383 lines
50 KiB
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383 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="911CF09D3AA2CE9C7722713BA9CF740C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5376630" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5376630" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630281657876" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Montoya, Plinio, Ginsburg, Léonard, Alberdi, María Teresa, Made, Jan Van Der, Morales, Jorge & Soria, María Dolores" docDate="2006" docId="11352538A705FFF570ADFA31026FFB8D" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2006.28.1.137-173.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 28 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="94524207C6714CF92F879FE43E306202" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hipparion crassum Gervais 1859" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="ED0C5D40A714FFE37255FFBD0022FFE7" masterDocTitle="Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy" masterLastPageNumber="173" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1699212324378" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB87D3F779E406A2A5592E7B22AEBAAF">
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<mods:title id="237C890AD89AB04F470458637D941007">Fossil large mammals from the early Pliocene locality of Alcoy (Spain) and their importance in biostratigraphy</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C338646CC643692D5467E3E5AC98AF3D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C567B1B76131F33AB7539A1AA6AE34D3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="151CA10A25197F2EF5C71F1A4D094FAD">Montoya, Plinio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="35487527CFC695D6095A5D9547E86047">Departament de Geologia, Àrea de Paleontologia, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, E- 46100 Burjassot (Spain) pmontoya @ uv. es</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="96F6B87B3D4251834424F87609A73A2E" type="email">pmontoya@uv.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="73C28ED7C5A848C0035CC37BD97C5CF9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3B81E0FA4A06B9847B4496F71242B0A8">Ginsburg, Léonard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E0CDA0C91871005604B417E0FB909F3">Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Sciences de la Terre, case postale 38, 8 rue Buffon, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="82FD48717193CC5F6AAFD38A171978F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="126AF139D2F69AFD1984E361C1B54E2E">Alberdi, María Teresa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A9377FBF21A307FD262BDE5863EEAA4E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7C7D867D65E92C2F8E6478658CE51F01">
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<mods:roleTerm id="73BA26E598C553F193FABB9FA86AB9F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F1AAECA23E87067E8F7A5526E89E4C96">Made, Jan Van Der</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2334140F0954E5AFCF3E4CD87B69AD2C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="822026DEF420D55F46B7289B2A0B0754">Morales, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="12366CFAE545D0546DCD3C3F06051145" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="738A3AAD81F707AC880DC1212CC1B408">Soria, María Dolores</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5ED905C66877218273D7927D6C570E73">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E- 28006 Madrid (Spain) mcnaa 3 j @ mncn. csic. es mcnjv 538 @ mncn. csic. es mcnm 166 @ mncn. csic. es</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8AFA029CCF72091618CD7F476599B574" type="email">j@mncn.csic.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="10FF4D9F07D7F310EF4536BDFE02164B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1064FCA6F791C0D005943A477BCF84BE">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A0E64BFFC24FEC68B239DDD8654330B6">
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<mods:date id="95AA2010C2735FBA79F912ABD291F6E0">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="16CB7BE78967B6C6F35C95CB83AA2EE4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E81FF9E9F763DD90C82D5BF488E7EFFF">28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2BFF133CF021C9A02F6187B417E49ABB">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F2FA3CC560D29A11895E7B18B52795A9">137</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="DFFC29957CB1A63B8D3CC275E8C8BF3E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C24690AB1942DDAC5144AA95ADDECA8A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5376630</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="159442C5F983ABA971EF0A20B93D129D" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5BBE198D99B4396E7C5B6BA54F8CCE4E" type="Zenodo-Dep">5376630</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="11352538A705FFF570ADFA31026FFB8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11352538A705FFF570ADFA31026FFB8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11352538A705FFF570ADFA31026FFB8D" lastPageId="22" pageId="17">
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<subSubSection id="D186C7A5A705FFF270ADFA3103FFFA22" pageId="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9923942EA705FFF270ADFA3103FFFA22" blockId="17.[760,1126,1419,1477]" pageId="17">
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<heading id="C26B2342A705FFF270ADFA3103FFFA22" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA705FFF270ADFA310444FA41" authority="Gervais, 1859" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[760,1126,1419,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA705FFF270ADFA3103EAFA41" bold="true" box="[760,968,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="17">Hipparion crassum</emphasis>
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Gervais, 1859
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="01A788ABA705FFF271DDFA1603F4FA22" box="[904,982,1451,1477]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[113,124,730,747]" captionTargetBox="[122,1182,217,674]" captionTargetId="figure-20@19.[114,1210,207,702]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy: A, right P2 (MAA), reversed section; B, right M1-2 (MAA), reversed section; C, left p3-4 (MAA); D, right m1-m3 (MNHN). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376651/files/figure.png" pageId="17">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D186C7A5A705FFF170F0FA5000FEFB46" lastPageId="18" pageId="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9923942EA705FFF270F0FA500373F9B3" blockId="17.[677,1210,1516,1699]" pageId="17">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Right P2; two right M1-2; two left M1-2; left p2; two left p3-4; right p3-4; left m1-2; a McIII fragment; 1st and a 2nd phalanges, both of the finger III (
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<collectionCode id="FF8D0CEBA705FFF2715FF9810365F9B3" box="[778,839,1596,1620]" country="Spain" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13000" name="Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos" pageId="17" type="Herbarium">MAA</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9923942EA705FFF270F0F9EB03D1F96E" blockId="17.[677,1210,1516,1699]" pageId="17">
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2433M, right P2; 2108M, left M1-2; 2126M, right M1-2; 2431M, left p3-4 (
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<collectionCode id="FF8D0CEBA705FFF271F7F9CC03CAF96E" box="[930,1000,1649,1673]" pageId="17">MGM</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9923942EA705FFF170F0F93600FEFB46" blockId="17.[677,1210,1516,1699]" lastBlockId="18.[113,646,1135,1185]" lastPageId="18" pageId="17">
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Six lower teeth that could belong to the same individual (right m1, m2, and m3 and left p4, m1 and m3) (
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<collectionCode id="FF8D0CEBA706FFF1722CFB3400F3FB46" box="[121,209,1161,1185]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18">MNHN</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="CDE3C4A6A706FFF17224FBBA02F4FBC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5376649" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376649/files/figure.png" pageId="18" startId="18.[113,124,1031,1048]" targetBox="[213,1107,219,970]" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph id="9923942EA706FFF17224FBBA02F4FBC8" blockId="18.[113,1209,1031,1071]" pageId="18">
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FIG. 9. —
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<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA706FFF17295FBBA01E1FBFF" authority="(Gervais, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[192,451,1031,1048]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Alephis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boodon">
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF17295FBBA0161FBFF" box="[192,323,1031,1048]" italics="true" pageId="18">Alephis boodon</emphasis>
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(Gervais, 1852)
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</taxonomicName>
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from Alcoy:
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF1707EFBBA021AFBFF" bold="true" box="[555,568,1031,1048]" pageId="18">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF17014FBBA026CFBFF" bold="true" box="[577,590,1031,1048]" pageId="18">B</emphasis>
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, second phalanx (M-693);
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF1717FFBBA0315FBFF" bold="true" box="[810,823,1031,1048]" pageId="18">A</emphasis>
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, dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF171FCFBBA0394FBFF" bold="true" box="[937,950,1031,1048]" pageId="18">B</emphasis>
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, proximal view;
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF1766EFBBA046BFBFF" bold="true" box="[1083,1097,1031,1048]" pageId="18">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF17606FBBA0443FBFF" bold="true" box="[1107,1121,1031,1048]" pageId="18">D</emphasis>
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, left metacarpal (Alc 9);
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF172BDFBA300D4FBC8" bold="true" box="[232,246,1054,1071]" pageId="18">C</emphasis>
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, proximal view;
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF17328FBA301A9FBC8" bold="true" box="[381,395,1054,1071]" pageId="18">D</emphasis>
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, transversal section. Scale bar: 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="D186C7A5A706FFF07224FB04044CFB8E" lastPageId="19" pageId="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9923942EA706FFF17224FB04024CFB36" blockId="18.[113,622,1209,1233]" box="[113,622,1209,1233]" pageId="18">
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MEASUREMENTS. — See Appendix:
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<tableCitation id="D41EA195A706FFF17398FB04023FFB36" box="[461,541,1209,1233]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="34.[113,122,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 9. — Measurements (in mm) and principal morphological traits of the upper cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Abbreviations: Ls, length in occlusal surface; ls, breadth in occlusal surface; Lb, length at the base; lb, breadth at the base; H, parastyle height; Pr, protocone mesio-distal length; shape Pr, shape of the protocone; Plc, pli caballin or ptycostilid; Apref, anterior zone of the prefossette; Ppref, posterior zone of the prefossette; Apostf, anterior zone of the postfossette; Ppostf, posterior zone of the postfossette; Hy, hypocone; hyp gr, hypoconal groove; w/n, without number; elong, elongate; round, rounded." pageId="18">Tables 9</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="D41EA195A706FFF1701BFB04024CFB36" box="[590,622,1209,1233]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="35.[113,122,220,237]" captionText="TABLE 10. — Measurements (in mm) and principal morphological traits of the lower cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Abbreviations: L, length; Ls, length in occlusal surface; ls, breadth in occlusal surface; Lb, length at the base; lb, breadth at the base; H, height in the mesial part; plc, pli caballin; w/n, without number." pageId="18">10.</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9923942EA706FFF17224FB530120FAE1" blockId="18.[113,647,1262,1700]" box="[113,258,1262,1288]" pageId="18">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9923942EA706FFF17224FAB000D1FA61" blockId="18.[113,647,1262,1700]" pageId="18">
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The measurements follow the recommendations of the “
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<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA706FFF17291FA9001E0FAA0" authority="Conference" authorityName="Conference" box="[196,450,1325,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hipparion Conference</taxonomicName>
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”, New York 1981 (
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<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA706FFF1722CFAF10156FA81" author="EISENMANN V. & ALBERDI M. T. & DE GIULI C. & SCHE U." box="[121,372,1356,1383]" pageId="18" refId="ref15786" refString="EISENMANN V., ALBERDI M. T., DE GIULI C. & STAE- SCHE U. 1988. - Collected papers after the " New York International Hipparion Conference, 1981 ", in WOODBURNE M. & SONDAAR P. Y. (eds), Studying Fossil Horses. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 71 p." type="book" year="1988">
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||
Eisenmann
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<emphasis id="ABE8483CA706FFF172A8FAF00109FA81" box="[253,299,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="18">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1988
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and all are expressed in millimeters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9923942EA706FFF172DDFA3100ECF983" blockId="18.[113,647,1262,1700]" pageId="18">
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<tableCitation id="D41EA195A706FFF172DDFA3100FFFA41" box="[136,221,1420,1446]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="34.[113,122,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 9. — Measurements (in mm) and principal morphological traits of the upper cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Abbreviations: Ls, length in occlusal surface; ls, breadth in occlusal surface; Lb, length at the base; lb, breadth at the base; H, parastyle height; Pr, protocone mesio-distal length; shape Pr, shape of the protocone; Plc, pli caballin or ptycostilid; Apref, anterior zone of the prefossette; Ppref, posterior zone of the prefossette; Apostf, anterior zone of the postfossette; Ppostf, posterior zone of the postfossette; Hy, hypocone; hyp gr, hypoconal groove; w/n, without number; elong, elongate; round, rounded." pageId="18">Tables 9</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="D41EA195A706FFF1735BFA31010BFA41" box="[270,297,1420,1446]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="35.[113,122,220,237]" captionText="TABLE 10. — Measurements (in mm) and principal morphological traits of the lower cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Abbreviations: L, length; Ls, length in occlusal surface; ls, breadth in occlusal surface; Lb, length at the base; lb, breadth at the base; H, height in the mesial part; plc, pli caballin; w/n, without number." pageId="18">10</tableCitation>
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show most of the dimensions and some of the characters of the dental remains from the different collections studied. The remains are not very numerous and a clear difference between the size of molars and premolars can be observed. Quite a lot of cement is generally preserved in all of them.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9923942EA706FFF072DDF9D400C8FC6C" blockId="18.[113,647,1262,1700]" lastBlockId="19.[113,647,849,1699]" lastPageId="19" pageId="18">
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||
The upper dental remains (
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<tableCitation id="D41EA195A706FFF173F8F9D401DDF963" box="[429,511,1641,1668]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="34.[113,122,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 9. — Measurements (in mm) and principal morphological traits of the upper cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Abbreviations: Ls, length in occlusal surface; ls, breadth in occlusal surface; Lb, length at the base; lb, breadth at the base; H, parastyle height; Pr, protocone mesio-distal length; shape Pr, shape of the protocone; Plc, pli caballin or ptycostilid; Apref, anterior zone of the prefossette; Ppref, posterior zone of the prefossette; Apostf, anterior zone of the postfossette; Ppostf, posterior zone of the postfossette; Hy, hypocone; hyp gr, hypoconal groove; w/n, without number; elong, elongate; round, rounded." pageId="18">Table 9</tableCitation>
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) show some size differences that could reflect age differences of the animals (crown height), since their dimensions at the base of the crown (l/w) are more similar. Most of the teeth correspond to young adults. We could section them and study their characters at comparable wear degrees. The styles, are narrow, thin and well pronounced, both in molars and premolars, and are broader in premolars. Although the parastyle is not wide, it shows a groove-like notch. The protocone is oval, relatively small and sometimes with elongate or angular extremes when the wear is slight. With more advanced wear the protocone is clearly oval. The pli caballin has four or five folds (the only specimen that shows only one caballine fold corresponds to a little worn specimen that could not be sectioned because of its damaged state). The number of fossette folds is variable (Apre 5-6, Dpre 10-12, Apos 6-7 and Dpos 2). The hypocone shows a marked, more or less oval, open distal sinus (SD), that is oriented backwards.
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</paragraph>
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||
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|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA707FFF07224FD670259FCE5" blockId="19.[113,1211,730,770]" pageId="19">
|
||
FIG. 10. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA707FFF07299FD6701C0FD0C" authority="Gervais, 1859" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[204,482,730,747]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF07299FD67014AFD0C" box="[204,360,730,747]" italics="true" pageId="19">Hipparion crassum</emphasis>
|
||
Gervais, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Alcoy:
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF0701EFD67027AFD0C" bold="true" box="[587,600,730,747]" pageId="19">A</emphasis>
|
||
, right P2 (MAA), reversed section;
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF0712FFD6703A5FD0C" bold="true" box="[890,903,730,747]" pageId="19">B</emphasis>
|
||
, right M1-2 (MAA), reversed section;
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF07224FD4C005DFCE5" bold="true" box="[113,127,753,770]" pageId="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
, left p3-4 (MAA);
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF07344FD4C013DFCE5" bold="true" box="[273,287,753,770]" pageId="19">D</emphasis>
|
||
, right m1-m3 (MNHN). Scale bar: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA707FFF072DDFC2C0241FA02" blockId="19.[113,647,849,1699]" pageId="19">
|
||
The lower dental remains (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D41EA195A707FFF073F8FC2C0232FC4C" box="[429,528,913,939]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="35.[113,122,220,237]" captionText="TABLE 10. — Measurements (in mm) and principal morphological traits of the lower cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Abbreviations: L, length; Ls, length in occlusal surface; ls, breadth in occlusal surface; Lb, length at the base; lb, breadth at the base; H, height in the mesial part; plc, pli caballin; w/n, without number." pageId="19">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
) show size differences between the teeth stored in Paris and those from other collections. The remains from the MNHN, which belong to the same individual, correspond apparently to a smaller
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA707FFF073B1FBAD0273FBCE" box="[484,593,1040,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF073B1FBAD0273FBCE" box="[484,593,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="19">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The length of the right series m1-m3 is 67.1 mm. In the left series are preserved the p3-4, an m1-2 and an m3. The teeth stored in MGM and in the MAA, almost all of them premolars, correspond to a larger animal. Most of them belong to very young individuals, without signs of wear, but already adults. In section they show a typical design with an internal curl particularly in the postflexid, the presence of a protostylid, a median robust size, and an elongate and somewhat angular metaconid-metastylid bow. The linguaflexid is open and shallow in premolars and closer and sharper in molars. The ectoflexid extends inside and nearly reaches the linguaflexid in molars. This does not happen in premolars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA707FFF072DDFA56044CFB8E" blockId="19.[113,647,849,1699]" lastBlockId="19.[677,1210,849,1129]" pageId="19">
|
||
The scarce postcranial skeleton remains, are only those stored in the MAA. A fragment of McIII, attributed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA707FFF072BCF997015CF9A3" author="ALBERDI M. T." box="[233,382,1578,1604]" pageId="19" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref15131" refString="ALBERDI M. T. 1974. - El genero Hipparion en Espana. Nuevas formas de Castilla y Andalucia, revision e historia evolutiva. Trabajos sobre Neogeno-Cuaternario 1: 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1974">Alberdi (1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 7, fig. 1) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA707FFF07049F996009DF983" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF07049F996009DF983" italics="true" pageId="19">Hipparion crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, must correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA707FFF073CFF9F602A3F982" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[410,641,1610,1637]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Equus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF073CFF9F601FBF983" box="[410,473,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="19">Equus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA707FFF07370F9D40278F963" author="EISENMANN V. & SONDAAR P." box="[293,602,1641,1668]" pageId="19" pagination="217 - 226" refId="ref15754" refString="EISENMANN V. & SONDAAR P. 1989. - Hipparions and the Mio-Pliocene boundary. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 28 (2 - 3): 217 - 226." type="journal article" year="1989">Eisenmann & Sondaar (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA707FFF07224F9340159F944" author="ALBERDI M. T. & ALCALA L." box="[113,379,1673,1699]" pageId="19" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref15293" refString="ALBERDI M. T. & ALCALA L. 1999. - A study of the new samples of the Pliocene Hipparion (Equidae, Mammalia) from Spain and Bulgaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Earth Sciences) 89: 167 - 186." type="journal article" year="1999">Alberdi & Alcalá (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The assignation mistake could be due to the comparison with figure 1 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA707FFF070F0FCCC036DFC6C" author="DEPERET C." box="[677,847,881,907]" pageId="19" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref15636" refString="DEPERET C. 1890. - Les animaux pliocenes du Roussillon. 1 ere partie. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 3: 1 - 139, 18 pls." type="journal article" year="1890">Depéret (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The dimensions of the 1FIII are: 1 = 62.2; 2 = 56.3; 3 = 31.7; 4 = 41.7; 5 = 32; 6 impossible to measure; 7 = 36.2; 8 = 22; 9 = 27.5; the dimensions of the 2FIII are: 1 = 44; 2 = 32; 3 = 36.4; 4 = 42.2; 5 = 27; 6 = 40. In addition there are a fragment of calcaneus and another fragment of a metapodial distal end, but they are so damaged that they do not yield any significant data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D186C7A5A707FFF570F0FB32026FFB8D" lastPageId="22" pageId="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA707FFF070F0FB320304FB40" blockId="19.[677,1210,1167,1700]" box="[677,806,1167,1193]" pageId="19">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA707FFF770F0FB130143FA22" blockId="19.[677,1210,1167,1700]" lastBlockId="20.[113,647,1356,1700]" lastPageId="20" pageId="19">
|
||
The wear pattern of the upper teeth shows deep, complex and numerous lateral folds of the fossettes as is characteristic in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA707FFF071B6FB530490FAE0" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[995,1202,1262,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF071B6FB530490FAE0" box="[995,1202,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="19">Hipparion crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The protocone is oval and small if compared with the tooth; the pli caballin is complex (four or five more or less branched folds); the hypocone is oval, small and open, with a deep distal sinus, less deep as wear advances, and with a less marked lingual sinus that totally disappears with the wear. All this and the size of the teeth relate the material from Alcoy-Mina to a robust medium-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA707FFF07610FA560490F9E3" box="[1093,1202,1515,1540]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA707FFF07610FA560490F9E3" box="[1093,1202,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="19">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the same way, the morphology of the lower teeth, with a robust protostylid not always reaching the wear surface (because it is partly masked by the presence of cement), the angular and elongate metaconid-metastylid bow, the internal curl particularly in the postflexid, as well as the presence of pli caballin or ptycostilid more pronounced in premolars than in molars, also indicate a robust medium-sized animal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CDE3C4A6A700FFF77224FB7601B1FAEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5376653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376653/files/figure.png" pageId="20" startId="20.[113,124,1227,1244]" targetBox="[113,1191,216,1184]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA700FFF77224FB7601B1FAEE" blockId="20.[113,1210,1227,1289]" pageId="20">
|
||
FIG. 11. — Bivariate plots of the upper cheek teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA700FFF7707AFB760366FB3B" authority="Gervais, 1859" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[559,836,1227,1244]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF7707AFB7602E9FB3B" box="[559,715,1227,1244]" italics="true" pageId="20">Hipparion crassum</emphasis>
|
||
Gervais, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Alcoy and Serrat d’en Vaquer, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA700FFF776C0FB76012DFB15" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF776C0FB760084FB15" italics="true" pageId="20">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF7729DFB5C012DFB15" box="[200,271,1249,1266]" italics="true" pageId="20">crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Dorkovo. Measures taken at the base and at the occlusal surface. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF771ABFB5C0407FB15" bold="true" box="[1022,1061,1249,1266]" pageId="20">DAP</emphasis>
|
||
, antero-posterior diameter;
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF77290FB4500FCFAEE" bold="true" box="[197,222,1272,1289]" pageId="20">DT</emphasis>
|
||
, transverse diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA700FFF772DDFA710470F983" blockId="20.[113,647,1356,1700]" lastBlockId="20.[677,1210,1356,1699]" pageId="20">
|
||
Most of the studied teeth are homogenous and their dimensions are totally within the distribution of the remains from Serrat d’en Vaquer (Perpignan, Roussillon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E18BD4BEA700FFF772B8F996011BF9A2" box="[237,313,1579,1605]" name="France" pageId="20">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
), the
|
||
<typeStatus id="46272A8CA700FFF77325F99601BCF9A2" box="[368,414,1579,1605]" pageId="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA700FFF7705AF99602A2F9A3" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[527,640,1579,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF7705AF99602A2F9A3" box="[527,640,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="20">H. crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<tableCitation id="D41EA195A700FFF772D8F9F700C0F983" box="[141,226,1610,1636]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="34.[113,122,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 9. — Measurements (in mm) and principal morphological traits of the upper cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Abbreviations: Ls, length in occlusal surface; ls, breadth in occlusal surface; Lb, length at the base; lb, breadth at the base; H, parastyle height; Pr, protocone mesio-distal length; shape Pr, shape of the protocone; Plc, pli caballin or ptycostilid; Apref, anterior zone of the prefossette; Ppref, posterior zone of the prefossette; Apostf, anterior zone of the postfossette; Ppostf, posterior zone of the postfossette; Hy, hypocone; hyp gr, hypoconal groove; w/n, without number; elong, elongate; round, rounded." pageId="20">Tables 9</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="D41EA195A700FFF77341F9F70112F983" box="[276,304,1610,1636]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="35.[113,122,220,237]" captionText="TABLE 10. — Measurements (in mm) and principal morphological traits of the lower cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Abbreviations: L, length; Ls, length in occlusal surface; ls, breadth in occlusal surface; Lb, length at the base; lb, breadth at the base; H, height in the mesial part; plc, pli caballin; w/n, without number." pageId="20">10</tableCitation>
|
||
are also included the dimensions of the remains from Dorkovo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA700FFF773E1F9D402A0F964" author="THOMAS H. & SPASSOV N. & KODJUMDGIEVA E. & POIDEVIN J. - L. & POPOV V. & SEN S. & TASSY P. & VISSET D." box="[436,642,1641,1668]" pageId="20" pagination="1037 - 1942" refId="ref18278" refString="THOMAS H., SPASSOV N., KODJUMDGIEVA E., POIDEVIN J. - L., POPOV V., SEN S., TASSY P. & VISSET D. 1986. - Preliminary results of the first Bulgarian-French paleontological research project at Dorkovo (Pazardjik district, Bulgaria). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris 302 (2) 16: 1037 - 1942." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Thomas
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF77044F9D70219F964" box="[529,571,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA700FFF77224F934014AF944" author="ALBERDI M. T. & ALCALA L." box="[113,360,1673,1699]" pageId="20" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref15293" refString="ALBERDI M. T. & ALCALA L. 1999. - A study of the new samples of the Pliocene Hipparion (Equidae, Mammalia) from Spain and Bulgaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Earth Sciences) 89: 167 - 186." type="journal article" year="1999">Alberdi & Alcalá 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA700FFF7704CF9370332FA81" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[537,784,1356,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF7704CF93702A4F944" box="[537,646,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="20">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF77096FAF00332FA81" box="[707,784,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="20">crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The plots based on the dentition dimensions (length and width at the surface) show that the remains from Alcoy and Dorkovo are slightly smaller than those from the French localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA700FFF770F0FA71033AFA02" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[677,792,1484,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA700FFF770F0FA71033AFA02" box="[677,792,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="20">H. crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the dimensions are very similar if taken at the base of the tooth. This is clearly observed when the upper molars (M1 and M2), on the one hand, and the lower molars (m1 and m2), on the other hand, are compared (
|
||
<figureCitation id="01A788ABA700FFF7719DF9F70438F983" box="[968,1050,1610,1636]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,124,1227,1244]" captionTargetBox="[113,1191,216,1184]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 11. — Bivariate plots of the upper cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy and Serrat d’en Vaquer, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Measures taken at the base and at the occlusal surface. Abbreviations: DAP, antero-posterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376653/files/figure.png" pageId="20">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="01A788ABA700FFF77673F9F70467F983" box="[1062,1093,1610,1636]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[113,124,1059,1076]" captionTargetBox="[121,1202,221,1016]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 12. — Bivariate plots of the lower cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy and Serrat d’en Vaquer, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Measures taken at the base and at the occlusal surface. Abbreviations: DAP, antero-posterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376655/files/figure.png" pageId="20">12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA700FFF670EEF9D403B5FB00" blockId="20.[677,1210,1356,1699]" lastBlockId="21.[677,1210,1198,1700]" lastPageId="21" pageId="20">
|
||
The comparison of the morphological characters of the dentition from Alcoy with those of other Pliocene populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA701FFF6732CFB1201C4FB2F" box="[377,486,1199,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA701FFF6732CFB1201C4FB2F" box="[377,486,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="21">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, indicates that the upper dental remains have narrower and more pronounced styles (parastyle and mesostyle) than the rest of Spanish Pliocene forms studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA701FFF67030FAB00148FAA0" author="ALBERDI M. T. & ALCALA L." pageId="21" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref15293" refString="ALBERDI M. T. & ALCALA L. 1999. - A study of the new samples of the Pliocene Hipparion (Equidae, Mammalia) from Spain and Bulgaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Earth Sciences) 89: 167 - 186." type="journal article" year="1999">Alberdi & Alcalá (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This can be seen both in the parastyle and in the mesostyle, although the first one is generally wider than the second one, and both are wider in premolars than in molars. Also the protocone of the remains from Alcoy is comparatively smaller than that of other Spanish Pliocene forms in which it is elongate and larger, relative to tooth size. As for the lower teeth, in the Pliocene dolichopodial populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA701FFF6704CF99602A4F9A3" box="[537,646,1579,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA701FFF6704CF99602A4F9A3" box="[537,646,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="21">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and depending on the wear degree of the teeth), the ectoflexid crosses the isthmus and approaches the linguaflexid both in premolars and in molars, whereas in the remains from Alcoy this can only be observed in molars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CDE3C4A6A701FFF67224FB9E01B1FB86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376655" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5376655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376655/files/figure.png" pageId="21" startId="21.[113,124,1059,1076]" targetBox="[121,1202,221,1016]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA701FFF67224FB9E01B1FB86" blockId="21.[113,1210,1059,1121]" pageId="21">
|
||
FIG. 12. — Bivariate plots of the lower cheek teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA701FFF67014FB9E037CFBD3" authority="Gervais, 1859" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[577,862,1059,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA701FFF67014FB9E02C3FBD3" box="[577,737,1059,1076]" italics="true" pageId="21">Hipparion crassum</emphasis>
|
||
Gervais, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Alcoy and Serrat d’en Vaquer, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA701FFF67224FB84010AFBAD" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[113,296,1081,1098]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA701FFF67224FB8400E0FBAD" box="[113,194,1081,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA701FFF672B7FB84010AFBAD" box="[226,296,1081,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21">crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Dorkovo. Measures taken at the base and at the occlusal surface. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA701FFF67654FB84040AFBAD" bold="true" box="[1025,1064,1081,1098]" pageId="21">DAP</emphasis>
|
||
, antero-posterior diameter;
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA701FFF67290FBED00FCFB86" bold="true" box="[197,222,1104,1121]" pageId="21">DT</emphasis>
|
||
, transverse diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA701FFF670EEFB50041BF9C3" blockId="21.[677,1210,1198,1700]" pageId="21">
|
||
The lower teeth stored in the MNHN are apparently smaller and more slender than the specimens from Alcoy stored in the other institutions. But, as already mentioned, it can be observed in the plots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="01A788ABA701FFF670F9FAD102D9FA61" box="[684,763,1388,1414]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,124,1227,1244]" captionTargetBox="[113,1191,216,1184]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 11. — Bivariate plots of the upper cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy and Serrat d’en Vaquer, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Measures taken at the base and at the occlusal surface. Abbreviations: DAP, antero-posterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376653/files/figure.png" pageId="21">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="01A788ABA701FFF67150FAD10303FA61" box="[773,801,1388,1414]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[113,124,1059,1076]" captionTargetBox="[121,1202,221,1016]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 12. — Bivariate plots of the lower cheek teeth of Hipparion crassum Gervais, 1859 from Alcoy and Serrat d’en Vaquer, and Hipparion cf. crassum from Dorkovo. Measures taken at the base and at the occlusal surface. Abbreviations: DAP, antero-posterior diameter; DT, transverse diameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5376655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5376655/files/figure.png" pageId="21">12</figureCitation>
|
||
) that the differences between the compared populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA701FFF671D4FA3103CEFA42" box="[897,1004,1420,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA701FFF671D4FA3103CEFA42" box="[897,1004,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="21">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
disappear when the utilized dimensions have been taken at the base of the teeth. The result is that these differences depend on the age of the animal and are not due to real size differences in the studied sample.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA701FFF570EEF997025DFED5" blockId="21.[677,1210,1198,1700]" lastBlockId="22.[113,647,216,1034]" lastPageId="22" pageId="21">
|
||
There are only two remains of the postcranial skeleton (1FIII and 2FIII). Both are robust and are within the range of variation of the phalanges of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA701FFF670F0F937033AF944" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[677,792,1674,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA701FFF670F0F937033AF944" box="[677,792,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="21">H. crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Perpignan and Le Soler (Lit de la Têt) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA702FFF572FFFF650185FF14" author="ALBERDI M. T. & AYMAR J." box="[170,423,216,243]" pageId="22" pagination="75 - 82" refId="ref15239" refString="ALBERDI M. T. & AYMAR J. 1995. - Etude et comparaison des restes d' Hipparion crassum Gervais (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) provenant de la nouvelle localite " Le Soler (Lit de la Tet) ", Pyrenees-Orientales, France. Estudios Geologicos 51: 75 - 82." type="journal article" year="1995">Alberdi & Aymar 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, they are identical, both in size and robustness to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA702FFF5729BFEA50140FED6" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" box="[206,354,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA702FFF5729BFEA500C9FED6" box="[206,235,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="22">H.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA702FFF57347FEA50140FED6" box="[274,354,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="22">crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Dorkovo (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E18BD4BEA702FFF57046FEAA0251FED5" box="[531,627,279,306]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="22">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA702FFF572DDFE8A01C7FBED" blockId="22.[113,647,216,1034]" pageId="22">
|
||
All the mentioned characters indicate that these remains correspond to a robust medium-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA702FFF57000FEEA0097FE77" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA702FFF57000FEEA0097FE77" italics="true" pageId="22">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with primitive (abundant and deep folds) and relatively brachydont cheek teeth. In addition, the only remains of the appendicular skeleton indicate a strong structure similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA702FFF5704CFE6B00E3FDE8" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1859" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA702FFF5704CFE6B00E3FDE8" italics="true" pageId="22">Hipparion crassum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which characterizes the morphotype 4 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA702FFF57224FDA80135FDC8" author="ALBERDI M. T." box="[113,279,533,559]" pageId="22" pagination="234 - 261" refId="ref15191" refString="ALBERDI M. T. 1989. - A review of old world Hipparionine horses, in PROTHERO D. R. & SCHOCH R. M. (eds), The Evolution of Perissodactyls. Oxford University Press, New York: 234 - 261." type="book chapter" year="1989">Alberdi (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who considered it as representative of the lower Ruscinian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA702FFF573F5FD890211FDA9" author="ALBERDI M. T." box="[416,563,564,590]" pageId="22" pagination="517 - 522" refId="ref15166" refString="ALBERDI M. T. 1986. - The Pliocene species of Hipparion and their biostratigraphical meanings. Geobios 19: 517 - 522." type="journal article" year="1986">Alberdi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA702FFF5706BFD890258FDA9" author="ALBERDI M. T." box="[574,634,564,590]" pageId="22" pagination="234 - 261" refId="ref15191" refString="ALBERDI M. T. 1989. - A review of old world Hipparionine horses, in PROTHERO D. R. & SCHOCH R. M. (eds), The Evolution of Perissodactyls. Oxford University Press, New York: 234 - 261." type="book chapter" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA702FFF573E0FDE902A0FD89" author="DEPERET C." box="[437,642,596,622]" pageId="22" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref15636" refString="DEPERET C. 1890. - Les animaux pliocenes du Roussillon. 1 ere partie. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 3: 1 - 139, 18 pls." type="journal article" year="1890">Depéret (1890: 76</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 77) from Perpignan (Roussillon,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E18BD4BEA702FFF573B0FDC90212FD69" box="[485,560,628,654]" name="France" pageId="22">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
) placed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA702FFF572C0FD2E0107FD4A" author="MEIN P." box="[149,293,659,685]" pageId="22" pagination="73 - 90" refId="ref17325" refString="MEIN P. 1990. - Updating of MN zones, in LINDSAY E. H., FAHLBUSCH V. & MEIN P. (eds), European Neogene Mammal Chronology. Plenum Press, New York: 73 - 90." type="book chapter" year="1990">Mein (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and De
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA702FFF573DEFD2E0245FD4A" author="BRUIJN H. DE & DAAMS R. & HOCK G. & BUSCH V. & GINSBURG L. & MEIN P. & MORALES J." box="[395,615,659,686]" pageId="22" pagination="65 - 118" refId="ref15448" refString="BRUIJN H. DE, DAAMS R., DAXNER- HOCK G., FAHL- BUSCH V., GINSBURG L., MEIN P. & MORALES J. 1992. - Report of the RCMNS working group on fossil mammals, Reisensburg 1990. Newsletter Stratigraphy 26 (2 / 3): 65 - 118." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Bruijn
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA702FFF57389FD290229FD4A" box="[476,523,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the upper Ruscinian (MN15). The structure and morphological characters of this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA702FFF57396FD6E020CFD0B" box="[451,558,723,748]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hipparion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA702FFF57396FD6E020CFD0B" box="[451,558,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="22">Hipparion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicate a more covered environment and with a softer substratum than those of the Pliocene dolichopodial forms of the Iberian Peninsula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD0DE9DFA702FFF57399FC8F008FFC8B" author="ALBERDI M. T. & ALCALA L." pageId="22" pagination="167 - 186" refId="ref15293" refString="ALBERDI M. T. & ALCALA L. 1999. - A study of the new samples of the Pliocene Hipparion (Equidae, Mammalia) from Spain and Bulgaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Earth Sciences) 89: 167 - 186." type="journal article" year="1999">Alberdi & Alcalá 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Besides this, the presence of a mastodont,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA702FFF57224FCCC0156FC6B" authority="Aymard, 1855" authorityName="Aymard" authorityYear="1855" box="[113,372,881,908]" class="Mammalia" family="Gomphotheriidae" genus="Anancus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABE8483CA702FFF57224FCCC00EBFC6C" box="[113,201,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="22">Anancus</emphasis>
|
||
Aymard, 1855
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an animal that feeds on branches and leaves and is generally associated with more wooded environments, could indicate a relatively covered environment on soft ground in the surroundings of the Alcoy site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9923942EA702FFF572FFFBF2026FFB8D" blockId="22.[153,607,1103,1192]" box="[170,589,1103,1130]" pageId="22">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9CEFADA702FFF572AEFBF2026FFB8D" authority="Owen, 1845" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[251,589,1103,1130]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinocerotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">RHINOCEROTIDAE Owen, 1845</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |