specimen
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<quantity id="4C829B4DFF973F7AFC67DAF9FC7C28EE" box="[926,1005,1942,1965]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
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high and
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<quantity id="4C829B4DFF973F7AFB9ADAF9FB2028EE" box="[1123,1201,1942,1965]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" unit="mm" value="68.0">68 mm</quantity>
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wide, Craggy Island (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4E506FFF973F7AFF67DAD7FEBE288C" box="[158,303,1976,1999]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" precision="1" value="13.226467">13.226467°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4E506FFF973F7AFEC1DAD7FE59288C" box="[312,456,1976,1999]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" precision="1" value="93.05745">93.057450°E</geoCoordinate>
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), North Andaman,
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<date id="FFC41068FF973F7AFD63DAD7FC87288C" box="[666,790,1976,1999]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" value="2016-07-21">21.vii.2016</date>
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, 8 m deep (ZSI/ANRC-15944); one specimen
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<quantity id="4C829B4DFF973F7AFAEFDAD7FAF2288C" box="[1302,1379,1976,1999]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
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high and
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<quantity id="4C829B4DFF973F7AFF3DDAB4FE9E28B1" box="[196,271,2011,2034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
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wide, Nancowry Island (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4E506FFF973F7AFDE2DAB4FD3A28B1" box="[539,683,2011,2034]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" precision="1" value="7.997367">07.997367°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4E506FFF973F7AFD4ADAB4FCD228B1" box="[691,835,2011,2034]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" precision="1" value="93.50948">93.509483°E</geoCoordinate>
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), Nicobar,
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<date id="FFC41068FF973F7AFC4EDAB4FBA228B1" box="[951,1075,2011,2034]" pageId="0" pageNumber="439" value="2015-12-22">22.xii.2015</date>
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, 20 m deep (ZSI/ANRC-15946).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF056620FF963F7BFF6ED801FECB2AE2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607302/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" startId="1.[151,244,1390,1412]" targetBox="[151,1224,238,1302]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BC536A8FF963F7BFF6ED801FECB2AE2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1390,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis id="B90EEABAFF963F7BFF6ED801FEB22AC7" bold="true" box="[151,291,1390,1412]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">FIGURE 1. a,</emphasis>
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Location of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean.
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<emphasis id="B90EEABAFF963F7BFC74D801FC0B2AC7" bold="true" box="[909,922,1390,1412]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">b</emphasis>
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, Survey sites—1. Craggy Island; 2. Rifileman Island; 3. Nancowry Island.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3606523FF963F7BFF3ED8A9FC3929EE" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC536A8FF963F7BFF3ED8A9FC3929EE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1478,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis id="B90EEABAFF963F7BFF3ED8A9FEC32A9E" bold="true" box="[199,338,1478,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Description.</emphasis>
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Colonies fan shaped. Branches blunt tipped in the plane of fan. Colony base usually broad and encrusting. Coenosteum violet, some with white faded tips. Coenosteum structure variable; tuberculate to linearimbricate. Gastropores and dactylopores do not form distinct cyclosystems but are arranged in pore rows restricted to lateral branches and sometimes occur on branch faces near base. Gastropores arranged unilinearly, flanked by dactylopores (
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<figureCitation id="13412A2DFF963F7BFECBDB3EFE17292B" box="[306,390,1617,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[157,1427,201,1163]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,194,1169]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distichopora violacea (Pallas, 1766). a, In situ photograph of specimen. b, Coenosteum. Scale equals 2mm. c, Characteristic pore rows showing gastropores (Gp), and datylopore (Dp). Scale equals 500 µm. d, Ampulla (Ap). Scale equals 2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607304/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
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). Gastropores never lipped and usually round or polygonal in shape,
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<quantity id="4C829B4DFF963F7BFB65DB3EFA9D292B" box="[1180,1292,1617,1640]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" unit="mm" value="0.183">0.183 mm</quantity>
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in diameter. Dactylopores arranged perpendicular to gastropores, forming longitudinal slits;
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<quantity id="4C829B4DFF963F7BFBFDDB1BFBE229C8" box="[1028,1139,1652,1675]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" unit="mm" value="0.114">0.114 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="4C829B4DFF963F7BFB1EDB1BFAC629C8" box="[1255,1367,1652,1675]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" unit="mm" value="0.061">0.061 mm</quantity>
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wide. Gastrostyles present. Dactylostyles absent, ampullae superficial (
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<figureCitation id="13412A2DFF963F7BFCB5DBF9FC0D29EE" box="[844,924,1686,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[157,1427,201,1163]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,194,1169]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distichopora violacea (Pallas, 1766). a, In situ photograph of specimen. b, Coenosteum. Scale equals 2mm. c, Characteristic pore rows showing gastropores (Gp), and datylopore (Dp). Scale equals 500 µm. d, Ampulla (Ap). Scale equals 2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607304/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3606523FF963F7BFF3EDBD6FA0D2880" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BC536A8FF963F7BFF3EDBD6FD7E2993" blockId="1.[151,1436,1478,1987]" box="[199,751,1721,1744]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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<emphasis id="B90EEABAFF963F7BFF3EDBD6FEC82993" bold="true" box="[199,345,1721,1744]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F36D7638FF963F7BFEA6DBD6FE0B2993" box="[351,410,1721,1744]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">India</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49BEF84AFF963F7BFE5DDBD6FD7A2993" box="[420,747,1721,1744]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC536A8FF963F7BFF3EDBB3FC9F29B0" blockId="1.[151,1436,1478,1987]" box="[199,782,1756,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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Elsewhere: Indo-Pacific. (GBIF 2017,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B59FF963F7BFD9CDBB3FC9729B0" author="Boschma, H." box="[613,774,1756,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" pagination="121 - 171" refId="ref1112" refString="Boschma, H. (1959) Revision of the Indo-Pacific species of the genus Distichopora. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 29, 121 - 171." type="journal article" year="1959">Boschma 1959</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC536A8FF963F7BFF3EDB91FA0D2880" blockId="1.[151,1436,1478,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">
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Lace corals are poorly studied in
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<collectingCountry id="F36D7638FF963F7BFDD4DB91FDF52856" box="[557,612,1790,1813]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">India</collectingCountry>
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as they are cryptic and small in size and predominantly occur in deep water, thus making them difficult to access. Also, no literature pertaining to their description or identification to the species level has been made so far from the Indian waters. The specimens were found from North Andaman to Nicobar, being frequent occurrence in that region. Of the 27 genera reported around the world (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B59FF963F7BFC01DA09FB11283E" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[1016,1152,1894,1917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" pagination="1 - 361" refId="ref1140" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2015) Stylasteridae of the New Caledonian region. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 207, 1 - 361." type="journal article" year="2015">Cairns 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), only 2 genera have been mentioned from
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<collectingCountry id="F36D7638FF963F7BFEA9DAE6FE1628E3" box="[336,391,1929,1952]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B59FF963F7BFE6EDAE6FD2928E3" author="Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. & Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R." box="[407,696,1928,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" refId="ref2145" refString="Venkataraman, K., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C. R. (2012) Marine biodiversity in India. Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 164 pp." type="book" year="2012">
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Venkataraman
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<emphasis id="B90EEABAFF963F7BFDC5DAE6FDE428E3" box="[572,629,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Sluka
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<emphasis id="B90EEABAFF963F7BFCF4DAE6FCD728E3" box="[781,838,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="440">et al.</emphasis>
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2011). This illustrates the need for further studies on hydrozoans in general, and the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D2BFF963F7BFDD6DAC3FD292880" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[559,696,1964,1987]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="440" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Stylasteridae</taxonomicName>
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in particular, in order to document their diversity from Indian waters.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |