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<document id="AC9F89826C4F39BFF8D37F2F1BF3C3B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="42366" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3873.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3762132e-7358-44b3-a430-0708f1fe15f5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="229232" ID-ZooBank="7FCB1765-9A81-4BA7-9633-F896B2B808BA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460937074552" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haukisalmi, Voitto, Hardman, Lotta M., Hoberg, Eric P. &amp; Henttonen, Heikki" docDate="2014" docId="0388DB328C6BB87925CFF9FF1FD39339" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03873p415.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3873 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parandrya Gulyaev &amp; Chechulin 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="383" masterDocId="FFB1A34A8C60B8752558FFCC1E559635" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic revision of Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu lato (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="415" masterPageNumber="371" pageNumber="382" updateTime="1698583556843" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AEDC337D873AF2460A72CED16EBF556F">Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic revision of Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu lato (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A08E2907A19A18956263B2823AD1DDBB">Haukisalmi, Voitto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D035CE1F23C4BB10B0BCB8E1EAC713E">Hardman, Lotta M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6FF7E47256A09F455A44E3514C0BF5E9">Hoberg, Eric P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="614A866EEA959810EABB3AC5F997F07B">Henttonen, Heikki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EB3E8778702426CE772FD36AC16D60A1">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E1D7C8B12CDDB798976D6C9B3239B9AF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5D78D90C9D7B7C1D26C28574DCCF6D81">3873</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388DB328C6BB87925CFF9FF1FD39339" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686988" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119590823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5686988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388DB328C6BB87925CFF9FF1FD39339" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388DB328C6BB87925CFF9FF1FD39339" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">
<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C6BB87E25CFF9FF1EBE905B" pageId="11" pageNumber="382" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6BB87E25CFF9FF1C2D9078" blockId="11.[151,632,1587,1646]" box="[151,632,1587,1613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">
<heading id="D0D6DD488C6BB87E25CFF9FF1C2D9078" bold="true" box="[151,632,1587,1613]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="382" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6BB87E25CFF9FF1C2D9078" authority="Gulyaev &amp; Chechulin, 1996" authorityName="Gulyaev &amp; Chechulin" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,632,1587,1613]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="382" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6BB87E25CFF9FF1C2D9078" bold="true" box="[151,632,1587,1613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6BB87E25CFF9FF1F4D9078" bold="true" box="[151,280,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">Parandrya</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB017D58C6BB87E2447F9FF1C2D9078" author="Gulyaev" box="[287,632,1587,1613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382" refString="Gulyaev, V. D. &amp; Chechulin, A. I. (1996) Parandrya feodorovi gen. n., sp. n. - novaya cestoda (Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae) ot polevok Sibiri. Parazitologiya, 30, 132 - 140." type="journal article" year="1996">Gulyaev &amp; Chechulin, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6BB87E25CFF9991EBE905B" blockId="11.[151,632,1587,1646]" box="[151,235,1621,1646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">
(
<figureCitation id="131A76A18C6BB87E25C7F9991EB7905B" box="[159,226,1621,1646]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1766,1788]" captionTargetBox="[150,1425,1336,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[145,1431,1332,1754]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parandrya feodorovi from Microtus sp. from Buryatia (Russia). A. Scolex and neck. B. Mature proglottid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229240/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C6BB87925CFF9511C7B9799" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="11" pageNumber="382" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6BB87925CFF9511A5296E0" blockId="11.[151,1436,1693,2007]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6BB87E25CFF9511F449083" bold="true" box="[151,273,1693,1718]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Strobila relatively long and wide. Scolex prominent, but relatively short. Suckers large, directed anterolaterally. Neck long and wide relative to scolex (minimum width ca. 80% of scolex width), not distinctly set off from scolex. Proglottids distinctly craspedote, transversely elongated (length/width ratio of mature proglottids 10–25%). Genital pores unilateral. Genital ducts pass dorsal to longitudinal osmoregulatory canals. Testes antiporal, porally not extending further than antiporal margin of vitellarium. Testes may overlap antiporal ventral longitudinal canal, but do not extend beyond it. Testes mostly not overlapping ovary. Cirrus sac large, extending across longitudinal ventral canal. Vagina tubiform or widening distally, shorter than cirrus sac, overlapping longitudinal ventral canal, positioned ventral or postero-ventral to cirrus sac. Seminal receptacle elongate. Ovary poral, not reaching ventral longitudinal canals. Vitellarium median or slightly poral with respect to ovary. Early uterus reticulate, anterior, ventral to other organs, with lateral, posteriorly widened, fenestrated “wings”. In arvicoline rodents (
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792437FF701FB396E0" box="[367,486,188,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cricetidae</taxonomicName>
) of the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87927D5FF701CB896E0" box="[653,749,188,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87927D5FF701CB896E0" box="[653,749,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Arvicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879267CFF711DDD96E1" box="[804,904,189,212]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879267CFF711DDD96E1" box="[804,904,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Microtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Eurasia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6CB87925CFFEC91CAB9728" blockId="12.[151,855,260,357]" box="[151,766,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<typeStatus id="549AD4868C6CB87925CFFEC91E9A9728" box="[151,207,261,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879246DFEC91CAB9728" authority="Gulyaev &amp; Chechulin, 1996" authorityName="Gulyaev &amp; Chechulin" authorityYear="1996" box="[309,766,260,285]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="feodorovi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879246DFEC91FEF9728" box="[309,442,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">P. feodorovi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB017D58C6CB879249AFEC81CAB9728" author="Gulyaev" box="[450,766,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Gulyaev, V. D. &amp; Chechulin, A. I. (1996) Parandrya feodorovi gen. n., sp. n. - novaya cestoda (Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae) ot polevok Sibiri. Parazitologiya, 30, 132 - 140." type="journal article" year="1996">Gulyaev &amp; Chechulin, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6CB87925CFFEEB1D749751" blockId="12.[151,855,260,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
Other species:
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792465FEE51CBB9775" authority="Gubanyi &amp; Murai, 2002" authorityName="Gubanyi &amp; Murai" authorityYear="2002" box="[317,750,295,320]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oeconomi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792465FEE51F939775" box="[317,454,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">P. oeconomi</emphasis>
(Gubányi &amp; Murai, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2660B4D8C6CB87927ADFEE41D029775" box="[757,855,295,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879259FFE801D749751" authority="Gubanyi &amp; Murai, 2002" authorityName="Gubanyi &amp; Murai" authorityYear="2002" box="[199,801,332,357]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oeconomi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879259FFE801C5E9751" box="[199,523,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Paranoplocephala oeconomi</emphasis>
Gubányi &amp; Murai, 2002
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6CB87925CFFE581C7B9799" blockId="12.[151,1436,404,1293]" box="[151,558,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<typeStatus id="549AD4868C6CB87925CFFE581EAA9798" box="[151,255,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879247CFE591FFF9798" box="[292,426,404,429]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="feodorovi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879247CFE591FFF9798" box="[292,426,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">P. feodorovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ISEA 112.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C6CB879259FFE7B1EAB9248" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6CB879259FFE7B1F759521" blockId="12.[151,1436,404,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879259FFE7B1F6197E5" bold="true" box="[199,308,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879241EFE7B1FEA97E5" box="[326,447,439,464]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879241EFE7B1FEA97E5" box="[326,447,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879271FFE7B1C8B97E5" box="[583,734,439,464]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Chionocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879271FFE7B1C8B97E5" box="[583,734,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Chionocestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87927A8FE7B1D2697E5" box="[752,883,439,464]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Microticola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87927A8FE7B1D2697E5" box="[752,883,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Microticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87926EBFE751A1897E5" box="[947,1101,441,464]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Beringitaenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87926EBFE751A1897E5" box="[947,1101,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Beringitaenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a wide (&gt;65% of scolex width) and usually short neck, transversely elongated proglottids (length/width ratio 10–29%), primarily antiporally positioned testes that do not reach the poral ventral canal and porally positioned ovary.
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879207BFE331BC9942D" box="[1315,1436,511,536]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879207BFE331BC9942D" box="[1315,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792471FDE81F959408" box="[297,448,548,573]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Chionocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792471FDE81F959408" box="[297,448,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Chionocestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the structure of scolex and distribution of testes (testes extending more porally in
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87925CFFD8B1F7B9455" box="[151,302,583,608]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Chionocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87925CFFD8B1F7B9455" box="[151,302,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Chionocestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and, perhaps, the shape of the seminal receptacle (more elongated in
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879211BFD8B1AE99455" box="[1091,1212,583,608]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879211BFD8B1AE99455" box="[1091,1212,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879218BFD8B1B199455" box="[1235,1356,583,608]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879218BFD8B1B199455" box="[1235,1356,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792429FDA01FA194B0" box="[369,500,620,645]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Microticola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792429FDA01FA194B0" box="[369,500,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Microticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the longer vagina (relative to the cirrus sac length), neck, cirrus sac and seminal receptacle of the former.
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87924E5FD431C62949D" box="[445,567,655,680]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87924E5FD431C62949D" box="[445,567,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks the characteristic “neck swelling” of
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792135FD431AA5949D" box="[1133,1264,655,680]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Microticola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792135FD431AA5949D" box="[1133,1264,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Microticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879205AFD5D1BC9949D" box="[1282,1436,657,680]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Beringitaenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879205AFD5D1BC9949D" box="[1282,1436,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Beringitaenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792476FD781FF294F8" box="[302,423,692,717]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792476FD781FF294F8" box="[302,423,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to its short body, distinctly poral vitellarium and prominently spined cirrus and, perhaps, position of genital ducts between dorsal and ventral longitudinal canals (ventral to longitudinal canals in
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87925CFFD301F459520" box="[151,272,764,789]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87925CFFD301F459520" box="[151,272,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6CB879259FFCD31EAB9248" blockId="12.[151,1436,404,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879259FFCD31FE5950D" box="[199,432,799,824]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="feodorovi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879259FFCD31FE5950D" box="[199,432,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya feodorovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87924BEFCED1C3B950D" box="[486,622,801,824]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oeconomi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87924BEFCED1C3B950D" box="[486,622,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">P. oeconomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed an exclusive monophyletic group in the
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87921D1FCEC1AEB950D" box="[1161,1214,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">cox1</emphasis>
data,
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792058FCD31B6D950D" box="[1280,1336,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">nad1</emphasis>
data and concatenated data, thus supporting the preliminary observation by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB017D58C6CB87926D9FC881AF19568" box="[897,1188,836,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Haukisalmi, V., Henttonen, H., Hardman, L. M., Hardman, M., Laakkonen, J., Murueva, G., Niemimaa, J., Shulunov, S. &amp; Vapalahti, O. (2009 b) Review of tapeworms of rodents in the Republic of Buryatia, with emphasis on anoplocephalid cestodes. ZooKeys, 8, 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 8.58" type="journal article">
Haukisalmi
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792151FC891A149568" box="[1033,1089,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
(2009b)
</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879207BFC881BC99568" box="[1315,1436,836,861]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879207BFC881BC99568" box="[1315,1436,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. belong to a larger, strongly supported clade also including
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792638FCA51A3395B5" box="[864,1126,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792638FCA51D8695B5" box="[864,979,873,896]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="yoccozi">P. yoccozi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792687FCAB1A3395B5" box="[991,1126,871,896]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Gallegoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Gallegoides</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87921C5FCAB1B3395B5" box="[1181,1382,871,896]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Microcephaloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87921C5FCAB1B3395B5" box="[1181,1382,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Microcephaloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. The latter two genera are morphologically divergent, differing from
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87926CEFC401A339590" box="[918,1126,908,933]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87926CEFC401A339590" box="[918,1126,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Paranoplocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(s. l.), for example, in their tubular early uterus (early uterus is reticulate/fenestrate in
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792622FC631A1F95FD" box="[890,1098,943,968]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792622FC631A1F95FD" box="[890,1098,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Paranoplocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87925CFFC181F4495D8" box="[151,273,980,1005]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87925CFFC181F4495D8" box="[151,273,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87924D3FC191FA995D9" box="[395,508,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">P. y o cc o z i</emphasis>
remains unresolved, but there is morphological evidence suggesting that they represent different genus-level lineages (below). Interestingly, all taxa in this morphologically diverse clade are characterized by a short and wide neck (relative to the scolex width) despite pronounced differences in absolute scolex size, suggesting that this feature may be phylogenetically informative in the whole arvicoline clade of cestodes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C6CB879259FFB4B1FD39339" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6CB879259FFB4B1FD39339" blockId="12.[151,1436,404,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879259FFB4B1FED9295" box="[199,440,1159,1184]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="feodorovi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879259FFB4B1FED9295" box="[199,440,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parandrya feodorovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is primarily a parasite of the water vole
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87926E1FB4B1AC99295" box="[953,1180,1159,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Arvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amphibius">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87926E1FB4B1AC99295" box="[953,1180,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Arvicola amphibius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Siberia, occurring sporadically in
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792412FB611FFB92F1" box="[330,430,1197,1220]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792412FB611FFB92F1" box="[330,430,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Microtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB017D58C6CB8792770FB601D3F92F0" author="Gulyaev" box="[552,874,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Gulyaev, V. D. &amp; Chechulin, A. I. (1996) Parandrya feodorovi gen. n., sp. n. - novaya cestoda (Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae) ot polevok Sibiri. Parazitologiya, 30, 132 - 140." type="journal article" year="1996">Gulyaev &amp; Chechulin 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB017D58C6CB8792620FB601AC692F0" author="Haukisalmi" box="[888,1171,1196,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Haukisalmi, V., Henttonen, H., Hardman, L. M., Hardman, M., Laakkonen, J., Murueva, G., Niemimaa, J., Shulunov, S. &amp; Vapalahti, O. (2009 b) Review of tapeworms of rodents in the Republic of Buryatia, with emphasis on anoplocephalid cestodes. ZooKeys, 8, 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 8.58" type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">
Haukisalmi
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879215CFB611A6A92F0" box="[1028,1087,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
2009b
</bibRefCitation>
), whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB8792048FB611BC992F1" box="[1296,1436,1197,1220]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oeconomi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792048FB611BC992F1" box="[1296,1436,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">P. oeconomi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be a host-specific parasite
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB8792761FB1C1D6A92DD" box="[569,831,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879270DFB1D1D6A92DD" box="[597,831,1233,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oeconomus">Microtus oeconomus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in Central Europe (
<collectingCountry id="F3362AB48C6CB8792143FB1C1AD792DD" box="[1051,1154,1232,1256]" name="Hungary" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Hungary</collectingCountry>
; Gubányi &amp; Murai 2002, Gubányi
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87925A6FB391F639338" box="[254,310,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
2002).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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