113 lines
15 KiB
XML
113 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D4950BA3F5F92764ED1CF2214E730ADA">Relationships of the New World cichlid genus Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859 (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with diagnoses for the genus and its species.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C07376FE1E81F3826C99A019DE0951FF">Prosanta Chakrabarty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55EB0017C0D08DEB06189DF60336D5A7">John S. Sparks</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B819DEDC3119B5B46A77A4532972D37F">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AA36E94A8FC72A9B0648B54054A612D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6249889" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100123169" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6249889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA36E94A8FC72A9B0648B54054A612D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA36E94A8FC72A9B0648B54054A612D2" lastPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="CFF1187D7C3507C1AC5B8C7C02FC7070" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="01314FFDA8157FEB4B3A805956F1D837">
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[[
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<taxonomicName id="9A15868549B98E07FA45A4B0C70B1C91" ID-CoL="533Q" ID-ENA="63171" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" family="Cichlidae" genus="Hypsophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C415805C1F489C305B023C6436BD79C4" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E6A5155D7B45FFEAF3677A269D3E3E89" pageNumber="59">Introduction</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B65F49B6C4EC4052E52F366946A7091A" pageNumber="59">
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Until recently, the vast majority of Mexican and Central American cichlids were traditionally placed in the catch-all
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<taxonomicName id="AFC74E5809628B476F4C4F8DEC759DAC" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichlasoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cichlasoma</taxonomicName>
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, with only a few species placed in other, usually monotypic, genera (Chakrabarty, 2006a); included among these are
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<taxonomicName id="0AA7BE167ABAFE82E666A93F22579B69" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:421203EE-9287-446A-A551-4C2F60A48842" family="Cichlidae" genus="Petenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Petenia Günther 1862:301" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Petenia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="72F8AC87F9D2A9A01172000BD44C94D1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" family="Cichlidae" genus="Hypsophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="14625B8707F76E28175C061ED3205099" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
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. Although the relationships of Mexican and Central American cichlids have recently been elucidated (Hulsey et al. 2004, 2006; Chakrabarty, 2006a,b) and taxonomic reviews have clarified these relationships (Kullander, 2003), many taxonomic problems persist. Here, we diagnose two long-standing genera that lack adequate diagnoses. We also provide corroborative morphological character support for the sister-group relationship recovered in recent molecular phylogenetic studies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C54FAC83BD6F227E6AC37E48AC3237FA" pageNumber="59">
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<normalizedToken id="5E94A262A1C99CCC60CD4A2249973774" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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(1867) described
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<taxonomicName id="8CAE893683068AE1600DA07717879704" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
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as differing from
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<taxonomicName id="A7909894A8963C00D47AE0D8AC2C8ED1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A1BBC79-44D3-4A63-8873-730518BF6096" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Heros Heckel 1840:362" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heros</taxonomicName>
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in “having a front series of flat incisor-like teeth.” This feature was used to simultaneously distinguish the genus and species (
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<taxonomicName id="5E0525A6FF2BC1A7557FB9642EB39D4B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6D4EDCB3-9A89-4702-A37B-4B203C5A2EE2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus nematopus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nematopus">Neetroplus nematopus</taxonomicName>
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) from members of
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<taxonomicName id="41ACB9EE1A5B0C48AB1E93CAFAC5E3BC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A1BBC79-44D3-4A63-8873-730518BF6096" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Heros Heckel 1840:362" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heros</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="8082A3BE2919E8F79F227E783D410E55" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A1BBC79-44D3-4A63-8873-730518BF6096" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Heros Heckel 1840:362" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heros</taxonomicName>
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at the time included the majority of cichlids from Central America. Subsequently, species of
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<taxonomicName id="5902D5683A040508C76D070587588CA2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A1BBC79-44D3-4A63-8873-730518BF6096" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Heros Heckel 1840:362" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heros</taxonomicName>
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were placed in various genera that now comprise the majority of species in the tribe Heroini (Kullander 1983, 1996). Several Central American cichlid taxa including members of
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<taxonomicName id="15D628196C875CA9B652BAC794F91F80" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F85B73B6-2905-4867-8C86-916CD71E181D" family="Cichlidae" genus="Tomocichla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Tomocichla Regan 1908:463" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tomocichla</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9E235770EBCCB9693E0B42A6C388017B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:96954EBD-BBEA-4577-BF14-144CFBF46739" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paraneetroplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Paraneetroplus Regan 1905:436" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paraneetroplus</taxonomicName>
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possess spatulate or incisor-like teeth, but these species have never been recovered as closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="E7644ACAD08725B5B43A4F19F5FA2EA7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5D7813446927A496287C962E33790F0" lastPageNumber="60" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="5884B528935D6A97914CFEF40BD615D0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9A8BE99-0308-4DF9-9916-9C3C02CC68D0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Hypsophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys unimaculatus Agassiz 1859:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unimaculatus">Hypsophrys unimaculatus Agassiz 1859</taxonomicName>
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, in the first mention of the genus and species, was described as “resembling
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<taxonomicName id="CDD30CE8DA35B51FD955BC13D42AF28C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EA7E8608-36C7-464B-90FF-AAC5CA4A23E9" family="Sparidae" genus="Chrysophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chrysophrys Quoy & Gaimard 1824:299" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chrysophrys</taxonomicName>
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,” a genus in Sparidae, and was noted to have a single spot on the flanks with dorsal and anal fins that extend posteriorly over the caudal fin. This species was determined to be a senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="FDB86C9ABB5A5CBCA9BB8AA67FA79BD3" family="Cichlidae" genus="Hypsophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">
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Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (
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<normalizedToken id="3674BF142AEE0FE82EC88A3D0A9A35E0" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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1864)
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</taxonomicName>
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; however, Kullander & Hartel (1997) proposed keeping the younger name to preserve familiar nomenclature. There is no type material associated with
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<taxonomicName id="58E74A5B1CB422ED06F8964E1F2F8205" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9A8BE99-0308-4DF9-9916-9C3C02CC68D0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Hypsophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys unimaculatus Agassiz 1859:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unimaculatus">Hypsophrys unimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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(Eschmeyer, 2007). Kullander & Hartel (1997) state “
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<taxonomicName id="E17A64DAE1A7C212730BAF9EA2D58EB1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" family="Cichlidae" genus="Hypsophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
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is easily identified as being the same as
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<taxonomicName id="3A982049546240B7EE29DDE898EDAEE3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56E9EA07-80CD-498A-AF8C-CC4F095FE94A" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Heros nicaraguensis Günther 1864:153" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">
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Heros nicaraguensis
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<normalizedToken id="E5C1BF46315BAA655B1CFEB257D37E1D" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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using Agassiz’s description.” As was the case with
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<taxonomicName id="482C0AAC37F7FAD533A236564D3AF5BB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
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, the simultaneous description of genus and species included insufficient diagnoses with vague and non-apomorphic characters. It has been suggested that
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<taxonomicName id="27FCDB93F16BA1EA66C7F842CED5D8CC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" family="Cichlidae" genus="Hypsophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
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be considered a nomen nudum and made unavailable (Neave 1939-1940; Eschmeyer, 2007; also see comments in Kullander & Hartel 1997). Eschmeyer (2007) comments that
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<taxonomicName id="27146F053A7A389CD363DB69B461FB56" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" family="Cichlidae" genus="Hypsophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
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should be unavailable because no distinguishing features were provided; however, we argue as Kullander & Hartel (1997) did, that distinguishing features were provided, particularly the pigmentation pattern and fin proportions. Here we attempt to remedy the taxonomic complications associated with these taxa and offer updated diagnoses for both species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |