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<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.050.0207" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910522" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683578453598" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Davies, Gregory B. P. &amp; Miller, Raymond M." docDate="2009" docId="03D3878AFF81CC54FE397A9EFBECFA52" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.50.2.295-320.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 50 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.050.0207" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pachycerina potentilla Davies &amp; Miller 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="316" masterDocId="FFEAFFF2FF94CC41FFD77A50FF9AFFA5" masterDocTitle="Revision of Afrotropical Pachycerina Macquart (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="295" masterPageNumber="295" pageNumber="316" updateTime="1683601392865" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of Afrotropical Pachycerina Macquart (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Davies, Gregory B. P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Miller, Raymond M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-12-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>50</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>295</mods:start>
<mods:end>295</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.050.0207</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.050.0207</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7910522</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3878AFF81CC54FE397A9EFBECFA52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3878AFF81CC54FE397A9EFBECFA52" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
<subSubSection box="[494,829,206,231]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" box="[494,829,206,231]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
<heading box="[494,829,206,231]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="Davies &amp; Miller, 2009" authorityName="Davies &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2009" box="[494,763,206,231]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Pachycerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potentilla" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[494,763,206,231]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Pachycerina potentilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[769,829,206,231]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="316" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" box="[578,745,246,271]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
<figureCitation box="[578,663,246,271]" captionStart="Figs 1722" captionStartId="11.[182,221,1575,1595]" captionTargetBox="[219,1126,385,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-103@11.[219,1126,385,1560]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 1722. Posterior view of male terminalia: (17) Pachycerina potentilla sp. n.; (18) Pachycerina pellocera sp. n.; (19) Pachycerina atrimela sp. n.; (20) Pachycerina obscuripennis Lamb; (21) Pachycerina seychellensis Lamb; (22) Pachycerina nigrivittata sp. n.Abbreviations: pro protandrium, epa epandrium, sur surstylus. Scale bar = 0.8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910542/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Figs 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[675,705,246,271]" captionStart="Figs 2833" captionStartId="16.[144,183,1577,1597]" captionTargetBox="[179,1064,857,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-238@16.[179,1064,857,1562]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 2833. Dorsal view of male inner genitalia: (28) Pachycerina obscuripennis Lamb; (29) Pachycerina potentilla sp. n.; (30) Pachycerina stuckenbergi sp. n.; (31) Pachycerina atrimela sp. n.; (32) Pachycerina gabela sp. n.; (33) Pachycerina pellocera sp. n. Abbreviation: aed apo aedeagal apodeme. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910548/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[717,745,246,271]" captionStart="Figs 3948" captionStartId="20.[144,183,1577,1597]" captionTargetBox="[152,1101,565,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-191@20.[152,1101,565,1558]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 3948. Sternite 5 of male Pachycerina species: (39) P. vaga Adams; (40) P. nigrivittata sp. n.; (41) P. gabela sp. n.; (42) P. atrimela sp. n.; (43) P. pellocera sp. n.; (44) P. stuckenbergi sp. n.; (45) P. crinicornis (Thomson); (46) P. potentilla sp. n.; (47) P.seychellensis Lamb; (48) P. micropunctata sp. n. Abbreviation: post proc posterior process. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910554/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">46</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
Etymology: From the Latin
<emphasis box="[507,580,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">potens</emphasis>
(powerful or strong), in reference to the intense black pigmentation of the body markings (vittae), which makes this a visually striking taxon, even when viewed with the naked eye.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
Diagnosis: The pronounced intensity of the black body markings is distinctive contrasting starkly with the yellow body colour. The elongated black ocellar spot, infuscation of the outer (lateral) half of scape and pedicel, largely black abdomen and lack of medial spur on S5 are also notable.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Davies &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2009" box="[495,629,486,510]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Pachycerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potentilla">
<emphasis box="[495,629,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">P. potentilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the island of
<collectingCountry box="[935,1049,486,511]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
, Gulf of
<collectingCountry box="[181,265,518,543]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, West Africa and is the only
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Macquart" authorityYear="1835" box="[586,728,518,542]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Pachycerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[586,728,518,542]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Pachycerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded from this island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" box="[181,321,558,583]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis box="[181,242,598,622]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Head</emphasis>
: Fronto-orbital plates dark brown to black, contrasting with yellow of postfrons. Ocellar spot black, noticeably elongated extending halfway down postfrons. Prefrontal spots large, black and touching prefrons laterally. Lateral side of pedicel and scape orange-brown (infuscated), inner side yellow. Postpedicel yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis box="[181,261,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Thorax</emphasis>
: Patterning intensely coloured. Scutum with prominent, black acrostichal, dorsocentral and presutural vittae. Posteriorly, acrostichal and dorsocentral vittae coalesce. Upper lateral vitta running longitudinally from lower half of humeral callus posteriorly to postnotum. Lower lateral vitta running along dorsal margin of sternopleuron. Procoxa lightly infuscated, profemur lightly infuscated (but inner face yellow), protibia and protarsus heavily infuscated (black). Remaining legs all yellow, no infuscation, including tarsus (except darkened meso- and metapretarsus). Wing with anterior third of wing infuscated. Haltere pale yellow, distal knob weakly infuscated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis box="[181,287,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Brownish black, T6 predominantly yellow with large, paired black spots. Sternites yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
Male terminalia (
<figureCitation box="[377,466,1059,1084]" captionStart="Figs 1722" captionStartId="11.[182,221,1575,1595]" captionTargetBox="[219,1126,385,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-103@11.[219,1126,385,1560]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 1722. Posterior view of male terminalia: (17) Pachycerina potentilla sp. n.; (18) Pachycerina pellocera sp. n.; (19) Pachycerina atrimela sp. n.; (20) Pachycerina obscuripennis Lamb; (21) Pachycerina seychellensis Lamb; (22) Pachycerina nigrivittata sp. n.Abbreviations: pro protandrium, epa epandrium, sur surstylus. Scale bar = 0.8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910542/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Figs 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[479,509,1059,1084]" captionStart="Figs 2833" captionStartId="16.[144,183,1577,1597]" captionTargetBox="[179,1064,857,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-238@16.[179,1064,857,1562]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 2833. Dorsal view of male inner genitalia: (28) Pachycerina obscuripennis Lamb; (29) Pachycerina potentilla sp. n.; (30) Pachycerina stuckenbergi sp. n.; (31) Pachycerina atrimela sp. n.; (32) Pachycerina gabela sp. n.; (33) Pachycerina pellocera sp. n. Abbreviation: aed apo aedeagal apodeme. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910548/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[523,556,1059,1084]" captionStart="Figs 3948" captionStartId="20.[144,183,1577,1597]" captionTargetBox="[152,1101,565,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-191@20.[152,1101,565,1558]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 3948. Sternite 5 of male Pachycerina species: (39) P. vaga Adams; (40) P. nigrivittata sp. n.; (41) P. gabela sp. n.; (42) P. atrimela sp. n.; (43) P. pellocera sp. n.; (44) P. stuckenbergi sp. n.; (45) P. crinicornis (Thomson); (46) P. potentilla sp. n.; (47) P.seychellensis Lamb; (48) P. micropunctata sp. n. Abbreviation: post proc posterior process. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910554/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">46</figureCitation>
): S5 with straight posterior processes and lacking a medial spur. Surstyli about equal in length to epandrium. Gonopods asymmetric, right gonopod with small lateral spinule (not shown in illustration). Left gonopod with small tuft of setulae laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis box="[181,345,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Measurements</emphasis>
: ơ (n=2), ^(n=2): head length ơ 0.7, ^0.7; thorax length (incl. scutellum) ơ 2.0, ^1.9; abdomen ơ not measured, ^1.6; wing length ơ 3.7, ^3.8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" box="[181,1047,1284,1307]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
<materialsCitation box="[181,1047,1284,1307]" collectingDate="1999-06-07" collectingDateMax="1999-06-08" collectingDateMin="1999-06-07" collectionCode="NMWC" collectorName="A. Polaszek" country="Sao Tome and Principe" latitude="0.28333333" location="Bom Successo" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="6.633333" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[181,269,1287,1307]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ơ
<collectingCountry box="[297,416,1287,1307]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">SÃO TOMÉ</collectingCountry>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3878AFF81CC54FE397A9EFBECFA52:8EA56047FF81CC54FE7F7F57FDB6FABE" box="[424,556,1287,1307]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" latitude="0.28333333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="6.633333" name="Bom Successo" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Bom Successo</location>
[
<geoCoordinate box="[568,636,1284,1307]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" precision="925" value="0.28333333">0°17'N</geoCoordinate>
:
<geoCoordinate box="[639,704,1284,1307]" degrees="6" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" precision="925" value="6.633333">6°38'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date box="[719,830,1287,1307]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" value="1999-06-07" valueMax="1999-06-08" valueMin="1999-06-07">
<collectingDate box="[719,830,1287,1307]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" value="1999-06-07" valueMax="1999-06-08" valueMin="1999-06-07">78.vi.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[838,947,1287,1307]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">A. Polaszek</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[959,1037,1287,1307]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1932-11-06" collectingDateMax="1999-06-08" collectingDateMin="1999-06-07" collectionCode="NMWC, BMNH" collectorName="W. H. Tams" country="Sao Tome and Principe" latitude="-0.33333334" location="Bom Successo" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="6.6666665" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Tome">
<typeStatus box="[181,414,1316,1336]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Other material examined</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry box="[424,543,1316,1336]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">SÃO TOMÉ</collectingCountry>
: 3^same data as holotype (
<collectionCode box="[806,884,1316,1336]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
); 2ơ
<collectingRegion box="[934,1060,1316,1336]" country="Sao Tome and Principe" name="Sao Tome" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">1^São Tomé</collectingRegion>
[
<geoCoordinate box="[1074,1138,1314,1337]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" precision="925" value="-0.33333334">0°20'S</geoCoordinate>
:
<geoCoordinate box="[181,258,1338,1361]" degrees="06" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" precision="925" value="6.6666665">06°40'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date box="[273,360,1340,1360]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" value="1932-11-06">
<collectingDate box="[273,360,1340,1360]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" value="1932-11-06">6.xi.1932</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[369,470,1340,1360]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">W.H. Tams</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[482,555,1340,1360]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[181,1142,206,1527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">
Comment:
<bibRefCitation author="SIMMONDS, F. J." box="[307,552,1374,1399]" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" pagination="19 - 30" refId="ref16512" refString="SIMMONDS, F. J. 1969. Some insects and other arthropods collected in Sao Tome and Principe, Portuguese West Africa. Technical Bulletin of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control 11: 19 - 30." type="journal article" year="1969">Simmonds (1969: 26)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName box="[664,838,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Pachycerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
<emphasis box="[664,838,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">P. seychellensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry box="[907,1079,1374,1399]" name="Principe Island" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Principé Island</collectingCountry>
, Gulf of
<collectingCountry box="[213,298,1406,1431]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">Guinea</collectingCountry>
. The whereabouts of this material is not known to us, but on distributional grounds this identification is highly questionable, and it is likely that Simmonds had collected specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Davies &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2009" box="[440,573,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Pachycerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potentilla">
<emphasis box="[440,573,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="316">P. potentilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or a new, undescribed species. Simmonds putative record is the source of the entry ?Principe in the Afrotropical Catalogue (Miller 1980).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>