311 lines
37 KiB
XML
311 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="C10C9D83F3672B345618A85D77760860" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4232.3.1SLASH10213" ID-CLB-Dataset="36522" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4232.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1969164d-8cc1-4a19-bf61-9a3d3796354b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293689" ID-ZooBank="F8F512BA-DD07-467E-B3C1-840155C70692" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1487318933742" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanamyan, Karen & Sanamyan, Nadya" docDate="2017" docId="CC0787BCFFD507056EDEFDA1FDB0E946" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4232.3.1SLASH10213.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4232 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Styela clavata Pallas 1774" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="303EFFC4FFD107036E49FFB8FFCDEF66" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water Ascidians from Matua Island (central Kuril Islands, NW Pacific)" masterLastPageNumber="321" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="305" updateTime="1698437028228" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="201B9A8F92A2EA6209901905C665FCFE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0DDE4DBB29CE0B957A247DE92B02F860">
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<mods:title id="DEFABD19BE0831D7834A823D05AAA450">Shallow-water Ascidians from Matua Island (central Kuril Islands, NW Pacific)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="467AE2C703812EC2886DC94B54D12A13" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D4ADB460C38EC704545F80AA8BC56836">Sanamyan, Karen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="60F33BB9F8A17218D5611198779E0E69" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7328063AA666806766350A5C4743647C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B9A3EC121CBA3E991C5B56B6BA80D183">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="58A0CFC5DCFEBAC7D740FB6FC758FD47">Sanamyan, Nadya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0B8F7C1618A6F88CD7D3AE6D35C592AE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="727D0AF9756C63DDC96BF3DF5003CFEB">
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<mods:title id="DD682B1F4CCA4CA236EBF59370DD2FAE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5F2775FDEA576F2E8CB6FB024D877BA2">
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<mods:date id="F1F9840AF0101751192D2C89C6090318">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="74FA9E216405976F70B6A0DD76E54963" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6DB7FB7A6DAB7FE4D32568702C97A35B">4232</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8047B5FC41ADB0D9EE1FB34633DCE130" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="40DE41DB8563C3A99C8B64DAE21FF951">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="971168DBE9A2538AE44CB020EFB66F80">301</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6E210C1495135F547F59C3883BD9FF29">321</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8A3C41AF826D2934641607A1AC3802C5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A91C5B64373B704C441722D2961DC987" type="CLB-Dataset">36522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="957D150B99FAEF12702874E79E72FF06" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4232.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="327E61C61BA4116849F83525170EEB00" type="GBIF-Dataset">1969164d-8cc1-4a19-bf61-9a3d3796354b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D10E89D0A3F158151C6A50CE803294FB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A090974601E199EECCD762EB45ED67C5" type="Zenodo-Dep">293689</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4035CF67904C445B0FC191986337B60C" type="ZooBank">F8F512BA-DD07-467E-B3C1-840155C70692</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CC0787BCFFD507056EDEFDA1FDB0E946" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6049274" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127696477" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6049274" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC0787BCFFD507056EDEFDA1FDB0E946" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC0787BCFFD507056EDEFDA1FDB0E946" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<subSubSection id="0CB46521FFD507076EDEFDA1FEE3ED33" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076EDEFDA1FE26ED55" blockId="4.[151,491,537,597]" box="[151,491,537,563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<heading id="1F5981C6FFD507076EDEFDA1FE26ED55" bold="true" box="[151,491,537,563]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD507076EDEFDA1FE26ED55" authority="Pallas, 1774" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1774" box="[151,491,537,563]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076EDEFDA1FE26ED55" bold="true" box="[151,491,537,563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076EDEFDA1FEF1ED55" bold="true" box="[151,316,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Styela clavata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD507076F02FDA1FE2FED55" author="Pallas" box="[331,482,537,563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1774) Spicilegia zoologica: quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur. 1 (10). Gottl. August. Lange, Berlin, 41 pp." type="book" year="1774">Pallas, 1774</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076EDEFD84FEE3ED33" blockId="4.[151,491,537,597]" box="[151,302,572,597]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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(
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<figureCitation id="DC952A2FFFD507076ED7FD84FEC6ED32" box="[158,267,572,597]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Styela clavata. A, intact specimens; B, specimen with test removed; C, specimen opened ventrally; D, branchial sac; E, siphonal spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/312176/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="DC952A2FFFD507076F5EFD84FEE8ED33" box="[279,293,572,597]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,763,785]" captionTargetBox="[284,1293,203,714]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[235,1352,193,742]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Styela clavata. A, distal part of gonad; B, tentacles, dorsal tubercle, ganglion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293693/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0CB46521FFD507076EDEFD3CFDF1EC55" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076EDEFD3CFE2EEDFC" blockId="4.[151,926,644,819]" box="[151,483,644,666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="64BE1184FFD507076EDEFD3CFE2EEDFC" box="[151,483,644,666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD507076EDEFD3CFE12EDFC" authority="Pallas, 1774: 25" authorityName="Pallas" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1774" box="[151,479,644,666]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076EDEFD3CFEF9EDFF" box="[151,308,644,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Ascidia clavata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="C50F10BBFFD507076F73FD3CFE12EDFC" author="Pallas" box="[314,479,644,666]" page="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" year="1774">
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<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD507076F73FD3CFE77EDFC" author="Pallas" box="[314,442,644,666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1774) Spicilegia zoologica: quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur. 1 (10). Gottl. August. Lange, Berlin, 41 pp." type="book" year="1774">Pallas, 1774</bibRefCitation>
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: 25
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076EDEFD1BFE2EEC72" blockId="4.[151,926,644,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="64BE1184FFD507076EDEFD1BFE2EEC72" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD507076EDEFD1BFD88EDDE" ID-CoL="3R3QY" authority="Redikorzev, 1916: 204" authorityName="Redikorzev" authorityPageNumber="204" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,581,674,696]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Katatropa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076EDEFD1BFE82EDDE" box="[151,335,675,696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Katatropa clavata</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="C50F10BBFFD507076F15FD1AFD88EDDE" author="Redikorzev" box="[348,581,674,696]" page="204" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" year="1916">
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<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD507076F15FD1AFDDFEDDE" author="Redikorzev" box="[348,530,674,696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Redikorzev, V. (1916) Tuniciers. Faune de la Russis, 1, 1 - 339. [in Russian with Latin diagnoses]" type="journal article" year="1916">Redikorzev, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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: 204
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1941: 85.
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<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD507076EDEFD79FDC2EDB1" authority="Van Name, 1945: 316" authorityName="Van Name" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,527,705,727]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076EDEFD79FEE9EDB0" box="[151,292,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Styela clavata</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="C50F10BBFFD507076F7BFD7AFDC2EDB1" author="Van" box="[306,527,705,727]" page="316" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" year="1945">
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<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD507076F7BFD7AFE2DEDB1" author="Van" box="[306,480,705,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of American Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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: 316
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(and synonymy);
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<treatmentCitation id="C50F10BBFFD507076C81FD79FC57EDB1" author="Sanamyan" box="[712,922,705,727]" page="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD507076C81FD79FCB8EDB1" author="Sanamyan" box="[712,885,705,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Sanamyan, K. (2000) Ascidians from the North-Western Pacific region. 7. Styelidae. Ophelia, 53 (1), 67 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.2000.10409436" type="journal article" year="2000">Sanamyan, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 68
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD507076EDEFD58FDF3ED90" authority="Redikorzev, 1941: 187" authorityName="Redikorzev" authorityPageNumber="187" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,574,736,758]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Botryorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clava">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076EDEFD58FE86ED93" box="[151,331,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Botryorchis clava</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="C50F10BBFFD507076F11FD58FDF3ED90" author="Redikorzev" box="[344,574,736,758]" page="187" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" year="1941">
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<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD507076F11FD58FDC3ED90" author="Redikorzev" box="[344,526,736,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Redikorzev, V. (1941) Ascidien der Meere des fernen Osten der Ud. S. S. R. Investigations of far Eeast Seas U. S. S. R., 1, 164 - 212. [in Russian with German descriptions]" type="journal article" year="1941">Redikorzev, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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: 187
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(part).
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<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD507076EDEFD47FE12EC72" authority="Ritter, 1899: 516" authorityName="Ritter" authorityPageNumber="516" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,479,766,788]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="greeleyi">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076EDEFD47FEE7EC72" box="[151,298,767,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Styela greeleyi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="C50F10BBFFD507076F78FD46FE12EC72" author="Ritter" box="[305,479,766,788]" page="516" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" year="1899">
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<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD507076F78FD46FE61EC72" author="Ritter" box="[305,428,766,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Ritter, W. E. (1899) A contribution to the knowledge of the tunicates of the Pribilof Islands. In: Jordan, D. S. (Ed.), Fur seals and fur-seal islands of the north Pacific ocean, pt. 3, pp. 511 - 537." type="book chapter" year="1899">Ritter, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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: 516
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076EDEFCA6FDF1EC55" blockId="4.[151,926,644,819]" box="[151,572,797,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="64BE1184FFD507076EDEFCA6FDF1EC55" box="[151,572,797,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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Not
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<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD507076E8AFCA5FDF5EC55" authority="Ritter, 1901: 239" authorityName="Ritter" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="1901" box="[195,568,797,819]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yakutatensis">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076E8AFCA5FE4EEC54" box="[195,387,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Styela yakutatensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="C50F10BBFFD507076FC3FCA5FDF5EC55" author="Ritter" box="[394,568,797,819]" page="239" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD507076FC3FCA5FDCBEC55" author="Ritter" box="[394,518,797,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" refString="Ritter, W. E. (1901) The ascidians. In: Papers from Harriman Alaska expedition. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science, 3, pp. 225 - 266." type="journal article" year="1901">Ritter, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 239
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0CB46521FFD507076EDEFCE2FD88ECF0" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076EDEFCE2FD88ECF0" blockId="4.[151,1437,858,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<materialsCitation id="F4C63CF7FFD507076EDEFCE2FD88ECF0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1434655526" country="Iceland" county="Point Crocodile" elevation="16" location="Material" municipality="Point Kluv" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" specimenCount="16">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076EDEFCE2FE4BEC15" bold="true" box="[151,390,858,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<location id="41716071FFD507076EDEFCE2FF32EC15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC0787BCFFD507056EDEFDA1FDB0E946:41716071FFD507076EDEFCE2FF32EC15" box="[151,255,858,883]" country="Iceland" county="Point Crocodile" municipality="Point Kluv" name="Material" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD507076FDBFCE3FE14EC14" box="[402,473,859,882]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matua" status="sp. nov.">Matua</taxonomicName>
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<collectingCountry id="3CB9763AFFD507076FAFFCE2FDE0EC15" box="[486,557,858,883]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Island</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="A475ACD0FFD507076C77FCE2FD73EC15" box="[574,702,858,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Point Kluv</collectingMunicipality>
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and
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<collectingCounty id="AD704E26FFD507076D49FCE2FC74EC15" box="[768,953,858,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Point Crocodile</collectingCounty>
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, several tens of specimens in eight lots, collected from intertidal zone to
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<specimenCount id="52A8FD23FFD507076C4CFCC6FD88ECF0" box="[517,581,894,919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="generic">
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<quantity id="83569B4FFFD507076C4CFCC6FD8CECF0" box="[517,577,894,919]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="16.0">
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<elevation id="CF83D199FFD507076C4CFCC6FD8CECF0" box="[517,577,894,919]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0CB46521FFD507056E8EFC1AFA8DEB63" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="4" pageNumber="305" type="description">
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<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076E8EFC1AFECCEBF5" blockId="4.[151,1437,858,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD507076E8EFC1AFE94ECDD" bold="true" box="[199,345,930,955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Description.</emphasis>
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Collected specimens range from several millimeters to about 8 см long (
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<figureCitation id="DC952A2FFFD507076A91FC1AFAF2ECDD" box="[1240,1343,930,955]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Styela clavata. A, intact specimens; B, specimen with test removed; C, specimen opened ventrally; D, branchial sac; E, siphonal spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/312176/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
|
A). The elongated cylindrical body tapers either gradually, or rather abruptly, to a thin firm stalk attached to substratum. In general the stalk attains about a half length of the body, but may be much shorter or much longer in some specimens. The test is firm, leathery, in the preserved specimens typically longitudinally wrinkled and furrowed. Epibionts (mostly bryozoans and algae) may present on the test, especially on older individuals and especially on the stalk, but usually not in great quantity. Living specimens are uniformly red, the colour is retained in formaline for years.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076E8EFB26FE93EA21" blockId="4.[151,1437,858,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
|
Branchial and atrial apertures are on the short siphons located on the top of the body, close together. The branchial siphon is directed upward, the atrial curved down and opens downward. The test on the inner surface of the siphons is covered by crowded spines. The spines are narrow and elongated, with sharply pointed tips and with flat oval base, about 50 µm long and 10 µm wide at the base (
|
|
<figureCitation id="DC952A2FFFD507076D0BFAB2FC69EA45" box="[834,932,1290,1315]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Styela clavata. A, intact specimens; B, specimen with test removed; C, specimen opened ventrally; D, branchial sac; E, siphonal spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/312176/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
|
E). Thin parallel longitudinal lines are visible inside each spine.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076E8EFAEAFE4CE901" blockId="4.[151,1437,858,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
|
Body wall is muscular, almost opaque (
|
|
<figureCitation id="DC952A2FFFD507076CD8FAEAFD3BEA0D" box="[657,758,1362,1387]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Styela clavata. A, intact specimens; B, specimen with test removed; C, specimen opened ventrally; D, branchial sac; E, siphonal spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/312176/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
|
B). About 15 large branchial tentacles regularly alternating with the same number of small tentacles are present. The dorsal tubercle slit is C shaped directed to the left and with the horns rolled inside (
|
|
<figureCitation id="DC952A2FFFD507076FADFA22FD85EAD5" box="[484,584,1434,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,763,785]" captionTargetBox="[284,1293,203,714]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[235,1352,193,742]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Styela clavata. A, distal part of gonad; B, tentacles, dorsal tubercle, ganglion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293693/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
|
B). The prepharyngeal band consists of a single lamina running in a close proximity to a ring of tentacles and making shallow V around the dorsal tubercle. The neural ganglion is close to the dorsal tubercle. High dorsal lamina has plain edge. The branchial sac has four rather low folds, the internal longitudinal vessels in dissected specimen are distributed as follow: EN2(7)4(12)4(8)3(17)1DL(14)4(8)4(7)5(7)3EN. Stigmata straight and long, each row is crossed by a parastigmatic vessel.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507076E8EF9CBFD9EE859" blockId="4.[151,1437,858,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
|
Gut forms vertical S-shaped loop (
|
|
<figureCitation id="DC952A2FFFD507076C0EF9CAFD65E9ED" box="[583,680,1650,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Styela clavata. A, intact specimens; B, specimen with test removed; C, specimen opened ventrally; D, branchial sac; E, siphonal spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/312176/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
|
C). The short oesophagus, at the posterior end of the body, is curved at almost 180° before to enter the stomach. The stomach is cylindrical and large, somewhat shorter than a half of the body length. It is lying more or less parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, its internal wall has at least 30 well defined regular parallel longitudinal folds. Intestine bends posteriorly, forming tight closed primary loop. The secondary loop is open anteriorly, the rectum is long and straight. Anal border has well defined round lobes, about 15 were counted in dissected specimen.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD507056E8EF8F3FB5CECFF" blockId="4.[151,1437,858,2035]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,824,1569]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="4" pageNumber="305">
|
|
Two gonads are on the each side of the body. Ovaries are straight, not long, with ventrally bent distal ends. They are parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axis of the body. On each side of the body one ovary lies along the longitudinal midline and is located in the posterior half of the body, while another ovary, lying closer to the endostyle, is located more anteriorly (closer to siphons). The oviducts are short. Numerous male follicles surround each ovary from the sides and posteriorly. They are long, cylindrical, sausage-shaped, not branched, freely projecting for their whole length into the peribranchial cavity being attached to the body wall, on some distance from the ovary, by their narrow distal ends only. Wide common sperm duct runs along the mesial surface of each ovary and ends in a short male papilla in the anterior part of the ovary (
|
|
<figureCitation id="DC952A2FFFD707056A45FC38FBA1ECFF" box="[1036,1132,896,921]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,763,785]" captionTargetBox="[284,1293,203,714]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[235,1352,193,742]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Styela clavata. A, distal part of gonad; B, tentacles, dorsal tubercle, ganglion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293693/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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|
A).
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="10D16622FFD407066EDEF8DFFE4EE8FA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/312176/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1874]" targetPageId="5">
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD407066EDEF8DFFE4EE8FA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1895,1948]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD407066EDEF8DFFEC3E81A" bold="true" box="[151,270,1895,1917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD407066F55F8DFFE67E81A" box="[284,426,1895,1916]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD407066F55F8DFFE67E81A" box="[284,426,1895,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="306">Styela clavata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. A, intact specimens; B, specimen with test removed; C, specimen opened ventrally; D, branchial sac; E, siphonal spines.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="10D16622FFD707056EDEFD43FBE4EC77" box="[151,1065,763,785]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293693/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" targetBox="[284,1293,203,714]" targetPageId="6">
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD707056EDEFD43FBE4EC77" blockId="6.[151,1065,763,785]" box="[151,1065,763,785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056EDEFD43FEC0EC77" bold="true" box="[151,269,763,785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056F50FD43FE6AEC76" box="[281,423,763,784]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056F50FD43FE6AEC76" box="[281,423,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Styela clavata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. A, distal part of gonad; B, tentacles, dorsal tubercle, ganglion.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD707056E8EFC1CFE4AEC87" blockId="6.[151,1436,824,1569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">The endocarps are numerous. In the form they resemble male follicles (sausage-shaped, attached by narrow ends) but are smaller.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD707056E8EFC54FA8DEB63" blockId="6.[151,1436,824,1569]" box="[199,1344,1004,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">The specimens occurs solitarily or in groups of several individuals, but do not form dense settlements.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="0CB46521FFD707056E8EFBA8FBD9EA43" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD707056E8EFBA8FBD9EA43" blockId="6.[151,1436,824,1569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="F4C63CF7FFD707056E8EFBA8FBDDEA43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1434655543" collectorName="In NW & These & Redikorzev & The & Bering Sea" location="central Kuril Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056E8EFBA8FEF6EB4F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1040,1065]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
Although original description of this species lacks any information on its internal features there is no doubt in its identity, the exterior of this species is very characteristic and it is the most common solitary ascidian on the east coasts of
|
|
<collectingRegion id="866AF848FFD707056FC4FBE0FDC0EB17" box="[397,525,1112,1137]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<typeStatus id="9B158808FFD707056C57FBE1FD9DEB17" box="[542,592,1113,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">type</typeStatus>
|
|
locality of the species).
|
|
<collectorName id="E95B537CFFD707056D26FBE1FC72EB16" box="[879,959,1113,1136]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">In NW</collectorName>
|
|
Pacific
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056A69FBE1FB72EB17" box="[1056,1215,1113,1137]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056A69FBE1FB72EB17" box="[1056,1215,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Styela clavata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been mistaken several times with another species,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056C69FBC5FC97EBF3" authority="Herdman, 1881" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1881" box="[544,858,1148,1173]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clava">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056C69FBC5FD6BEBF3" box="[544,678,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Styela clava</emphasis>
|
|
Herdman, 1881
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(e.g. by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD707056DF2FBC4FB49EBF3" author="Redikorzev" box="[955,1156,1148,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Redikorzev, V. (1941) Ascidien der Meere des fernen Osten der Ud. S. S. R. Investigations of far Eeast Seas U. S. S. R., 1, 164 - 212. [in Russian with German descriptions]" type="journal article" year="1941">Redikorzev, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<collectorName id="E95B537CFFD707056ADFFBC4FB14EBF3" box="[1174,1241,1148,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">These</collectorName>
|
|
two species have similar appearance and similar names but nothing in common in their internal features, and, contrary to the statement of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD707056F6EFB7CFE31EBBB" author="Redikorzev" box="[295,508,1220,1245]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Redikorzev, V. (1941) Ascidien der Meere des fernen Osten der Ud. S. S. R. Investigations of far Eeast Seas U. S. S. R., 1, 164 - 212. [in Russian with German descriptions]" type="journal article" year="1941">
|
|
<collectorName id="E95B537CFFD707056F6EFB7CFE65EBBB" box="[295,424,1220,1245]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Redikorzev</collectorName>
|
|
(1941)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, based on erroneous identification (see remarks under
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056A15FB7DFA58EBBB" authority="in Sanamyan, 2000" authorityName="in Sanamyan" authorityYear="2000" box="[1116,1429,1220,1245]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clava">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056A15FB7DFB78EBBB" box="[1116,1205,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">S. clava</emphasis>
|
|
in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD707056A91FB7DFA58EBBB" author="Sanamyan" box="[1240,1429,1221,1245]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Sanamyan, K. (2000) Ascidians from the North-Western Pacific region. 7. Styelidae. Ophelia, 53 (1), 67 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.2000.10409436" type="journal article" year="2000">Sanamyan, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) their geographical ranges do not overlap.
|
|
<collectorName id="E95B537CFFD707056C33FB50FD6BEA67" box="[634,678,1256,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">The</collectorName>
|
|
distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056D15FB51FC00EA67" box="[860,973,1257,1281]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056D15FB51FC00EA67" box="[860,973,1257,1281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">S. clavata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is probably limited by
|
|
<collectorName id="E95B537CFFD707056AA8FB50FAAFEA67" box="[1249,1378,1256,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Bering Sea</collectorName>
|
|
, east coast of
|
|
<collectingRegion id="866AF848FFD707056EBFFAB4FEB5EA43" box="[246,376,1292,1317]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
|
, and extends to the south to at least to
|
|
<location id="41716071FFD707056D61FAB4FBDDEA43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC0787BCFFD507056EDEFDA1FDB0E946:41716071FFD707056D61FAB4FBDDEA43" box="[808,1040,1292,1317]" name="central Kuril Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="Kamchatka">central Kuril Islands</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="0CB46521FFD707056E8EFA89FDB0E946" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="441136AAFFD707056E8EFA89FDB0E946" blockId="6.[151,1436,824,1569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="F4C63CF7FFD707056E8EFA89FDB0E946" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1434655527" collectorName="Van Name" country="Iceland" location="Pribilof Islands" municipality="Yakutat Bay" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056E8EFA89FEA2EA2F" box="[199,367,1329,1353]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="greeleyi">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056E8EFA89FEA2EA2F" box="[199,367,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Styela greeleyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<location id="41716071FFD707056FF4FA88FDA0EA2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC0787BCFFD507056EDEFDA1FDB0E946:41716071FFD707056FF4FA88FDA0EA2F" box="[445,621,1328,1353]" country="Iceland" municipality="Yakutat Bay" name="Pribilof Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="Alaska">Pribilof Islands</location>
|
|
(Bering Sea) is a well established synonym.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD707056AC4FA89FA94EA2F" author="Van" box="[1165,1369,1328,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of American Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">
|
|
<collectorName id="E95B537CFFD707056AC4FA89FAC5EA2E" box="[1165,1288,1329,1352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
|
|
Van
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD707056A8CFA89FAC5EA2E" author="Name" box="[1221,1288,1329,1352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of American Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Name</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</collectorName>
|
|
(1945
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 318) expressed an opinion that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056FF5FAEDFD3DEA0B" authority="Ritter, 1901" authorityName="Ritter" authorityYear="1901" box="[444,752,1364,1389]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yakutatensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056FF5FAEDFDAFEA0B" box="[444,610,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">S. yakutatensis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="203F4B5BFFD707056C23FAECFD3DEA0B" author="Ritter" box="[618,752,1364,1389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Ritter, W. E. (1901) The ascidians. In: Papers from Harriman Alaska expedition. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science, 3, pp. 225 - 266." type="journal article" year="1901">Ritter, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, another externally similar species known from
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="A475ACD0FFD707056B44FAECFA55EA0B" box="[1293,1432,1364,1389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Yakutat Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
, southern
|
|
<collectingRegion id="866AF848FFD707056F4FFAC0FE9AEAF7" box="[262,343,1400,1425]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
|
, and Vancouver
|
|
<collectingCountry id="3CB9763AFFD707056C61FAC0FDA1EAF7" box="[552,620,1400,1425]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Island</collectingCountry>
|
|
may be conspecific, but kept them separate. According to him
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056BCEFAC1FEEFEAD3" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yakutatensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056BCEFAC1FEEFEAD3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">S. yakutatensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has lobed male follicles (he, however, doubted that this is a valid feature separating it from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056B6DFA25FA5FEAD3" box="[1316,1426,1437,1461]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056B6DFA25FA5FEAD3" box="[1316,1426,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">S. clavata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and probably different shape of the siphonal spines ("very short and squarely truncated"). At our opinion both features, if correctly reported, especially the shape of the spines, may be significant, so we refuse from including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056BCEFA5DFEEFE947" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yakutatensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056BCEFA5DFEEFE947" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">S. yakutatensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83AE4D29FFD707056C41F9B1FDBAE947" box="[520,631,1545,1569]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavata">
|
|
<emphasis id="76DAEAB8FFD707056C41F9B1FDBAE947" box="[520,631,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">S. clavata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |