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<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170231" ID-GBIF-Dataset="256b1aaa-6882-43ab-b647-0deec14fdfcc" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170231" checkinTime="1459752579393" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lopes, Daniela A., Hajdu, Eduardo &amp; Reiswig, Henry M." docDate="2005" docId="03C787F3FFF6FF93FE90FE71FB313601" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01066p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1066" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@291a4791" docStyleName="zootaxa.0000.journal_article" docTitle="Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury 1841" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFFEFF8BFFF1FF9AFF98FFF8FF893261" masterDocTitle="Redescription of two Hexactinosida (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the southwestern Atlantic, collected by Programme REVIZEE" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="43" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1569537183303" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Redescription of two Hexactinosida (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the southwestern Atlantic, collected by Programme REVIZEE</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lopes, Daniela A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number>1066</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787F3FFF6FF93FE90FE71FB313601" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787F3FFF6FF93FE90FE71FB313601" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,763,393,454]" box="[264,763,393,419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<heading bold="true" box="[264,763,393,419]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Stutchbury, 1841" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1841" box="[264,763,393,419]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,763,393,419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,542,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Stutchbury" box="[551,763,393,419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" refString="Stutchbury, S. (1841) Description of a new sponge from Barbados. Proceedings of the Royal Society (B) 9, pp. 86 - 87." type="journal article" year="1841">
Stutchbury,
<number box="[704,763,393,419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="1841.0">1841</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,763,393,454]" box="[264,477,428,454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation box="[273,386,428,454]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="8.[264,357,1769,1790]" captionStartId-1="9.[264,357,958,979]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetBox-1="[288,1272,297,869]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[264,1323,282,894]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 4: Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841. A. preserved specimen (MNRJ 3253). B F, SEM. B. dermal surface. C. discohexaster. D. terminal disc of discohexaster. E. onychexaster. F. terminal disc of onychexaster (Scale bars: A = 20 mm, B = 500 μm, C, E = 10 μm, D, F = 2 μm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5: Free megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841. A. pentactins. B. hexactins (Scale bars = 100 μm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/170234/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/170235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
Figs.
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</figureCitation>
, Tab II)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1323,507,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,512,507,533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[524,602,508,534]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">MNRJ</collectionCode>
<number box="[614,673,508,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="1499.0">1499</number>
and
<collectionCode box="[738,816,508,534]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">MNRJ</collectionCode>
<number box="[828,889,508,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="3253.0">3253</number>
, Almirante Saldanha seamount (off Cape
<collectingCountry box="[331,450,548,574]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
, Rio de Janeiro State,
<geoCoordinate box="[709,819,548,574]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="-22.376">
<number box="[709,790,548,574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="22.376">22.376</number>
º S
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[835,964,548,574]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" precision="55" value="-37.659">
<number box="[835,917,548,574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="37.659">37.659</number>
º W
</geoCoordinate>
), Central II cruise, station
<number box="[1273,1304,548,574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="37.0">37</number>
c,
<quantity box="[264,331,588,614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.52" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="552.0">552m</quantity>
depth, coll. R.V. “Astro Garoupa”,
<date box="[749,865,588,614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="1997-11-06">
<number box="[749,763,588,614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="6.0">6</number>
/xi/
<number box="[806,865,588,614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="1997.0">1997</number>
</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1323,507,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,439,627,653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[447,602,628,653]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[447,602,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Dactylocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with thick walls composed of a dense network of irregularly branching and anastomosing tubules of small calibre (
<quantity box="[894,1030,668,694]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.51.5mm</quantity>
lumen), completely penetrating the body wall; deep, round or oval holes, or longitudinally oriented grooves (
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="2.0">2­ 11mm</quantity>
wide) which incompletely penetrate the body wall. Microscleres are spherical discohexasters and rare onychexasters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1323,507,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,464,828,854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Description.</emphasis>
Specimens composed of fragments, the largest one has
<date box="[1176,1234,828,854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="1967-10">
<number box="[1176,1205,828,854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="67.0">67</number>
x
</date>
<quantity box="[1248,1323,828,854]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="34.0">34mm</quantity>
(length x width;
<figureCitation box="[470,543,868,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,357,1769,1790]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4: Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841. A. preserved specimen (MNRJ 3253). B F, SEM. B. dermal surface. C. discohexaster. D. terminal disc of discohexaster. E. onychexaster. F. terminal disc of onychexaster (Scale bars: A = 20 mm, B = 500 μm, C, E = 10 μm, D, F = 2 μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170234/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
Fig.
<number box="[527,543,868,894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
A). Consistency rigid and fragile. Body wall penetrated on both outer and inner surfaces by deep circular pits or longitudinally­oriented meandering grooves (
<number box="[372,435,948,974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="4.1" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="2.0">2­6.2</number>
­
<quantity box="[444,518,948,974]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="11.0">11mm</quantity>
wide); all framework surface completely porous, consisting of openings of small calibre tubes with lumen
<number box="[759,843,988,1014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="0.85" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5­1.2</number>
­
<quantity box="[852,935,988,1014]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5mm</quantity>
in diameter; tubules extending throughout body wall, branching and anastomosing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1323,507,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,426,1068,1094]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Dictyonal framework with beams coarsely tuberculate,
<number box="[1081,1171,1068,1094]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="44.45" valueMax="48.9" valueMin="40.0">40­48.9</number>
­
<quantity box="[1179,1250,1068,1094]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
thick, mesh sides
<number box="[399,518,1108,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="237.3" valueMax="274.6" valueMin="200.0">200­274.6</number>
­
<quantity box="[527,612,1108,1134]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="375.0">375 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation box="[628,700,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,357,1769,1790]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4: Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841. A. preserved specimen (MNRJ 3253). B F, SEM. B. dermal surface. C. discohexaster. D. terminal disc of discohexaster. E. onychexaster. F. terminal disc of onychexaster (Scale bars: A = 20 mm, B = 500 μm, C, E = 10 μm, D, F = 2 μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170234/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
Fig.
<number box="[683,700,1108,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1323,507,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,414,1148,1174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Spicules</emphasis>
(Table II). Free megascleres: large pentactins (
<figureCitation box="[982,1053,1148,1174]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,357,958,979]" captionTargetBox="[288,1272,297,869]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,282,894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5: Free megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841. A. pentactins. B. hexactins (Scale bars = 100 μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
Fig.
<number box="[1039,1053,1148,1174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="5.0">5</number>
</figureCitation>
A) and hexactins (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[264,357,958,979]" captionTargetBox="[288,1272,297,869]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,282,894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5: Free megascleres of Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841. A. pentactins. B. hexactins (Scale bars = 100 μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
Fig.
<number box="[264,278,1188,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="5.0">5</number>
</figureCitation>
B) with proximal rays always broken off; pentactins with tangential and proximal rays smooth or microspined, cylindrical or club­shaped, and straight or sinuous; hexactins with club­shaped tangential and distal rays, and acute proximal ray, smooth or microspined and straight or sinuous. Microscleres: abundant spherical discohexasters with short primary rays bearing
<number box="[423,468,1348,1374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">45</number>
straight, microspined secondary rays (
<figureCitation box="[941,1015,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,357,1769,1790]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4: Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841. A. preserved specimen (MNRJ 3253). B F, SEM. B. dermal surface. C. discohexaster. D. terminal disc of discohexaster. E. onychexaster. F. terminal disc of onychexaster (Scale bars: A = 20 mm, B = 500 μm, C, E = 10 μm, D, F = 2 μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170234/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
Fig.
<number box="[1000,1015,1348,1374]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
C D); rare onychexasters with microspined secondary rays (
<figureCitation box="[667,737,1388,1414]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,357,1769,1790]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1323,457,1740]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4: Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841. A. preserved specimen (MNRJ 3253). B F, SEM. B. dermal surface. C. discohexaster. D. terminal disc of discohexaster. E. onychexaster. F. terminal disc of onychexaster (Scale bars: A = 20 mm, B = 500 μm, C, E = 10 μm, D, F = 2 μm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170234/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
Fig.
<number box="[722,737,1388,1414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
E F); no oxyhexasters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1323,507,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,472,1428,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Distribution.</emphasis>
The distribution of the species is western Atlantic, from
<collectingCountry box="[1172,1243,1428,1454]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Brazil</collectingCountry>
to the Caribbean, from depths of
<quantity box="[586,741,1468,1494]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0285" metricValueMax="1.966" metricValueMin="0.091" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1028.5" valueMax="1966.0" valueMin="91.0">91 to 1966m</quantity>
. The southwestern Atlantic bathymetric distribution of
<taxonomicName box="[349,496,1508,1533]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis box="[349,496,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was increased from
<quantity box="[738,804,1508,1534]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="188.0">188m</quantity>
(Mothes de
<bibRefCitation author="Moraes" box="[952,1115,1508,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Mothes de Moraes, B. (1977) Ocorrencia de Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841, no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul (Porifera, Hexactinellida). Inheringia (Zoologia), 50, pp. 41 - 50." type="journal article" year="1977">
Moraes,
<number box="[1055,1115,1508,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="1977.0">1977</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) to
<quantity box="[1161,1228,1508,1534]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.52" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="552.0">552m</quantity>
deep.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1323,507,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,433,1548,1574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName box="[573,728,1548,1573]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[573,728,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Dactylocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contains only two valid species,
<taxonomicName box="[1124,1272,1548,1573]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis box="[1124,1272,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[264,588,1588,1614]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subglobosus">
<emphasis box="[264,446,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. subglobosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gray" box="[454,588,1588,1614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867). Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the description of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558, pls. XXVII - XXVIII." type="journal article" year="1867">
Gray,
<number box="[526,588,1588,1614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="1867.0">1867</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Similarity in body form of the two species supports the argument that
<taxonomicName box="[388,573,1628,1653]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subglobosus">
<emphasis box="[388,573,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. subglobosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be a synonym of
<taxonomicName box="[879,1030,1628,1653]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis box="[879,1030,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the respective
<typeStatus box="[1272,1323,1628,1654]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
specimens differ in microsclere contents—two classes of discohexasters in
<taxonomicName box="[1142,1322,1668,1693]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subglobosus">
<emphasis box="[1142,1322,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. subglobosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus one in
<taxonomicName authority="Reiswig, 1991" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="1991" box="[426,772,1708,1734]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis box="[426,573,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
(Reiswig,
<number box="[700,763,1708,1734]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" value="1991.0">1991</number>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[264,1323,507,1894]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1322,284,398]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName box="[312,587,1748,1773]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis box="[312,587,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a remarkable discontinuity in its geographic distribution in the western Atlantic, with a large gap (over
<quantity box="[867,966,1788,1814]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="km" value="5500.0">5500km</quantity>
) between southeastern Brazilian specimens described here and its previously known southern Caribbean records. Part of this gap was corroborated by trawling (
<quantity box="[760,902,1868,1894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.279" metricValueMax="2.1369999999999996" metricValueMin="0.421" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1279.0" valueMax="2137.0" valueMin="421.0">4212137m</quantity>
deep) made by the R.V. &quot;Thalassa&quot; all along Bahia State (
<number box="[520,594,292,318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">1218</number>
o S) in the scope of Programme REVIZEE, which failed to find
<taxonomicName box="[264,416,332,357]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis box="[264,416,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">D. pumiceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the area, in spite of collecting other basiphytose hexactinellids (to be reported upon elsewhere).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170234/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[264,1323,457,1740]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[264,1322,1766,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,384,1769,1790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 4:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Stutchbury, 1841" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1841" box="[393,792,1770,1791]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis box="[393,618,1770,1791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName box="[393,519,1770,1791]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Dactylocalyx</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Stutchbury" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1841" box="[527,618,1770,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="pumiceus">pumiceus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Stutchbury, 1841
</taxonomicName>
. A. preserved specimen (MNRJ 3253). B F, SEM. B. dermal surface.
<taxonomicName box="[420,582,1806,1827]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="discohexaster">
C.
<taxonomicName box="[450,582,1806,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="discohexaster">discohexaster</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicName>
. D. terminal disc of
<taxonomicName box="[783,915,1806,1827]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="discohexaster">discohexaster</taxonomicName>
. E. onychexaster. F. terminal disc of onychexaster (Scale bars: A= 20mm, B = 500μm, C, E = 10μm, D, F = 2μm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170235/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[288,1272,297,869]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[264,1322,958,1011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,383,958,979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 5:</emphasis>
Free megascleres of
<taxonomicName authority="Stutchbury, 1841" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1841" box="[590,987,958,979]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<taxonomicName box="[590,814,958,979]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis box="[590,814,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName box="[590,716,958,979]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Dactylocalyx</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Stutchbury" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1841" box="[724,814,958,979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="pumiceus">pumiceus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Stutchbury, 1841
</taxonomicName>
. A. pentactins. B. hexactins (Scale bars = 100μm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="9.[264,1323,1062,1125]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,398,1062,1086]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
<collectionCode box="[264,352,1062,1086]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">TABLE</collectionCode>
II:
</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of
<taxonomicName authority="Stutchbury, 1841" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1841" box="[685,1152,1062,1086]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Dactylocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pumiceus">
<emphasis box="[685,943,1063,1086]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Dactylocalyx pumiceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Stutchbury" box="[959,1152,1062,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" refString="Stutchbury, S. (1841) Description of a new sponge from Barbados. Proceedings of the Royal Society (B) 9, pp. 86 - 87." type="journal article" year="1841">
Stutchbury,
<number box="[1096,1152,1062,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" value="1841.0">1841</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Measures are expressed in m as: smaller­ mean­largerN. Ln = Length, Wd = width, Diam = diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>