251 lines
29 KiB
XML
251 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2830D2C16AEA925D57A791E3C8F62B2F">The Frog-Biting Midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="BF5BDFC0F2B02C9E869A5091476889E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8A3E63D1F323B67A675FBBC2A120BA8D">
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<mods:date id="48C7ACD622A785B5381FF22168478FD4">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E03891CE4CE82F1F0CC293E5A7CB9FA0">2008-06-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="15D2FEF658F588774ECED3D2333C6565" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="016808ACC5C91D82CFAAAABFCFE44CB4">1804</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7045D02357A0471AAB425842391A6D24" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DF87D2FF2AABB29EC8143742A93D31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5126431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5126431" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87D2FF2AABB29EC8143742A93D31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87D2FF2AABB29EC8143742A93D31" lastPageId="199" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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<subSubSection id="C36C654FFF2AABB39EC8143745563C0F" box="[151,779,1042,1068]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2AABB39EC8143745563C0F" blockId="198.[151,779,1042,1068]" box="[151,779,1042,1068]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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<heading id="D08181A8FF2AABB39EC8143745563C0F" bold="true" box="[151,779,1042,1068]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2AABB39EC8143745563C0F" ID-CoL="8BL7X" authority="Szadziewski" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,779,1042,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea" subGenus="Fossicorethrella">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39EC8143745563C0F" bold="true" box="[151,779,1042,1068]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39EC81437477C3C0F" bold="true" box="[151,289,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Corethrella</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39F6D143747AA3C0F" bold="true" box="[306,503,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Fossicorethrella</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39C57143744313C0F" bold="true" box="[520,620,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">cretacea</emphasis>
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Szadziewski
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C654FFF2AABB39EC81478423B3C57" box="[151,1126,1117,1140]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2AABB39EC81478423B3C57" blockId="198.[151,1126,1117,1140]" box="[151,1126,1117,1140]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6611EAFF2AABB39EC81478423B3C57" box="[151,1126,1117,1140]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710D5FF2AABB39EC8147844303C57" author="Szadziewski, R." box="[151,621,1117,1140]" page="178" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" year="1995">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2AABB39EC8147844303C57" ID-CoL="8BL7X" authority="Szadziewski 1995: 178" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityPageNumber="178" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,621,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39EC81478472E3C57" box="[151,371,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Corethrella cretacea</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B1E3C99FF2AABB39F26147844303C57" box="[377,621,1117,1140]" collectionCode="STNS" country="Lebanon" location="Lebanon" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B35FF2AABB39F26147844303C57" author="Szadziewski, R." box="[377,621,1117,1140]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref243090" refString="Szadziewski, R. (1995) The oldest fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebaneseamber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 38, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1995">Szadziewski 1995:178</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Type-locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F3617654FF2AABB39D45147845263C57" box="[794,891,1117,1140]" name="Lebanon" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54CD8866FF2AABB39DD4147845B33C57" box="[907,1006,1117,1140]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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ď (STNS).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C654FFF2AABB39EC8148044F63CC4" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2AABB39EC8148044F63CC4" blockId="198.[151,1437,1189,2015]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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DIAGNOSIS:
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39F14148047973C9D" box="[331,458,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Male adult</emphasis>
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: only extant or fossil species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2AABB39D1B148045963C9D" box="[836,971,1189,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39D1B148045963C9D" box="[836,971,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Corethrella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with base of fifth tarsomere of each leg swollen (Fig. 75A).
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39FD414E8447B3CC5" box="[395,550,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Female adult</emphasis>
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: unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C654FFF2AABB39E9914D044F53FFC" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2AABB39E9914D0440B3F94" blockId="198.[151,1437,1189,2015]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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DESCRIPTION:
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39FC614D044443D2D" box="[409,537,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Male adult</emphasis>
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. Habitus as in Fig. 112B. Descriptive statistics: see
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<tableCitation id="C6F4037FFF2AABB39A2014D0435F3D2C" box="[1151,1282,1269,1295]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStart-2="TABLE 4" captionStart-3="TABLE 5" captionStartId-0="269.[151,241,151,175]" captionStartId-1="271.[151,241,153,177]" captionStartId-2="273.[151,241,151,175]" captionStartId-3="275.[151,241,151,175]" captionText-0="TABLE 2. Length of wing of males of species of Corethrella. Values are in mm." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Ratio of foreleg tarsomeres 3/4 of males of species of Corethrella." captionText-2="TABLE 4. Ratio of distance of dorsomedial seta from the gonocoxite base/length of the gonocoxite of males of species" captionText-3="TABLE 5. Ratio of distance of subbasal seta from the gonostylus base/ length of the gonostylus of males of species of Corethrella." pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Tables 2–5</tableCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39B4B14D0430A3D2C" bold="true" box="[1300,1367,1269,1295]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Head</emphasis>
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: Outline in anterior view uncertain. Number of large setae on frons between ventromedial area of ommatida uncertain. Antenna: pedicel without more elongate, stout, dorsal or dorsolateral setae; flagellomeres as in
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<figureCitation id="134D2A41FF2AABB39B31156046FB3DA4" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="307.[151,255,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,195,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-65@307.[177,1411,195,1919]" captionTargetPageId="307" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Author checking frog-call trap with brief use of light, in Costa Rica. B. Frog-call trap showing CDC trap position in front of cassette speaker. C. Female adult C. wirthi approaching calling male of Hyla avivoca in Georgia, USA. (A, B, taken by Mathias Jaschhof; C, taken by Sturgis McKeever)." pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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Fig.
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<quantity id="4C8E9B21FF2AABB39EC8154846FB3DA4" box="[151,166,1389,1415]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B35FF2AABB39E93154847E53DA4" author="Szadziewski, R." box="[204,440,1389,1415]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref243090" refString="Szadziewski, R. (1995) The oldest fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebaneseamber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 38, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1995">Szadziewski (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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||
; sensilla coeloconica not visible; flagellomere 13 rounded apically. Clypeus, palpus not visible.
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39F7715B047D83D8C" bold="true" box="[296,389,1429,1455]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Thorax</emphasis>
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||
: Posterior portion of dorsocentral row with 2 elongate setae situated somewhat lateral to one another. Prescutal suture uncertain. Anterior anepisternum large, likely divided diagonally but uncertain. Shape of posterior anepisternum uncertain. Posterior anepisternum, anepimeron each with one setal socket.
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39EC8162846863E04" bold="true" box="[151,219,1549,1575]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Wing</emphasis>
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||
: Only bases present. Basal veins denuded of setae and/or scales.
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39DB5162842783E04" bold="true" box="[1002,1061,1549,1575]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Legs</emphasis>
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: Mostly denuded of setae, with patch of whip-like setae on posterior portion of hind tibia. Midleg without thick, subapical setae on each of tarsomeres 1–3. Apices of fore-, midleg fifth tarsomeres undivided, with claws slightly subapical to apical (Fig. 75A). Midleg femur slightly thicker than that of hind leg, possibly equal to that of foreleg (some distortion present). Midleg tibia with well-developed apical spur. Claws of each leg equally elongate. Each claw with inner tooth. Anterior claw of each of foreleg, midleg with a basal prong. Foreleg third tarsomere longer than fourth tarsomere. Empodia slender.
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39CD116D8455F3F34" bold="true" box="[654,770,1789,1815]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134D2A41FF2AABB39D4C16D845073F34" box="[787,858,1789,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="314.[151,255,1947,1971]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,267,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-28@314.[177,1411,197,1921]" captionTargetPageId="314" captionText="FIGURE 8. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view." pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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Fig.
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<quantity id="4C8E9B21FF2AABB39D1416D845073F34" box="[843,858,1789,1815]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" unit="in" value="8.0">8</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B35FF2AABB39DDC16D842033F34" author="Szadziewski, R." box="[899,1118,1789,1815]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref243090" refString="Szadziewski, R. (1995) The oldest fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebaneseamber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 38, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1995">Szadziewski 1995</bibRefCitation>
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): Gonocoxite gently tapering; anteromedial area with spicules similar in length to those elsewhere on gonocoxite; without well-defined dorsal row of setae. With 3 stout dorsomedial setae grouped near apex of gonocoxite, all tapering from base. Gonostylus (in extended position) curved, thick, expanded to rounded apex; subbasal seta uncertain; with thick apical peg. Aedeagus uncertain.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2AABB39E9917E044F53FFC" blockId="198.[151,1437,1189,2015]" box="[198,680,1989,2015]" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2AABB39E9917E0444A3FFD" box="[198,535,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="198" pageNumber="199">Female adult and immatures</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C654FFF2BABB29E9910BD451D3C69" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2BABB29E9910BD45B43959" blockId="199.[151,1437,152,1298]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">
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DISTRIBUTION AND BIONOMICS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29CFA10BD45C43892" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityYear="1995" box="[677,921,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29CFA10BD45C43892" box="[677,921,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella cretacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known only from Lebanese amber (Fig. 139), dated at 121 million years old. The foreleg tarsomeres of a second male are lying anterolaterally of the
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<typeStatus id="54CD8866FF2BABB29EC810CD46A33921" box="[151,254,232,258]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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thorax and are indistinguishable from that of the
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<typeStatus id="54CD8866FF2BABB29D1C10CD45F73921" box="[835,938,232,258]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and likely that of another
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29ABF10CD468B390A" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29ABF10CD468B390A" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella cretacea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. The presence of
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<specimenCount id="9D70FD4DFF2BABB29FEB113544713909" box="[436,556,272,298]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
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in close proximity of one another in a single piece of amber suggests that this species formed swarms. There is another separate portion of a leg posterior to the
|
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<typeStatus id="54CD8866FF2BABB29A9A111D43763971" box="[1221,1323,312,338]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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which is likely tarsomeres 1–3 of a
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29F9111454409395A" box="[462,596,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29F9111454409395A" box="[462,596,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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, but its exact identity is uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2BABB29E9911AD44C83A39" blockId="199.[151,1437,152,1298]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">
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TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: This species was well described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B35FF2BABB29A4B11AD435F3981" author="Szadziewski, R." box="[1044,1282,392,418]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref243090" refString="Szadziewski, R. (1995) The oldest fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebaneseamber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 38, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1995">Szadziewski (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but a better understanding of the variation among fossil and extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29DEC1195426639EA" box="[947,1083,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29DEC1195426639EA" box="[947,1083,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in this study made its partial redescription necessary here.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29FA911FD44BA39D2" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityYear="1995" box="[502,743,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29FA911FD44BA39D2" box="[502,743,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella cretacea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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represents the earliest lineage of
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29A3311FD42AE39D2" box="[1132,1267,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29A3311FD42AE39D2" box="[1132,1267,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
known and its phylogenetic placement is discussed below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2BABB29E99120D45913B29" blockId="199.[151,1437,152,1298]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B35FF2BABB29E99120D47F33A61" author="Szadziewski, R." box="[198,430,552,578]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref243090" refString="Szadziewski, R. (1995) The oldest fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebaneseamber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 38, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1995">Szadziewski (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the elongate empodia of the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29A51120D42C93A62" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityYear="1995" box="[1038,1172,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29A51120D42C93A62" box="[1038,1172,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">C. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was unique within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29EC8127547623A49" authorityName="Hennig" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,319,592,618]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraOrder="Culicomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Culicomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
but it is actually present in nearly all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29D1B127545AD3A49" authorityName="Hennig" authorityYear="1948" box="[836,1008,592,618]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraOrder="Culicomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Culicomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nearly all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29B1D127546933AB2" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29B1D127546933AB2" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have empodia which are proportionally about as long as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29A53125D42C93AB2" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityYear="1995" box="[1036,1172,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29A53125D42C93AB2" box="[1036,1172,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">C. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29B1D125D46903A9A" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29B1D125D46903A9A" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with shorter claws, have empodia that are also nearly as long as their claws. This feature is discussed further in the phylogenetic analysis of the genus below.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B35FF2BABB29D7612ED424D3AC1" author="Szadziewski, R." box="[809,1040,712,738]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref243090" refString="Szadziewski, R. (1995) The oldest fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebaneseamber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 38, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1995">Szadziewski (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also indicated that the wing veins had setae but I was unable to locate any (the wing appeared denuded).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2BABB29E99133D44613BDA" blockId="199.[151,1437,152,1298]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B35FF2BABB29E99133D47F33B11" author="Szadziewski, R." box="[198,430,792,818]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref243090" refString="Szadziewski, R. (1995) The oldest fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebaneseamber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 38, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1995">Szadziewski (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified a median structure lying between the bases of the gonocoxites as the aedeagus. I was unable to clearly interpret this feature. It may be the aedeagus but almost might be a portion of segment 10 (bearing the anus) which is a sclerotized somewhat cone-shaped structure in male adults of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29EC813B547DF3B89" box="[151,386,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29EC813B547423B8A" box="[151,287,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Considering that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29C0313B544BE3B8A" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityYear="1995" box="[604,739,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29C0313B544BE3B8A" box="[604,739,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">C. cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister group of all remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29AD613B543523B8A" box="[1161,1295,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29AD613B543523B8A" box="[1161,1295,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this structure might also be an elongate paramere or a subbasal lobe of the gonocoxite, present in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29AAB139D43C13BF1" authorityName="Hennig" authorityYear="1948" box="[1268,1436,952,978]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraOrder="Culicomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Culicomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not present in other
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29FF113C544613BDA" box="[430,572,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29FF113C544653BDA" box="[430,568,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Corethrella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2BABB29E99142D451D3C69" blockId="199.[151,1437,152,1298]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">
|
||
The single male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8866FF2BABB29FD5142D47AC3C01" box="[394,497,1032,1058]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is partially cleared and generally in good condition. The body is nearly devoid of setae and the wings are represented only by their bases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C654FFF2BABB29E99147D42A93D31" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2BABB29E99147D44A43CC9" blockId="199.[151,1437,152,1298]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1E3C99FF2BABB29E99147D44A43CC9" collectionCode="STNS" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8866FF2BABB29C42147D44D03C51" box="[541,653,1112,1138]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, adult male, tarsomeres of foreleg of second male, tarsomeres of additional
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29F4914A547C13CBA" box="[278,412,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29F4914A547C13CBA" box="[278,412,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all in a single piece of amber embedded in epoxy, stored in plastic box with labels “Lebanese amber C61/12
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29F82148D44643CE1" baseAuthorityName="McAlpine" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[477,569,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29C14148D44AF3CE1" authorityName="Wood and Borkent" authorityYear="1986" box="[587,754,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corethrellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29D5F148D42C43CE1" authority="Szadziewski" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityYear="1995" box="[768,1177,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29D5F148D45A43CE2" box="[768,1017,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">Corethrella cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
Szadziewski
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157ADFF2BABB29AF7148D42B23CE1" box="[1192,1263,1192,1218]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8866FF2BABB29B5C148D43343CE1" box="[1283,1385,1192,1218]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD4DFF2BABB29B28148E43DA3C98" box="[1399,1415,1195,1211]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
”, “Staatl. Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED67AE01FF2BABB29CC014F544B03CC9" box="[671,749,1232,1258]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">STNS</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936C4FF2BABB29E9914DD42A93D31" blockId="199.[151,1437,152,1298]" box="[198,1268,1272,1298]" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">
|
||
DERIVATION OF SPECIFIC EPITHET: The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D47FF2BABB29D6B14DD45C53D32" authorityName="Szadziewski" authorityYear="1995" box="[820,920,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="199" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD6FF2BABB29D6B14DD45C53D32" box="[820,920,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="199" pageNumber="200">cretacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the age of the fossil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |