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<document id="F189B232764DCCEAD002356E80A4AA66" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627005272297" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Published, First" docDate="2008" docId="03DF87D2FFDBAB4D9EC81567479A3AC7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01804p456part1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1804" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Corethrella (Corethrella) brunnea Borkent 2008, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFE6FFAAFFECAB759E5F1025465D3823" masterDocTitle="The Frog-Biting Midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1699014769975" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="22C3B4DA7D2E7FDCD45E17E15C92F7C0">The Frog-Biting Midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9F8A71CA3A59E02E4FDD554ED14E4856">
<mods:date id="8A6689C54FF3BBCC6AB00EAC805A22B3">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E14FAA653617D3B2D7E70DB3547722F3" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F2647771902BB72926DF8B46592AFB2A">2008-06-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5FFEAC5051823A1A1AA770D47C7A9E85">1804</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1C32F89DEE1DE4439E95BE27E002A28F" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DF87D2FFDBAB4D9EC81567479A3AC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5126346" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5126346" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87D2FFDBAB4D9EC81567479A3AC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87D2FFDBAB4D9EC81567479A3AC7" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<subSubSection id="C36C654FFFDBAB429EC81567451D3D7F" box="[151,832,1346,1372]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FFDBAB429EC81567451D3D7F" blockId="55.[151,832,1346,1372]" box="[151,832,1346,1372]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D08181A8FFDBAB429EC81567451D3D7F" bold="true" box="[151,832,1346,1372]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429EC81567451D3D7F" bold="true" box="[151,832,1346,1372]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FFDBAB429EC8156744F93D7F" ID-CoL="8BL56" authority="Borkent" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,676,1346,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Corethrella">
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429EC81567477C3D7F" bold="true" box="[151,289,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Corethrella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429F6D156747E13D7F" bold="true" box="[306,444,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Corethrella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429F91156744683D7F" bold="true" box="[462,565,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">brunnea</emphasis>
Borkent
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157ADFFDBAB429CEE1567451D3D7F" box="[689,832,1346,1372]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C654FFFDBAB429EC815A543303DC9" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FFDBAB429EC815A543303DC9" blockId="55.[151,1437,1408,2036]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
DIAGNOSIS:
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429F1415A547963DBA" box="[331,459,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Male adult</emphasis>
: unknown.
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429C0215A544A53DBA" box="[605,760,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Female adult</emphasis>
: only extant species of
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FFDBAB429A5115A542C83DBA" box="[1038,1173,1408,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429A5115A542C83DBA" box="[1038,1173,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Corethrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Old World with about 23 setae on the clypeus, a plain wing (no pattern) (Fig. 66I), wing with well-developed scales on all the wing veins (as in Fig. 73D), an entirely dark brown thorax (
<figureCitation id="134D2A41FFDBAB429D0D15F545E03DC9" box="[850,957,1488,1514]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="345.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,210,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-24@345.[177,1411,197,1921]" captionTargetPageId="345" captionText="FIGURE 39. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
), and halter as dark as the scutellum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C654FFFDBAB4D9E9915DD478E3971" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FFDBAB4D9E9915DD47833909" blockId="55.[151,1437,1408,2036]" lastBlockId="56.[151,1437,152,740]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
DESCRIPTION:
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429FC115DD447D3E32" box="[414,544,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Male adult</emphasis>
. Unknown.
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429C9F15DD45033E32" box="[704,862,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Female adult</emphasis>
: Descriptive statistics: see
<tableCitation id="C6F4037FFFDBAB429AF815DD43673E31" box="[1191,1338,1528,1554]" captionStart-0="TABLE 6" captionStart-1="TABLE 7" captionStart-2="TABLE 8" captionStart-3="TABLE 9" captionStart-4="TABLE 10" captionStart-5="TABLE 11" captionStartId-0="277.[151,241,153,177]" captionStartId-1="280.[151,241,153,177]" captionStartId-2="283.[151,241,153,177]" captionStartId-3="286.[151,241,151,175]" captionStartId-4="289.[151,239,153,177]" captionStartId-5="292.[151,241,153,177]" captionText-0="TABLE 6. Length of wing of females of species of Corethrella. Values are in mm." captionText-1="TABLE 7. Ratio of length of R1/wing length of females of species of Corethrella." captionText-2="TABLE 8. Ratio of head capsule width/height of females of species of Corethrella." captionText-3="TABLE 9. Number of setae on the clypeus of females of species of Corethrella. The number does not include those" captionText-4="TABLE 10. Number of posterior anepisternal setae of females of species of Corethrella." captionText-5="TABLE 11. Number of anepimeral setae of females of species of Corethrella." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Tables 611</tableCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429B0E15D243C93E32" bold="true" box="[1361,1428,1527,1553]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Head</emphasis>
: Outline in anterior view uncertain. Coronal suture uncertain (poorly positioned on microscope slide). Two large setae on frons between ventromedial area of ommatida (as in
<figureCitation id="134D2A41FFDBAB429DE7166D42793E41" box="[952,1060,1608,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="322.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,349,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-31@322.[177,1411,197,1921]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 16. Dorsal portion of head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
). Antenna dark brown; pedicel without distinctive, more elongate, stout, dorsal or dorsolateral setae; flagellomeres as in
<figureCitation id="134D2A41FFDBAB429A95165543683EA9" box="[1226,1333,1648,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="332.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[177,1396,238,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-25@332.[177,1411,197,1921]" captionTargetPageId="332" captionText="FIGURE 26. Antennae of female Corethrella." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
, sensilla coeloconica distributed as in
<tableCitation id="C6F4037FFFDBAB429FB316BD441F3E91" box="[492,578,1688,1714]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="265.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Pattern of sensilla coeloconica (= s.c.) on antennal flagellomeres of species of Corethrella. Numbers refer to the flagellomere with sensilla coeloconica, with those in brackets referring to flagellomeres with or without sensilla coeloconica. Mis. (missing) refers to damaged specimens, unknown refers to missing stages, uncertain refers to specimens in which visibility was too poor to be certain of whether sensilla coeloconica were present or not. Those species names with a “†” are those of fossils. Corethrella librata, known only as immature stages, is not included." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Table 1</tableCitation>
; flagellomere 13 with well-developed apical bifurcation. Clypeus squarish (not clearly visible). Mandible with large, triangular teeth. Palpus (
<figureCitation id="134D2A41FFDBAB429D8A16E5426E3EF9" box="[981,1075,1728,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="339.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[238,1365,197,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-21@339.[177,1411,197,1921]" captionTargetPageId="339" captionText="FIGURE 33. Right palpi of female Corethrella." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 33I</figureCitation>
) dark brown; segment 3 somewhat ovoid, swollen beyond midlength.
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429C2416C244853F22" bold="true" box="[635,728,1767,1793]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A41FFDBAB429CB616CD450B3F21" box="[745,854,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="345.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,210,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-24@345.[177,1411,197,1921]" captionTargetPageId="345" captionText="FIGURE 39. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
): dark brown, pale sclerites around base of wing. Posterior portion of dorsocentral row with 2 elongate setae situated somewhat lateral to one another. Prescutal suture elongate, thick, uninterrupted, extending to near dorsocentral row of setae. Anterior anepisternum divided diagonally by sinuous suture, dorsal portion about equal to ventral portion. Ventral portion of posterior anepisternum triangular, uniformly brown, with anterodorsal margin not thick.
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429A3317A242ED3F82" bold="true" box="[1132,1200,1927,1953]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Wing</emphasis>
(Fig. 66I): Apex of R
<subScript id="17F23481FFDBAB429EF517E546EF3FED" attach="left" box="[170,178,1984,1998]" fontSize="6" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">2</subScript>
equal to apex of M
<subScript id="17F23481FFDBAB429FC217E547F83FED" attach="left" box="[413,421,1984,1998]" fontSize="6" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">1</subScript>
. Plain, without pattern of pigmented veins and/or scales; veins (other than costa and wing margin) with well-developed scales. Halter as dark as scutellum.
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFDBAB429A5317FF421B3FD7" bold="true" box="[1036,1094,2010,2036]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A41FFDBAB429A0517FF42973FD7" box="[1114,1226,2010,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="345.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,210,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-24@345.[177,1411,197,1921]" captionTargetPageId="345" captionText="FIGURE 39. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 39B</figureCitation>
): Uniformly dark brown. With only slender setae, lacking scales (except for some in patch of whip-like setae on posterior portion of hind tibia). Midleg with thick, subapical setae on each of at least tarsomeres 13. Claws of each leg equal to those of others; equal on each leg, simple (without inner teeth). Empodia thick.
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFD4AB4D9A8A10C243123922" bold="true" box="[1237,1359,231,257]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Dark brown. Cercus dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FFD4AB4D9E99111D478E3971" blockId="56.[151,1437,152,740]" box="[198,467,312,338]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFD4AB4D9E99111D471F3972" box="[198,322,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Immatures</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C654FFFD4AB4D9E99114544693A39" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FFD4AB4D9E991145475C39E9" blockId="56.[151,1437,152,740]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation id="3B1E3C99FFD4AB4D9E99114546A039E9" country="Malaysia" elevation="20" location="Sarawak" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="20" typeStatus="holotype">
DISTRIBUTION AND BIONOMICS:
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FFD4AB4D9CC0114545D3395A" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2008" box="[671,910,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFD4AB4D9CC0114545D3395A" box="[671,910,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Corethrella brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the type locality in
<collectingCountry id="F3617654FFD4AB4D9B6F114543C53959" box="[1328,1432,352,378]" name="Malaysia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3617654FFD4AB4D9EC811AD475F3981" box="[151,258,392,418]" name="Malaysia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(Fig. 116A) at an altitude of about
<specimenCount id="9D70FD4DFFD4AB4D9CC211AD44BD3981" box="[669,736,392,418]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C8E9B21FFD4AB4D9CC211AD44863981" box="[669,731,392,418]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="005BD1F7FFD4AB4D9CC211AD44863981" box="[669,731,392,418]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
The single
<typeStatus id="54CD8866FFD4AB4D9D3011AD458B3981" box="[879,982,392,418]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected with a
<collectingMethod id="52374ED3FFD4AB4D9A8F11AD433C3981" box="[1232,1377,392,418]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
over a stream
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FFD4AB4D9E9911FD44693A39" blockId="56.[151,1437,152,740]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: The
<typeStatus id="54CD8866FFD4AB4D9C2C11FD448439D1" box="[627,729,472,498]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is uncleared and undissected on a microscope slide, so that some features could not be studied.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C654FFFD4AB4D9E99120D479A3AC7" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FFD4AB4D9E99120D44CE3AB7" blockId="56.[151,1437,152,740]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation id="3B1E3C99FFD4AB4D9E99120D44CE3AB7" collectingDate="1976-11-15" collectingDateMax="1976-11-19" collectingDateMin="1976-11-15" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="P. S. Cranston" country="Malaysia" latitude="1.4166666" location="Sarawak" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="110.28333" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
TYPE:
<typeStatus id="54CD8866FFD4AB4D9F65120D47F73A61" box="[314,426,552,578]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, female adult on microscope slide, labeled &quot;
<typeStatus id="54CD8866FFD4AB4D9DAD120D42CC3A61" box="[1010,1169,552,578]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FFD4AB4D9AFD120D46A63A4F" authority="Borkent" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFD4AB4D9AFD120D43C63A62" box="[1186,1435,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Corethrella brunnea</emphasis>
Borkent
</taxonomicName>
”, “
<collectingCountry id="F3617654FFD4AB4D9F40127747D63A4F" box="[287,395,594,620]" name="Malaysia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
: 1
<superScript id="7C039B8CFFD4AB4D9FF6127547E93A7D" attach="left" box="[425,436,592,606]" fontSize="6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">st</superScript>
Div., Semongoh For. Res.,
<geoCoordinate id="EE425003FFD4AB4D9D52127745373A4F" box="[781,874,594,620]" degrees="1" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="925" value="1.4166666">1 25' N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE425003FFD4AB4D9D29127745BE3A4F" box="[886,995,594,620]" degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" precision="925" value="110.28333">110 17'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFC81004FFD4AB4D9DAB127742C73A4F" box="[1012,1178,594,620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1976-11-15" valueMax="1976-11-19" valueMin="1976-11-15">
<collectingDate id="EF8CE9ECFFD4AB4D9DAB127742C73A4F" box="[1012,1178,594,620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1976-11-15" valueMax="1976-11-19" valueMin="1976-11-15">15-19.xi.1976</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26835312FFD4AB4D9AF41277430D3A4F" box="[1195,1360,594,620]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P.S. Cranston</collectorName>
, B.M. 1977-19”, “malaise over stream” (
<collectionCode id="ED67AE01FFD4AB4D9C77125F44DA3AB7" box="[552,647,634,660]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FFD4AB4D9E991287479A3AC7" blockId="56.[151,1437,152,740]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
DERIVATION OF SPECIFIC EPITHET: The name
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FFD4AB4D9D60128645FD3A9F" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2008" box="[831,928,675,700]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FFD4AB4D9D60128645FD3A9F" box="[831,928,675,700]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(brown) refers to the overall coloration of the female of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>