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<mods:title id="1D2F94E84DD3B1F7F701E8F030A161A5">New taxonomic and distributional information on hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic coast of South America</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E30B11B47221DFF31ED15446BF8FD" ID-CoL="a7dcb111-153c-499b-99da-206497a8be27" authority="Smith, 1879" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,618,1829,1855]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parapaguridae" genus="Parapagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosimanus">
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<emphasis id="B95A97201B47221DFF31ED1547CFF8FD" bold="true" box="[151,462,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="497">Parapagurus pilosimanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B47221DFE73ED15446BF8FD" author="Smith" box="[469,618,1829,1855]" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" refString="Smith, S. I. (1879) The stalk-eyed Crustaceans of the Atlantic coast of North America north of Cape Cod. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5 (1), 27 - 136. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10046" type="journal article" year="1879">Smith, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="131557B71B47221DFF39ED774705F8A2" box="[159,260,1863,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 23. A" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1272,1294]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,820,1250]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[167,1419,820,1251]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 23. A, Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, 1876, male 8.8 mm, in zoanthid carcinoecia, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, (MZUSP 25789); B, Parapagurus alaminos Lemaitre, 1986, male 5.4 mm, in gastropod shell with carcinoecia, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (MZUSP 25787). (Photos: Joel Braga, MZUSP)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242574/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="497">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E30B11B47221DFF31EDA14445F864" ID-CoL="a7dcb111-153c-499b-99da-206497a8be27" authority="Smith, 1879: 51" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,580,1936,1958]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parapaguridae" genus="Parapagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosimanus">
<emphasis id="B95A97201B47221DFF31EDA1479CF864" box="[151,413,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="497">Parapagurus pilosimanus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8F6D231B47221DFE05EDA04445F864" author="Smith" box="[419,580,1936,1958]" page="51" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" year="1879">
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: 51
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</taxonomicName>
(
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locality: off the coast of Nova
<collectingCountry id="F3390BA21B47221DFC13EDA045F7F864" box="[949,1014,1936,1958]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="46" pageNumber="497">Scotia</collectingCountry>
).—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8F6D231B47221DFBBDEDA042ECF864" author="Lemaitre" box="[1051,1261,1936,1958]" page="529" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B47221DFBBDEDA042BBF864" author="Lemaitre" box="[1051,1210,1936,1958]" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" refString="Lemaitre, R. (1986) Western Atlantic species of the Parapagurus pilosimanus complex (Anomura: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae): Description of a new species and morphological variations. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 6 (3), 525 - 542. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1548192" type="journal article" year="1986">Lemaitre, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 529
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 1C, D, 3A E, 4C, D, 5E, F,
<date id="FF906DF21B47221DFED7ED9E4786F806" box="[369,391,1966,1988]" pageId="46" pageNumber="497">6I</date>
, J, 7C, G, 8H, 9FH.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8F6D231B47221DFDD3ED9E453AF806" author="Lemaitre" box="[629,827,1966,1988]" page="13" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B47221DFDD3ED9E4517F806" author="Lemaitre" box="[629,790,1966,1988]" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" refString="Lemaitre, R. (1989) Revision of the genus Parapagurus (Anomura: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae), including redescriptions of the western Atlantic species. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 253, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1989">Lemaitre, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 13
</treatmentCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131557B71B47221DFCE0ED9E4586F806" box="[838,903,1966,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,697,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,685,1834]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paguristes spectabilis McLaughlin &amp; Provenzano, 1875: female 4.6 mm, Brazil, TAAF MD 55, sta 63 CB 104 (MZUSP 16814). A, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal; B, left uropod, dorsal; C, telson, dorsal; D, female brood pouch on fourth pleopod. Scales 1 mm (A, D), 0.5 mm B, C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242554/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="497">FIG. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131557B71B47221DFC35ED9E45A3F806" box="[915,930,1966,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1335,1357]" captionTargetBox="[160,1423,202,1302]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1314]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paguristes spectabilis McLaughlin &amp; Provenzano, 1875: female 4.6 mm, Brazil, TAAF MD 55, sta 63 CB 104 (MZUSP 16814). A, right cheliped, dorsal; B, same mesial; C, left cheliped, dorsal; D, same, mesial. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242555/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="497">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131557B71B47221DFC0BED9E45B8F806" box="[941,953,1966,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionTargetBox="[171,1425,189,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[154,1439,166,1670]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 5. Paguristes spectabilis McLaughlin &amp; Provenzano, 1875: female 4.6 mm, Brazil, TAAF MD 55, sta 63 CB 104 (MZUSP 16814). A, right second pereopod, lateral; B, dactyl of same, mesial; C, right third pereopod, lateral; D, dactyl of same, mesial; E, propodus and dactyl of left fourth pereopod, lateral. Scales: 1 mm (A D), 0.5 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242556/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="497">5</figureCitation>
A, 6, 39A, B.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8F6D231B47221DFBFCED9E432FF806" author="Lemaitre" box="[1114,1326,1966,1988]" page="308" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B47221DFBFCED9E42FAF806" author="Lemaitre" box="[1114,1275,1966,1988]" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" refString="Lemaitre, R. (1999) Crustacea Decapoda: A review of the species of the genus Parapagurus Smith, 1879 (Parapaguridae) from the Pacific and Indian Oceans. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 20. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 180, 303 - 378." type="journal article" year="1999">Lemaitre, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 308
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 47.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8F6D231B47221DFF61EDFD47E2F821" author="McLaughlin" box="[199,483,1997,2019]" page="39" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B47221DFF61EDFD47C0F821" author="McLaughlin" box="[199,449,1997,2019]" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" refString="McLaughlin, P. A., Komai, T., Lemaitre, R. &amp; Rahayu, D. L. (2010) Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Part 1, Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 23 (Supplement), 5 - 107." type="journal article" year="2010">
McLaughlin
<emphasis id="B95A97201B47221DFEECEDFE477CF821" box="[330,381,1997,2019]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="497">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 39
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8F6D231B47221DFDA6EDFD4549F821" author="Cardoso" box="[512,840,1997,2019]" page="597" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B47221DFDA6EDFD4517F821" author="Cardoso" box="[512,790,1997,2019]" pageId="46" pageNumber="497" refString="Cardoso, I. &amp; Lemaitre, R. (2012) First reports of deep-water hermit crabs Parapagurus Smith, 1879 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parapaguridae) and coelenterate associates from the Mid- Atlantic Ridge and South Atlantic. Crustaceana, 85 (4 - 5), 591 - 600. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854012 X 634384" type="journal article" year="2012">Cardoso &amp; Lemaitre, 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 597
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2E30B11B46221CFF31EAA9449AFF6C" ID-CoL="15da9296-8d1d-44e8-b1b0-102734908452" authority="A. Milne-Edwards, 1880: 42" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,667,152,174]" genus="Eupagurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" rank="species" species="jacobii">
<emphasis id="B95A97201B46221CFF31EAA94758FF6C" box="[151,345,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Eupagurus jacobii</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8F6D231B46221CFEC0EAA8449AFF6C" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[358,667,152,174]" page="42" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B46221CFEC0EAA84473FF6C" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[358,626,152,174]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1880) Report on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877, 78, 79, by the United States Coast Survey steamer &quot; Blake &quot;, Lieut. - Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. VIII. Etudes preliminaires sur les Crustaces. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 8 (1), 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1880">A. Milne-Edwards, 1880</bibRefCitation>
: 42
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="5495F5901B46221CFD09EAA84508FF6C" box="[687,777,152,174]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from Caribbean Lesser Antilles:
<collectingCountry id="F3390BA21B46221CFBDAEAA842F8FF6C" box="[1148,1273,152,174]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
, St. Lucie and
<collectingCountry id="F3390BA21B46221CFF61EA86473CFF0E" box="[199,317,182,204]" name="Martinique" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Martinique</collectingCountry>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B914B321B46221CFF31EAE64732FEC8" blockId="47.[151,1435,152,266]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E30B11B46221CFF31EAE64549FF29" ID-CoL="68f9efd3-337a-4dec-8745-5d91a66a105d" authority="Grimaldii A. Milne-Edwards &amp; Bouvier, 1897: 134" authorityName="Grimaldii A. Milne-Edwards &amp; Bouvier" authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,840,213,235]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parapaguridae" genus="Sympagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95A97201B46221CFF31EAE64782FF29" box="[151,387,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Sympagurus Grimaldii</emphasis>
A. Milne-Edwards &amp; Bouvier, 1897: 134
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="5495F5901B46221CFCFDEAE54589FF29" box="[859,904,213,235]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">type</typeStatus>
locality: Azores,
<emphasis id="B95A97201B46221CFBEAEAE542CFFF29" box="[1100,1230,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">LHirondelle</emphasis>
, sta 211,
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,
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B95A97201B46221CFF31EB064739FE8D" bold="true" box="[151,312,310,335]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">New material</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95A97201B46221CFEE3EB06448FFE8D" box="[325,654,310,335]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">
Southwestern Atlantic.
<collectingCountry id="F3390BA21B46221CFDECEB06448FFE8D" box="[586,654,310,335]" name="Brazil" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Rio Grande do Norte: sta MT 74,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A2DF51B46221CFB66EB064367FE8D" box="[1216,1382,310,335]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" precision="1" value="-36.69671">36°41.8026W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD6E6D71B46221CFAD4EB0746AEFEB0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.87" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="987.0">987 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF906DF21B46221CFF1DEB6A4752FEB1" box="[187,339,346,371]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" value="2011-05-15">15 May 2011</date>
:
<specimenCount id="9D2880BB1B46221CFEF8EB6B47A8FEB1" box="[350,425,346,371]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CD6E6D71B46221CFE16EB6B4407FEB0" box="[432,518,347,371]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
(in zoanthid) (
<collectionCode id="ED3FD3F71B46221CFD0DEB6B450BFEB1" box="[683,778,347,371]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">MZUSP</collectionCode>
25789).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33418B91B46221CFF61EB4E447DFE55" box="[199,636,382,407]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B914B321B46221CFF61EB4E447DFE55" blockId="47.[151,1437,310,767]" box="[199,636,382,407]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="B95A97201B46221CFF61EB4E4740FE55" bold="true" box="[199,321,382,407]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B46221CFED1EB4E4429FE55" author="Lemaitre" box="[375,552,382,407]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" refString="Lemaitre, R. (1986) Western Atlantic species of the Parapagurus pilosimanus complex (Anomura: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae): Description of a new species and morphological variations. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 6 (3), 525 - 542. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1548192" type="journal article" year="1986">Lemaitre (1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B46221CFD95EB4F4471FE55" author="Lemaitre" box="[563,624,383,407]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" refString="Lemaitre, R. (1989) Revision of the genus Parapagurus (Anomura: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae), including redescriptions of the western Atlantic species. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 253, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33418B91B46221CFF61EB9242DBFDAD" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B914B321B46221CFF61EB924711FE1C" blockId="47.[151,1437,310,767]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="B95A97201B46221CFF61EB924761FE79" bold="true" box="[199,352,418,443]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Distribution.</emphasis>
North, Central and South Atlantic (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B46221CFD4BEB924595FE79" author="Lemaitre" box="[749,916,418,443]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" refString="Lemaitre, R. (1989) Revision of the genus Parapagurus (Anomura: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae), including redescriptions of the western Atlantic species. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 253, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1989">Lemaitre 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B46221CFC39EB9345DAFE79" author="Lemaitre" box="[927,987,419,443]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" refString="Lemaitre, R. (1999) Crustacea Decapoda: A review of the species of the genus Parapagurus Smith, 1879 (Parapaguridae) from the Pacific and Indian Oceans. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 20. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 180, 303 - 378." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B46221CFC40EB92430FFE79" author="Cardoso" box="[998,1294,418,443]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" refString="Cardoso, I. &amp; Lemaitre, R. (2012) First reports of deep-water hermit crabs Parapagurus Smith, 1879 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parapaguridae) and coelenterate associates from the Mid- Atlantic Ridge and South Atlantic. Crustaceana, 85 (4 - 5), 591 - 600. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854012 X 634384" type="journal article" year="2012">Cardoso &amp; Lemaitre 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Depth:
<quantity id="4CD6E6D71B46221CFAD4EB93470DFE1C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.983" metricValueMax="3.864" metricValueMin="0.102" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="1983.0" valueMax="3864.0" valueMin="102.0">102 to 3864 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B914B321B46221CFF61EBDA42DBFDAD" blockId="47.[151,1437,310,767]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="B95A97201B46221CFF61EBDA470DFDC1" bold="true" box="[199,268,490,515]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Color</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131557B71B46221CFEBCEBDA4782FDC1" box="[282,387,490,515]" captionStart="FIGURE 23. A" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1272,1294]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,820,1250]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[167,1419,820,1251]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 23. A, Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, 1876, male 8.8 mm, in zoanthid carcinoecia, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, (MZUSP 25789); B, Parapagurus alaminos Lemaitre, 1986, male 5.4 mm, in gastropod shell with carcinoecia, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (MZUSP 25787). (Photos: Joel Braga, MZUSP)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242574/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
). Freshly collected specimen (MZUSP 25789) with shield and ocular peduncles dirty white or cream, with light orange tones near anterior and posterior margins, somewhat iridescent. Antennules and antennae reddish. Chelipeds dirty white or cream; dactyls light orange distally; meri proximally with light orange tone fading distally to dirty white or cream. Ambulatory legs light orange with orange tone darker on dactyls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33418B91B46221CFF61E84A4214FD3D" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B914B321B46221CFF61E84A4214FD3D" blockId="47.[151,1437,310,767]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="B95A97201B46221CFF61E84A473AFD51" bold="true" box="[199,315,634,659]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Remarks.</emphasis>
Despite this species being one of the most common and widely distributed parapagurids on the North, Central and South Atlantic, it had never before been reported in the western Atlantic further south than off the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F3390BA21B46221CFEBBE8F247C6FD19" box="[285,455,706,731]" name="French Guiana" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
. Thus, this report extends the range of this species considerably to the south, from about
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A2DF51B46221CFF31E8D646EBFD3D" box="[151,234,742,767]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46N</geoCoordinate>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF36C31B46221CFF5EE8D647A1FD3D" author="Lemaitre" box="[248,416,742,767]" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" refString="Lemaitre, R. (1989) Revision of the genus Parapagurus (Anomura: Paguroidea: Parapaguridae), including redescriptions of the western Atlantic species. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 253, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1989">Lemaitre 1989</bibRefCitation>
) to
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A2DF51B46221CFE6DE8D74418FD3D" box="[459,537,743,767]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="498" precision="925" value="-4.55">4°33S</geoCoordinate>
off the coast of Rio Grande do Norte,
<collectingCountry id="F3390BA21B46221CFC6FE8D64210FD3D" box="[969,1041,742,767]" name="Brazil" pageId="47" pageNumber="498">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>