328 lines
27 KiB
XML
328 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788378" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a757de0f-b7ba-4ef8-9c95-24cfc4226b76" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163747471" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788378" ID-ZooBank="EB891295-3333-4BB1-B7EA-F118C4D6B13A" approvalRequired="26" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="23" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1587953814852" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Paulsen, M. J. & Smith, Andrew" docDate="2010" docId="AA0687ED8277FFA4FF63FA133F9CFE5E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2192.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 43 (43)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@6ed1fdb7" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Chiasognathus jousselinii Reiche 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="563FFF958266FFB0FFEFFFF33E69FFCA" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Chiasognathus Stephens of southern South America with the description of a new species (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae, Chiasognathini)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="33" pageId="17" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1643557281858" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the genus Chiasognathus Stephens of southern South America with the description of a new species (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae, Chiasognathini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paulsen, M. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-04-13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>43</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>43</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>33</mods:start>
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<mods:end>63</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.43.397</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">a757de0f-b7ba-4ef8-9c95-24cfc4226b76</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576657</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EB891295-3333-4BB1-B7EA-F118C4D6B13A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788378" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163747471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA0687ED8277FFA4FF63FA133F9CFE5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA0687ED8277FFA4FF63FA133F9CFE5E" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="17" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[140,605,1504,1566]" box="[140,605,1504,1531]" pageId="17" pageNumber="50">
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<heading box="[140,605,1504,1531]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="50" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="Reiche, 1850" authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1850" box="[140,605,1504,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,605,1504,1531]" pageId="17" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,441,1504,1531]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="50">Chiasognathus jousselinii</emphasis>
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Reiche, 1850
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[140,605,1504,1566]" box="[140,382,1539,1566]" pageId="17" pageNumber="50">Figs 5, 18, 20, 22, 27</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="17" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="17.[140,1108,1610,1672]" lastBlockId="18.[185,1108,167,510]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="17" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName authority="Reiche, 1850: 259" authorityName="Reiche" authorityPageNumber="259" authorityYear="1850" box="[140,653,1610,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">
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<emphasis box="[140,416,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="50">Chiasognathus jousselinii</emphasis>
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Reiche, 1850: 259
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</taxonomicName>
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, original combination. Type material:
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<typeStatus box="[185,284,1645,1671]" pageId="17" pageNumber="50">holotype</typeStatus>
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male (MNHN) labeled: a) bordered label “Ex-Musaeo / Mniszech”; b) handwritten “
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<emphasis box="[345,445,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Jousselini</emphasis>
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/ Reiche”; c) handwritten “
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<taxonomicName box="[767,928,167,193]" genus="Chiazognathus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[767,928,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Chiazognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<emphasis box="[956,1067,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Jousselini”</emphasis>
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; d) “MUSÉUM PARIS / [2810]”; e) red paper, “TYPE”; f) handwritten “
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiasognathus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis box="[288,399,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">jousselini.</emphasis>
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Reich. / Det: JP. LACROIX.”; g) handwritten “Figure
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<date box="[1025,1108,237,264]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" value="1969-01">I. 1969</date>
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/ JP. LACROIX.”; h) bordered label “Southern Neotropical Scarabs / database #
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<collectingCountry box="[210,245,307,334]" name="American Samoa" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">AS</collectingCountry>
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2618225 /
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1850" box="[377,650,307,333]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">
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<emphasis box="[377,650,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Chiasognathus jousselinii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Reiche, 1850 [male symbol] / DET: A.B.T. SMITH 2009”; i) red label “
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<taxonomicName box="[617,774,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[617,774,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Chiasognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1850" box="[805,911,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">
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<emphasis box="[805,911,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">jousselinii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[male symbol] / Reiche, 1850 /
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<typeStatus box="[370,526,378,404]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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/ Det. M.J. Paulsen”. The
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<typeStatus box="[853,952,378,404]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">holotype</typeStatus>
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was fixed by monotypy when
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<bibRefCitation author="Reiche L" box="[376,541,413,440]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" pagination="249 - 250" refId="ref15326" refString="Reiche L (1850 a) La description suivante d'une nouvelle espece de Chiasognathus. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2 (2): 249 - 250." type="journal article" year="1850">Reiche (1850a</bibRefCitation>
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, b) explicitly indicated that only one specimen was used to describe this species. Type locality: “versant oriental des Andes du
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<collectingCountry box="[1038,1098,448,474]" name="Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Chili</collectingCountry>
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” (
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<bibRefCitation author="Reiche L" box="[193,357,483,510]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" pagination="263 - 269" refId="ref15355" refString="Reiche L (1850 b) Memoire sur les genres Psalidognathus et Chiasognathus. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 2 (8): 263 - 269." type="journal article" year="1850">Reiche 1850b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[140,1108,553,1671]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,384,553,580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis box="[140,283,553,579]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[296,375,553,580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Length</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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22.0–
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<quantity box="[456,563,554,580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3899999999999997" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="33.9">33.9 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[573,658,553,580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[573,650,553,580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Width</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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10.0–
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<quantity box="[732,838,554,580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,922,553,580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,913,553,580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Color</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Reddish brown, with weak metallic reflections, appearing lighter from dense covering of lightbrown, scale-like setae.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[319,392,624,651]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[319,384,624,651]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Head</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Form subquadrate. Surface punctate; punctures fine to coarse, generally setose with short to long setae, especially laterally. Anterior margin of head roundly produced beyond anterior angles and with median nasus; nasus composed of 2 rounded teeth. Anterior angles obtusely rounded in dorsal view. Male mandible (Fig. 20) setose, cylindrical, robust, 2–3× as long as head, weakly rounded externally until abruptly, internally curved at apex; apex curved weakly upward, lacking patch of setae. Dentate carina with 4–10 obtuse teeth; teeth variably reduced, almost obsolete. Base of mandibles without ventral tooth. Galeal brush long, longer than first and second labial palpomeres combined. Antennal scape in males with sparse area of long setae at apex.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[368,497,941,967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[368,489,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Pronotum</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Posterior and lateral angles subdentate (angulate in small males). Lateral margins distinct, crenulate. Disc with central area raised and with strong transverse ridge either side of broad median longitudinal depression; depressed areas variably setose, setae moderately long in males (shorter than length of distal antennomere of antennal club), lacking scattered longer setae.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,929,1081,1108]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,921,1081,1108]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Elytra</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Surface rough, slightly wrinkled, generally obscured by dense cover of short scale-like setae. Apex rounded to subdentate, lacking spine; elytral margin thickened, without bead. Epipleuron flat.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[289,348,1187,1214]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[289,340,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Legs</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Protibiae elongate, dentate basally with 4–6 small teeth (Fig. 18); ventral surface along internal margin with teeth well developed.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[921,1108,1222,1249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[921,1100,1222,1249]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Flagellum moderately long, longer than length of parameres and basal piece together (Fig. 5). Females unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[185,1107,1328,1355]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[140,1108,553,1671]" box="[185,1107,1328,1355]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,339,1328,1354]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis box="[185,334,1328,1354]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Only known from the west side of the Nahuelbuta Cordillera (Fig. 27).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[140,1108,553,1671]" box="[185,879,1362,1390]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,274,1363,1389]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<collectingCountry box="[185,274,1363,1389]" name="Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">CHILE</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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(9):
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[329,410,1362,1389]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<collectingRegion box="[329,410,1362,1389]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">Biobío</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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(5): Cañete, “Concepción”.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[736,831,1363,1389]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">No data</emphasis>
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(4).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[140,1108,553,1671]" box="[185,778,1398,1425]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,459,1398,1425]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis box="[185,299,1399,1425]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" reason="1">Temporal</emphasis>
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distribution.
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</emphasis>
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December (4). No data (5).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[140,1108,553,1671]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,1433,1459]" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis box="[185,307,1433,1459]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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This species can be readily distinguished from the other squamose species,
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<emphasis box="[195,350,1469,1496]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[195,346,1469,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechii">C. mniszechii</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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by the shorter, more robust and less strongly dentate mandibles in males (Fig. 20), dentate rather than serrate protibiae (Fig. 18), flat epipleuron, pronotum lacking long scattered setae, and thickened elytral apices that lack a marginal bead apically. The flagellum of the male genitalia is nearly twice as long in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1850" box="[937,1078,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">
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<emphasis box="[937,1078,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">C. jousselinii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as it is in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[217,364,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechii">
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<emphasis box="[217,364,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="51">C. mniszechii</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 5–6). With only nine male specimens located in collections, the female of this species remains unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph blockId="19.[140,1108,167,404]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,298,167,193]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis box="[185,293,167,193]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
|
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.
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</emphasis>
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The fact that the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[497,596,167,193]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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of
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1850" box="[632,771,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">
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<emphasis box="[632,771,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">C. jousselinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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is clearly not conspecific with the more common
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[365,515,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechii">
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||
<emphasis box="[365,515,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">C. mniszechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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was recognized by
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Lacroix JP" box="[744,918,202,228]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" pagination="249 - 294" refId="ref14609" refString="Lacroix JP (1979) Contributions a l'etude des Coleopteres lucanides du globe: deux genres nouveaux et onze especes inedites (Chiasognathinae, Lucaninae, Chalcodinae, Cladognathinae, Dorcinae). Bulletin and Annales de la Societe Royal Belge d'Entomologie 114: 249 - 294. [Dated 1978]." type="journal article" year="1979">Lacroix (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
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, but this species has otherwise been confused with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[522,668,237,264]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechii">
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||
<emphasis box="[522,668,237,264]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">C. mniszechii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krajcik M" box="[682,834,237,263]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" refId="ref14541" refString="Krajcik M (2001) Checklist of the Stag Beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Lucanidae of the World. Catalogue - Part I. Milan Krajcik, Most, 108 pp." type="book" year="2001">Krajcik 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molino-Olmedo F" box="[846,1102,237,263]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" pagination="79 - 85" refId="ref14752" refString="Molino-Olmedo F (2001) Cladistica de genero Chiasognathus Stephens, 1831 y Sphaenognathus Buquet, 1838 con proposicion de subgeneros nuevos (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Revista Chilena de Entomologia 28: 79 - 85." type="journal article" year="2001">Molino-Olmedo 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molino-Olmedo F" box="[140,202,272,298]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" pagination="119 - 128" refId="ref14790" refString="Molino-Olmedo F (2002) Cladistica del genero Chiasognathus Stephens, 1831 con proposicion de subgeneros nuevos (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Elytron 15: 119 - 128. [Dated 2001]." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chalumeau F & Brochier B" box="[214,572,272,298]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" refId="ref14133" refString="Chalumeau F, Brochier B (2007) Chiasognathinae of the Andes. Taita Publishers, Hradec Kralove, 324 pp." type="book" year="2007">Chalumeau and Brochier 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two species are easily separated when the appropriate characters are examined. Very few specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1850" box="[830,971,307,334]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,971,307,334]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">C. jousselinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known, which has not helped to alleviate the confusion. We were able to study specimens graciously loaned by Alfredo Ugarte Peña that were collected in Cañete, and they
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[140,1108,1590,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,366,1590,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Figures Ι8–24. Ι8–Ι9</emphasis>
|
||
Right protibia of males.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[593,619,1590,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Ι8</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[625,742,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1850" box="[625,738,1590,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">C. jousselinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[787,813,1590,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Ι9</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[819,944,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[819,940,1590,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechii">C. mniszechii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bar =
|
||
<quantity box="[1052,1104,1591,1612]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,203,1622,1644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">20–2Ι</emphasis>
|
||
Right mandibles of males.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[453,479,1622,1644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">20</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[485,603,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1850" box="[485,599,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">C. jousselinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[649,674,1622,1644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">2Ι</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[681,806,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[681,802,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechii">C. mniszechii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bar =
|
||
<quantity box="[916,968,1622,1644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[977,1041,1622,1644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">22–24</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[233,358,1654,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[233,358,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">Chiasognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[433,459,1654,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">22</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[464,580,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1850" box="[464,575,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jousselinii">C. jousselinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[637,663,1654,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">23</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[667,790,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[667,786,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechii">C. mniszechii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[885,911,1654,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">24</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[916,1039,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[916,1034,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Chiasognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechii">C. mniszechii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[140,1108,167,404]" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">
|
||
remain the only specimens known with reliable locality information. It is likely that this species is restricted to the western side of the Nahuelbuta Cordillera, where other rarely encountered and potentially threatened stag beetles are also found:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Weinreich)" baseAuthorityName="Weinreich" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Pycnosiphorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franzae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">Pycnosiphorus franzae</emphasis>
|
||
(Weinreich)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Martinez)" baseAuthorityName="Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[464,790,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Hilophyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[464,656,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="53">Hilophyllus penai</emphasis>
|
||
(Martínez)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Very little of this habitat is currently protected, and it is instead being logged at an alarming rate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith-Ramirez C" pageId="20" pageNumber="53" pagination="373 - 393" refId="ref15461" refString="Smith-Ramirez C (2004) The Chilean coastal range: a vanishing center of biodiversity and endemism in South American temperate rainforests. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 373 - 393." type="journal article" year="2004">Smith-Ramirez 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the future of these three species is in doubt, and their need for conservation should be studied in detail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |