plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/AC/B9/03ACB915FFAB7421FF4E40BDFC71F93F.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

240 lines
30 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792236" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bed073a-175c-42e6-bb99-645c99d55b4f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163971378" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792236" ID-ZooBank="C631A347-306E-4773-84A4-E4712329186B" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A5F26A49-0CFA-4787-9533-5E048DD68BCA" checkinTime="1587984202003" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Miller, Jeremy, Griswold, Charles &amp; Yin, Chang" docDate="2009" docId="03ACB915FFAB7421FF4E40BDFC71F93F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_1993.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 11 (11)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@52c7884c" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Symphytognathidae Hickman 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FF95C16DFF9F7414FFC2455DFFF1FFB8" masterDocTitle="The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers" masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="9" pageId="52" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1635491590422" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Miller, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Griswold, Charles</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>California Academy of Sciences ,, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yin, Chang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University ,, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-05-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>11</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>11</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>9</mods:start>
<mods:end>195</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.11.160</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6bed073a-175c-42e6-bb99-645c99d55b4f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576459</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C631A347-306E-4773-84A4-E4712329186B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792236" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163971378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792236" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A5F26A49-0CFA-4787-9533-5E048DD68BCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACB915FFAB7421FF4E40BDFC71F93F" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="52" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection box="[140,664,1504,1530]" pageId="52" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,664,1504,1530]" box="[140,664,1504,1530]" pageId="52" pageNumber="61">
<heading box="[140,664,1504,1530]" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,664,1504,1530]" pageId="52" pageNumber="61">
Family
<taxonomicName authority="Hickman, 1931" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[229,664,1504,1530]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae Hickman, 1931</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="52" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1108,1575,1672]" lastBlockId="53.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="52" pageNumber="61">
Symphytopgnathids are typically characterized by cheliceral fusion, a sternum broadly truncated posteriorly, reduction of the female palp and eye number, and the absence of book lungs (
<bibRefCitation author="Forster RR &amp; Platnick N" box="[317,623,1645,1671]" pageId="52" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref45702" refString="Forster RR, Platnick N (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 2619: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">Forster and Platnick 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Wunderlich J" box="[638,845,1645,1671]" pageId="52" pageNumber="61" pagination="1020 - 1111" refId="ref47368" refString="Wunderlich J (2004) The fossil spiders of the family Anapidae s. l. (Aeaneae) [sic] in Baltic, Dominican and Mexican amber and their extant relatives, with the description of the new subfamily Comarominae. Beitrage zur Araneologie 3: 1020 - 1111." type="journal article" year="2004">Wunderlich 2004</bibRefCitation>
). However, some sym- phytognathid genera have the chelicerae fused only at the base (e.g.,
<taxonomicName authority=", Curmagua Forster and Platnick 1977" authorityName=", Curmagua Forster and Platnick" authorityYear="1977" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[925,976,168,193]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Patu</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[991,1107,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Curmagua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Forster RR &amp; Platnick N" box="[140,442,202,229]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref45702" refString="Forster RR, Platnick N (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 2619: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">Forster and Platnick 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and the distinction between basally fused chelicerae and unfused chelicerae can be subtle. The remaining characters are present in other symphytognathoid families so enumerating synapomorphies for the family is problematic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">
At least the symphytognathid species described here also share with anapids an insertion of the pedicel on the posterior slope of carapace (as typically associated with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[998,1104,343,369]" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
; e.g.
<bibRefCitation author="Jocque R &amp; Dippenaar-Schoeman AS" box="[184,617,378,405]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" refId="ref45985" refString="Jocque R, Dippenaar-Schoeman AS (2006) Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, 336 pp." type="book" year="2006">Jocqué and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006</bibRefCitation>
) rather than the pleural region between carapace and sternum. Epiandrous gland spigots, present in theridiosomatids, mysmenids, and synaphrids, are absent from anapids and symphytognathids.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1995" box="[796,928,448,474]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[796,928,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Crassignatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only symphytognathid in which the male has an abdominal scutum, a trait more typical of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
. The presence of a single tooth-like keel on the chelicerae and the lack of a fang furrow has been used in part to diagnose
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Marusik and Lehtinen" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[510,644,554,580]" class="Arachnida" family="Synaphridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Synaphridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lopardo L &amp; Hormiga G &amp; Melic A" box="[659,880,554,581]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref46353" refString="Lopardo L, Hormiga G, Melic A (2007) Spinneret spigot morphology in synaphrid spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with comments on the systematics of the family and description of a new speices of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain. American Museum Novitates 3556: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2007">Lopardo et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Miller JA" box="[892,1027,554,580]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="21 - 48" refId="ref46457" refString="Miller JA (2007) Synaphridae of Madagascar (Araneae: Araneoidea): A new family record for the Afrotropical region. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 51: 21 - 48." type="journal article" year="2007">Miller 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Some
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Curmagua Forster and Platnick" authorityYear="1977" box="[140,189,590,615]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,189,590,615]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Patu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[203,279,589,616]" captionStart="Figure 69" captionStartId="141.[140,212,1203,1225]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@141.[140,1108,164,1183]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="Figure 69. Patu jidanweishi sp. n. from Chang Yan He, SEM. A-E, male; F, female. A, prosoma, lateral; B, prosoma, anterior, dorsal to left; C, prosoma, lateral, detail showing sulci and lateral eyes; D, detail of sulci, arrows indicate pores; E, fang and distal part of chelicera showing single tooth; F, chelicera removed from prosoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768880/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
E-F) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1995" box="[384,516,589,615]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[384,516,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Crassignatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[531,627,589,615]" captionStart="Figure 78" captionStartId="150.[140,212,1206,1228]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1186]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[140,1108,164,1186]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="Figure 78. SEM. A-D, Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He; E, Crassignatha yinzhi from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; F, Crassignatha quanqu sp. n. from Bang Bie village. A, female chelicera removed from prosoma, note single asymetrically bifid tooth; B, labrum, anterior, female; C, labrum, lateral, female; D, male metatarsus-tarsus joint, arrow indicates tarsal organ; E, epiandrous region; F, prosoma, lateral, male. Arrows in B and C indicate maximum extension of labrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768896/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Fig. 78A</figureCitation>
) species exhibit these same characteristics.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">
Another character of possible interest for circumscribing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[823,1049,624,650]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
concerns the situation of the aggregate gland spigots on a common base (Figs 71D, 85D, 92D;
<bibRefCitation author="Griswold CE &amp; Coddington JA &amp; Hormiga G &amp; Scharff N" box="[207,442,695,721]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref45802" refString="Griswold CE, Coddington JA, Hormiga G, Scharff N (1998) Phylogeny of the orb-web building spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 123: 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1998">Griswold et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
: figs 35D, 36D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">
The presence of a colulus is homoplasious within some symphytognathid genera (
<bibRefCitation author="Forster RR &amp; Platnick N" box="[147,444,765,791]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref45702" refString="Forster RR, Platnick N (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 2619: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">Forster and Platnick 1977</bibRefCitation>
). A colulus is absent at least from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Miller &amp; Griswold &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2009" box="[819,968,765,791]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jidanweishi">
<emphasis box="[819,968,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">P. jidanweishi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1995" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Crassignatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(investigated in
<taxonomicName authority="Miller &amp; Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009" authorityName="Miller &amp; Griswold &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2009" box="[390,507,801,827]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quanqu" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[390,507,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">C. quanqu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[514,575,801,827]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Miller &amp; Griswold &amp; Yin, 2009" authorityName="Miller &amp; Griswold &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2009" box="[632,745,800,827]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longtou" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[632,745,800,827]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">C. longtou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[752,815,801,827]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Some other
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Curmagua Forster and Platnick" authorityYear="1977" box="[974,1025,801,826]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[974,1025,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Patu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species do have a small colulus (e.g.
<bibRefCitation author="Griswold CE &amp; Coddington JA &amp; Hormiga G &amp; Scharff N" box="[464,698,836,862]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref45802" refString="Griswold CE, Coddington JA, Hormiga G, Scharff N (1998) Phylogeny of the orb-web building spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 123: 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1998">Griswold et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
: figs 23A, 37A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">
The symphytognathid species described here are placed in the genera
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Curmagua Forster and Platnick" authorityYear="1977" box="[1004,1055,872,897]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1004,1055,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Patu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Wunderlich, 1995" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1995" box="[140,494,906,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,278,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Crassignatha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Wunderlich J" box="[284,494,906,933]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="543 - 551" refId="ref47317" refString="Wunderlich J (1995) Drei bisher unbekannte Arten und Gattungen der Familie Anapidae (s. l.) aus Sud-Afrika, Brasilien und Malaysia (Arachnida: Araneae). Beitrage zur Araneologie 4: 543 - 551 (date on volume 1994; actually published 1995)." type="journal article" year="1995">Wunderlich, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Curmagua Forster and Platnick" authorityYear="1977" box="[505,556,907,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[505,556,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Patu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a particularly problematic genus. Comparative anatomy of the genitalia across the genus has been rudimentary, a problem exacerbated by the scarcity of material in collections and the minute size of these animals. In practice,
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Curmagua Forster and Platnick" authorityYear="1977" box="[196,247,1012,1037]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[196,247,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Patu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are symphytognathids with minimal fusion of the chelicerae and 1-3 teeth (
<bibRefCitation author="Forster RR" box="[147,296,1047,1074]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="269 - 329" refId="ref45676" refString="Forster RR (1959) The spiders of the family Symphytognathidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86: 269 - 329." type="journal article" year="1959">Forster 1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Forster RR &amp; Platnick N" box="[308,604,1047,1073]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref45702" refString="Forster RR, Platnick N (1977) A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum Novitates 2619: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">Forster and Platnick 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Saaristo MJ" box="[616,774,1047,1074]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" pagination="48 - 52" refId="ref47059" refString="Saaristo MJ (1996) Theridiosomatid spiders of the granitic islands of Seychelles. Phelsuma 4: 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1996">Saaristo 1996</bibRefCitation>
). However, at least two of the
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Curmagua Forster and Platnick" authorityYear="1977" box="[140,191,1083,1108]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[140,191,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Patu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species described here have a distinctive cluster of 2-4 strong setae on the distoventral part of the male tibia II. Similar structures have been described for
<taxonomicName authority="Marples, 1951" authorityName="Marples" authorityYear="1951" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Patu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Patu samoensis</emphasis>
Marples, 1951
</taxonomicName>
and are found in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1995" box="[564,702,1152,1178]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[564,702,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Crassignatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1995" box="[720,858,1152,1178]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[720,858,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Crassignatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was cataloged in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1928" box="[140,287,1188,1214]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mysmenidae</taxonomicName>
, apparently based on the presence of cymbial lobes and mating claspers. However, the distal cymbial tooth found in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1995" box="[656,794,1223,1249]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[656,794,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Crassignatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not interact with the embolus as a functional conductor, as is typically the case in mysmenids. Also, the mating claspers in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1995" box="[351,489,1293,1319]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" genus="Crassignatha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[351,489,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Crassignatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are on the distoventral part of tibia II; mating claspers in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1928" box="[170,314,1328,1354]" class="Arachnida" family="Mysmenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mysmenidae</taxonomicName>
are always found on the prolateral face of metatarsus and/or tibia I.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,1363,1389]" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis box="[185,307,1363,1389]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" box="[323,549,1364,1390]" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
distinguished from other spider families in the Gaoligongshan except
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[398,504,1399,1425]" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: the lack of a female pedipalp (
<figureCitation box="[384,487,1434,1460]" captionStart="Figure 70" captionStartId="142.[140,212,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1184]" captionTargetId="figure@142.[140,1108,164,1184]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="Figure 70. Patu jidanweishi sp. n. from Chang Yan He, SEM of female. A, epigynum, posterior; B, epigynum, lateral, dorsal to the right; C, prosoma, lateral; D, prosoma, anterior, dorsal to the right; E, labrum, anterior; F, labrum, lateral, dorsal to the right. Arrows in E and F indicate maximum extension of labrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768882/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Fig. 70C</figureCitation>
) and male epiandrous gland spigots (
<figureCitation box="[908,1009,1434,1460]" captionStart="Figure 78" captionStartId="150.[140,212,1206,1228]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1186]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[140,1108,164,1186]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="Figure 78. SEM. A-D, Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He; E, Crassignatha yinzhi from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; F, Crassignatha quanqu sp. n. from Bang Bie village. A, female chelicera removed from prosoma, note single asymetrically bifid tooth; B, labrum, anterior, female; C, labrum, lateral, female; D, male metatarsus-tarsus joint, arrow indicates tarsal organ; E, epiandrous region; F, prosoma, lateral, male. Arrows in B and C indicate maximum extension of labrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768896/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Fig. 78E</figureCitation>
), and by the insertion of the pedicel through an opening in the posterior declavity of the carapace (
<figureCitation box="[207,309,1504,1531]" captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="137.[140,212,1261,1283]" captionTargetBox="[180,1098,176,1238]" captionTargetId="figure@137.[140,1108,164,1241]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="Figure 65. A-E, Patu jidanweishi sp. n. from Chang Yan He; F-H, Patu qiqi from QiQi He. A, male, lateral; B, F, female, lateral; C, G, female, dorsal; D, H, female, ventral; E, male leg II, prolateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768872/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Fig. 65B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[322,373,1505,1531]" captionStart="Figure 74" captionStartId="146.[140,212,1125,1147]" captionTargetBox="[163,1101,188,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@146.[140,1109,164,1105]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="Figure 74. Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He. A, male, lateral; B, female, lateral; C, female, dorsal; D, female, ventral; E, male leg II, prolateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768888/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">74B</figureCitation>
); distinguished from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[618,724,1504,1530]" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
by the fusion of the chelicerae at least at the base (
<figureCitation box="[328,426,1539,1566]" captionStart="Figure 69" captionStartId="141.[140,212,1203,1225]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@141.[140,1108,164,1183]" captionTargetPageId="141" captionText="Figure 69. Patu jidanweishi sp. n. from Chang Yan He, SEM. A-E, male; F, female. A, prosoma, lateral; B, prosoma, anterior, dorsal to left; C, prosoma, lateral, detail showing sulci and lateral eyes; D, detail of sulci, arrows indicate pores; E, fang and distal part of chelicera showing single tooth; F, chelicera removed from prosoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768880/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Figs 69F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[438,487,1540,1566]" captionStart="Figure 78" captionStartId="150.[140,212,1206,1228]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1186]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[140,1108,164,1186]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="Figure 78. SEM. A-D, Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He; E, Crassignatha yinzhi from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; F, Crassignatha quanqu sp. n. from Bang Bie village. A, female chelicera removed from prosoma, note single asymetrically bifid tooth; B, labrum, anterior, female; C, labrum, lateral, female; D, male metatarsus-tarsus joint, arrow indicates tarsal organ; E, epiandrous region; F, prosoma, lateral, male. Arrows in B and C indicate maximum extension of labrum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768896/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">78A</figureCitation>
) and by having the aggregate gland spigots arise from a common base (Figs 71D, F, 92D). Like
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[588,694,1575,1601]" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anapidae</taxonomicName>
and unlike most other spiders,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1931" class="Arachnida" family="Symphytognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
typically have the tarsi longer than the metatarsi (
<figureCitation box="[882,986,1610,1636]" captionStart="Figure 74" captionStartId="146.[140,212,1125,1147]" captionTargetBox="[163,1101,188,1093]" captionTargetId="figure@146.[140,1109,164,1105]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="Figure 74. Crassignatha pianma sp. n. from Chang Yan He. A, male, lateral; B, female, lateral; C, female, dorsal; D, female, ventral; E, male leg II, prolateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768888/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">Figs 74E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[998,1048,1610,1636]" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="155.[140,212,1138,1160]" captionTargetBox="[152,1100,178,1110]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[140,1108,164,1118]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="Figure 83. Crassignatha quanqu sp. n. from Bang Bie village. A, male, lateral; B, female, lateral; C, female, dorsal; D, female, ventral; E, male leg II, prolateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3768902/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="62">83E</figureCitation>
), but the tarsi are rarely as much as 1.5 times the length of the metatarsi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink