1493 lines
211 KiB
XML
1493 lines
211 KiB
XML
<document id="97B1BA3DCF41B0B690D50926FAE93A3E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4047.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27b0a730-9b28-4276-b74c-ec0ca0fb0740" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="290024" ID-ZooBank="5A09E35D-3019-4F99-8A77-B7E2E637804D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461341477193" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dollin, Anne E., Dollin, Leslie J. & Rasmussen, Claus" docDate="2015" docId="03DF87DDA334FF988589EAA93D41FBEB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04047p073.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4047 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Austroplebeia cassiae Cockerell" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFE6FFA5A301FFA3851EEA3E383BFFC4" masterDocTitle="Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae) — a revision" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698620298085" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="07BED781B39BB8CE5A2600D1D31A459E">Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae) — a revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B51DC46D90A65654DEF65F25209370EF">Dollin, Anne E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F22472BD92F54DDB5A1E025087C83FBC">Dollin, Leslie J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="62EB9B5A809887B646229EA8E2FE1AD7">Rasmussen, Claus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="42C80FEC8509651E30889CFC8A9D0931">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A4340C0353133B7048B6046E41EC80E7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8782EAAB0336E2BA085BB52867FDA5D3">
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<mods:date id="6C2B26F0E14246F8A48563339FAF9029">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AF576DEC5658BC3DAB4E6E8FBE4DE7FC">4047</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F33FAF55D31193CBAF94E19683F05A46">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8CE78AC17B8FDC64BED08BF1B2FF83BA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4047.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DF87DDA334FF988589EAA93D41FBEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097089" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127694291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87DDA334FF988589EAA93D41FBEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87DDA334FF988589EAA93D41FBEB" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="C36C6540A334FF968589EAA93AB7FF17" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF968589EAA93A15FF76" blockId="53.[151,652,151,211]" box="[151,558,151,178]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D08181A7A334FF968589EAA93A15FF76" bold="true" box="[151,558,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968589EAA93A15FF76" ID-CoL="JXTY" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[151,558,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589EAA93A15FF76" bold="true" box="[151,558,151,178]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589EAA939A7FF75" bold="true" box="[151,412,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Austroplebeia cassiae</emphasis>
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(Cockerell)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF968580EA84390EFF17" box="[158,309,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-10="FIGURE 11" captionStart-11="FIGURE 12" captionStart-12="FIGURE 13" captionStart-13="FIGURE 14" captionStart-14="FIGURE 15" captionStart-15="FIGURE 16" captionStart-16="FIGURE 17" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionStartId-10="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionStartId-11="12.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionStartId-12="13.[151,250,1091,1113]" captionStartId-13="14.[151,250,1477,1499]" captionStartId-14="15.[151,250,1757,1779]" captionStartId-15="16.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionStartId-16="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,977,999]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,851,873]" captionStartId-6="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionStartId-7="9.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionStartId-8="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionStartId-9="11.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox-0="[202,1384,197,1921]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,205,1410]" captionTargetBox-10="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetBox-11="[228,1361,1322,1830]" captionTargetBox-12="[209,1378,186,1059]" captionTargetBox-13="[186,1405,617,1447]" captionTargetBox-14="[191,1399,921,1739]" captionTargetBox-15="[225,1358,197,1871]" captionTargetBox-16="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetBox-2="[212,1379,203,947]" captionTargetBox-3="[327,1259,1108,1933]" captionTargetBox-4="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetBox-5="[163,1414,205,822]" captionTargetBox-6="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetBox-7="[214,1370,1163,1947]" captionTargetBox-8="[173,1421,213,1679]" captionTargetBox-9="[158,1429,910,1762]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetId-10="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetId-11="figure@12.[221,1366,1314,1832]" captionTargetId-12="figure@13.[199,1387,179,1070]" captionTargetId-13="figure@14.[171,1416,613,1455]" captionTargetId-14="figure@15.[184,1405,913,1746]" captionTargetId-15="figure@16.[213,1361,193,1881]" captionTargetId-16="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[201,1384,193,957]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[316,1271,1090,1951]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[157,1429,193,830]" captionTargetId-6="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetId-7="figure@9.[208,1377,1156,1954]" captionTargetId-8="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetId-9="figure@11.[151,1436,900,1770]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-10="12" captionTargetPageId-11="12" captionTargetPageId-12="13" captionTargetPageId-13="14" captionTargetPageId-14="15" captionTargetPageId-15="16" captionTargetPageId-16="17" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionTargetPageId-6="9" captionTargetPageId-7="9" captionTargetPageId-8="10" captionTargetPageId-9="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia workers. In many specimens, these cuticle markings may be obscured by hair on the clypeus and paraocular area. Visualisation of these markings can be improved by tilting the bee's head back and viewing the face obliquely." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia males." captionText-10="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." captionText-11="FIGURE 12. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers in a large sympatic population of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph and A. cassiae near Duaringa, QLD. Data points are averages from two workers per colony. Labelled data points are nests for which the species identification was confirmed in the molecular analysis of Halcroft et al. (2015). Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." captionText-12="FIGURE 13. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in males of all Austroplebeia species. Data points are averages from 2 – 3 males per colony. Data from the male paratypes of A. magna sp. nov. are also shown. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." captionText-13="FIGURE 14. Ratio of head width and tibia III length in males of all Austroplebeia species. Data points are averages from 2 – 3 males per colony. Data from the male paratypes of A. magna sp. nov. are also shown. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." captionText-14="FIGURE 15. Worker sting rudiments metric data: ratio of maximum length of sting lancet (A) and shoulder width of gonostyli (B) in all Austroplebeia taxa. Data points are averages for 1 – 3 workers per nest or flower sample. 1. The geographically isolated colony, F 31, from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has colouring and HTW / HBW similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph. 2. Colonies C 58 and D 55 from the ‘ intermediate’ group of Halcroft et al. (2015) which are consistent with A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph in this analysis. 3. CS- 8 workers, with Grade 4 Thorax Colour Markings, collected from flowers in the MacDonnell Ranges, NT. They are consistent with A. australis – Central Colour Morph in this analysis, despite their relatively dark colouration. 4. GS- 10 workers collected from flowers on the far western edge of the A. cassiae range. 5. NS- 7 workers collected from flowers on the far eastern edge of the A. magna sp. nov. range. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." captionText-15="FIGURE 16. Austroplebeia worker sting rudiments: a, A. cincta NG; b. A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; f, A. australis – Western Colour Morph; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. All drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: Gon—gonostylus; Sty—sting stylet (bulb); Lan—sting lancet (first valvula or first ramus)." captionText-16="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Variation in worker face colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 300 workers from 114 colonies, in addition to 50 workers from 10 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 1." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Variation in male face colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta and A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Data show 186 males from 38 colonies. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 2." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Number of different thorax colour marking grades found amongst workers within individual colonies of Austroplebeia. Data are based on 122 colonies and scores of 10 – 49 workers per colony." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Variation in male thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta and A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Data show 196 males from 38 colonies. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Variation in colour of the clypeus, mandible (middle part) and apical terga in workers and males of all Austroplebeia taxa. (No males are known in A. cincta NG and A. australis – Western Colour Morph.) Data are based on 120 workers and 62 males." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Ratio of head width and extent of thorax colour marking in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data from 121 colonies are shown, in addition to five flower samples from A. australis – Western Colour Morph and one A. australis flower sample with mixed Western / Central characteristics. Data points are averages from 10 – 49 workers per colony, or 5 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from eight individual type specimens are also shown. The T. symei and T. ornata types, in which the eyes are collapsed preventing accurate head width measurement, are not shown. The T. essingtoni holotype has a missing head, so data from the paratype are shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/290025/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/290026/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/290036/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/290037/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/290038/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/290039/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/290040/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/290027/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/290028/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/290030/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/290032/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/290033/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/290034/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figures 1–17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96845FEA8539B1FF17" box="[321,394,187,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 19" captionStart-1="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionStartId-1="31.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetBox-1="[249,1333,219,1790]" captionTargetId-0="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetId-1="figure@31.[242,1343,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId-0="30" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionText-0="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." captionText-1="FIGURE 20. Austroplebeia male sterna and terga, shown in ventral view except for Fig. r. Figs a – f. S 4: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d – e, A. cassiae showing variation in position of gradulus; f, A. magna sp. nov. Figs g – j. S 5: g, A. cincta; h, A. essingtoni, arrow indicates protruding apical lobe; i, A. australis; j, A. cassiae. Figs k – o. S 6: k, A. cincta; l, A. essingtoni; m, A. australis; n, A. cassiae; o, A. magna sp. nov. Figs p – q. S 7: p, A. cincta; q, A. australis. Fig. r. T 7 of A. cassiae, dorsal view. Figs a – f, scale bar = 0.5 mm; figs g – r, scale bar = 0.33 mm. Abbreviations: Gra—gradulus; Med—median body." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/290044/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">19–20</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96848BEA8439E5FF17" box="[405,478,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 22" captionStart-1="FIGURE 23" captionStart-2="FIGURE 24" captionStart-3="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-1="35.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-2="36.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-3="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox-0="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-2="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-3="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure@35.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetId-2="figure@36.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetId-3="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId-0="34" captionTargetPageId-1="35" captionTargetPageId-2="36" captionTargetPageId-3="37" captionText-0="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 23. Austroplebeia male faces: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; d, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 24. Austroplebeia queen faces: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; d, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/290047/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/290048/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">22–25</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF9684F7EA853A09FF17" box="[489,562,187,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 27" captionStart-1="FIGURE 28" captionStart-2="FIGURE 29" captionStart-3="FIGURE 30" captionStartId-0="38.[151,250,1590,1612]" captionStartId-1="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionStartId-2="55.[151,250,1759,1781]" captionStartId-3="56.[151,250,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1390,808,1568]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetBox-2="[273,1315,195,1727]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,735,1265]" captionTargetId-0="figure@38.[151,1436,808,1568]" captionTargetId-1="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetId-2="figure@55.[273,1315,195,1727]" captionTargetId-3="figure@56.[151,1436,735,1265]" captionTargetPageId-0="38" captionTargetPageId-1="41" captionTargetPageId-2="55" captionTargetPageId-3="56" captionText-0="FIGURE 27. Pilosity on apical part of Austroplebeia queen abdomen, viewed laterally: a, A. cassiae; b, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." captionText-2="FIGURE 29. Austroplebeia nest entrances: a, A long A. cincta tunnel (120 mm) near Rossville, QLD; b, The tunnel of an A. essingtoni colony that has nested in a cliff face crevice 65 k S of Maningrida, NT (photograph by Aung Si); c, A translucent fresh tunnel of an A. australis colony near Tara, QLD (photograph by M. Halcroft); d, An A. australis colony without an entrance tunnel, near Tara, QLD (photograph by M. Halcroft); e, A thicker and older tunnel of an A. cassiae colony near Rossville, QLD; f, The tunnel of an A. magna colony 50 k S of Maningrida, NT (photograph by Aung Si); g, The longest tunnel recorded in this study: the 430 mm tunnel of an A. cincta colony that was being harassed by green ants near Rossville, QLD; h, Another long tunnel (ca. 120 – 130 mm) of an A. magna sp. nov. colony 50 k S of Maningrida, NT. Green ants can also be seen on this tunnel (photograph by Aung Si); i, The 160 mm tunnel of an A. cassiae colony near Rossville, QLD. The green ants seen on this tunnel have caught two forager bees." captionText-3="FIGURE 30. Nest tunnels photographed at night (ca. 11 pm) near Rossville, QLD: a, An A. cassiae tunnel closed by a lacy mesh of fine resinous droplets (this tunnel closure style is also common in A. australis); b, An A. cincta tunnel which was left completely open; c, An A. cincta tunnel partially closed by an almost solid wall of cream waxy flakes." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/290051/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/290053/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/290054/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">27–30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF968723EA853ABFFF17" box="[573,644,187,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 32" captionStart-1="FIGURE 33" captionStartId-0="65.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionStartId-1="66.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[230,1347,193,1835]" captionTargetBox-1="[235,1352,193,1835]" captionTargetId-0="figure@65.[230,1347,193,1837]" captionTargetId-1="figure@66.[235,1353,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId-0="65" captionTargetPageId-1="66" captionText-0="FIGURE 32. Internal nest characteristics and brood combs of species other than A. cincta: a, Nest of an A. essingtoni colony at Broome, WA (photograph by T. Heard); b, Brood comb of an A. australis colony in a natural log near Ti Tree, NT; c, Brood comb of a boxed colony of A. cassiae near Rossville, QLD; d, Brood comb of an A. magna sp. nov. colony in a narrow tree cavity, 50 k S of Maningrida, NT (photograph by Aung Si). Abbreviations: Lar—larval brood cells; Coc—cocoons; Pol—pollen pots; Hon—honey pots; Bat—batumen layer." captionText-1="FIGURE 33. Honey and pollen storage pots in Austroplebeia colonies: a, Translucent honey pots in an A. cincta colony near Rossville, QLD; b, Honey pots with thick, strongly pitted walls in an A. australis colony near Tara, QLD (photograph by M. Halcroft); c, Honey pots in an A. magna sp. nov. colony 50 k S of Maningrida, NT (photograph by Aung Si); d, Pollen pots in an A. cincta colony near Rossville, QLD; e, Pollen pots with thickened pitted walls in an A. australis colony near Tara, QLD (photograph by M. Halcroft); f, Pollen pots with strongly pitted walls in an A. australis colony near Kilcoy, QLD; g, Pollen pots made from red-brown cerumen in an A. cassiae colony at Conjuboy, QLD." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/290056/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/290057/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">32–33</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6540A334FF968589EAC03A42FE2E" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF968589EAC03A2FFED7" blockId="53.[151,1090,253,367]" box="[151,532,253,275]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6611E5A334FF968589EAC03A2FFED7" box="[151,532,253,275]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968589EAC03A2BFED7" ID-CoL="58QS2" authority="Cockerell 1910: 247" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityPageNumber="247" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,528,253,275]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589EAC0390CFED7" box="[151,311,254,275]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Trigona cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF968420EAC33A2BFED7" author="Cockerell" box="[318,528,253,275]" page="247" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF968420EAC339E5FED7" author="Cockerell" box="[318,478,253,275]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1910) New and little known bees. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 36, 199 - 249." type="journal article" year="1910">Cockerell 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 247
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF968589EB233AB1FEAB" blockId="53.[151,1090,253,367]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6611E5A334FF968589EB233AB1FEAB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589EB2339FAFEF6" box="[151,449,284,306]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968589EB233977FEF6" ID-CoL="7ZXH" authority="(Plebeia)" baseAuthorityName="Plebeia" box="[151,332,284,306]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigona (Plebeia)</taxonomicName>
|
||
australis—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF9684DFEB223A4FFEF6" author="Michener" box="[449,628,284,306]" page="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF9684DFEB223A65FEF6" author="Michener" box="[449,606,284,306]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Michener, C. D. (1961) Observations on the nests and behavior of Trigona in Australia and New Guinea (Hymenoptera, Apidae). American Museum Novitates, 2026, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1961">Michener 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(proposed synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF96867BEB233C3CFEF6" ID-CoL="58QS2" box="[869,1031,285,306]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF96867BEB233C3CFEF6" box="[869,1031,285,306]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Trigona cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968589EB04394EFE94" ID-CoL="JXTY" box="[151,373,314,336]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589EB04394EFE94" box="[151,373,314,336]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Austroplebeia cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF968490EB053A7BFE94" author="Moure" box="[398,576,314,336]" page="195" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF968490EB053A34FE94" author="Moure" box="[398,527,314,336]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Moure, J. S. (1961) A preliminary supra-specific classification of the old world meliponine bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 4, 181 - 242." type="journal article" year="1961">Moure 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 195
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 196, 197;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF9687AEEB043B4FFE94" author="Michener" box="[688,884,314,336]" page="96" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1990">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF9687AEEB043B75FE94" author="Michener" box="[688,846,314,336]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Michener, C. D. (1990) Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera). Appendix: Trigona genalis Friese, a hitherto unplaced New Guinea species. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 54, 75 - 164." type="journal article" year="1990">Michener 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 96
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 101, 105, 133, 134.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968589EB6439A7FEAB" ID-CoL="58QS2" box="[151,412,345,367]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae" subGenus="Plebeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589EB6439A7FEAB" box="[151,412,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Trigona (Plebeia) cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF9684A8EB673ABDFEAB" author="Michener" box="[438,646,345,367]" page="230" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF9684A8EB673A6FFEAB" author="Michener" box="[438,596,345,367]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Michener, C. D. (1965) A classification of the bees of the Australian and south Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 130, 1 - 362." type="journal article" year="1965">Michener 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 230
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF968589EBA63B34FE0F" blockId="53.[151,1374,406,490]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6611E5A334FF968589EBA63B34FE0F" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968589EBA639C8FE68" ID-CoL="58QZF" authority="Rayment 1932: 106" authorityName="Rayment" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,499,406,429]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589EBA6391CFE69" box="[151,295,408,429]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Trigona symei</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF968433EBA939C8FE68" author="Rayment" box="[301,499,406,428]" page="106" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1932">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF968433EBA939FEFE68" author="Rayment" box="[301,453,406,428]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Rayment, T. (1932) The stingless bees of Australia. 6. The finding of a new species. Victorian Naturalist, 49, 104 - 107." type="journal article" year="1932">Rayment 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 106
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF96870FEBA83AE6FE68" author="Rayment" box="[529,733,406,428]" page="737" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1935">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF96870FEBA83A96FE68" author="Rayment" box="[529,685,406,428]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Rayment, T. (1935) A cluster of bees; sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species, and an introduction by E. F. Phillips. The Endeavour Press, Sydney, 752 pp." type="book" year="1935">Rayment 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 737
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(more detailed redescription as new species).
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF9681AFEBA83D65FE68" bold="true" box="[1201,1374,406,428]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">New Synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968589EB8B395FFE0F" ID-CoL="58QZF" box="[151,356,437,459]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589EB8B395FFE0F" box="[151,356,437,459]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Austroplebeia symei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF968460EB883A0BFE0F" author="Moure" box="[382,560,437,459]" page="197" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF968460EB8839C6FE0F" author="Moure" box="[382,509,437,459]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Moure, J. S. (1961) A preliminary supra-specific classification of the old world meliponine bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 4, 181 - 242." type="journal article" year="1961">Moure 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 197
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF968724EB8B3B30FE0F" author="Michener" box="[570,779,437,459]" page="134" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1990">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF968724EB8B3AE3FE0F" author="Michener" box="[570,728,437,459]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Michener, C. D. (1990) Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera). Appendix: Trigona genalis Friese, a hitherto unplaced New Guinea species. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 54, 75 - 164." type="journal article" year="1990">Michener 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 134
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF968589EBEB3A42FE2E" blockId="53.[151,1374,406,490]" box="[151,633,468,490]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6611E5A334FF968589EBEB3A42FE2E" box="[151,633,468,490]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968589EBEB39B7FE2E" ID-CoL="58QZF" box="[151,396,468,490]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei" subGenus="Plebeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589EBEB39B7FE2E" box="[151,396,468,490]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Trigona (Plebeia) symei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA334FF9684BBEBEA3A4EFE2E" author="Michener" box="[421,629,468,490]" page="230" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA334FF9684BBEBEA3A79FE2E" author="Michener" box="[421,578,468,490]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refString="Michener, C. D. (1965) A classification of the bees of the Australian and south Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 130, 1 - 362." type="journal article" year="1965">Michener 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 230
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6540A334FF968589E8283C40FCC3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF968589E8283C40FCC3" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968589E8283931FDEB" bold="true" box="[151,266,534,559]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. In workers and males, frons and mesepisternum with plumose hair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96812FE8283CB0FDEB" box="[1073,1163,534,559]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 22</figureCitation>
|
||
e, 23e, 25 b, d, f), head width ≥
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF9685E2E8053958FD96" box="[252,355,571,595]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF968468E80439EBFD97" box="[374,464,570,595]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,910,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,900,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ratio of head width and extent of thorax colour marking in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data from 121 colonies are shown, in addition to five flower samples from A. australis – Western Colour Morph and one A. australis flower sample with mixed Western / Central characteristics. Data points are averages from 10 – 49 workers per colony, or 5 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from eight individual type specimens are also shown. The T. symei and T. ornata types, in which the eyes are collapsed preventing accurate head width measurement, are not shown. The T. essingtoni holotype has a missing head, so data from the paratype are shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290034/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF9684FEE80539C4FD97" box="[480,511,571,595]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[186,1405,617,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,613,1455]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ratio of head width and tibia III length in males of all Austroplebeia species. Data points are averages from 2 – 3 males per colony. Data from the male paratypes of A. magna sp. nov. are also shown. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290038/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). In workers, HBW
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF9687EFE8043BA3FD96" box="[753,920,570,595]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.395" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF9686B5E8043C3BFD97" box="[939,1024,570,595]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most workers have the following characteristics: thorax markings Grades 0–2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96878CE8603AE1FDB3" box="[658,730,606,631]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF9687F8E8613ACDFDB3" box="[742,758,607,631]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">7</figureCitation>
|
||
), pronotal collar and legs without maculations, plumose hair on clypeus dense, integument barely visible among hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96863CE8BC3B4EFD5F" box="[802,885,642,667]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
e), bristles on basitarsus III and scutellum brown. In males, gonostylus gently curved, thorax markings Grades 6 and 11–13, mesepisternum plumose hairs narrow and feather-like, with short closely set barbs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF968781E8F43ACAFD27" box="[671,753,714,739]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
f), HBW
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF968642E8F53C3AFD26" box="[860,1025,715,739]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.22">0.22–0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96810FE8F43C5EFD27" box="[1041,1125,714,739]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1091,1113]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,186,1059]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[199,1387,179,1070]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in males of all Austroplebeia species. Data points are averages from 2 – 3 males per colony. Data from the male paratypes of A. magna sp. nov. are also shown. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290037/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), HTL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF9681A4E8F53D64FD26" box="[1210,1375,715,739]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" metricValueMax="1.29" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.24" valueMax="1.29" valueMin="1.19">1.19–1.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF968071E8F4388DFCC3" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[186,1405,617,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,613,1455]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ratio of head width and tibia III length in males of all Austroplebeia species. Data points are averages from 2 – 3 males per colony. Data from the male paratypes of A. magna sp. nov. are also shown. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290038/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). In queens, short dense hair covering T4–T6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF9687DFE8D03B2FFCC3" box="[705,788,750,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1390,808,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,808,1568]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pilosity on apical part of Austroplebeia queen abdomen, viewed laterally: a, A. cassiae; b, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290051/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Distribution QLD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF968112E8D03C5BFCC3" box="[1036,1120,750,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6540A334FF9585D9E92C3B94F8EC" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9E92C3C8CFCEF" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" box="[199,1207,786,811]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF9685D9E92C396AFCEF" bold="true" box="[199,337,786,811]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. As in general
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF9684E2E92C3AA3FCEF" box="[508,664,786,811]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF9684E2E92C3AA3FCEF" box="[508,664,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
description, except for the following characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9E9083936FCB7" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF9685D9E9083912FC8B" bold="true" box="[199,297,822,847]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Worker.</emphasis>
|
||
Body
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF968468E9083A3AFC8A" box="[374,513,822,847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="3.95" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4–4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Forewing (including tegula)
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF96864DE9093BE0FC8A" box="[851,987,823,847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="4.4" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
mm. All other measurements are listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40370A334FF9685AAE9643932FCB7" box="[180,265,858,883]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="58.[151,239,653,676]" captionTargetBox="[159,1419,736,1987]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="TABLE 4. Structural dimensions from workers of A. cassiae and A. magna sp. nov. Measurements in mm. A " – " indicates that measurements were not available." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF096643A33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF096643A33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9E9413B32FBC7" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF9685D9E9413917FC52" box="[199,300,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Structure</emphasis>
|
||
. Head width
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF9684C3E9413AB1FC52" box="[477,650,895,919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.855" metricValueMax="2.01" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.855" valueMax="2.01" valueMin="1.7">1.70–2.01 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 1.2–1.3x head length. Interocellar distance 1.4–1.7x ocellorbital distance. Clypeus length 0.5x width. Malar area 0.2–0.3x basal mandibular width. Mandible preapical teeth more widely spaced than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968487E9F939C4FC1A" box="[409,511,967,990]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968487E9F939C4FC1A" box="[409,511,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and slightly more deeply incised than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF9686C5E9F93C56FC1A" box="[987,1133,967,990]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF9686C5E9F93C56FC1A" box="[987,1133,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968189E9F93D21FC1B" box="[1175,1306,966,991]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968189E9F93D21FC1B" box="[1175,1306,966,991]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF968035E9F83DBBFC1B" box="[1323,1408,966,991]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF96807CE9F93DBBFC1B" box="[1378,1408,967,991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="g" value="17.0">17</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g). Scape length 0.7–0.8x alveolus–lateral ocellus distance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9EE303AFAFB72" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Scutellum length 0.4–0.5x width. Wing venation similar to that shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96811BEE303C63FBE3" box="[1029,1112,1038,1063]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="18.[151,250,842,864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1405,200,811]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[164,1408,193,820]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 18. Austroplebeia wings. Dotted lines indicate pigmented vein traces. Figs a – c. Forewings, showing variation observed in the vestige of the first transverse cubital vein: a, A. magna sp. nov. forewing with a short vein vestige; b, Detail of an A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph forewing with a thickening of vein M at this position; c, Detail of an A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph forewing with a long vein vestige. Fig. d. Hindwing of A. magna sp. nov. Fig. e. Diagram of a forewing showing how the following measurements were made: (1) forewing length without tegula; (2) forewing width; (3) wing diagonal (Sakagami 1978); (4) 1 st abscissa of M length; (5) 1 st abscissa of Cu length. Figs a – d drawn to same scale: scale bar = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: M—vein M; 1 st R—first recurrent vein; 2 nd Cu—second cubital cell; Ham—hamuli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290042/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
. First transverse cubital vein vestige present in 11% of wings examined and slight trace in 69% (n=98). Vein M of forewing terminates at or before position of anterior end of first recurrent vein in 99% of wings examined (n=98). Cell second Cu of forewing completely indicated by pigmented vein traces in 79% of wings examined (n=97). Hamuli 5 to 6 per wing. HBW broad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96846AEEA039F1FB73" box="[372,458,1182,1207]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF9684C8EEA039C8FB73" box="[470,499,1182,1207]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">19</figureCitation>
|
||
h),
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF968709EEA03A86FB72" box="[535,701,1182,1207]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.395" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9EEFD39DEFAE7" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF9685D9EEFD39BAFB1F" box="[199,385,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Sting rudiments.</emphasis>
|
||
Gonostyli shoulder width moderately narrow,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF9686BEEEFD3C73FB1E" box="[928,1096,1219,1243]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Apex of sting stylet broadly rounded or angular, occasionally with a narrowly rounded or acute protrusion. Sting lancet length moderately long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA334FF968589EF353901FAE6" box="[151,314,1291,1315]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1000000000000005" metricValueMax="3.4000000000000004" metricValueMin="2.8000000000000003" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.31" valueMax="0.34" valueMin="0.28">0.28–0.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF968456EF3439A4FAE7" box="[328,415,1290,1315]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,921,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[184,1405,913,1746]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 15. Worker sting rudiments metric data: ratio of maximum length of sting lancet (A) and shoulder width of gonostyli (B) in all Austroplebeia taxa. Data points are averages for 1 – 3 workers per nest or flower sample. 1. The geographically isolated colony, F 31, from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has colouring and HTW / HBW similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph. 2. Colonies C 58 and D 55 from the ‘ intermediate’ group of Halcroft et al. (2015) which are consistent with A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph in this analysis. 3. CS- 8 workers, with Grade 4 Thorax Colour Markings, collected from flowers in the MacDonnell Ranges, NT. They are consistent with A. australis – Central Colour Morph in this analysis, despite their relatively dark colouration. 4. GS- 10 workers collected from flowers on the far western edge of the A. cassiae range. 5. NS- 7 workers collected from flowers on the far eastern edge of the A. magna sp. nov. range. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290039/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF9684B5EF3439F2FAE7" box="[427,457,1290,1315]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[225,1358,197,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[213,1361,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 16. Austroplebeia worker sting rudiments: a, A. cincta NG; b. A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; f, A. australis – Western Colour Morph; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. All drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: Gon—gonostylus; Sty—sting stylet (bulb); Lan—sting lancet (first valvula or first ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290040/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">16</figureCitation>
|
||
g).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9EF103B6CFAAE" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF9685D9EF10392EFA83" box="[199,277,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Face markings usually Grade 3, ranging 1–4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96863FEF103B5CFA83" box="[801,871,1326,1351]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,197,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia workers. In many specimens, these cuticle markings may be obscured by hair on the clypeus and paraocular area. Visualisation of these markings can be improved by tilting the bee's head back and viewing the face obliquely." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290025/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96866BEF113BBFFA83" box="[885,900,1327,1351]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,977,999]" captionTargetBox="[212,1379,203,947]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[201,1384,193,957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation in worker face colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 300 workers from 114 colonies, in addition to 50 workers from 10 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290027/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thorax markings usually Grades 0–2, ranging 0–5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF9685CEEF6C3923FAAF" box="[208,280,1362,1387]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96843AEF6D390FFAAF" box="[292,308,1363,1387]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">7</figureCitation>
|
||
), Grade 2 maculations: 41% brown, 59% cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9EF483DACFA77" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Other areas with cream markings: pronotal lobe (sometimes yellow-brown); sometimes labrum dull cream, tegula and tibia I with a cream spot. Scape, pronotal collar, metasoma and other leg segments without maculations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9EF803A90F9A3" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Labrum yellow-brown, ranging dark brown to cream. Mandible: orange-brown medially, ranging red-brown to cream (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF9685F5EFDC3914FA3F" box="[235,303,1506,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[173,1421,213,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Variation in colour of the clypeus, mandible (middle part) and apical terga in workers and males of all Austroplebeia taxa. (No males are known in A. cincta NG and A. australis – Western Colour Morph.) Data are based on 120 workers and 62 males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290033/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); dark brown to orange-brown apically. Scape dark brown, sometimes red-brown. Tegula red-brown, ranging black to brown, sometimes with a small cream spot. Basal and medial terga black to red-brown. Apical terga dark brown, ranging black to brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF96876AEC143A83F987" box="[628,696,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[173,1421,213,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Variation in colour of the clypeus, mandible (middle part) and apical terga in workers and males of all Austroplebeia taxa. (No males are known in A. cincta NG and A. australis – Western Colour Morph.) Data are based on 120 workers and 62 males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290033/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sterna ranging black to brown. Tibia I dark brown or red-brown. Distitarsus usually red-brown to orange-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9EC4C3B5FF94F" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" box="[199,868,1650,1675]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF9685D9EC4C3920F94F" box="[199,283,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Pilosity</emphasis>
|
||
. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A334FF968475EC4D39C0F94F" box="[363,507,1651,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A334FF968475EC4D39C0F94F" box="[363,507,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the following differences:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9ECA93B1FF8FA" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Face with numerous appressed short whitish plumose hairs (often worn thin on elevated areas) admixed with sparse erect simple hairs (ca. 50 Μm). Plumose hair on paraocular area and supraantennal area longer, wellbranched and dense, hiding most of the surface. Density of plumose hair on clypeus only slightly finer than that on paraocular area, in unworn specimens hiding most of surface and often obscuring upper margin of clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA334FF968071ED3C388DF8FB" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
e). Vertex bristles slightly brown or brown, 75–200 Μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9685D9ED753B50F86E" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Scutum short hairs ca. 50 Μm, longer hairs 100 Μm, lateral and anterior fringes, 150–225 Μm, hair colour varying from pale to slightly brown. Scutellum longer bristles usually brown and 100–300 Μm. Mesepisternum longer simple hairs up to 300 Μm. T6 simple hairs up to 175 Μm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA334FF9585D9ED8938DDFF11" blockId="53.[151,1437,534,2035]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">In mature, fully coloured specimens: simple hairs of anterior and posterior corbicular fringes of tibia III usually slightly or distinctly brown, hairs on apical half of anterior fringe distinctly brown, penicillum and rastellum bristles brown, basitarsus III inner surface with coarse brown bristles, ranging from mid-brown to deep opaque brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EAE13CD1FF3C" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1258,223,248]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9EAE139F9FF3C" box="[199,450,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Geographic variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The extent of thorax colour markings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF958693EADE3BC4FF3C" box="[909,1023,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF958693EADE3BC4FF3C" box="[909,1023,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was 0–4% (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF958197EAE13CE7FF3C" box="[1161,1244,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,910,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,900,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ratio of head width and extent of thorax colour marking in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data from 121 colonies are shown, in addition to five flower samples from A. australis – Western Colour Morph and one A. australis flower sample with mixed Western / Central characteristics. Data points are averages from 10 – 49 workers per colony, or 5 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from eight individual type specimens are also shown. The T. symei and T. ornata types, in which the eyes are collapsed preventing accurate head width measurement, are not shown. The T. essingtoni holotype has a missing head, so data from the paratype are shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290034/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EB3A38F8FEA0" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Average colony head width in workers was generally
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF95862BEB3A3BE6FED8" box="[821,989,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.72" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.81" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.72">1.72–1.90 mm</quantity>
|
||
. However, two colonies (Q31, Q32) at Conjuboy, QLD, had unusually high average head widths of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF958621EB163BDFFEFB" box="[831,996,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" metricValueMax="1.98" metricValueMin="1.94" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.96" valueMax="1.98" valueMin="1.94">1.94–1.98 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the largest observed in this study (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF958071EB19388DFEA0" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,910,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,900,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ratio of head width and extent of thorax colour marking in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data from 121 colonies are shown, in addition to five flower samples from A. australis – Western Colour Morph and one A. australis flower sample with mixed Western / Central characteristics. Data points are averages from 10 – 49 workers per colony, or 5 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from eight individual type specimens are also shown. The T. symei and T. ornata types, in which the eyes are collapsed preventing accurate head width measurement, are not shown. The T. essingtoni holotype has a missing head, so data from the paratype are shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290034/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EB4E3C79FE30" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
In some colonies at the southern end of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9587A0EB4E3B09FE4C" box="[702,818,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9587A0EB4E3B09FE4C" box="[702,818,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
range, worker bees displayed mixed characteristics in thorax colouration, basitarsus bristle colour, clypeus hair density and HTW/HBW scores. For instance, those in colony D46 had dark thorax colouration typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9587CCEB863B7EFE14" box="[722,837,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9587CCEB863B7EFE14" box="[722,837,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0%), but had relatively fine clypeus hair and golden to slightly brown bristles on the inner basitarsus III that were similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9586A4EBE23C00FE31" box="[954,1083,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9586A4EBE23C00FE31" box="[954,1083,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EBC13897FDF9" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9EBC13930FDDC" bold="true" box="[199,267,511,536]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Body 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF958499E83E39E4FDD3" box="[391,479,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Forewing (including tegula)
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF958632EBC13B8DFDD3" box="[812,950,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="4.3" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. All other measurements are listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40370A337FF958040EBC13893FDF9" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="62.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1402,204,2026]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="TABLE 5. Structural dimensions from Austroplebeia males. Measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF096643A33FFF9D8589EAA63C34FF6B" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" tableUuid="DF096643A33FFF9D8589EAA63C34FF6B">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9E8763911FD09" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9E8763917FD9B" box="[199,300,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Structure</emphasis>
|
||
. Head width 1.75–2.00 mm. Interocellar distance 2.2–2.8x ocellorbital distance. Clypeus length 0.5– 0.6x width. Mandible preapical tooth weaker than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9587F2E8523B6BFD40" box="[748,848,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9587F2E8523B6BFD40" box="[748,848,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9586CFE8523C68FD41" box="[977,1107,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9586CFE8523C68FD41" box="[977,1107,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF95817DE8523C8EFD41" box="[1123,1205,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
l). Scape length 0.7– 0.8x alveolus–lateral ocellus distance. Flagellum relatively longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9586E6E8AE3C5BFD6C" box="[1016,1120,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9586E6E8AE3C5BFD6C" box="[1016,1120,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, flagellum length 4.1–4.5x scape length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9E8E93992FCD0" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Hamuli per wing 5–6. HBW moderate,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF958790E8E63B0DFD2B" box="[654,822,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.22">0.22–0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
. HTW moderate,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF95811DE8E63C93FD2B" box="[1027,1192,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.45499999999999996" valueMax="0.48" valueMin="0.43">0.43–0.48 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF9581A7E8E93D35FD34" box="[1209,1294,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1091,1113]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,186,1059]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[199,1387,179,1070]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in males of all Austroplebeia species. Data points are averages from 2 – 3 males per colony. Data from the male paratypes of A. magna sp. nov. are also shown. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290037/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). HTL long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF958589E8C23901FCD0" box="[151,314,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" metricValueMax="1.29" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.24" valueMax="1.29" valueMin="1.19">1.19–1.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF958457E8C239A7FCD0" box="[329,412,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[186,1405,617,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[171,1416,613,1455]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ratio of head width and tibia III length in males of all Austroplebeia species. Data points are averages from 2 – 3 males per colony. Data from the male paratypes of A. magna sp. nov. are also shown. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290038/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9E9213905FC28" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9E92139DBFCFC" box="[199,480,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9585D9E921397AFCFC" box="[199,321,799,824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Terminalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and genitalia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Graduli of S3 and S4 gently curved, but more acutely curved and almost touching antecosta in some males from Cape York, QLD. S5 gradulus transverse and usually very close to or touching antecosta, apical margin smooth or slightly curved. S6 with median body width variable but relatively broad and parallel sided or with slight medial constriction, apically pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF95866BE9B23BF2FC60" box="[885,969,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1333,219,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[242,1343,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 20. Austroplebeia male sterna and terga, shown in ventral view except for Fig. r. Figs a – f. S 4: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d – e, A. cassiae showing variation in position of gradulus; f, A. magna sp. nov. Figs g – j. S 5: g, A. cincta; h, A. essingtoni, arrow indicates protruding apical lobe; i, A. australis; j, A. cassiae. Figs k – o. S 6: k, A. cincta; l, A. essingtoni; m, A. australis; n, A. cassiae; o, A. magna sp. nov. Figs p – q. S 7: p, A. cincta; q, A. australis. Fig. r. T 7 of A. cassiae, dorsal view. Figs a – f, scale bar = 0.5 mm; figs g – r, scale bar = 0.33 mm. Abbreviations: Gra—gradulus; Med—median body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290044/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 20</figureCitation>
|
||
d–e, j, n). S7 quadrangular, apical margin transverse (similar to
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF958493E99139DAFC0C" box="[397,481,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1333,219,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[242,1343,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 20. Austroplebeia male sterna and terga, shown in ventral view except for Fig. r. Figs a – f. S 4: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d – e, A. cassiae showing variation in position of gradulus; f, A. magna sp. nov. Figs g – j. S 5: g, A. cincta; h, A. essingtoni, arrow indicates protruding apical lobe; i, A. australis; j, A. cassiae. Figs k – o. S 6: k, A. cincta; l, A. essingtoni; m, A. australis; n, A. cassiae; o, A. magna sp. nov. Figs p – q. S 7: p, A. cincta; q, A. australis. Fig. r. T 7 of A. cassiae, dorsal view. Figs a – f, scale bar = 0.5 mm; figs g – r, scale bar = 0.33 mm. Abbreviations: Gra—gradulus; Med—median body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290044/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
q). Gonostylus gently curved. Base of penis valve relatively broad and short (similar to
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF9585AAE9EA3933FC28" box="[180,264,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1495,1517]" captionTargetBox="[335,1251,197,1473]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[327,1259,193,1474]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 21. Austroplebeia male genitalia. Figs a – c. Genitalia, dorsal view on left, ventral view on right: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. magna sp. nov. Figs d – e. Apical abdomen and protruding parts of genitalia, viewed laterally, as visible in many pinned male specimens: d, A. essingtoni, showing distinct curve in apical gonostylus; e. A. magna sp. nov., with gently curved apical gonostylus. Figs a – c drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: Pen—penis valve; Gon—gonostylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290045/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 21</figureCitation>
|
||
c, e).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9E9C93A2BFBF0" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9E9C9392EFBD4" box="[199,277,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Face markings usually Grade 17, sometimes 18 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF95866EE9C93B85FBD4" box="[880,958,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1410]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290026/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF9586CEE9C63BDAFBD4" box="[976,993,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[327,1259,1108,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[316,1271,1090,1951]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Variation in male face colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta and A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Data show 186 males from 38 colonies. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290028/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thorax markings usually Grade 11, sometimes 6 or 12–13 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF958480EE2239DDFBF1" box="[414,486,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF9584EDEE223A39FBF0" box="[499,514,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,1163,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[208,1377,1156,1954]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Variation in male thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta and A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Data show 196 males from 38 colonies. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290032/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EE0139A0FB64" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Other areas with cream or yellow markings: ventral scape, labrum and pronotal lobe, all femora and tibiae; usually mandible, a spot on tegula, apical terga, sterna and basitarsi; sometimes trochanters and spots on upper edge of pronotal collar.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EE923B68FAF4" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Scape dark brown to brown dorsally, cream ventrally. Flagellum red-brown to yellow-brown. Tegula redbrown, yellow brown or transparent, sometimes with a cream spot. Metanotum ranging dark brown to cream. Basal and medial terga black to brown. Apical terga cream, ranging red-brown to yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF958121EECA3CB8FAC8" box="[1087,1155,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[173,1421,213,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Variation in colour of the clypeus, mandible (middle part) and apical terga in workers and males of all Austroplebeia taxa. (No males are known in A. cincta NG and A. australis – Western Colour Morph.) Data are based on 120 workers and 62 males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290033/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sterna ranging black to cream. Unmarked areas of tibiae dark brown to yellow-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EF023B5FFA91" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,868,1340,1365]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9EF023920FA91" box="[199,283,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pilosity</emphasis>
|
||
. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF958475EF0239C0FA90" box="[363,507,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF958475EF0239C0FA90" box="[363,507,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the following differences:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EF613D63FAB3" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1368,1375,1400]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Clypeus with an even layer of short fine plumose or simple hair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF958681EF613BC8FABC" box="[927,1011,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 23. Austroplebeia male faces: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; d, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290047/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
e). Vertex bristles, 100–275 Μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EFBA3ACDFA21" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Scutum with numerous ca. 50 Μm and sparse longer simple hairs (ca. 125 Μm), up to 250 Μm laterally. Scutellum simple hairs up to 275 Μm. Mesepisternum plumose hairs narrow and feather-like, with barbs shorter and more closely spaced than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9584CBEFF23A6DFA21" box="[469,598,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9584CBEFF23A6DFA21" box="[469,598,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF95877BEFF23A82FA21" box="[613,697,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
d, f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EFCE3CD4F9CC" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1263,1519,1544]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">In mature, fully coloured specimens, basitarsus III inner surface bristles pale, golden or brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EC2A3A48F9E8" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,627,1556,1581]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9EC2A39A9F9E9" box="[199,402,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Surface sculpture.</emphasis>
|
||
As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9584C5EC2A3A50F9E8" box="[475,619,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9584C5EC2A3A50F9E8" box="[475,619,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EC093BF1F98B" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,970,1591,1616]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9EC093927F994" bold="true" box="[199,284,1591,1616]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Queen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF958478EC0939CBF98B" box="[358,496,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="5.55" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Forewing (including tegula)
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF958622EC063BFDF98B" box="[828,966,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="4.4" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EC633A16F9B0" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,557,1628,1652]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9EC633917F9B0" box="[199,300,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Structure</emphasis>
|
||
. HBW
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA337FF95849DEC623A12F9B0" box="[387,553,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="0.26" valueMax="0.29" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EC413C69F95C" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1106,1663,1688]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9EC41392EF95C" box="[199,277,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Face markings up to Grade 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF958768EC413AF1F95C" box="[630,714,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 24. Austroplebeia queen faces: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; d, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290048/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
e). Thorax markings up to Grade 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9EC9A3B94F8EC" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9EC9A3920F979" box="[199,283,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pilosity</emphasis>
|
||
. Clypeus with moderate to dense simple hair, some plumose hair near apical margin. Scutellum bristles slightly brown to brown, and up to 425 Μm. T1–T3 with sparse fine short hairs, longer coarse bristles on lateral and dorsal T2–T5 generally absent. T4–T6 with short dense hair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA337FF958656ECD23BA0F8C0" box="[840,923,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1390,808,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,808,1568]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pilosity on apical part of Austroplebeia queen abdomen, viewed laterally: a, A. cassiae; b, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290051/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
a), T6 with an apical fringe of long (up to 325 Μm) simple hairs. Basitarsus III inner surface bristles golden to brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6540A337FF9A85D9ED0A3B2DFDA4" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA337FF9585D9ED0A394FF850" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9585D9ED0A398BF889" bold="true" box="[199,432,1844,1869]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A337FF9584A9ED0A3ACFF888" box="[439,756,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A337FF9584A9ED0A3A25F889" box="[439,542,1844,1869]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF95875FED0B3ACFF888" box="[577,756,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">Trigona cassiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA337FF958614ED0A3B5BF888" box="[778,864,1844,1868]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
17b.1137, worker), labelled as follows: “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A337FF958030ED0A3D53F888" box="[1326,1384,1844,1868]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
(red border), “B.M.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A337FF958459ED6639B6F8AB" box="[327,397,1880,1903]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA337FF958459ED6639B6F8AB" box="[327,397,1880,1903]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">TYPE</collectionCode>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
/ HYM. / 14B.1137, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF958793ED693ADCF8B4" box="[653,743,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigona</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF95861FED693B6BF8B4" box="[769,848,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">cassiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Ckll
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A337FF9586BCED663BD0F8AB" box="[930,1003,1880,1903]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA337FF9586BCED663BD0F8AB" box="[930,1003,1880,1903]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">TYPE</collectionCode>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
, “Turner Coll. / 1912–111, “Mackay / 12.99 /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A337FF9585F2ED423903F851" box="[236,312,1916,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="54" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cassia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 900.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF096643A336FF948589ECE13AB1F82F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290053/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[273,1315,195,1727]" targetPageId="55">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA336FF948589ECE13AB1F82F" blockId="55.[151,1437,1759,2027]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF948589ECE1391AF931" bold="true" box="[151,289,1759,1781]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF948436ECE1398EF931" box="[296,437,1759,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF948436ECE1398EF931" box="[296,437,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest entrances: a, A long
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF9487DCECDE3B26F931" box="[706,797,1760,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF9487DCECDE3B26F931" box="[706,797,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tunnel (120 mm) near Rossville, QLD; b, The tunnel of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF948098ECDE38C5F8D0" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF948098ECDE38C5F8D0" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony that has nested in a cliff face crevice 65k S of Maningrida, NT (photograph by Aung Si); c, A translucent fresh tunnel of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF948442ED2039EEF8F7" box="[348,469,1821,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF948442ED2039EEF8F7" box="[348,469,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony near Tara, QLD (photograph by M. Halcroft); d, An
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF948143ED203CEEF8F7" box="[1117,1237,1821,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF948143ED203CEEF8F7" box="[1117,1237,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony without an entrance tunnel, near Tara, QLD (photograph by M. Halcroft); e, A thicker and older tunnel of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF9481B0ED023D23F896" box="[1198,1304,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF9481B0ED023D23F896" box="[1198,1304,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony near Rossville, QLD; f, The tunnel of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF94871AED653A5EF8B4" box="[516,613,1883,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF94871AED653A5EF8B4" box="[516,613,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony 50k S of Maningrida, NT (photograph by Aung Si); g, The longest tunnel recorded in this study: the 430 mm tunnel of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF948762ED443AEDF84B" box="[636,726,1914,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF948762ED443AEDF84B" box="[636,726,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony that was being harassed by green ants near Rossville, QLD; h, Another long tunnel (ca. 120–130 mm) of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF948779EDA63AF2F86A" box="[615,713,1944,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF948779EDA63AF2F86A" box="[615,713,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF9487CEEDA93B1AF869" bold="true" box="[720,801,1943,1965]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A2A336FF9487CEEDA93B1AF869" box="[720,801,1943,1965]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
colony 50k S of Maningrida, NT. Green ants can also be seen on this tunnel (photograph by Aung Si); i, The 160 mm tunnel of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A336FF94867AED893BF6F808" box="[868,973,1975,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A336FF94867AED893BF6F808" box="[868,973,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colony near Rossville, QLD. The green ants seen on this tunnel have caught two forager bees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA339FF9B85D9EAA739F8FEFB" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B85D9EAA73981FF74" box="[199,442,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Provenance of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A339FF9B8469EAA73988FF74" box="[375,435,153,176]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">types</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Rowland Edwards Turner (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B87E1EAA93BBBFF74" box="[767,896,151,176]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1863" valueMax="1945">1863–1945</date>
|
||
) and/or his brother, Gilbert Turner (ca.
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B8048EAA938E9FF10" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1866" valueMax="1903">1866– 1903</date>
|
||
), collected the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A339FF9B8464EA8339DEFF10" box="[378,485,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B8464EA8339DEFF10" box="[378,485,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">T. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A339FF9B84F0EA823A6BFF11" box="[494,592,188,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(“Turner, 900) in
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B8604EA823BF0FF10" box="[794,971,188,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1899-12">
|
||
December
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA339FF9B868DEA823BF0FF10" box="[915,971,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82346" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="1899.0">1899</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in Mackay,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B814AEA823CABFF10" box="[1108,1168,188,212]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">QLD</collectionCode>
|
||
, from flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A339FF9B804EEA83397FFF3C" authority="Leguminosae" authorityName="Leguminosae" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B804EEA833DA7FF10" box="[1360,1436,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Cassia</emphasis>
|
||
(Leguminosae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA339FF9B844CEAE13A2FFF3C" author="Cockerell" box="[338,532,223,248]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1930) The bees of Australia. The Australian Zoologist, 6, 137 - 156, 205 - 236." type="journal article" year="1930">Cockerell (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documented the intensive collecting work of the Turner brothers. The Turner collection of Australian bees was deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B87C4EB3B3B15FED8" box="[730,814,261,284]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
where Cockerell examined and later borrowed it. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A339FF9B8589EB1938C2FE84" box="[151,249,295,320]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is still in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B8479EB163984FEFB" box="[359,447,296,319]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA339FF9B85D9EB723A9BFE69" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
According to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A339FF9B8488EB7339FDFEA1" box="[406,454,333,357]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA339FF9B877FEB723B2CFEA0" author="Cockerell" box="[609,791,332,357]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1910) New and little known bees. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 36, 199 - 249." type="journal article" year="1910">Cockerell 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a male was also collected from the same location by Turner in
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B8418EB513980FE4C" box="[262,443,367,392]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1891-11">November 1891</date>
|
||
(“Turner, 318). However, this specimen could not be found in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B81B8EB4E3CC1FE43" box="[1190,1274,368,391]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
collection nor their database (D. Notton, pers. comm., 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA339FF9B85D9EB893A69FE30" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B85D9EB8939C4FE14" box="[199,511,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A339FF9B85D9EB893915FE14" box="[199,302,439,464]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A339FF9B8445EB8739C4FE14" box="[347,511,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">Trigona symei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B8704EB863A58FE14" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[538,611,440,464]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
, worker), labelled as follows: “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A339FF9B86C9EB863C19FE14" box="[983,1058,440,464]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B86C9EB863C19FE14" box="[983,1058,440,464]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">TYPE</collectionCode>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A339FF9B8122EB893CADFE14" box="[1084,1174,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trigona</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ symesi Raym / NT. QUEENS, “
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B8403EBE23951FE30" box="[285,362,476,500]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">AUST</collectionCode>
|
||
. NAT. / INS.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B871FEBE23A75FE30" box="[513,590,476,500]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">COLL</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA339FF9B85D9E83F3922FD6C" blockId="56.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B85D9E83F3992FDDC" box="[199,425,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Provenance of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A339FF9B846FE83F3999FDDC" box="[369,418,513,536]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
According to the detailed species redescription in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA339FF9B86F8E83E3CA6FDDC" author="Rayment" box="[998,1181,511,536]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Rayment, T. (1935) A cluster of bees; sixty essays on the life-histories of Australian bees, with specific descriptions of over 100 new species, and an introduction by E. F. Phillips. The Endeavour Press, Sydney, 752 pp." type="book" year="1935">Rayment (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A339FF9B81C8E83F3D0AFDDC" box="[1238,1329,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B81C8E83F3D0AFDDC" box="[1238,1329,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">T. symei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A339FF9B8024EBC13DA7FDDC" box="[1338,1436,511,536]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected in 'North Queensland'. The exact locality and the collector are unknown. Rayment dedicated this new species to Geoffrey Syme of Melbourne, in appreciation for his interest in preserving the fauna and fauna of Victoria. This may have been Sir Geoffrey Syme (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B87D4E8523B76FD40" box="[714,845,620,644]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1873" valueMax="1942">1873–1942</date>
|
||
), the Melbourne newspaper proprietor. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A339FF9B8024E8523DA7FD41" box="[1338,1436,620,645]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B85D3E8AE392EFD6C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[205,277,656,680]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF096643A339FF9B8589EF393C99FA9E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290054/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[151,1436,735,1265]" targetPageId="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA339FF9B8589EF393C99FA9E" blockId="56.[151,1436,1287,1370]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B8589EF393919FAD9" bold="true" box="[151,290,1287,1309]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 30.</emphasis>
|
||
Nest tunnels photographed at night (ca. 11pm) near Rossville, QLD: a, An
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A339FF9B8124EF363C98FAD9" box="[1082,1187,1288,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B8124EF363C98FAD9" box="[1082,1187,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tunnel closed by a lacy mesh of fine resinous droplets (this tunnel closure style is also common in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A339FF9B868AEF183C32FAFF" box="[916,1033,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B868AEF183C32FAFF" box="[916,1033,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); b, An
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A339FF9B8141EF183C81FAF8" box="[1119,1210,1318,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B8141EF183C81FAF8" box="[1119,1210,1318,1340]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tunnel which was left completely open; c, An
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A339FF9B8497EF7B39D8FA9E" box="[393,483,1349,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B8497EF7B39D8FA9E" box="[393,483,1349,1370]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tunnel partially closed by an almost solid wall of cream waxy flakes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA339FF9A85D9EFB93DA5FE14" blockId="56.[151,1436,1415,2016]" lastBlockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B85D9EFB93B46FA64" bold="true" box="[199,893,1415,1440]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Other worker and male specimens examined. Queensland</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B8693EFB63998FA00" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Nest samples, collected by AED & LJD except where otherwise stated:</emphasis>
|
||
Cape York near Bamaga,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B87D1EF923B04FA00" box="[719,831,1452,1476]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1983-08">Aug 1983</date>
|
||
(Nest F3,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B86A7EF923C00FA00" box="[953,1083,1451,1476]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest F6,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B81AEEF923D0AFA00" box="[1200,1329,1451,1476]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8023EF953DA3FA00" box="[1341,1432,1451,1476]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest F32,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8415EFF139B0FA2C" box="[267,395,1487,1512]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8488EFF139C9FA2C" box="[406,498,1487,1512]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
|
||
); Cape York on Jardine River,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B8654EFEE3B82FA23" box="[842,953,1487,1512]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1983-08">Aug 1983</date>
|
||
(Nest F43,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8120EFF13C85FA2C" box="[1086,1214,1487,1512]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B81D4EFF13D1FFA2C" box="[1226,1316,1487,1512]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest F44,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8589EFCA3922F9C8" box="[151,281,1523,1548]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8438EFCA3943F9C8" box="[294,376,1523,1548]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
); Coen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B84C4EFCD3A4BF9C8" box="[474,624,1523,1548]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1983-08-25">25 Aug 1983</date>
|
||
(Nest F47,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B87E5EFCA3B46F9C8" box="[763,893,1523,1548]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8694EFCA3BE6F9C8" box="[906,989,1523,1548]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
); Alec Springs, 15k N of Strath-Haven Station, Nest G13 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8470EC2939D8F9F4" box="[366,483,1559,1584]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); Laura,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B875BEC293AEAF9EB" box="[581,721,1559,1584]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1982-02-21">21 Feb 1982</date>
|
||
(Nest Q22,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8644EC293BE7F9F4" box="[858,988,1559,1584]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); 5k S Rossville:
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B81BEEC263D3EF9EB" box="[1184,1285,1559,1583]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2010-06">Jun 2010</date>
|
||
(Nest D12,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8090EC2938CFF990" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">9 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B85E0EC023977F990" box="[254,332,1595,1620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, L. Roberts);
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B84FAEC023A69F990" box="[484,594,1596,1620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2012-11">Nov 2012</date>
|
||
(Nest D18,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B87C4EC023B61F990" box="[730,858,1595,1620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest D19,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B86C2EC023C67F990" box="[988,1116,1595,1620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest D21,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B81C0EC023D64F990" box="[1246,1375,1595,1620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest D22,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B85CBEC61396EF9BC" box="[213,341,1631,1656]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest D24,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B84C6EC613A61F9BC" box="[472,602,1631,1656]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">14 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); Koolatah Station,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B8628EC613BD7F9B3" box="[822,1004,1631,1655]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1998-09-23" valueMax="1998-09-24" valueMin="1998-09-23">23–24 Sep 1998</date>
|
||
(Nest M18,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8166EC613CC2F9BC" box="[1144,1273,1631,1656]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest M19,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B809EEC6138CFF958" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B841EECBA3960F958" box="[256,347,1667,1692]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest M20,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B84F9ECBD3A67F958" box="[487,604,1667,1692]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest M21,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B87F6ECBA3B50F958" box="[744,875,1667,1692]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">19 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); 15k NW of Dunbar Station,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B81DDECBA3D6CF958" box="[1219,1367,1668,1692]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1990-08-24">24 Aug 1990</date>
|
||
(Nest G7,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B85D2EC993968F904" box="[204,339,1703,1728]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest G9,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B84C9EC993A64F904" box="[471,607,1703,1728]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">15 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); Conjuboy,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B87E9EC993B5EF97B" box="[759,869,1703,1728]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1982-02">Feb 1982</date>
|
||
(Nest Q31,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B86E3EC993C4DF904" box="[1021,1142,1703,1728]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">9 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest Q32,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8017EC993DABF904" box="[1289,1424,1703,1728]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); Rockhampton,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B845DECF239E4F920" box="[323,479,1739,1764]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1996-09-07" valueMax="1996-09-08" valueMin="1996-09-07">7–8 Sep 1996</date>
|
||
(Nest C14,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8774ECF23AD6F920" box="[618,749,1739,1764]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest C17,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B866CECF23BCFF920" box="[882,1012,1739,1764]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest C28,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8167ECF23CC7F920" box="[1145,1276,1739,1764]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">29 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest C29,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B809FECF238CDF8CC" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">11 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); Duaringa,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B849FECD139D7F8C3" box="[385,492,1775,1799]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1987-09">Sep 1987</date>
|
||
(Nest N23,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8766ECD13AC2F8CC" box="[632,761,1775,1800]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B861BECD13B54F8CC" box="[773,879,1775,1800]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">15 males</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B869AECD13C01F8C3" box="[900,1082,1775,1799]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1987-10-17" valueMax="1987-10-22" valueMin="1987-10-17">17–22 Oct 1987</date>
|
||
(all by E. Adams: Nest N24,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8090ECD138CEF8E8" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">8 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest N25,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8469ED2A39D2F8E8" box="[375,489,1811,1836]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">9 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest N26,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8775ED2A3AD7F8E8" box="[619,748,1811,1836]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">11 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B87E0ED2D3BB4F8E8" box="[766,911,1811,1836]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1987-11-15">15 Nov 1987</date>
|
||
(Nest N31,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8109ED2A3CADF8E8" box="[1047,1174,1811,1836]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">10 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
, E. Adams),
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B8038ED2A38F4F894" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1996-09-10" valueMax="1996-09-12" valueMin="1996-09-10">10–12 Sep 1996</date>
|
||
(Nest C31,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8443ED0939DBF894" box="[349,480,1847,1872]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest C36,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8777ED093AD6F894" box="[617,749,1847,1872]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest C37,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8668ED093BC2F894" box="[886,1017,1847,1872]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest C38,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B819CED093CCCF894" box="[1154,1271,1847,1872]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest C42,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B809EED0938CEF8B0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest C43,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8468ED6239CDF8B0" box="[374,502,1883,1908]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B8717ED623AA8F8B0" box="[521,659,1883,1908]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1996-10-12">12 Oct 1996</date>
|
||
(Nest C58,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8607ED623BA0F8B0" box="[793,923,1883,1908]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">20 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); Bororen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B8109ED623CAFF8B0" box="[1047,1172,1884,1908]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1990-09-08">8 Sep 1990</date>
|
||
(Nest G34,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8002ED653DABF8B0" box="[1308,1424,1883,1908]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); Gin Gin,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B85E1ED413988F85C" box="[255,435,1919,1944]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1996-10-18" valueMax="1996-10-21" valueMin="1996-10-18">18–21 Oct 1996</date>
|
||
(Nest C79,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8726ED413A83F85C" box="[568,696,1919,1944]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">12 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B87DDED413B26F85C" box="[707,797,1919,1944]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest C91,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8683ED413C24F85C" box="[925,1055,1919,1944]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">10 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
); from Rainbow Beach but kept at Ipswich,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B85E1ED9A3952F878" box="[255,361,1956,1980]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2013-09">Sep 2013</date>
|
||
(all by C. Heather: Nest D36,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B87D6ED9A3B71F878" box="[712,842,1955,1980]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">18 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest D45,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B86CFED9A3C68F878" box="[977,1107,1955,1980]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">21 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest D46,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B81C4ED9D3D66F878" box="[1242,1373,1955,1980]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">16 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Nest D47,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B85C5EDF9395AF824" box="[219,353,1991,2016]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">15 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
).—
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A339FF9B8497EDF93B3AF824" box="[393,769,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Samples collected from flowers:</emphasis>
|
||
61k N Coen.
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA339FF9B86ADEDF93C7EF81B" box="[947,1093,1991,2015]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1988-11-02">2 Nov 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA339FF9B81C7EDF63D21F81B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[1241,1306,1992,2015]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A339FF9B8034EDF93DA3F824" box="[1322,1432,1991,2016]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
; McIlwraith Range, 30k E Coen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8712EAA63AADFF74" box="[524,662,152,176]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1988-11-03">3 Nov 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A8601EAA63B5BFF6B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[799,864,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A8672EAA63BDBFF74" box="[876,992,151,176]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
, 25k E Coen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A819AEAA63D26FF74" box="[1156,1309,152,176]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1988-11-12">12 Nov 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A8589EA8338E3FF10" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[151,216,189,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A85FBEA82396BFF11" box="[229,336,188,213]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
; 13k SE Coen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8719EA823AA8FF10" box="[519,659,188,212]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1988-11-01">1 Nov 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A8600EA833B64FF10" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[798,863,189,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A8673EA823BD9FF11" box="[877,994,188,213]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; 45k S Coen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8196EA823D20FF10" box="[1160,1307,188,212]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1988-10-30">30 Oct 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A8589EADE38E3FF33" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[151,216,224,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A85FDEADE3970FF3C" box="[227,331,223,248]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
; Silver Plains, 55k SE Coen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8789EADE3B24FF3C" box="[663,799,224,248]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1988-11-01">1 Nov 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A86BDEADE3BDFFF33" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[931,996,224,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A86F1EADE3C59FF3C" box="[1007,1122,223,248]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
, 42k SE Coen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A800EEADE3DA3FF3C" box="[1296,1432,224,248]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1988-11-01">1 Nov 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A840AEB3B396EFED8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[276,341,261,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A847CEB3A39F7FED9" box="[354,460,260,285]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
; 27k SE Coen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A879CEB3A3B21FED8" box="[642,794,260,284]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1988-11-13">13 Nov 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A86BBEB3B3BDDFED8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[933,998,261,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A86EDEB3A3C52FED9" box="[1011,1129,260,285]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; 28k S Cooktown,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8059EB3A38E9FE84" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1988-11-15">15 Nov 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A844DEB1639AFFEFB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[339,404,296,319]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A8480EB163A2BFE84" box="[414,528,295,320]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Mt Carbine,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A87B6EB163B0FFE84" box="[680,820,296,320]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1988-10-27">27 Oct 1988</date>
|
||
, K Walker,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A86ABEB163BCDFEFB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[949,1014,296,319]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A811EEB163C5CFE84" box="[1024,1127,295,320]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
; 30k N Normanton,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8054EB1638E9FEA0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1990-08-21">21 Aug 1990</date>
|
||
, AED & LJD, GS-10:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A84C4EB723A74FEA1" box="[474,591,332,357]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">8 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; 20k E Georgetown,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A865AEB723BE6FEA0" box="[836,989,332,356]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1990-08-17">17 Aug 1990</date>
|
||
, AED & LJD, GS-5:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A81C6EB723D76FEA1" box="[1240,1357,332,357]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">4 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; 66k S Townsville,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A843CEB4E398FFE4C" box="[290,436,367,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2005-04-17">17 Apr 2005</date>
|
||
, M Batley,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A8729EB4E3A4DFE4C" box="[567,630,368,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A879CEB4E3AD0FE4C" box="[642,747,367,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
; 10k S Bowen,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8681EB4E3C14FE4C" box="[927,1071,367,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1982-02-14">14 Feb 1982</date>
|
||
, AED & LJD, QS-5:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A803AEB4E3DA3FE4C" box="[1316,1432,367,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">8 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; Halliday Bay, 50k NW Mackay (label states '50k NE Mackay'),
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8675EBAA3BC0FE68" box="[875,1019,404,428]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1983-09-19">19 Sep 1983</date>
|
||
, NW Rodd,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A8195EBAA3CF2FE68" box="[1163,1225,404,428]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A81C8EBAA3D72FE69" box="[1238,1353,404,429]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">2 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
; 36k N Clairview,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8410EB8639A1FE14" box="[270,410,439,464]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2005-04-20">20 Apr 2005</date>
|
||
, M Batley,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A8709EB863A6EFE14" box="[535,597,440,464]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A877EEB863AFEFE14" box="[608,709,439,464]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
; 14k SW Rainbow Beach,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A86F4EB863C4AFE14" box="[1002,1137,439,464]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="2006-01-23">23 Jan 2006</date>
|
||
, M Batley,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE0EA338FF9A81F3EB863D10FE14" box="[1261,1323,440,464]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">AMS</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD42A338FF9A8028EB863DA1FE14" box="[1334,1434,439,464]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="worker">1 worker</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9EBE23B2DFDA4" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A85D9EBE23A27FE31" bold="true" box="[199,540,476,501]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Queen specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8738EBE33C4CFE30" box="[550,1143,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Nest samples collected by AED & LJD, 18 queens:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A819FEBE23D23FE31" bold="true" box="[1153,1304,476,501]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Queensland:</emphasis>
|
||
Cape York near Bamaga,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8424E83E3990FDDC" box="[314,427,512,536]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1983-08">Aug 1983</date>
|
||
(Nest F6, 2 virgin; Nest F32, 1 gravid, 8 virgin); Cape York on Jardine River,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A8032E83E3DA7FDDC" box="[1324,1436,512,536]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1983-08">Aug 1983</date>
|
||
(Nest F43, 1 gravid; Nest F44, 1 virgin); Conjuboy,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A87C7E81A3B79FDF8" box="[729,834,548,573]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1982-02">Feb 1982</date>
|
||
(Nest Q32, 1 gravid); Duaringa,
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A81ADE81A3D20FDF8" box="[1203,1307,548,572]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1987-09">Sep 1987</date>
|
||
(Nest N23, 1 gravid, 2 virgin),
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A846EE8763A1DFDA4" box="[368,550,583,608]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1996-09-10" valueMax="1996-09-12" valueMin="1996-09-10">10–12 Sep 1996</date>
|
||
(Nest C37, 1 virgin).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6540A338FF9885D9E8523D41FBEB" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9E8523D7DFD34" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A85D9E8523900FD41" bold="true" box="[199,315,620,645]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8462E8523A23FD41" box="[380,536,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8462E8523A23FD41" box="[380,536,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations with the darkest colouration (Thorax Grades predominantly 0–2,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A8589E8B138E1FD6C" box="[151,218,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) were called the 'symei' group in our preliminary studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A8665E8B13C58FD6C" author="Halcroft" box="[891,1123,655,680]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Halcroft, M. T., Dollin, A., Francoy, T. M., King, J. E., Riegler, M., Haigh, A. M. & Spooner-Hart, R. N. (2015) Delimiting the species within the genus Austroplebeia, an Australian stingless bee, using multiple methodologies. Apidologie. [published online] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13592 - 015 - 0377 - 7" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Halcroft
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A86FAE8AF3C25FD6C" box="[996,1054,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), because the species name currently in common use for these colonies in QLD is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A87E5E88A3B61FD08" box="[763,858,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A87E5E88A3B61FD08" box="[763,858,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. symei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the present study has concluded that the names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A85FBE8E6396CFD34" box="[229,343,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A85FBE8E6396CFD34" box="[229,343,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8493E8E639C3FD34" box="[397,504,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8493E8E639C3FD34" box="[397,504,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A84E1E8E93A62FD34" bold="true" box="[511,601,727,752]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A2A338FF9A84E1E8E93A62FD34" box="[511,601,727,752]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
should be used for these populations in QLD and NT respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9E8C23AB4FC44" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A85D9E8C23AABFCD1" bold="true" box="[199,656,763,789]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A85E3E8C2394BFCD0" box="[253,368,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A85E3E8C2394BFCD0" bold="true" box="[253,368,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A84B3E8C23A34FCD0" box="[429,527,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A84B3E8C23A34FCD0" bold="true" box="[429,527,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. symei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A8709E8C23AB0FCD1" box="[535,651,764,789]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A87D4E8C23B07FCD0" box="[714,828,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A87D4E8C23B07FCD0" box="[714,828,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A865AE8C23B9DFCD1" box="[836,934,764,789]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected by Turner in 1899 at Mackay, QLD. This locality is near the centre of the QLD 'symei' group distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A86E6E9213C76FCFC" box="[1016,1101,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
d). With a large HBW of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA338FF9A8075E91E38F8FC98" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="0.41">0.41 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A85CBE97A3911FC98" box="[213,298,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40370A338FF9A8424E97A39A8FC98" box="[314,403,836,861]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="58.[151,239,653,676]" captionTargetBox="[159,1419,736,1987]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="TABLE 4. Structural dimensions from workers of A. cassiae and A. magna sp. nov. Measurements in mm. A " – " indicates that measurements were not available." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF096643A33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="DF096643A33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
), the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A84C6E97A3A75FC98" box="[472,590,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A84C6E97A3A75FC98" box="[472,590,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A8746E97A3A81FC99" box="[600,698,836,861]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is consistent with the QLD 'symei' group. Most of the clypeus pilosity is contaminated but it appears dense.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9E9B23ABAFBB9" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A85E3E9B2394FFC60" box="[253,372,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A85E3E9B2394FFC60" box="[253,372,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A8461E9B239DAFC61" box="[383,481,908,933]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is now discoloured. The scutum and head, normally black, are reddish brown, rendering scoring of colour maculations unreliable. However, in his
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A810EE98E3C7BFC0C" box="[1040,1088,944,968]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A81C4E9913DA7FC0C" author="Cockerell" box="[1242,1436,943,968]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1910) New and little known bees. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 36, 199 - 249." type="journal article" year="1910">Cockerell (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a quite detailed account of its original colouration. He stated that the specimen was 'very like [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A85BEE9C93913FBD4" box="[160,296,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A85BEE9C93913FBD4" box="[160,296,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tetragonula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8422E9C93981FBD4" box="[316,442,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8422E9C93981FBD4" box="[316,442,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">carbonaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
'—a very dark species without any cream maculations. He noted that the axillae were black and the scutellum had a broad dusky yellow band: equivalent to Thorax Grade
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA338FF9A814AEE223CBBFBF1" box="[1108,1152,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
this study. He added that the hair on the scutellum was 'fuscous' (or very dark brown). These characteristics all suggest that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8037EE7E3DA7FB9C" box="[1321,1436,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8037EE7E3DA7FB9C" box="[1321,1436,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A8589EE5A38C2FBB9" box="[151,249,1124,1149]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
belongs to the QLD 'symei' group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9EEB93B48FAF4" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A85E0EEB9395BFB64" box="[254,352,1159,1184]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8490EEB639C9FB64" box="[398,498,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8490EEB639C9FB64" box="[398,498,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. symei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also consistent with the QLD 'symei' group in both colouration (Face Grade probably 4, Thorax Grade 2,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A84FCEE923A12FB00" box="[482,553,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,197,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia workers. In many specimens, these cuticle markings may be obscured by hair on the clypeus and paraocular area. Visualisation of these markings can be improved by tilting the bee's head back and viewing the face obliquely." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290025/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A8726EE923A7CFB00" box="[568,583,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,977,999]" captionTargetBox="[212,1379,203,947]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[201,1384,193,957]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Variation in worker face colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 300 workers from 114 colonies, in addition to 50 workers from 10 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290027/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A874BEE923A5EFB01" box="[597,613,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A876CEE923ABAFB00" box="[626,641,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">7</figureCitation>
|
||
) and structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A862AEE923BB3FB00" box="[820,904,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40370A338FF9A868BEE923BD7FB00" box="[917,1004,1196,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="58.[151,239,653,676]" captionTargetBox="[159,1419,736,1987]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="TABLE 4. Structural dimensions from workers of A. cassiae and A. magna sp. nov. Measurements in mm. A " – " indicates that measurements were not available." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF096643A33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="DF096643A33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore it has dense hair on the clypeus, and dark bristles on the vertex, scutellum and inner basitarsus III, all characters consistent with the QLD 'symei' group. Its eyes are collapsed, preventing a meaningful head width measurement. It was collected in north QLD within the distribution of the QLD 'symei' group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A861AEF293B6CFAF4" box="[772,855,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9EF0339D8FA58" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
We consider that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A84A6EF023A1EFA91" box="[440,549,1340,1365]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8799EF023AC0FA90" box="[647,763,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8799EF023AC0FA90" box="[647,763,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A862AEF023BAFFA90" box="[820,916,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A862AEF023BAFFA90" box="[820,916,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. symei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both belong to the QLD 'symei' group. As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A809AEF0238D1FABC" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A809AEF0238D1FABC" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described 22 years before
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8747EF5E3A80FABC" box="[601,699,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8747EF5E3A80FABC" box="[601,699,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. symei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we conclude that the name of the QLD 'symei' group bees, by priority, should be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8474EFBA39E0FA58" box="[362,475,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8474EFBA39E0FA58" box="[362,475,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9EF993C53F9CC" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A85D9EF993B1FFA04" bold="true" box="[199,804,1447,1472]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">The male Turner specimen described by Cockerell.</emphasis>
|
||
In his
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A8671EF963BA4FA04" box="[879,927,1448,1472]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
|
||
description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A812EEF993CD5FA04" author="Cockerell" box="[1072,1262,1447,1472]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1910) New and little known bees. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 36, 199 - 249." type="journal article" year="1910">Cockerell (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also included a male specimen that was collected by Turner in
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA338FF9A87BDEFF23B60FA20" box="[675,859,1484,1509]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1891-11">November 1891</date>
|
||
. It was from Mackay, QLD, the same locality as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A338FF9A8589EFD138C7F9CC" box="[151,252,1519,1544]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but was collected eight years earlier. We were unable to locate this specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9EC2A3CD8F95C" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Cockerell described this male as “scutellum not pale banded”. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A86DAEC2A3C0CF9E8" box="[964,1079,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A86DAEC2A3C0CF9E8" box="[964,1079,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males examined in the present study had prominent cream or yellow maculations on the dorsal scutellum (Grades 6–13,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A818AEC093CE7F994" box="[1172,1244,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A81F5EC063CC0F994" box="[1259,1275,1592,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[214,1370,1163,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[208,1377,1156,1954]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Variation in male thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta and A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Data show 196 males from 38 colonies. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290032/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA338FF9A8016EC093D1CF994" box="[1288,1319,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">25</figureCitation>
|
||
d). So it is unlikely that this Turner male actually belonged to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A866AEC623BD1F9B0" box="[884,1002,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A866AEC623BD1F9B0" box="[884,1002,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Instead it may have belonged to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8589EC413924F95C" box="[151,287,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8589EC413924F95C" box="[151,287,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tetragonula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Australia's other genus of stingless bees, in which the males lack cream maculations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9EC9A3B2EF888" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A85D9EC9A3B45F979" bold="true" box="[199,894,1699,1725]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Earlier synonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A84CAEC9A3A77F978" box="[468,588,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A84CAEC9A3A77F978" bold="true" box="[468,588,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A878DEC9A3B25F978" box="[659,798,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A878DEC9A3B25F978" bold="true" box="[659,798,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
names.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Another complication with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A801EEC9A3DA7F979" box="[1280,1436,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A801EEC9A3DA7F979" box="[1280,1436,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nomenclature is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A849FECF639C8F924" box="[385,499,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A849FECF639C8F924" box="[385,499,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has sometimes been regarded as a junior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A814EECF63CE2F924" box="[1104,1241,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A814EECF63CEEF924" box="[1104,1237,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">A. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A81C1ECF93DA7F924" author="Michener" box="[1247,1436,1735,1760]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Michener, C. D. (1961) Observations on the nests and behavior of Trigona in Australia and New Guinea (Hymenoptera, Apidae). American Museum Novitates, 2026, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1961">Michener (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed colour distinctions proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A8790ECD23B68F8C0" author="Cockerell" box="[654,851,1772,1797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1930) The bees of Australia. The Australian Zoologist, 6, 137 - 156, 205 - 236." type="journal article" year="1930">Cockerell (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
then informally synonymised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A81DFECD23D03F8C0" box="[1217,1336,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A81DFECD23D03F8C0" box="[1217,1336,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A809AECD238C2F8EC" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A809AECD238C2F8EC" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This synonymy was mentioned again in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A87F3ED313C27F8EC" author="Wille" box="[749,1052,1807,1832]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Wille, A. & Michener, C. D. (1973) The nest architecture of stingless bees with special reference to those of Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 21 (Supplement 1), 9 - 278." type="journal article" year="1973">Wille & Michener (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but the two species were listed separately in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A8432ED0A39D9F889" author="Michener" box="[300,482,1844,1869]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Michener, C. D. (1965) A classification of the bees of the Australian and south Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 130, 1 - 362." type="journal article" year="1965">Michener (1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A84F0ED0A3A1CF888" author="Michener" box="[494,551,1844,1868]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Michener, C. D. (1990) Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera). Appendix: Trigona genalis Friese, a hitherto unplaced New Guinea species. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 54, 75 - 164." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A8778ED0A3B29F888" author="Cardale" box="[614,786,1844,1869]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Cardale, J. C. (1993) Hymenoptera: Apoidea. In: Houston, W. W. K. & Maynard, G. V. (Eds.), Zoological catalogue of Australia. Vol. 10. AGPS, Canberra, pp. i - x + 1 - 406." type="book chapter" year="1993">Cardale (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA338FF9A85D9ED693A68F818" blockId="57.[151,1438,151,2013]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A85D9ED6939BDF8B4" author="Cockerell" box="[199,390,1879,1904]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1930) The bees of Australia. The Australian Zoologist, 6, 137 - 156, 205 - 236." type="journal article" year="1930">Cockerell (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had cited the description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A87D8ED693B66F8B4" author="Friese" box="[710,861,1879,1904]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Friese, H. (1898) Die Trigona - Arten Australiens. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 21, 427 - 431." type="journal article" year="1898">Friese (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of the red-brown clypeus and yellow mandibles of
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A8589ED423924F851" box="[151,287,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A8589ED423927F851" box="[151,284,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">A. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
He suggested that these characters could be used to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A86F5ED423C57F851" box="[1003,1132,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A86F5ED423C57F851" box="[1003,1132,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A81AEED423D19F850" box="[1200,1314,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A81AEED423D19F850" box="[1200,1314,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA338FF9A8589ED9E396FF87D" author="Michener" box="[151,340,1952,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refString="Michener, C. D. (1961) Observations on the nests and behavior of Trigona in Australia and New Guinea (Hymenoptera, Apidae). American Museum Novitates, 2026, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1961">Michener (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that the colouration of the clypeus and mandibles was variable. Hence he suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A809AED9F38D1F818" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A809AED9F38D1F818" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a synonym for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A338FF9A84D2EDFA3A76F819" box="[460,589,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A338FF9A84D2EDFA3A76F819" box="[460,589,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA33BFF9985D9EAA93BCEFE84" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
This study agrees with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA33BFF9984C2EAA93AA7FF74" author="Michener" box="[476,668,151,176]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refString="Michener, C. D. (1961) Observations on the nests and behavior of Trigona in Australia and New Guinea (Hymenoptera, Apidae). American Museum Novitates, 2026, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1961">Michener (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that the colour of the clypeus and mandibles varies substantially within both species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA33BFF998493EA8239EDFF10" box="[397,470,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[173,1421,213,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Variation in colour of the clypeus, mandible (middle part) and apical terga in workers and males of all Austroplebeia taxa. (No males are known in A. cincta NG and A. australis – Western Colour Morph.) Data are based on 120 workers and 62 males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290033/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is not possible to separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998653EA823BFFFF10" box="[845,964,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998653EA823BFFFF10" box="[845,964,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF99811AEA823CB2FF11" box="[1028,1161,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF99811AEA823CB2FF11" box="[1028,1161,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using these characters. However, this study has also shown that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF9987ADEADE3B10FF3C" box="[691,811,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF9987ADEADE3B10FF3C" box="[691,811,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A33BFF998628EAE13BA3FF3C" box="[822,920,223,248]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
belongs to QLD populations that do differ markedly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF99845BEB3A39FCFED9" box="[325,455,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF99845BEB3A39FCFED9" box="[325,455,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA33BFF998743EB3A3A88FED8" box="[605,691,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[198,1388,207,1054]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[188,1399,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa. Data from 173 colonies are shown, in addition to 26 flower samples: A. australis – Western Colour Morph (14 x), A. australis with mixed Western / Central characteristics (4 x) and NG A. cincta (8 x). Data points are averages from 2 – 4 workers per colony, or 1 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from 12 individual type specimens are also shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290035/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA33BFF9987A1EB3A3AE6FED9" box="[703,733,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[191,1399,921,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[184,1405,913,1746]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 15. Worker sting rudiments metric data: ratio of maximum length of sting lancet (A) and shoulder width of gonostyli (B) in all Austroplebeia taxa. Data points are averages for 1 – 3 workers per nest or flower sample. 1. The geographically isolated colony, F 31, from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has colouring and HTW / HBW similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph. 2. Colonies C 58 and D 55 from the ‘ intermediate’ group of Halcroft et al. (2015) which are consistent with A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph in this analysis. 3. CS- 8 workers, with Grade 4 Thorax Colour Markings, collected from flowers in the MacDonnell Ranges, NT. They are consistent with A. australis – Central Colour Morph in this analysis, despite their relatively dark colouration. 4. GS- 10 workers collected from flowers on the far western edge of the A. cassiae range. 5. NS- 7 workers collected from flowers on the far eastern edge of the A. magna sp. nov. range. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290039/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">15</figureCitation>
|
||
), pilosity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA33BFF998648EB3A3B90FED8" box="[854,939,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs 22</figureCitation>
|
||
d–e, 25 e–f) and thorax colouration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA33BFF998050EB3A3DACFED8" box="[1358,1431,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[193,1390,197,1008]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[188,1398,193,1017]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Variation in worker thorax colour grades observed within all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data show 2503 workers from 158 colonies, in addition to 59 workers from 15 flower samples of A. australis – Western Colour Morph. Colour grades are as illustrated in Fig. 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290031/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA33BFF998589EB16388DFE84" box="[151,182,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,910,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,900,1770]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ratio of head width and extent of thorax colour marking in workers of all Austroplebeia taxa except A. cincta. Data from 121 colonies are shown, in addition to five flower samples from A. australis – Western Colour Morph and one A. australis flower sample with mixed Western / Central characteristics. Data points are averages from 10 – 49 workers per colony, or 5 – 12 workers per flower sample. Data from eight individual type specimens are also shown. The T. symei and T. ornata types, in which the eyes are collapsed preventing accurate head width measurement, are not shown. The T. essingtoni holotype has a missing head, so data from the paratype are shown. 1. Colony F 31 from the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula, QLD, which has characteristics similar to A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph despite its geographic isolation. Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290034/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hence
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998407EB1639B0FE84" box="[281,395,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998407EB1639B0FE84" box="[281,395,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF9984DFEB163A79FE84" box="[449,578,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF9984DFEB163A79FE84" box="[449,578,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be regarded as distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA33BFF9985D9EB723BC3FDA4" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF9985D9EB723B7CFEA1" bold="true" box="[199,839,332,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Workers with mixed characteristics in southern QLD.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998653EB723C79FEA0" box="[845,1090,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998653EB723C79FEA0" box="[845,1090,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Austroplebeia cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed to retain distinct characteristics in a large, long-established sympatric population with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF9986AAEB4E3C03FE4C" box="[948,1080,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF9986AAEB4E3C03FE4C" box="[948,1080,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
near Duaringa in central QLD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA33BFF998581EBAA38CDFE68" box="[159,246,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,1322,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[221,1366,1314,1832]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Ratio of tibia III width and basitarsus III width in workers in a large sympatic population of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph and A. cassiae near Duaringa, QLD. Data points are averages from two workers per colony. Labelled data points are nests for which the species identification was confirmed in the molecular analysis of Halcroft et al. (2015). Names given in brackets in the legend are groups in our Halcroft et al. (2015) preliminary analysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290036/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, as reported above, workers in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998635EBAA3B9BFE68" box="[811,928,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998635EBAA3B9BFE68" box="[811,928,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies in southern QLD displayed mixed characteristics in colouration, pilosity and structure. Some of these colonies had been transported into an area predominantly populated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF9984FEEBE23A58FE31" box="[480,611,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF9984FEEBE23A58FE31" box="[480,611,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and maintained there for some time prior to being sampled.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA33BFF998001EBE238DAFDDC" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refString="Brito, R. M., Francisco, F. O., Ho, S. Y. W. & Oldroyd, B. P. (2014) Genetic architecture of the Tetragonula carbonaria species complex of Australian stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, 149 - 161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12292" type="journal article">
|
||
Brito
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF99807CEBE33DA7FE31" box="[1378,1436,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported some artificial hybridisation between closely related Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998132EBC13C8FFDDC" box="[1068,1204,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Tetragonula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998132EBC13C8FFDDC" box="[1068,1204,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tetragonula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, which may have been facilitated by anthropogenic colony movements. Such mechanisms may also be contributing to the mixed characteristics observed in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998748E8763AF3FDA4" box="[598,712,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998748E8763AF3FDA4" box="[598,712,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies in southern QLD.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF096643A33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00" ID-Table-UUID="DF096643A33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF096643A33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[159,1419,736,1987]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA33BFF998589E8B33AAEFD00" blockId="58.[151,1435,653,708]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998589E8B33936FD60" bold="true" box="[151,269,653,676]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Structural dimensions from workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF9987CCE8B33B79FD60" box="[722,834,653,676]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF9987CCE8B33B79FD60" box="[722,834,653,676]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998661E8B33BD1FD60" box="[895,1002,653,676]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998661E8B33BD1FD60" box="[895,1002,653,676]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF9986EBE8B33C74FD60" bold="true" box="[1013,1103,653,676]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A2A33BFF9986EBE8B33C74FD60" box="[1013,1103,653,676]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements in mm. A "–" indicates that measurements were not available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA33BFF998581E96F3D58F807" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<table id="F976C46BA33B005C8581E8DE3DB0F807" box="[159,1419,736,1987]" gridcols="6" gridrows="10" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581E8DE3DB0FC54" box="[159,1419,736,912]" gridrow="0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581E8DE38E6FC54" box="[159,221,736,912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">VAR* 1</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8413E8DE3941FC54" box="[269,378,736,912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998413E8DF3941FCDB" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998413E8DF394FFD32" box="[269,372,737,758]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">A. cassiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998413E934394DFCDB" box="[269,374,778,799]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">A. cassiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype 4.56
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5E8DE3A22FC54" box="[443,537,736,912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF9984A5E9343A2CFCDB" box="[443,535,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF9984A5E9343A28FCDB" box="[443,531,778,799]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">A. symei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype 4.10
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C874DE8DE3B39FC54" box="[595,770,736,912]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Other workers Mean SD 3.84 0.21</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8670E8DE3C64FC54" box="[878,1119,736,912]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33BFF998670E8DF3BF4FD32" box="[878,975,737,758]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF998670E8DF3BF4FD32" box="[878,975,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A. magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF9986CBE8DE3C1DFD32" bold="true" box="[981,1062,736,758]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A2A33BFF9986CBE8DE3C1DFD32" box="[981,1062,736,758]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype Paratype 4.01 4.01
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8180E8DE3DB0FC54" box="[1182,1419,736,912]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Other workers Mean (N) SD 4.13 0.23</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581E99A3DB0FBC8" box="[159,1419,932,1036]" gridrow="1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581E99A38E6FBC8" box="[159,221,932,1036]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">2 3 4</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8413E99A3941FBC8" box="[269,378,932,1036]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">1.90 1.60 1.24</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5E99A3A22FBC8" box="[443,537,932,1036]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">– 1.46 1.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C874DE99A3B39FBC8" box="[595,770,932,1036]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">1.85 0.08 1.52 0.06 1.22 0.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8670E99A3C64FBC8" box="[878,1119,932,1036]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">1.78 1.81 1.49 1.51 1.18 1.21</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8180E99A3DB0FBC8" box="[1182,1419,932,1036]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">1.81 0.02 1.50 0.03 1.20 0.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581EE1E3DB0FB4C" box="[159,1419,1056,1160]" gridrow="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581EE1E38E6FB4C" box="[159,221,1056,1160]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">5 6 7</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8413EE1E3941FB4C" box="[269,378,1056,1160]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">1.20 1.30 1.04</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5EE1E3A22FB4C" box="[443,537,1056,1160]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">1.10 1.22 0.96</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C874DEE1E3B39FB4C" box="[595,770,1056,1160]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">1.17 0.05 1.27 0.05 1.01 0.05</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8670EE1E3C64FB4C" box="[878,1119,1056,1160]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">1.15 1.16 1.24 1.25 0.99 0.99</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8180EE1E3DB0FB4C" box="[1182,1419,1056,1160]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">1.14 0.04 1.24 0.02 0.99 0.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581EEA23DB0FAC0" box="[159,1419,1180,1284]" gridrow="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581EEA238E6FAC0" box="[159,221,1180,1284]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">8 9 10</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8413EEA23941FAC0" box="[269,378,1180,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.17 0.42 0.26</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5EEA23A22FAC0" box="[443,537,1180,1284]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.15 0.44 0.22</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C874DEEA23B39FAC0" box="[595,770,1180,1284]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.16 0.01 0.42 0.02 0.27 0.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8670EEA23C64FAC0" box="[878,1119,1180,1284]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.18 0.18 0.42 0.43 0.23 0.23</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8180EEA23DB0FAC0" box="[1182,1419,1180,1284]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.17 0.01 0.42 0.02 0.25 0.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581EF263DB0FA44" box="[159,1419,1304,1408]" gridrow="4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581EF2638E6FA44" box="[159,221,1304,1408]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">11 12 13</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8413EF263941FA44" box="[269,378,1304,1408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.23 0.81 0.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5EF263A22FA44" box="[443,537,1304,1408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.20 0.76 0.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C874DEF263B39FA44" box="[595,770,1304,1408]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.20 0.01 0.77 0.04 0.17 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8670EF263C64FA44" box="[878,1119,1304,1408]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.23 0.24 0.76 0.77 0.16 0.18</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8180EF263DB0FA44" box="[1182,1419,1304,1408]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.22 0.01 0.75 0.02 0.17 0.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581EFAA3DB0FA38" box="[159,1419,1428,1532]" gridrow="5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581EFAA38E6FA38" box="[159,221,1428,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">14 15 16</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8413EFAA3941FA38" box="[269,378,1428,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.38 0.75 1.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5EFAA3A22FA38" box="[443,537,1428,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.40 0.76 0.94</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C874DEFAA3B39FA38" box="[595,770,1428,1532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.39 0.02 0.78 0.04 0.97 0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8670EFAA3C64FA38" box="[878,1119,1428,1532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.40 0.39 0.78 – 0.95 0.96</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8180EFAA3DB0FA38" box="[1182,1419,1428,1532]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.41 0.01 0.78 0.02 0.95 0.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581EC2E3DB0F9BC" box="[159,1419,1552,1656]" gridrow="6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581EC2E38E6F9BC" box="[159,221,1552,1656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">17 18 19</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8413EC2E3941F9BC" box="[269,378,1552,1656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.10 0.32 –</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5EC2E3A22F9BC" box="[443,537,1552,1656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.10 0.26 –</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C874DEC2E3B39F9BC" box="[595,770,1552,1656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.07 0.02 0.31 0.03 1.26 0.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8670EC2E3C64F9BC" box="[878,1119,1552,1656]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.05 0.05 0.30 0.32 1.20 –</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8180EC2E3DB0F9BC" box="[1182,1419,1552,1656]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.05 0.01 0.30 0.02 1.22 (11) 0.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581ECB23DB0F930" box="[159,1419,1676,1780]" gridrow="7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581ECB238E6F930" box="[159,221,1676,1780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">20 21 22</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8413ECB23941F930" box="[269,378,1676,1780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.64 0.11 0.16</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5ECB23A22F930" box="[443,537,1676,1780]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.61 0.11 0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C874DECB23B39F930" box="[595,770,1676,1780]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.62 0.03 0.12 0.01 0.14 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8670ECB23C64F930" box="[878,1119,1676,1780]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.61 0.61 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8180ECB23DB0F930" box="[1182,1419,1676,1780]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.61 0.02 0.12 0.01 0.15 0.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581ED363DB0F8B4" box="[159,1419,1800,1904]" gridrow="8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581ED3638E6F8B4" box="[159,221,1800,1904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">23 24 25</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8413ED363941F8B4" box="[269,378,1800,1904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.13 0.15 –</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5ED363A22F8B4" box="[443,537,1800,1904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.09 0.14 –</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C874DED363B39F8B4" box="[595,770,1800,1904]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.11 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.11 0.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8670ED363C64F8B4" box="[878,1119,1800,1904]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.11 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.11</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8180ED363DB0F8B4" box="[1182,1419,1800,1904]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.12 0.01 0.16 0.01 0.11 0.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33B005C8581EDBA3DB0F807" box="[159,1419,1924,1987]" gridrow="9" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33B005C8581EDBA38E6F807" box="[159,221,1924,1987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">26 27</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8413EDBA3941F807" box="[269,378,1924,1987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">– 0.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C84A5EDBA3A22F807" box="[443,537,1924,1987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">– 0.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C874DEDBA3B39F807" box="[595,770,1924,1987]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.15 0.01 0.12 0.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8670EDBA3C64F807" box="[878,1119,1924,1987]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.14 0.14 0.11 0.11</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33B005C8180EDBA3DB0F807" box="[1182,1419,1924,1987]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">0.14 0.01 0.12 0.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA33BFF98814AEDE839CDFC2B" blockId="58.[1108,1419,2006,2029]" lastBlockId="59.[151,1436,984,1071]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33BFF99814AEDE83DB0F829" box="[1108,1419,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33AFF988589E9E63923FC2B" bold="true" box="[151,280,984,1007]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">*Variables:</emphasis>
|
||
As given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40370A33AFF9884BEE9E639C9FC2B" box="[416,498,984,1007]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="28.[151,239,1229,1252]" captionText="TABLE 2. Structural dimensions from workers of A. cincta and A. essingtoni. Measurements in mm. A " – " indicates that measurements were not available." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF096643A33AFF988581EA9E39B7FF72" ID-Table-UUID="DF096643A33AFF988581EA9E39B7FF72" box="[159,396,160,182]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF096643A33AFF988581EA9E39B7FF72" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[159,1379,201,956]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="59">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA33AFF988581EA9E39B7FF72" blockId="59.[159,396,160,182]" box="[159,396,160,182]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33AFF988581EA9E3937FF72" bold="true" box="[159,268,160,182]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA33AFF988581EB043D58FC78" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<table id="F976C46BA33A005C8581EAF73D58FC78" box="[159,1379,201,956]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33A005C8581EAF73D58FE94" box="[159,1379,201,336]" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C8581EAF738E6FE94" box="[159,221,201,336]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">VAR*</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C8413EAF73941FE94" box="[269,378,201,336]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33AFF988413EAF43941FECC" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33AFF988413EAF4394FFF1B" box="[269,372,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">A. cassiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33AFF988413EACD394DFECC" box="[269,374,243,264]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">A. cassiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C84A5EAF73A22FE94" box="[443,537,201,336]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33AFF9884A5EACD3A2CFECC" box="[443,535,243,264]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33AFF9884A5EACD3A28FECC" box="[443,531,243,264]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="symei">A. symei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C874DEAF73B39FE94" box="[595,770,201,336]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Other workers Mean SD</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C8670EAF73C64FE94" box="[878,1119,201,336]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33AFF988670EAF43BF4FF1B" box="[878,975,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33AFF988670EAF43BF4FF1B" box="[878,975,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33AFF9886CBEAF73C1EFF1B" bold="true" box="[981,1061,201,223]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A2A33AFF9886CBEAF73C1EFF1B" box="[981,1061,201,223]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype Paratype
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C8180EAF73D58FE94" box="[1182,1379,201,336]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Other workers Mean (N) SD</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33A005C8581EB5A3D58FE08" box="[159,1379,356,460]" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C8581EB5A38E6FE08" box="[159,221,356,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">28 29 30</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8413EB5A3941FE08" box="[269,378,356,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.13 1.18 1.36</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C84A5EB5A3A22FE08" box="[443,537,356,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.12 0.98 1.26</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C874DEB5A3B39FE08" box="[595,770,356,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.14 0.01 1.13 0.06 1.34 0.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8670EB5A3C64FE08" box="[878,1119,356,460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.14 0.14 1.15 1.17 1.33 1.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8180EB5A3D58FE08" box="[1182,1379,356,460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.14 0.01 1.19 0.04 1.36 0.03</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33A005C8581EBDE3D58FD8C" box="[159,1379,480,584]" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C8581EBDE38E6FD8C" box="[159,221,480,584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">31 32 33</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8413EBDE3941FD8C" box="[269,378,480,584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.34 1.06 3.85</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C84A5EBDE3A22FD8C" box="[443,537,480,584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.34 0.92 3.65</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C874DEBDE3B39FD8C" box="[595,770,480,584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.35 0.02 0.83 0.05 3.77 0.16</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8670EBDE3C64FD8C" box="[878,1119,480,584]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.32 0.32 0.80 0.80 3.57 3.66</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8180EBDE3D58FD8C" box="[1182,1379,480,584]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.34 0.02 0.85 0.04 3.71 0.05</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33A005C8581E8623D58FD00" box="[159,1379,604,708]" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C8581E86238E6FD00" box="[159,221,604,708]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">34 35 36</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8413E8623941FD00" box="[269,378,604,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.35 1.57 –</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C84A5E8623A22FD00" box="[443,537,604,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.05 – –</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C874DE8623B39FD00" box="[595,770,604,708]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.33 0.21 1.51 0.06 1.04 0.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8670E8623C64FD00" box="[878,1119,604,708]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.01 4.14 1.49 1.51 1.09 1.11</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8180E8623D58FD00" box="[1182,1379,604,708]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.29 0.10 1.52 0.03 1.07 0.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33A005C8581E8E63D58FC84" box="[159,1379,728,832]" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C8581E8E638E6FC84" box="[159,221,728,832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">37 38 39</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8413E8E63941FC84" box="[269,378,728,832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.58 0.88 –</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C84A5E8E63A22FC84" box="[443,537,728,832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">– – –</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C874DE8E63B39FC84" box="[595,770,728,832]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.55 0.02 0.84 0.06 5.69 0.48</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8670E8E63C64FC84" box="[878,1119,728,832]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.52 0.52 0.76 0.80 6 6</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8180E8E63D58FC84" box="[1182,1379,728,832]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">0.54 0.02 0.83 0.02 5.42 0.51</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35463489A33A005C8581E96A3D58FC78" box="[159,1379,852,956]" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<th id="76975DF5A33A005C8581E96A38E6FC78" box="[159,221,852,956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">40 41 42</th>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8413E96A3941FC78" box="[269,378,852,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.40 0.52 0.41</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C84A5E96A3A22FC78" box="[443,537,852,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.30 0.56 0.43</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C874DE96A3B39FC78" box="[595,770,852,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.40 0.07 0.56 0.03 0.41 0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8670E96A3C64FC78" box="[878,1119,852,956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.33 – 0.56 0.57 0.42 0.42</td>
|
||
<td id="76975DF5A33A005C8180E96A3D58FC78" box="[1182,1379,852,956]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1.37 0.04 0.56 0.01 0.43 0.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA33AFF9885D9E9C63D41FBEB" blockId="59.[151,1436,984,1071]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Other than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8869A33AFF988472E9C6399CFBCB" box="[364,423,1016,1039]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, the following worker specimens were measured.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33AFF9886D5E9C93C02FBCB" box="[971,1081,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33AFF9886D5E9C93C02FBCB" box="[971,1081,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, N=16, from nests C37 (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA33AFF988052E9C63D51FBCB" box="[1356,1386,1016,1039]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4x</date>
|
||
), F6 (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA33AFF988581EE263886FBEB" box="[159,189,1048,1071]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4x</date>
|
||
), M19 (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA33AFF98840CEE26390BFBEB" box="[274,304,1048,1071]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4x</date>
|
||
), Q32 (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA33AFF98849EEE2639A5FBEB" box="[384,414,1048,1071]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4x</date>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A33AFF9884ACEE293A23FBEB" box="[434,536,1047,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A33AFF9884ACEE293A23FBEB" box="[434,536,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, N=12 unless otherwise stated, from nests N1 (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA33AFF98810CEE263C14FBEB" box="[1042,1071,1048,1071]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4x</date>
|
||
), N8 (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA33AFF98816CEE263CABFBEB" box="[1138,1168,1048,1071]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4x</date>
|
||
), D65 (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA33AFF9881FFEE263CC5FBEB" box="[1249,1278,1048,1071]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2x</date>
|
||
), D66 (
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA33AFF988051EE263D56FBEB" box="[1359,1389,1048,1071]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2x</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |