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<document id="155D94D316AA3CE52F0AF413DBFF4B98" ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.051.0101" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910814" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683579509749" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Herbert, D. G. &amp; Moussalli, A." docDate="2010" docId="110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.51.1.1-132.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 51 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.051.0101" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.4:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Natalina beyrichi" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="ED32FFBAFF84FFD4D64DFFDCFFE7FFCB" masterDocTitle="Revision of the larger cannibal snails (Natalina s. l.) of southern Africa - Natalina s. s., Afrorhytida and Capitina (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae)" masterLastPageNumber="1" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1699500235731" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5949EE8CF40D5C45437509507159B3B8">Revision of the larger cannibal snails (Natalina s. l.) of southern Africa - Natalina s. s., Afrorhytida and Capitina (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2CBD1107FEAD14A5F3E804AB1E75E0BA">Herbert, D. G.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="991D36D4FFAAFFFAD7E2FE0AFCD7FE24" blockId="46.[144,1104,470,791]" box="[431,816,470,495]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFAAFFFAD7E2FE0AFCD7FE24" ID-CoL="6S635" ID-ENA="583082" authority="(Martens, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[431,816,470,495]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFAAFFFAD7E2FE0AFD92FE25" box="[431,629,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Natalina beyrichi</emphasis>
(Martens, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D1B8655FFFAAFFFAD78EFE22FCFBFDDC" box="[451,796,510,535]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFAAFFFAD78EFE22FCFBFDDC" blockId="46.[144,1104,470,791]" box="[451,796,510,535]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFAAFFFAD78EFE22FDF8FDDC" box="[451,543,510,535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[144,177,1580,1600]" captionTargetBox="[141,1101,925,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-275@6.[141,1101,925,1563]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Feeding in Natalina: (A–C) N. cafra natalensis, captive animals consuming: (A) Achatina immaculata, (B) Cornu aspersum and (C) Elisolimax flavescens; (D) N.beyrichi as found in leaf-litter,Mntafufu, E. Cape, with tail inserted in shell of Gittenedouardia carinifera, extracting calcium (NMSA W2970)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910820/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFAAFFFAD466FE22FDA8FDDC" box="[555,591,510,535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[181,214,1599,1619]" captionTargetBox="[185,1135,1267,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-455@15.[181,1141,1261,1585]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Radulae of Natalina, Afrorhytida and Capitina (all NMSA):(A) N. beyrichi (Martens, 1890) (W0591), scale bar = 1.0 mm; (B) A. kraussi (Pfeiffer, 1846) (W3351), scale bar = 500 µm; (C) C. calcicola sp. n. (paratype, W3360/T2270), scale bar = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910834/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">8A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFAAFFFAD416FE22FD6DFDDC" box="[603,650,510,535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[181,214,1505,1525]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,645,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-239@25.[189,1134,645,1486]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Natalina s.s. spermatophores (all NMSA): (A) N.cafra amathole subsp. n. (W4193), length 21 mm; (B) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n. (W7136), length 18.3 mm; (C) N. cafra eumacta (W4055, Manubi Forest), distorted spermatophore with finger-like process on tail region, length 12 mm; (D) N. c. eumacta (W4160, Manubi Forest), well preserved spermatophore lacking finger-like process on tail region, length 18.5 mm; (E) N. beyrichi (W4123), length 25.8 mm; (F) N. quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (paratype, W3305/T2559), length 26.5 mm. The lengths given are for the spermatophore as if straightened out." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910850/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">14E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFAAFFFAD4DBFE22FD2EFDDC" box="[662,713,510,535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[181,214,1471,1491]" captionTargetBox="[179,1139,202,1454]" captionTargetId="figure-10@27.[179,1139,202,1454]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 15. Natalina s.s., living animals of larger species (all NMSA): (A) N. beyrichi, Hluleka (W2895), shell diameter 41.5 mm; (B) N. cafra cafra, Mountain Drive, Grahamstown (W5212), shell diameter 30.0 mm; (C) N. cafra amathole subsp. n., Hogsback (paratype, W6371/T2309), shell diameter 39.0 mm; (D) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n., Pietermaritzburg (specimen not collected), shell diameter approx. 58 mm; (E) N. c. natalensis subsp. n., Mtamvuna (paratype, W0308/T2370), shell diameter 40.3 mm; (F) N. cafra eumacta, Mazeppa Bay (W4044), shell diameter 40.4 mm; (G) N. c. eumacta, Dwesa (V7868), shell diameter 48.3 mm; (H) N. c. eumacta, egg, Manubi Forest (W4067), scale in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910852/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">15A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFAAFFFAD499FE22FCFBFDDC" box="[724,796,510,535]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="46.[144,177,1553,1573]" captionStartId-1="47.[181,214,1623,1643]" captionStartId-2="49.[181,214,1625,1645]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1112,838,1539]" captionTargetBox-1="[187,1133,1130,1600]" captionTargetBox-2="[227,1091,895,1607]" captionTargetId-0="figure-210@46.[152,1112,838,1539]" captionTargetId-1="figure-309@47.[181,1141,1122,1608]" captionTargetId-2="figure-290@49.[227,1091,895,1607]" captionTargetPageId-0="46" captionTargetPageId-1="47" captionTargetPageId-2="49" captionText-0="Fig. 30. Natalina beyrichi (Martens, 1890): (A–C) lectotype of Aerope beyrichi Martens, 1890 (here designated) (MNHU 42394), diameter 59 mm, height 38 mm (photographs courtesy of Thomas von Rintelin and Lothar Maitas); (D–F) Mbotyi (NMSA W0591), diameter 54.7 mm; (G) elevated specimen, Hluleka (NMSA W3023), diameter 41.0 mm; (H) depressed specimen, Port St Johns (NMSA E7862), diameter 57.5 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 31. Natalina beyrichi (Martens, 1890), radula, Mbotyi (NMSA W0591): (A) entire width of radula, scale bar = 1.0 mm; (B) vestigial marginal teeth, scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 32. Distribution of Natalina beyrichi (Martens, 1890). Triangles with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli et al. 2009); contours at 1000 m and 1500 m." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911435" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910894" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910898" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7911435/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7910894/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7910898/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">30–32</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B8655FFFAAFFFAD6DDFDF9FC42FDA3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFAAFFFAD6DDFDF9FBA8FD9B" blockId="46.[144,1104,470,791]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFAAFFFAD6DDFDF9FE29FDF3" ID-CoL="64ZY4" authority=": Martens 1890: 85" authorityName=": Martens" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1890" box="[144,462,548,569]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Aerope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFAAFFFAD6DDFDF9FEC7FDF2" box="[144,288,549,569]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Aerope beyrichi</emphasis>
: Martens 1890: 85
</taxonomicName>
; 1894: 1; 1897: 35, pl. 6, figs 1–3. 
<typeStatus id="46198876FFAAFFFAD546FDF8FCDFFDF3" box="[779,824,548,568]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
loc.: Pondoland [C. Beyrich]. 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFAAFFFAD6DDFDE1FDB3FD9B" ID-CoL="6S635" authority=": Melvill &amp; Ponsonby 1898: 170" authorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="1898" box="[144,596,572,593]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFAAFFFAD6DDFDE1FEC9FD9A" box="[144,302,573,593]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Natalina beyrichi</emphasis>
: Melvill &amp; Ponsonby 1898: 170
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FD334B25FFAAFFFAD411FDE0FD1EFD9B" author="STURANY, R." box="[604,761,572,592]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="537 - 642" refId="ref76681" refString="STURANY, R. 1898. Catalog der bisher bekannt gewordenen Sudafrikanischen Land- und Susswasser- Mollusken mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des von Dr Penther gesammelten Materiales. Wien: Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Commission bei C. Gerold, pp. 1 - 106. [Also published in Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen 67: 537 - 642]." type="journal article" year="1898">Sturany 1898: 30</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FD334B25FFAAFFFAD54FFDE0FC21FD9B" author="MOLLENDORFF, O. F. &amp; VON" box="[770,966,572,592]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1" refId="ref74264" refString="MOLLENDORFF, O. F., VON. 1903. Agnatha Moerch. Die Raublungenschnecken. In: Kuster, H. C., Martini, F. H. W. &amp; Chemnitz, J. H., eds, Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. 2 nd ed. Vol. 1, part 12 b. Nurnburg: Bauer &amp; Raspe." type="book chapter" year="1903">Möllendorff 1903: 21</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 4, figs 1–3;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFAAFFFAD6BDFD88FC42FDA3" blockId="46.[144,1104,470,791]" box="[240,933,596,616]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<bibRefCitation id="FD334B25FFAAFFFAD6BDFD88FE7BFDA3" author="CONNOLLY, M." box="[240,412,596,616]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="9 - 306" refId="ref71572" refString="CONNOLLY, M. 1912. Revised reference list of South African non-marine Mollusca; with descriptions of new species in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 11: 9 - 306." type="journal article" year="1912">Connolly 1912: 90</bibRefCitation>
; 1939: 106, pl. 4, figs 1–3; 
<bibRefCitation id="FD334B25FFAAFFFAD4D9FD88FC46FDA3" author="HERBERT, D. &amp; KILBURN, D." box="[660,929,596,616]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref72968" refString="HERBERT, D. &amp; KILBURN, D. 2004. Field guide to the land snails and slugs of eastern South Africa. Natal Museum: Pietermaritzburg." type="book" year="2004">Herbert &amp; Kilburn 2004: 222</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B8655FFFAAFFE6D6DDFDAAFD96FE6C" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFAAFFFAD6DDFDAAFBB7FD04" blockId="46.[144,1104,470,791]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Etymology: Named for Conrad Beyrich (dates not known), a German engineer. In 1888 he travelled through Pondoland (north-eastern E. 
<collectingRegion id="5B66F836FFAAFFFAD481FD4AFCE0FD64" box="[716,775,662,687]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Cape</collectingRegion>
) with fellow German, Frans Ewald Bachmann, visiting localities from the Mtamvuna River south to Port St Johns.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFAAFFFBD6DDFD02FC3BFECC" blockId="46.[144,1104,470,791]" lastBlockId="47.[181,1142,206,1079]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Identification: A relatively easily identified species on account of its depressed shape, comparatively strongly sculptured base, wide umbilicus and coastal distribution in the north-eastern E. 
<collectingRegion id="5B66F836FFABFFFBD721FF12FE4EFF2C" box="[364,425,206,231]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Cape</collectingRegion>
; a range which overlaps only with that of 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFABFFFBD523FF12FBCBFF2D" authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[878,1068,206,230]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cafra" subSpecies="eumacta">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFABFFFBD523FF12FBCBFF2D" box="[878,1068,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. cafra eumacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is taller, more globose and has a narrower, partially obscured umbilicus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CDDD665CFFAAFFFAD6DDF9CDFDDFF94E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7911435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911435/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[144,177,1553,1573]" targetBox="[152,1112,838,1539]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFAAFFFAD6DDF9CDFDDFF94E" blockId="46.[144,1104,1553,1669]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Fig. 30. 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFAAFFFAD6AFF9CEFDCEF9EE" authority="(Martens, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[226,553,1553,1574]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFAAFFFAD6AFF9CEFE61F9ED" box="[226,390,1554,1574]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Natalina beyrichi</emphasis>
(Martens, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
: (A–C) lectotype of 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFAAFFFAD4BFF9CEFBFFF9EE" authority="Martens, 1890" authorityName=": Martens" authorityYear="1890" box="[754,1048,1553,1574]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Aerope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFAAFFFAD4BFF9CEFC60F9ED" box="[754,903,1554,1574]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Aerope beyrichi</emphasis>
Martens, 1890
</taxonomicName>
(here designated) (MNHU 42394), diameter 59 mm, height 38 mm (photographs courtesy of Thomas von Rintelin and Lothar Maitas); (D–F) Mbotyi (NMSA W0591), diameter 54.7 mm; (G) elevated specimen, Hluleka (NMSA W3023), diameter 41.0 mm; (H) depressed specimen, Port St Johns (NMSA E7862), diameter 57.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFABFFFBD6F8FECAFC67FDC4" blockId="47.[181,1142,206,1079]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Description (
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFABFFFBD705FECAFE79FEE4" box="[328,414,278,303]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[144,177,1553,1573]" captionTargetBox="[152,1112,838,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-210@46.[152,1112,838,1539]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 30. Natalina beyrichi (Martens, 1890): (A–C) lectotype of Aerope beyrichi Martens, 1890 (here designated) (MNHU 42394), diameter 59 mm, height 38 mm (photographs courtesy of Thomas von Rintelin and Lothar Maitas); (D–F) Mbotyi (NMSA W0591), diameter 54.7 mm; (G) elevated specimen, Hluleka (NMSA W3023), diameter 41.0 mm; (H) depressed specimen, Port St Johns (NMSA E7862), diameter 57.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911435/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
): Shell large and relatively depressed, thin and fragile; periphery at or below mid-whorl; suture somewhat above mid-whorl, but descending to a variable degree prior to aperture at maturity. Protoconch diameter typically 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFABFFFBD5F0FE8AFBC7FEA4" box="[957,1056,342,367]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
, but its limit difficult to determine in many specimens. Apical surface sculptured by close-set axial riblets which remain obvious on base; junction between dull upper surface and more shiny base forming a relatively distinct line at the periphery; umbilicus wide, not obscured at all by columella lip when viewed basally; long axis of aperture more or less horizontal or only slightly oblique; outer lip not thickened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFABFFFBD69DFDC1FE30FD9D" blockId="47.[181,1142,206,1079]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Periostracum olive-green to olive-brown with frequent radial bands in darker shades, particularly on last whorl.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFABFFFBD69DFDBFFDCFFD57" blockId="47.[181,1142,206,1079]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Dimensions: Largest specimen (NMSA W5414, Port St Johns), diameter 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFABFFFBD244FDBFFB96FDB7" box="[1033,1137,611,636]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.31" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="63.1">63.1 mm</quantity>
; H:D of adults 0.57–0.74 (N=28).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFABFFFBD6F8FD76FBAEFCE8" blockId="47.[181,1142,206,1079]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Living animal (
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFABFFFBD710FD76FE24FD08" box="[349,451,682,707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[181,214,1471,1491]" captionTargetBox="[179,1139,202,1454]" captionTargetId="figure-10@27.[179,1139,202,1454]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 15. Natalina s.s., living animals of larger species (all NMSA): (A) N. beyrichi, Hluleka (W2895), shell diameter 41.5 mm; (B) N. cafra cafra, Mountain Drive, Grahamstown (W5212), shell diameter 30.0 mm; (C) N. cafra amathole subsp. n., Hogsback (paratype, W6371/T2309), shell diameter 39.0 mm; (D) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n., Pietermaritzburg (specimen not collected), shell diameter approx. 58 mm; (E) N. c. natalensis subsp. n., Mtamvuna (paratype, W0308/T2370), shell diameter 40.3 mm; (F) N. cafra eumacta, Mazeppa Bay (W4044), shell diameter 40.4 mm; (G) N. c. eumacta, Dwesa (V7868), shell diameter 48.3 mm; (H) N. c. eumacta, egg, Manubi Forest (W4067), scale in millimetres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910852/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
): Head-foot grey to greyish brown or brown, dorsal neck region and optic tentacles somewhat darker, generally lacking pale longitudinal stripes extending backward from optic tentacles; sides of foot paler, particularly beneath shell; pedal margin tinged with orange, tail sometimes brightly so; mantle edge bright orange.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFABFFFBD6F8FCEDFE2FFCA1" blockId="47.[181,1142,206,1079]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Radula (
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFABFFFBD75BFCEDFE8AFC81" box="[278,365,817,842]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="47.[181,214,1623,1643]" captionTargetBox="[187,1133,1130,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-309@47.[181,1141,1122,1608]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Fig. 31. Natalina beyrichi (Martens, 1890), radula, Mbotyi (NMSA W0591): (A) entire width of radula, scale bar = 1.0 mm; (B) vestigial marginal teeth, scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910894/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
): Formula 1+5+~22 (N=2); length in adult 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFABFFFBD529FCEDFC03FC81" box="[868,996,817,842]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="34.0">34–38 mm</quantity>
, with 44–56 transverse rows of teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFABFFFBD6F8FCA4FC55FC1A" blockId="47.[181,1142,206,1079]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distal genitalia: Epiphallus with a well-developed bulla near its junction with vas deferens; internally this has a hollow central core continuous with the epiphallus lumen, its junction with the latter being bounded by a raised circular flange.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFABFFE4D6F8FC02FC10FE8C" blockId="47.[181,1142,206,1079]" lastBlockId="48.[143,1105,206,1491]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Spermatophore (
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFABFFFBD722FC02FE34FC3C" box="[367,467,990,1015]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[181,214,1505,1525]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,645,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-239@25.[189,1134,645,1486]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 14. Natalina s.s. spermatophores (all NMSA): (A) N.cafra amathole subsp. n. (W4193), length 21 mm; (B) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n. (W7136), length 18.3 mm; (C) N. cafra eumacta (W4055, Manubi Forest), distorted spermatophore with finger-like process on tail region, length 12 mm; (D) N. c. eumacta (W4160, Manubi Forest), well preserved spermatophore lacking finger-like process on tail region, length 18.5 mm; (E) N. beyrichi (W4123), length 25.8 mm; (F) N. quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (paratype, W3305/T2559), length 26.5 mm. The lengths given are for the spermatophore as if straightened out." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910850/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
): Well preserved allospermatophores have been found in 
<specimenCount id="8FA4FD5DFFABFFFBD201FC02FECAFBDC" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
, collected in early November (NMSA W4123, W4125). Straightened length 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFABFFFBD6F8FBC2FED6FBFC" box="[181,305,1054,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="18.0">18–26 mm</quantity>
. In general form these resemble those of 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFABFFFBD4B9FBC3FCA8FBFC" authorityName=": Bruggen" authorityYear="2004" box="[756,847,1055,1079]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cafra">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFABFFFBD4B9FBC3FCA8FBFC" box="[756,847,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. cafra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspp. and were strongly curved 
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D6A9FF12FECEFF2D" box="[228,297,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">in situ</emphasis>
in the oviduct caecum. Notably, they differ in having a well-developed thumb-like projection on the outer side, at the base of the recurved tail region. This is more substantial than the similar projection sometimes seen in the spermatophores of 
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D6DDFEF2FECDFE8D" box="[144,298,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
N. c. 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB4FFE4D686FEF2FECDFE8D" authorityName=": Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" authorityYear="1892" box="[203,298,302,326]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eumacta">eumacta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D72DFEF2FDEAFE8D" box="[352,525,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
N. c. 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB4FFE4D7D6FEF2FDEAFE8D" authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[411,525,302,326]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="natalensis">natalensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. It is clearly formed in the epiphallus bulla.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CDDD665CFFABFFFBD6F8F98BFC61F948" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910894/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" startId="47.[181,214,1623,1643]" targetBox="[187,1133,1130,1600]" targetPageId="47" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFABFFFBD6F8F98BFC61F948" blockId="47.[181,1142,1623,1667]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Fig. 31. 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFABFFFBD749F98BFDA5F9A0" authority="(Martens, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[260,578,1623,1643]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFABFFFBD749F98BFE43F9A0" box="[260,420,1623,1643]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Natalina beyrichi</emphasis>
(Martens, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFABFFFBD401F98BFD33F9A0" authority=", Mbotyi" authorityName="Mbotyi" box="[588,724,1623,1643]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="radula">radula, Mbotyi</taxonomicName>
(NMSA W0591): (A) entire width of radula, scale bar = 1.0 mm; (B) vestigial marginal teeth, scale bar = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFB4FFE4D6DDFE8AFC5BFE01" blockId="48.[143,1105,206,1491]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Type material: 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D757FE8AFC5FFE01" collectionCode="MNHU" location="Museum" municipality="Nine" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Berlin" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectingMunicipality id="7979ACAEFFB4FFE4D757FE8AFEA1FEA1" box="[282,326,342,362]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Nine</collectingMunicipality>
<typeStatus id="46198876FFB4FFE4D701FE8AFE7CFEA1" box="[332,411,342,362]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
in 
<collectingRegion id="5B66F836FFB4FFE4D7F7FE8AFE14FEA1" box="[442,499,342,362]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Berlin</collectingRegion>
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D7B4FE8AFDAFFEA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D7B4FE8AFDAFFEA1" box="[505,584,342,362]" municipality="Nine" name="Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Berlin">Museum</location>
(
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D418FE8AFD78FEA1" box="[597,671,342,362]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">MNHU</collectionCode>
: 42394). We designate the specimen figured by Martens (1897) and re-illustrated here (
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFB4FFE4D7A3FEB2FDB9FE49" box="[494,606,366,386]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[144,177,1553,1573]" captionTargetBox="[152,1112,838,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-210@46.[152,1112,838,1539]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 30. Natalina beyrichi (Martens, 1890): (A–C) lectotype of Aerope beyrichi Martens, 1890 (here designated) (MNHU 42394), diameter 59 mm, height 38 mm (photographs courtesy of Thomas von Rintelin and Lothar Maitas); (D–F) Mbotyi (NMSA W0591), diameter 54.7 mm; (G) elevated specimen, Hluleka (NMSA W3023), diameter 41.0 mm; (H) depressed specimen, Port St Johns (NMSA E7862), diameter 57.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911435/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 30A–C</figureCitation>
) to be the 
<typeStatus id="46198876FFB4FFE4D4F4FEB2FCE9FE49" box="[697,782,366,386]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, diameter 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D527FEB2FC5BFE49" box="[874,956,366,386]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.95" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="59.5">59.5 mm</quantity>
, height 38.0 mm (Martens gave the dimensions as diameter 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D442FE5AFDB7FE51" box="[527,592,390,410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
, height 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D4DBFE5AFD30FE51" box="[662,727,390,410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
, but this may refer to the largest specimen rather than the one figured). Connolly’s mention of the ‘type in Zool. Mus. Berlin’ (
<bibRefCitation id="FD334B25FFB4FFE4D53CFE42FC1CFE79" author="CONNOLLY, M." box="[881,1019,414,434]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="9 - 306" refId="ref71572" refString="CONNOLLY, M. 1912. Revised reference list of South African non-marine Mollusca; with descriptions of new species in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 11: 9 - 306." type="journal article" year="1912">Connolly 1912</bibRefCitation>
) does not constitute a 
<typeStatus id="46198876FFB4FFE4D6B0FE6AFEB7FE01" box="[253,336,438,458]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation since he did not specify any 
<specimenCount id="8FA4FD5DFFB4FFE4D48BFE6AFCA4FE01" box="[710,835,438,458]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
in particular
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFB4FFE4D6DDFE0BFCD2FA80" blockId="48.[143,1105,206,1491]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D6DDFE0BFBFCFDD0" collectingDate="2001-03-05" collectionCode="NMSA, ELM" collectorName="M. Bursey" country="South Africa" county="Mkambati Nat. Res." latitude="-31.2955" location="Msikaba" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.9292" municipality="Super Bowl' forest" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="D13333" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
Additional material examined (all 
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D7F1FE0BFE1BFE20" box="[444,508,471,491]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
unless otherwise indicated): 
<collectingCountry id="E1B57644FFB4FFE4D4B4FE0BFC7AFE20" box="[761,925,471,491]" name="South Africa" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D5EEFE0BFC0EFE20" box="[931,1001,471,491]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
E. 
<collectingRegion id="5B66F836FFB4FFE4D5F7FE0BFC0EFE20" box="[954,1001,471,491]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cape</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCounty id="707C4E58FFB4FFE4D5B9FE0BFF0EFDC8" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mkambati Nat. Res.</collectingCounty>
, ‘ 
<collectingMunicipality id="7979ACAEFFB4FFE4D6B5FE33FE49FDC8" box="[248,430,495,515]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Super Bowl’ forest</collectingMunicipality>
at junction of 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D470FE33FD6CFDC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D470FE33FD6CFDC8" box="[573,651,495,515]" country="South Africa" county="Mkambati Nat. Res." latitude="-31.2955" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.9292" municipality="Super Bowl' forest" name="Msikaba" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Msikaba</location>
and 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4F1FE33FCD7FDC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4F1FE33FCD7FDC8" box="[700,816,495,515]" country="South Africa" county="Mkambati Nat. Res." latitude="-31.2955" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.9292" municipality="Super Bowl' forest" name="KwaDlambu" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">KwaDlambu</location>
rivers (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D536FE33FC3DFDC8" box="[891,986,494,515]" degrees="31.2955" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="-31.2955">31.2955°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D590FE33FBA2FDC8" box="[989,1093,494,515]" degrees="29.9292" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="29.9292">29.9292°E</geoCoordinate>
), indigenous forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D7FBFDDBFDFFFDD0" box="[438,536,519,539]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D46EFDDBFD60FDD0" box="[547,647,519,539]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2001-03-05">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D46EFDDBFD60FDD0" box="[547,647,519,539]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2001-03-05">05/iii/2001</collectingDate>
</date>
(V9220 body only, shell in 
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D5DDFDDBFC27FDD0" box="[912,960,519,539]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C9049EAFFFB4FFE4D58AFDDBFBF2FDD0" box="[967,1045,519,539]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D13333</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D26BFDDBFEC8FD80" collectingDate="2001-03-05" collectionCode="NMSA, ELM" collectorName="M. Bursey" country="South Africa" county="Mkambati Nat. Res." latitude="-31.2955" location="Msikaba" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.9292" municipality="Super Bowl' forest" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D6DBFDC3FF12FDF8" box="[150,245,542,563]" degrees="31.2955" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="-31.2955">31.2955°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D6B5FDC3FEB8FDF8" box="[248,351,542,563]" degrees="29.9292" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="29.9292">29.9292°E</geoCoordinate>
), indigenous forest, in leaf-litter beneath 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB4FFE4D49CFDC3FBCCFDF8" authority="Sonder, D. Herbert" authorityName="Sonder, D. Herbert" box="[721,1067,543,563]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Trichilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dregeana">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D49CFDC3FC9EFDF8" box="[721,889,543,563]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Trichilia dregeana</emphasis>
Sonder, D. Herbert
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D27EFDC3FF30FD80" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2001-03-05">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D27EFDC3FF30FD80" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2001-03-05">05/ iii/2001</collectingDate>
</date>
(V8916)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D777FDEBFC2EFDA8" collectingDate="2003-03-03" collectorName="D. Herbert" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.4298" location="Ntsubane Forest" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.7261" municipality="Mbotyi" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingMunicipality id="7979ACAEFFB4FFE4D777FDEBFE98FD80" box="[314,383,567,587]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mbotyi</collectingMunicipality>
, various sites beside road through upper section of forested scarp (
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D5B4FDEBFF2DFDA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D5B4FDEBFF2DFDA8" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.4298" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.7261" municipality="Mbotyi" name="Ntsubane Forest" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Ntsubane Forest</location>
) (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D697FD93FEDEFDA8" box="[218,313,590,611]" degrees="31.4298" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="-31.4298">31.4298°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D771FD93FE44FDA8" box="[316,419,590,611]" degrees="29.7261" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="29.7261">29.7261°E</geoCoordinate>
), coastal forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D4E9FD93FCE1FDA8" box="[676,774,591,611]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D540FD93FC97FDA8" box="[781,880,591,611]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2003-03-03">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D540FD93FC97FDA8" box="[781,880,591,611]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2003-03-03">03/iii/2003</collectingDate>
</date>
(W0591)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D59DFD93FEF2FD58" collectingDate="2005-11-03" collectorName="A. Moussalli &amp; D. Stuart-Fox" country="South Africa" elevation="300" latitude="-31.43107" location="Mbotyi Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.72656" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D59DFD93FBA8FDA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D59DFD93FBA8FDA8" box="[976,1103,591,611]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.43107" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.72656" name="Mbotyi Forest" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Mbotyi Forest</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D6DBFDBBFEE7FDB0" box="[150,256,614,635]" degrees="31.43107" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.43107">31.43107°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D74EFDBBFE91FDB0" box="[259,374,614,635]" degrees="29.72656" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.72656">29.72656°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D7C5FDBBFE7AFDB0" box="[392,413,615,635]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D7EEFDBBFE07FDB0" box="[419,480,615,635]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="128FD1E7FFB4FFE4D7EEFDBBFE07FDB0" box="[419,480,615,635]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, indigenous forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D544FDBBFC99FDB0" box="[777,894,615,635]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D5D0FDBBFBFBFDB0" box="[925,1052,615,635]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D26BFDBBFF5AFD58" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-03">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D26BFDBBFF5AFD58" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-03">3/xi/ 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W4123)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D750FDA3FF0EFD60" collectingDate="2006-07-08" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="R. Botha" country="South Africa" elevation="500" latitude="-31.4333" location="Egossa Forest" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.6333" municipality="Magwa Falls" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="W02995" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingMunicipality id="7979ACAEFFB4FFE4D750FDA3FE74FD58" box="[285,403,639,659]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Magwa Falls</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D7D7FDA3FDF1FD58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D7D7FDA3FDF1FD58" box="[410,534,639,659]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.4333" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.6333" municipality="Magwa Falls" name="Egossa Forest" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Egossa Forest</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D46CFDA3FD67FD58" box="[545,640,638,659]" degrees="31.4333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="-31.4333">31.4333°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D4CEFDA3FD0DFD58" box="[643,746,638,659]" degrees="29.6333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="29.6333">29.6333°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D4B4FDA3FCE9FD58" box="[761,782,639,659]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D55FFDA3FCABFD58" box="[786,844,639,659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="128FD1E7FFB4FFE4D55FFDA3FCABFD58" box="[786,844,639,659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D519FDA3FC42FD58" box="[852,933,639,659]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">R. Botha</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D5E1FDA3FBF3FD58" box="[940,1044,639,659]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-07-08">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D5E1FDA3FBF3FD58" box="[940,1044,639,659]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-07-08">08/vii/2006</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D252FDA3FBB7FD58" box="[1055,1104,639,659]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C9049EAFFFB4FFE4D6DDFD4BFF04FD60" box="[144,227,663,683]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">W02995</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D6BBFD4BFD8DFD08" collectingDate="2006-01-24" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="Mzimvubu R. &amp; M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.509722" location="Port St Johns area" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.448883" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="D14771" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D6BBFD4BFE4FFD60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D6BBFD4BFE4FFD60" box="[246,424,663,683]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.509722" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.448883" name="Port St Johns area" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Port St Johns area</location>
, east bank of 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D47EFD4BFD5EFD60" box="[563,697,663,683]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mzimvubu R.</collectorName>
, 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D488FD4BFCE5FD60" box="[709,770,663,683]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
upstream of mouth (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D582FD4BFBACFD60" box="[975,1099,662,683]" degrees="31.509722" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.509722">31.509722°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D6DDFD73FEEEFD08" box="[144,265,686,707]" degrees="29.448883" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.448883">29.448883°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D755FD73FE9FFD08" box="[280,376,687,707]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D732FD73FE31FD08" box="[383,470,687,707]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-01-24">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D732FD73FE31FD08" box="[383,470,687,707]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-01-24">24/i/2006</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D7ACFD73FDF5FD08" box="[481,530,687,707]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C9049EAFFFB4FFE4D45BFD73FD84FD08" box="[534,611,687,707]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D14771</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D43FFD73FC51FD38" collectingDate="2005-04-23" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; L. Davis &amp; Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.5559" location="Mntafufu" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.6261" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D43FFD73FD2DFD08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D43FFD73FD2DFD08" box="[626,714,687,707]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.5559" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="29.6261" name="Mntafufu" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Mntafufu</location>
, north side of river (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D536FD73FC3DFD08" box="[891,986,686,707]" degrees="31.5559" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="-31.5559">31.5559°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D590FD73FBA2FD08" box="[989,1093,686,707]" degrees="29.6261" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="29.6261">29.6261°E</geoCoordinate>
), coastal forest, in leaf-litter, one individual found eating 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB4FFE4D4C0FD1BFF20FD38" authority="(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Cerastidae" genus="Gittenedouardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carinifera">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D4C0FD1BFC63FD10" box="[653,900,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gittenedouardia carinifera</emphasis>
(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D69DFD03FED4FD38" box="[208,307,735,755]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D771FD03FE6DFD38" box="[316,394,735,755]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L. Davis</collectorName>
&amp; M. 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D78AFD03FDEFFD38" box="[455,520,735,755]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D45CFD03FD95FD38" box="[529,626,735,755]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-23">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D45CFD03FD95FD38" box="[529,626,735,755]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-23">23/iv/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W1831, W2969, W2970, W3025)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D5F2FD03FDCEFCE8" collectingDate="2004-04-29" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.55021" location="Mntafufu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.61777" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto, south side of river (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D690FD2BFEAFFCC0" box="[221,328,758,779]" degrees="31.55021" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.55021">31.55021°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D707FD2BFE5AFCC0" box="[330,445,758,779]" degrees="29.61777" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.61777">29.61777°E</geoCoordinate>
), coastal scarp forest, amongst talus and leaf-litter at base of road cutting, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D6DDFCD3FF08FCE8" box="[144,239,783,803]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Herbert</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D745FCD3FE80FCE8" box="[264,359,783,803]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D723FCD3FE37FCE8" box="[366,464,783,803]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2004-04-29">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D723FCD3FE37FCE8" box="[366,464,783,803]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2004-04-29">29/iv/2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(W1823)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D47DFCD3FD97FCF0" collectingDate="2006-07-06" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="R. Botha" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.60833" location="Port St Johns" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.55" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="W03000" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D47DFCD3FD40FCE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D47DFCD3FD40FCE8" box="[560,679,783,803]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.60833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.55" name="Port St Johns" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Port St Johns</location>
, east bank, 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D546FCD3FCD0FCE8" box="[779,823,783,803]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
from river mouth (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D593FCD3FBABFCE8" box="[990,1100,782,803]" degrees="31.60833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.60833">31.60833°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D6DDFCFBFF19FCF0" box="[144,254,806,827]" degrees="29.55000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.55">29.55000°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D742FCFBFE85FCF0" box="[271,354,807,827]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">R. Botha</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D721FCFBFE33FCF0" box="[364,468,807,827]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-07-06">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D721FCFBFE33FCF0" box="[364,468,807,827]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-07-06">06/vii/2006</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D7ACFCFBFDF5FCF0" box="[481,530,807,827]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C9049EAFFFB4FFE4D455FCFBFD8DFCF0" box="[536,618,807,827]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">W03000</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D437FCFBFC23FC98" collectingDate="2003-03-04" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="D. Herbert" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.60953" location="Isinuka" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.47989" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto, 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4E2FCFBFD15FCF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4E2FCFBFD15FCF0" box="[687,754,807,827]" latitude="-31.60953" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.47989" name="Isinuka" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Isinuka</location>
sulphur springs and travertine deposit (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D6DBFCE3FEE7FC98" box="[150,256,830,851]" degrees="31.60953" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.60953">31.60953°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D74EFCE3FE91FC98" box="[259,374,830,851]" degrees="29.47989" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.47989">29.47989°E</geoCoordinate>
), woodland/forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D4D6FCE3FD19FC98" box="[667,766,831,851]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D54BFCE3FC8DFC98" box="[774,874,831,851]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2003-03-04">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D54BFCE3FC8DFC98" box="[774,874,831,851]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2003-03-04">04/iii/2003</collectingDate>
</date>
(W0538)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D580FCE3FEAAFC48" collectingDate="2005-04-23" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; L. Davis &amp; Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.61185" location="Mt. Thesiger" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.50202" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto, southern side of 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D682FC8BFEA5FCA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D682FC8BFEA5FCA0" box="[207,322,855,875]" latitude="-31.61185" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.50202" name="Mt. Thesiger" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mt. Thesiger</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D701FC8BFE51FCA0" box="[332,438,854,875]" degrees="31.61185" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.61185">31.61185°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D7F5FC8BFDCCFCA0" box="[440,555,854,875]" degrees="29.50202" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.50202">29.50202°E</geoCoordinate>
), scarp forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D553FC8BFC98FCA0" box="[798,895,855,875]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D5CAFC8BFC33FCA0" box="[903,980,855,875]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L. Davis</collectorName>
&amp; M. 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D246FC8BFBABFCA0" box="[1035,1100,855,875]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D6DDFCB3FF16FC48" box="[144,241,879,899]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-23">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D6DDFCB3FF16FC48" box="[144,241,879,899]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-23">23/iv/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W3029)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D714FCB3FDB2FC78" collectingDate="2005-11-08" collectingDateMax="2013-05" collectingDateMin="2005-11-08" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="A. Moussalli &amp; D. Stuart-Fox" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.61519" location="Port St Johns" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.54526" municipality="Mzimvubu" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto, north of 
<collectingMunicipality id="7979ACAEFFB4FFE4D7ACFCB3FDA3FC48" box="[481,580,879,899]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mzimvubu</collectingMunicipality>
R. (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D423FCB3FD3EFC48" box="[622,729,878,899]" degrees="31.61519" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.61519">31.61519°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D496FCB3FCA8FC48" box="[731,847,878,899]" degrees="29.54526" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.54526">29.54526°E</geoCoordinate>
), indigenous forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D688FC5BFEDBFC50" box="[197,316,903,923]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D710FC5BFE3AFC50" box="[349,477,903,923]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D7A5FC5BFDADFC50" box="[488,586,903,923]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-08">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D7A5FC5BFDADFC50" box="[488,586,903,923]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-08">08/xi/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W5414); 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4FCFC5BFCCAFC50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4FCFC5BFCCAFC50" box="[689,813,903,923]" latitude="-31.61519" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.54526" municipality="Mzimvubu" name="Port St Johns" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Port St Johns</location>
(not further localised) (A7044, A7130, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D695FC43FEFFFC78" box="[216,280,927,947]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2013-05">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D695FC43FEFFFC78" box="[216,280,927,947]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2013-05">V2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, E7862, 
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D725FC43FE4BFC78" box="[360,428,927,947]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">BMNH</collectionCode>
1937.12.30.1304)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D413FC43FC4BFC00" collectingDate="2005-11-05" collectingDateMax="2013-05" collectingDateMin="2005-11-08" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="A. Moussalli &amp; D. Stuart-Fox" country="South Africa" elevation="100" latitude="-31.64819" location="Second Beach" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.51746" municipality="Mzimvubu" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto, 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4DEFC43FCF3FC78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4DEFC43FCF3FC78" box="[659,788,927,947]" latitude="-31.64819" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.51746" name="Second Beach" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Second Beach</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D552FC43FC6DFC78" box="[799,906,926,947]" degrees="31.64819" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.64819">31.64819°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D5C0FC43FBE7FC78" box="[909,1024,926,947]" degrees="29.51746" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.51746">29.51746°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D25CFC43FBABFC78" box="[1041,1100,927,947]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="128FD1E7FFB4FFE4D25CFC43FBABFC78" box="[1041,1100,927,947]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coastal forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D7C5FC6BFE1AFC00" box="[392,509,951,971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D457FC6BFD7EFC00" box="[538,665,951,971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D4EFFC6BFCE3FC00" box="[674,772,951,971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-05">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D4EFFC6BFCE3FC00" box="[674,772,951,971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-05">05/xi/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W4125, W5413)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D5FBFC6BFCE5FC28" collectingDate="2003-03-05" collectingDateMax="2013-05" collectingDateMin="2005-11-08" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="M. Bursey" country="South Africa" elevation="100" latitude="-31.64903" location="Silaka Nat. Res." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.50339" municipality="Mzimvubu" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="D13835" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto, 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D5A6FC6BFF5FFC28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D5A6FC6BFF5FFC28" latitude="-31.64903" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.50339" name="Silaka Nat. Res." pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Silaka Nat. Res.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D68DFC13FECEFC28" box="[192,297,974,995]" degrees="31.64903" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.64903">31.64903°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D761FC13FE7AFC28" box="[300,413,974,995]" degrees="29.50339" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.50339">29.50339°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D7E6FC13FDEEFC28" box="[427,521,975,995]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D45DFC13FD96FC28" box="[528,625,975,995]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2003-03-05">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D45DFC13FD96FC28" box="[528,625,975,995]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2003-03-05">05/iii/2003</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D436FC13FD4BFC28" box="[635,684,975,995]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C9049EAFFFB4FFE4D4FDFC13FD1BFC28" box="[688,764,975,995]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<accessionNumber id="86F1AB37FFB4FFE4D4FDFC13FD1BFC28" box="[688,764,975,995]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/D13835" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="EnaNcbi">D13835</accessionNumber>
</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D544FC13FEABFBD8" collectingDate="2005-11-14" collectorName="A. Moussalli &amp; D. Stuart-Fox" country="South Africa" elevation="395" latitude="-31.74733" location="Nothintsila" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.20008" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D544FC13FC89FC28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D544FC13FC89FC28" box="[777,878,975,995]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.74733" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.20008" name="Nothintsila" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Nothintsila</location>
, 
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D538FC13FC6DFC28" box="[885,906,975,995]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ca</emphasis>
<locationDeviation id="88AF2FF6FFB4FFE4D5C2FC13FF03FC30" location="Hluleka Nat. Res." pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D5C2FC13FC21FC28" box="[911,966,975,995]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
NW of Hluleka Nat. Res.
</locationDeviation>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D6A3FC3BFEBEFC30" box="[238,345,998,1019]" degrees="31.74733" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.74733">31.74733°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D716FC3BFE29FC30" box="[347,462,998,1019]" degrees="29.20008" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.20008">29.20008°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D792FC3BFDFDFC30" box="[479,538,999,1019]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="395.0">
<elevation id="128FD1E7FFB4FFE4D792FC3BFDFDFC30" box="[479,538,999,1019]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="395.0">395 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, indigenous forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D570FC3BFC56FC30" box="[829,945,999,1019]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D583FC3BFBABFC30" box="[974,1100,999,1019]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D6C2FC23FF15FBD8" box="[143,242,1023,1043]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-14">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D6C2FC23FF15FBD8" box="[143,242,1023,1043]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-14">14/xi/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W4734)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D718FC23FC7CFBE0" collectingDate="2005-04-21" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; L. Davis &amp; Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.74738" location="Mpande" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.37078" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D718FC23FE78FBD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D718FC23FE78FBD8" box="[341,415,1023,1043]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.74738" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.37078" name="Mpande" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Mpande</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D7E6FC23FDF1FBD8" box="[427,534,1022,1043]" degrees="31.74738" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.74738">31.74738°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D454FC23FD6BFBD8" box="[537,652,1022,1043]" degrees="29.37078" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.37078">29.37078°E</geoCoordinate>
), coastal forest north of river mouth, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D6C2FBCBFF11FBE0" box="[143,246,1047,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D74FFBCBFEB3FBE0" box="[258,340,1047,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L. Davis</collectorName>
&amp; M. 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D7D4FBCBFE3CFBE0" box="[409,475,1047,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D7AAFBCBFDADFBE0" box="[487,586,1047,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-21">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D7AAFBCBFDADFBE0" box="[487,586,1047,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-21">21/iv/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W2849, W2870, W2872, W2873)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D5EAFBCBFECCFB90" collectingDate="2005-04-20" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; L. Davis &amp; Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.8203" location="Hluleka Nat" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="29.30303" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D5EAFBCBFBFBFBE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D5EAFBCBFBFBFBE0" box="[935,1052,1047,1067]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.8203" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="29.30303" name="Hluleka Nat" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Hluleka Nat</location>
. Res. (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D6DBFBF3FF13FB88" box="[150,244,1070,1091]" degrees="31.8203" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="5" value="-31.8203">31.8203°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D6BAFBF3FE8FFB88" box="[247,360,1070,1091]" degrees="29.30303" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.30303">29.30303°E</geoCoordinate>
), coastal forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D425FBF3FD2EFB88" box="[616,713,1071,1091]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D49DFBF3FCFCFB88" box="[720,795,1071,1091]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L. Davis</collectorName>
&amp; M. 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D51EFBF3FC74FB88" box="[851,915,1071,1091]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D5D6FBF3FC1BFB88" box="[923,1020,1071,1091]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-20">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D5D6FBF3FC1BFB88" box="[923,1020,1071,1091]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-20">20/iv/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W3023, W2895, W2896)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D778FB9BFE72FBB8" collectingDate="2005-04-20" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; L. Davis &amp; Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.82333" location="Hluleka Nat" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.3055" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D726FB9BFE31FB90" box="[363,470,1094,1115]" degrees="31.82333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-31.82333">31.82333°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D795FB9BFDABFB90" box="[472,588,1094,1115]" degrees="29.30550" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="29.3055">29.30550°E</geoCoordinate>
), coastal forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D517FB9BFC58FB90" box="[858,959,1095,1115]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D585FB9BFBF0FB90" box="[968,1047,1095,1115]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L. Davis</collectorName>
&amp; M. 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D6C2FB83FF37FBB8" box="[143,208,1119,1139]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D694FB83FEDBFBB8" box="[217,316,1119,1139]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-20">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D694FB83FEDBFBB8" box="[217,316,1119,1139]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-04-20">20/iv/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W3047)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D7D2FB83FE6EFB40" collectingDate="2005-09-15" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="Xora R. &amp; Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.13833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.9875" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="D14544" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D7D2FB83FE00FBB8" box="[415,487,1119,1139]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Xora R.</collectorName>
mouth 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB4FFE4D466FB83FD17FBB8" authority=", Kwaqana Forest" authorityName="Kwaqana Forest" box="[555,752,1119,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Platypleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">area, Kwaqana Forest</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D4B6FB83FC82FBB8" box="[763,869,1118,1139]" degrees="32.13833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-32.13833">32.13833°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D525FB83FC3CFBB8" box="[872,987,1118,1139]" degrees="28.98750" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="28.9875">28.98750°E</geoCoordinate>
), M. 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D246FB83FBABFBB8" box="[1035,1100,1119,1139]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D6C2FBABFF15FB40" box="[143,242,1143,1163]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-09-15">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D6C2FBABFF15FB40" box="[143,242,1143,1163]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-09-15">15/ix/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D6B2FBABFED7FB40" box="[255,304,1143,1163]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C9049EAFFFB4FFE4D77AFBABFE63FB40" box="[311,388,1143,1163]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D14544</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D7D9FBABFEAAFB68" collectorName="V. van der Walt" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.15" location="Xora River" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="28.983" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D7D9FBABFE1DFB40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D7D9FBABFE1DFB40" box="[404,506,1143,1163]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.15" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="28.983" name="Xora River" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Xora River</location>
mouth (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D405FBABFD7BFB40" box="[584,668,1142,1163]" degrees="32.150" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="-32.15">32.150°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D4D2FBABFD1CFB40" box="[671,763,1142,1163]" degrees="28.983" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="28.983">28.983°E</geoCoordinate>
), washed into mangroves, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D5BCFBABFF5BFB68" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">V. van der Walt</collectorName>
, 1997 (V5311)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D715FB53FEF8FB70" collectingDate="2001-08-26" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.15167" location="Xora river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.99222" municipality="Xora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="D13345" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingMunicipality id="7979ACAEFFB4FFE4D715FB53FE6FFB68" box="[344,392,1167,1187]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Xora</collectingMunicipality>
, east bank of 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D442FB53FD88FB68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D442FB53FD88FB68" box="[527,623,1167,1187]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.15167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.99222" municipality="Xora" name="Xora river" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Xora river</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D433FB53FD0FFB68" box="[638,744,1166,1187]" degrees="32.15167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-32.15167">32.15167°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D4A6FB53FCB9FB68" box="[747,862,1166,1187]" degrees="28.99222" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="28.99222">28.99222°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D53FFB53FC32FB68" box="[882,981,1167,1187]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D5ACFB53FBA8FB68" box="[993,1103,1167,1187]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2001-08-26">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D5ACFB53FBA8FB68" box="[993,1103,1167,1187]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2001-08-26">26/viii/2001</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D6DBFB7BFF20FB70" box="[150,199,1191,1211]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C9049EAFFFB4FFE4D686FB7BFEFEFB70" box="[203,281,1191,1211]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D13345</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D76AFB7BFBACFB70" box="[295,1099,1190,1211]" collectingDate="2003-07-12" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.15888" location="Kumqolo Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.98481" municipality="Xora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="D13686" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto, 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D716FB7BFE09FB70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D716FB7BFE09FB70" box="[347,494,1191,1211]" latitude="-32.15888" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.98481" name="Kumqolo Forest" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kumqolo Forest</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D7B5FB7BFD84FB70" box="[504,611,1190,1211]" degrees="32.15888" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-32.15888">32.15888°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
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), 
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, 
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</date>
(
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)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D6C2FB63FE31FB20" collectingDate="2005-09-14" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.159" location="Kumqolo Forest" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="28.985" municipality="Xora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
ditto, 
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D68BFB63FEB9FB18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D68BFB63FEB9FB18" box="[198,350,1215,1235]" latitude="-32.159" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="28.985" name="Kumqolo Forest" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kumqolo Forest</location>
, small patch of coastal forest on west bank of river (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D505FB63FC7CFB18" box="[840,923,1214,1235]" degrees="32.159" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="-32.159">32.159°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
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), in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D68DFB0BFEFBFB20" box="[192,284,1239,1259]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D76FFB0BFE66FB20" box="[290,385,1239,1259]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-09-14">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D76FFB0BFE66FB20" box="[290,385,1239,1259]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-09-14">14/ix/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W5395)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D791FB0BFC3DFAC8" collectingDate="2005-11-16" collectorName="A. Moussalli &amp; D. Stuart-Fox" country="South Africa" elevation="15" latitude="-32.24435" location="The Haven Nat. Res." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.906" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D791FB0BFD76FB20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D791FB0BFD76FB20" box="[476,657,1239,1259]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.24435" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.906" name="The Haven Nat. Res." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">The Haven Nat.Res.</location>
, vicinity of camp ground (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D520FB0BFC33FB20" box="[877,980,1238,1259]" degrees="32.24435" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-32.24435">32.24435°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D59BFB0BFBA2FB20" box="[982,1093,1238,1259]" degrees="28.90600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="28.906">28.90600°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D6C2FB33FF26FAC8" box="[143,193,1263,1283]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation id="128FD1E7FFB4FFE4D6C2FB33FF26FAC8" box="[143,193,1263,1283]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, coastal dune forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D7B1FB33FD95FAC8" box="[508,626,1263,1283]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D4DFFB33FCF5FAC8" box="[658,786,1263,1283]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D551FB33FC99FAC8" box="[796,894,1263,1283]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-16">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D551FB33FC99FAC8" box="[796,894,1263,1283]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2005-11-16">16/xi/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(W4149)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB4FFE4D5A9FB33FF5FFAD0" authority="Nat. Res." authorityName="Nat. Res." class="Clitellata" family="Microchaetidae" genus="Proandricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dwesa">Dwesa Nat. Res.</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D68FFADBFEF1FAD0" box="[194,278,1286,1307]" degrees="32.280" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="-32.28">32.280°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D754FADBFE91FAD0" box="[281,374,1286,1307]" degrees="28.842" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="28.842">28.842°E</geoCoordinate>
), coastal forest, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D4A4FADBFCAAFAD0" box="[745,845,1287,1307]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2000-03-06">06/iii/2000</date>
(V7869); 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D5E6FADBFD02FAF8" collectingDate="2006-02-21" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="M. Bursey" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.433" location="Qora" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="28.667" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="D14798" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D5E6FADBFC3CFAD0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D5E6FADBFC3CFAD0" box="[939,987,1287,1307]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.433" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="28.667" name="Qora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Qora</location>
, east bank of river (
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D68BFAC3FEFEFAF8" box="[198,281,1310,1331]" degrees="32.433" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="-32.433">32.433°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D750FAC3FE9EFAF8" box="[285,377,1310,1331]" degrees="28.667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="28.667">28.667°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D7C4FAC3FE0EFAF8" box="[393,489,1311,1331]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">M. Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D7BFFAC3FDA8FAF8" box="[498,591,1311,1331]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-02-21">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D7BFFAC3FDA8FAF8" box="[498,591,1311,1331]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-02-21">21/ii/2006</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D416FAC3FD6BFAF8" box="[603,652,1311,1331]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C9049EAFFFB4FFE4D4DCFAC3FD39FAF8" box="[657,734,1311,1331]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D14798</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="29CA3C89FFB4FFE4D4A0FAC3FCD7FA80" collectingDate="1986-07-26" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="C. Vernon" country="South Africa" elevation="340" latitude="-32.56833" location="Mpetu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.125" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="D10040" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4A0FAC3FCCFFAF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFAAFFE6D7E2FE0AFD96FE6C:9C7D600FFFB4FFE4D4A0FAC3FCCFFAF8" box="[749,808,1311,1331]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.56833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.125" name="Mpetu" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Western Cape">Mpetu</location>
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB4FFE4D563FAC3FBF8FAF8" authority=", Tyityaba, Belladonna" authorityName="Tyityaba, Belladonna" box="[814,1055,1311,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Platypleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">area, Tyityaba, Belladonna</taxonomicName>
farm (
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: 
<geoCoordinate id="FC965013FFB4FFE4D74EFAEBFE91FA80" box="[259,374,1334,1355]" degrees="28.12500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="28.125">28.12500°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D7CAFAEBFE25FA80" box="[391,450,1335,1355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="340.0">
<elevation id="128FD1E7FFB4FFE4D7CAFAEBFE25FA80" box="[391,450,1335,1355]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="340.0">340 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectorName id="34575302FFB4FFE4D786FAEBFDCEFA80" box="[459,553,1335,1355]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C. Vernon</collectorName>
, 
<date id="ED1C1014FFB4FFE4D47FFAEBFD7DFA80" box="[562,666,1335,1355]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1986-07-26">
<collectingDate id="FD58E9FCFFB4FFE4D47FFAEBFD7DFA80" box="[562,666,1335,1355]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1986-07-26">26/vii/1986</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="FFB3AE11FFB4FFE4D4EBFAEBFD30FA80" box="[678,727,1335,1355]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="C9049EAFFFB4FFE4D490FAEBFCCDFA80" box="[733,810,1335,1355]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D10040</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFB4FFE4D6DDFA86FC19FA18" blockId="48.[143,1105,206,1491]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFB4FFE4D769FA86FE91FAB8" box="[292,374,1370,1395]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[181,214,1625,1645]" captionTargetBox="[227,1091,895,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-290@49.[227,1091,895,1607]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 32. Distribution of Natalina beyrichi (Martens, 1890). Triangles with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli et al. 2009); contours at 1000 m and 1500 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910898/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
):A restricted-range E. 
<collectingRegion id="5B66F836FFB4FFE4D422FA86FD4FFAB8" box="[623,680,1370,1395]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cape</collectingRegion>
endemic, known only from the coastal hinterland between Mkambati Nature Reserve and the Kei River valley (Mpetu area). Its distribution seldom reaches far inland (maximum recorded distance from coast ± 
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) and extends along the coast for ± 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D47AFA66FD68FA18" box="[567,655,1466,1491]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="km" value="230.0">230 km</quantity>
; occurs from sea-level to 
<specimenCount id="8FA4FD5DFFB4FFE4D5FDFA66FC19FA18" box="[944,1022,1466,1491]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="generic">
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB4FFE4D5FDFA66FC1DFA18" box="[944,1018,1466,1491]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFB4FFE4D6DDFA3FFE36F9F7" blockId="48.[144,1103,1507,1596]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Habitat: Primarily associated with scarp forests in the Transkei Coastal Belt, but extending also into forest patches within the Eastern Valley Bushveld; in leaf-litter and under logs; locally common.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFB4FFE5D6DDF991FC03FDAC" blockId="48.[144,1104,1613,1670]" lastBlockId="49.[181,1142,206,847]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Notes: 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB4FFE4D6ADF991FE40F9AE" baseAuthorityName="Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[224,423,1613,1637]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB4FFE4D6ADF991FE40F9AE" box="[224,423,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Natalina beyrichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unlikely to be confused with any other species on account of its depressed, widely umbilicate shell and coastal distribution in the north-eastern E. 
<collectingRegion id="5B66F836FFB5FFE5D69EFF12FEF6FF2C" box="[211,273,206,231]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cape</collectingRegion>
. There is some variation in shell height, with specimens from the Hluleka area often having a more elevated spire and in addition a slightly coarser sculpture (
<figureCitation id="01992A51FFB5FFE5D205FF32FF0DFEEC" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[144,177,1553,1573]" captionTargetBox="[152,1112,838,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-210@46.[152,1112,838,1539]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 30. Natalina beyrichi (Martens, 1890): (A–C) lectotype of Aerope beyrichi Martens, 1890 (here designated) (MNHU 42394), diameter 59 mm, height 38 mm (photographs courtesy of Thomas von Rintelin and Lothar Maitas); (D–F) Mbotyi (NMSA W0591), diameter 54.7 mm; (G) elevated specimen, Hluleka (NMSA W3023), diameter 41.0 mm; (H) depressed specimen, Port St Johns (NMSA E7862), diameter 57.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911435/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 30G</figureCitation>
). However, specimens of intermediate height are known and all possess the wide, open umbilicus typical of the species. In analyses of molecular data, elevated specimens cluster together with more typical specimens. Not surprisingly, given its restricted coastal distribution, genetic diversity within 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB5FFE5D4F4FEB2FCDDFE4D" baseAuthorityName="Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[697,826,366,390]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB5FFE5D4F4FEB2FCDDFE4D" box="[697,826,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">N. beyrichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is limited (
<bibRefCitation id="FD334B25FFB5FFE5D58DFEB2FF15FE6C" author="MOUSSALLI, A. &amp; HERBERT, D. G. &amp; STUART-FOX, D." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref74422" refString="MOUSSALLI, A., HERBERT, D. G. &amp; STUART-FOX, D. 2009. A phylogeny of the cannibal snails of southern Africa, genus Natalina sensu lato (Pulmonata: Rhytididae): assessing concordance between morphology and molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (1): 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2009">
Moussalli 
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB5FFE5D276FEB2FB91FE4D" box="[1083,1142,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). The coastal forest habitats favoured by the species would have been largely continuous prior to the impact of humans, facilitating gene flow and preventing the differentiation of local subpopulations. In the south of its range, the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB5FFE5D211FE12FEE8FDCD" baseAuthorityName="Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB5FFE5D211FE12FEE8FDCD" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">N. beyrichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlaps with that of 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB5FFE5D7BAFE32FD55FDCD" authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[503,690,494,518]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="cafra" subSpecies="eumacta">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB5FFE5D7BAFE32FD55FDCD" box="[503,690,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">N. cafra eumacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but that taxon is markedly more globose. The zone of sympatry extends for approximately 
<quantity id="5E5A9B31FFB5FFE5D490FDD2FCC0FDEC" box="[733,807,526,551]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
, between the Kei and Mbashe rivers, but the two taxa have been found to co-occur at few localities. Where they are syntopic, they remain easily separable with no evidence of intergrading.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFB5FFE5D69DFDB2FE9EFCCC" blockId="49.[181,1142,206,847]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Individuals have been collected consuming molluscan prey (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB5FFE5D5F1FDB2FF01FD6C" class="Gastropoda" family="Cerastidae" genus="Gittenedouardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB5FFE5D5F1FDB2FB91FD4D" box="[956,1142,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gittenedouardia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB5FFE5D6BDFD52FE8CFD6C" authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1923" box="[240,363,654,679]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cerastidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Cerastidae</taxonomicName>
), but microchaetid earthworms (
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB5FFE5D482FD52FF08FD0C" authority="Michaelsen, 1913" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1913" class="Clitellata" family="Microchaetidae" genus="Microchaetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pondoanus">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB5FFE5D482FD52FC0FFD6D" box="[719,1000,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Microchaetus pondoanus</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 1913
</taxonomicName>
) are often abundant in the coastal forests of Transkei (
<bibRefCitation id="FD334B25FFB5FFE5D53CFD72FC19FD0C" author="PLISKO, J. D." box="[881,1022,686,711]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="279 - 325" refId="ref75841" refString="PLISKO, J. D. 2003. Eleven new South African earthworms (Oligochaeta: Microchaetidae) with new information on some known species, and an inventory of the microchaetids of KwaZulu-Natal. African Invertebrates 44 (2): 279 - 325." type="journal article" year="2003">Plisko 2003</bibRefCitation>
, and pers. observ.) and these may also be important diet items. Captive animals have readily consumed such prey.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991D36D4FFB5FFE6D6F8FCCAFD96FE6C" blockId="49.[181,1142,206,847]" lastBlockId="50.[144,1104,206,423]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Conservation: 
<taxonomicName id="5EA24D57FFB5FFE5D717FCCAFDF8FCE5" baseAuthorityName="Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[346,543,790,814]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="beyrichi">
<emphasis id="ABD6EAC6FFB5FFE5D717FCCAFDF8FCE5" box="[346,543,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Natalina beyrichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a characteristic element of the coastal forests of the Transkei region and is currently listed as Critically Endangered [CR B1+2c] (IUCN 2010). This is due to its restricted distribution and the threats to coastal forest habitats in much of its range. Such threats are on-going and include mining, subsistence harvesting, invasive plants and trampling by cattle. However, despite its limited range, the species may be locally relatively common. It is protected in conserved areas such as Mkambati, Hluleka and Dwesa nature reserves, but the first and last of these are at or near the ends of its range. Populations in the Mbotyi to Port St Johns area, where it is currently most common, are not protected.
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