114 lines
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114 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document id="8F59D90DE3A8FDEF3BCD880669C24A75" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10881992" ID-ISSN="0936-9902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10881992" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1711474576113" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Weitzman, Stanley H. & Malabarba, Luiz R." docDate="1999" docId="03DA87B22A34FFE3FB37F7014EEFFA74" docLanguage="en" docName="IchthyolExplorFres.10.1.1-43.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 10 (1)" docTitle="Cheirodontini" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFE3FFCA2A33FFEBFFB0FF824B09FF9B" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Spintherobolus (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from eastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1711475764197" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="06CA41BD75D03AA19F006213EA2D9F4E">
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<mods:title id="684C9DFDAB444BDE1BFA3B58B8E9324F">Systematics of Spintherobolus (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae) from eastern Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D1033F6BF6C17A4815089B10F706B965" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E2698F01C07C35EBC8FD22CA36FF889F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CD518F86B36AE22F9E1708DC9B97CC49">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="142F520833DB5F4C5017350C5BA7D06C">Weitzman, Stanley H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C3C6DF5FBC0AC2D1AA01ABB9140E8DB7">Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC- 159, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. 20560, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="B0CC447D99A06B185351C7F0D0EB4B33" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="56ECDB56B46B931188E43C2E94620A0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0B766107315952F5D53D9776ABCF87F3">Malabarba, Luiz R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD7FF8D3803FBEC168878389F460299F">Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, CEP 90619 - 900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and Departamento de Zoologia, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D2FB25C790D42F75FB5BD4ED3A642242">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BC0A17662E6D34C87A4AAB064CEA6479">
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<mods:title id="5F269D854D1312486B5EFEB7AAFB6B54">Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F73C9B373462BBC93419874BCCD4B762">
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<mods:date id="DB6572C4EE2538A69FC45AABA6582871">1999</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9650C42D3DEF32DB9B9398DB50D110FD" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="ED8C25BE2F67194D928E006C2EDF683B">1999-01-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="2FA17E69E554C8E531547EF98B26E7ED" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6B34FD3E23F8B1BEE50DE39B126AC6F9">10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="859A088A1F7BFF15C131EC833BE52702" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C3978660AD60C1C897DE241E6D0A1875">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D1E8F5C56B9CC9EE7B976A735EEE33FF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DE7502EB7299CE9430C17B13D6992B52">43</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="423B8306ED39B122582F2D6960C0090D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D1F1742C46BBC95580482CB0144CDFCB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.10881992</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="31E6B34970A28ED2042B2656975C495C" type="ISSN">0936-9902</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DE5699CE0AC6EA7F763150907F971279" type="Zenodo-Dep">10881992</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F46CC818C789564DE49478BEC7EC35B9" type="ZooBank">DB264AEA-C4EC-48B7-BE35-56761CA13225</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DA87B22A34FFE3FB37F7014EEFFA74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10881803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10881803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B22A34FFE3FB37F7014EEFFA74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87B22A34FFE3FB37F7014EEFFA74" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C369652F2A34FFECFB37F7014D8DF73C" box="[1159,1668,2179,2215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A34FFECFB37F7014D8DF73C" blockId="7.[1159,1668,2179,2215]" box="[1159,1668,2179,2215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D08481C82A34FFECFB37F7014D8DF73C" box="[1159,1668,2179,2215]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="4">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A34FFECFB44F7014EEEF73C" box="[1268,1511,2179,2215]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="tribe" tribe="Cheirodontini">Cheirodontini</taxonomicName>
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, Clade B
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C369652F2A34FFE3FC42F7594EEFFA74" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A34FFECFC42F7594E1BF6A8" blockId="7.[1010,1818,2267,2624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Clade B Cheirodontines have the following four synapomorphies.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A34FFE3FB9FF6B4495BFB2B" blockId="7.[1010,1818,2267,2624]" lastBlockId="8.[59,873,1074,2603]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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(5) Twelve to twenty-eight ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays in both males and females. Outgroup Cheirodontines and other outgroup characids have 5-11 ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays, except
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A34FFECFB47F66F4D04F58F" authority="Agassiz" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1829" box="[1271,1549,2541,2580]" family="Bryconidae" genus="Salminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB62A34FFECFB47F66F4E8AF58F" box="[1271,1411,2541,2580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Salminus</emphasis>
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Agassiz
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</taxonomicName>
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in Spix & Agassiz, with 16 ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays according to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B552A3BFFE3FE99FBB049B6FBCC" author="Roberts, T. R." box="[297,703,1074,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="391 - 500" refId="ref30553" refString="Roberts, T. R. 1969. Osteology and relationships of the families of characoid fishes, particularity the gen - era Hepsetus, Salminus, Hoplias, Ctenolucius, and Acestrorhynchus. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 36: 391 - 500." type="journal article" year="1969">Roberts (1969: 428-429)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A3BFFE3FD6AFBB0486EFBCC" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1829" box="[730,871,1074,1111]" family="Bryconidae" genus="Salminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB62A3BFFE3FD6AFBB0486EFBCC" box="[730,871,1074,1111]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Salminus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has no other synapomorphies listed here for the cheirodontine clades discussed.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0C662C2A3BFFE3FF8EFCAE4B82FC5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10882012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882012/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[62,111,812,845]" targetBox="[62,874,224,770]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A3BFFE3FF8EFCAE4B82FC5D" blockId="8.[61,873,812,966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Fig. 8.
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A3BFFE3FF01FCAE491CFCD6" authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[177,533,812,845]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB62A3BFFE3FF01FCAE491CFCD6" box="[177,533,812,845]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spintherobolus ankoseion,</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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USNM 297935, adult male, 24.5 mm SL. Osteology of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays and associated bony structures, anterior to right.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF0C662C2A3BFFE3FC11FC554EC0FBD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10882014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882014/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[929,979,983,1017]" targetBox="[929,1736,236,937]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A3BFFE3FC11FC554EC0FBD2" blockId="8.[929,1733,983,1097]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Fig. 9.
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A3BFFE3FBA5FC554E7FFC62" authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[1045,1398,983,1017]" family="Characidae" genus="Spintherobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ankoseion">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB62A3BFFE3FBA5FC554FD2FC62" box="[1045,1243,983,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spintherobolus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B907EAB62A3BFFE3FB5DFC554E67FC62" box="[1261,1390,983,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ankoseion</emphasis>
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,
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</taxonomicName>
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USNM 297935, adult male, 24.5 mm SL. Anal-fin rays and associated pterygiophores, left side, anterior to right.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A3BFFE3FFC9FB344A1FF938" blockId="8.[59,873,1074,2603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(6) The ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males are elongate and the ray halves (see Weitz man, 1962: 40, discussion of the anal-fin ray halves) of each side are fused along their entire length. In most other characids and clade A Cheirodontines the ray halvesform a V shaped bone in frontal view with its two halves fused only distally, although in some, for example
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D272A3BFFE3FD68FA774ACEF9D3" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB62A3BFFE3FD68FA774861F987" box="[728,872,1525,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astyanax</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B907EAB62A3BFFE3FFDBF9A34A28F9D3" box="[107,289,1569,1608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">bimaculatus</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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, the anterior two or three ray halves may be fused for 50 to 80 % of their distal length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A3BFFE3FFC9F92A484EF87B" blockId="8.[59,873,1074,2603]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(7) The anterior-most ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of the females have the proximal portions of their ray halves fused to each other, but retain an opening near their distal tips, giving a needle-like shape to these rays. Females of most outgroup characids and Cheirodontines have the entire lengths of their ray halves separate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A42A3BFFE3FFC8F8644EEFFA74" blockId="8.[59,873,1074,2603]" lastBlockId="8.[928,1733,1206,1519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(8) Several of the anteriormost ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of males project through the muscles at which point they are covered only by extremely thin skin (often lost or nearly undetectable in preserved specimens). Thus they can be easily seen along the ventral margin of the caudal peduncle (
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<figureCitation id="13482A212A3BFFE3FEDFF7764ACEF687" box="[367,455,2292,2332]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[62,111,812,845]" captionTargetBox="[62,874,224,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Spintherobolus ankoseion, USNM 297935, adult male, 24.5 mm SL. Osteology of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays and associated bony structures, anterior to right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882012/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). In other characids the anterior ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays are buried in the muscles and skin and are not visible along the ventral surface of the caudal peduncle. (9) Males of Clade B Cheirodontines have elongated hemal spines of four or more posterior caudal vertebrae (preural vertebrae), those anterior to the terminal half centrum and its processes. These are associated with the ventral procur rent caudal-fin ray supports (
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<figureCitation id="13482A212A3BFFE3FA14FA914EF2FAA2" box="[1444,1531,1299,1337]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[62,111,812,845]" captionTargetBox="[62,874,224,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Spintherobolus ankoseion, USNM 297935, adult male, 24.5 mm SL. Osteology of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays and associated bony structures, anterior to right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10882012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10882012/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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). Outgroup Cheirodontines and characids have only the posterior one, two, or sometimes three caudal (preural) vertebrae directly articulating with the ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |