196 lines
29 KiB
XML
196 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="1E6B29D9248E8C574A6DD92670C0024A" ID-CLB-Dataset="46797" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.205026" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6486e3e2-1c57-420b-8fba-3653f1514929" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="205026" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460361555521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Penz, Carla M., Mohammadi, Neda & Wahlberg, Niklas" docDate="2011" docId="03B287C0FFDFAD0B4085379FFE2BFABF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02897p017.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2897" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Blepolenis catharinae Stichel 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF8BFFB8FFD7AD0340123708FFB0FFB5" masterDocTitle="Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698294616101" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="A312835FECDA7FB0FC6C6D9EB7968593" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="074CAAEC9168C3164E38826AEC1DC9B7">
|
||
<mods:title id="340CF92C763C9E772A6CEDFCF33D97EE">Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F3C964AED850CAB831005697E8D8A2E0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4F035DE749558C6612CB5ED402BF74BE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0209739A3E05DDAC1348A3A00F39751D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D15FA2FA24ED182D31A3123B39B69F62">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="13648F048EDA41A0DF46B8D7C77118C2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3EFFFB042D4ED85DF75B18D52D07F306">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B084CC3ACEAEBF24E0012DCE35550FAB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1F1D86FC0B0FB1DF5B2FD0D6F11C4515">Mohammadi, Neda</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6E52B3F007CD7F28927ADBB6CE479DD5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A08FDA1C93551CC55642740284C3C84E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B0BFC2EEDDCE8F6B5DF032477E53932C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="02528D8E3E87888494506DBAFDC7A181">Wahlberg, Niklas</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E857AEFCC95D8EBD2036D12791835777">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="7D6C5CE1F2728093E6EA82014C3D5EEB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A7B5091921FA4235BB1D8ED8D6620966">
|
||
<mods:title id="AD268441E4E67269484D0E92A9844339">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="2DBE15F45AB614420FF1562CAEBDC1C6">
|
||
<mods:date id="B292596B9BC635E47AC5EEED07FA952B">2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="41B7F5A816D4BE9F160B833703884BDB" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="906F58734F8CB91291ACCC74186264E3">2897</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="7E3073BDFB6BA032F978A8CB510AE3DC" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="7C5A1D41353C705DF0FCE386BA0477D0">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="67C0186B62F77FCC6EB0E775402CCC90">17</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="225302DD74D66C1D906D869CEA7B4C40">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EC94542557DDBCC6A8683EFF8206CD16" type="CLB-Dataset">46797</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="179A6173D12F348F8F32E86C8A386597" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.205026</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="29D5DE637AE42E8D9C6F8374E29EE7CA" type="GBIF-Dataset">6486e3e2-1c57-420b-8fba-3653f1514929</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F9DCA4284648CD276542F6148ABF5229" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="93E2A0B5BAA5340F84A8DEABC7DADB52" type="Zenodo-Dep">205026</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03B287C0FFDFAD0B4085379FFE2BFABF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189406" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119409865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287C0FFDFAD0B4085379FFE2BFABF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287C0FFDFAD0B4085379FFE2BFABF" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301655DFFDFAD0B4085379FFEFBFF67" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436D6FFDFAD0B4085379FFDE6FF04" blockId="8.[151,598,151,210]" box="[151,598,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D0EC81BAFFDFAD0B4085379FFDE6FF04" bold="true" box="[151,598,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B4085379FFDE6FF04" authority="Stichel, 1902" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,598,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B4085379FFDE6FF04" bold="true" box="[151,598,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B4085379FFE2FFF04" bold="true" box="[151,415,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Blepolenis catharinae</emphasis>
|
||
(Stichel, 1902)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436D6FFDFAD0B408537B2FEFBFF67" blockId="8.[151,598,151,210]" box="[151,331,186,210]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A53FFDFAD0B408537B2FF63FF67" box="[151,211,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,381,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,375,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult Blepolenis butterflies of both sexes in dorsal (D) and ventral (V) views, including dissection or collection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. A, Blepolenis bassus male D & V, Brazil, 08 - 41. B, B. bassus female D & V, São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01 - 32. C, B. bassus female D, Campos do Jordão-Lagoinha, [São Paulo] MZSP 13714. D, B. bassus male D, Murtinho, E. Parana, MZSP 13711. E, B. batea male D & V, Santa Catarina, 08 - 38. F, B. batea female D & V, Santa Catarina. G, B. batea male D & V, Itatiba, São Paulo, MZSP 13719. H, B. batea male D, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06 - 15. I, B. batea male D, Porto Alegre, MZSP 13709. J, B. batea male D, S. Paulo, 09 - 04, MZSP 13718. K, B. batea male D, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01 - 33. L, B. catharinae male D, no locality, specimen from the Fruhstorfer Collection, B. M. [N. H.] 1937 - 285. M, B. catharinae male D & V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. N, B. catharinae female D & V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. O, B. catharinae male D, no locality, 09 - 15, MZSP 13710. P, B. catharinae male V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205027/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
L–P, 2G–I
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301655DFFDFAD0B4085360AFC80FCA7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436D6FFDFAD0B4085360AFDE0FDA3" blockId="8.[151,1436,258,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B4085360AFEA1FEAE" bold="true" box="[151,273,258,283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length of male
|
||
<quantity id="4CE39B33FFDFAD0B4226360AFD70FEAF" box="[564,704,258,282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.195" metricValueMax="4.59" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="4.195" valueMax="4.59" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.59 cm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 4.32, n = 5), and female
|
||
<quantity id="4CE39B33FFDFAD0B4452360AFB6AFEAF" box="[1088,1242,258,282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.195" metricValueMax="5.42" metricValueMin="4.97" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="5.195" valueMax="5.42" valueMin="4.97">4.97–5.42 cm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 5.2, n = 2). Very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B417E3620FE7AFE8B" box="[364,458,294,319]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B417E3620FE7AFE8B" box="[364,458,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but males lack a dorsal hair pencil in the hind wing discal cell. In males and females, postmedial border of dorsal forewing orange area more jagged than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B43BC3644FBBBFED6" box="[942,1035,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B43BC3644FBBBFED6" box="[942,1035,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dorsal hind wing orange area usually smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B41673678FE62FE33" box="[373,466,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B41673678FE62FE33" box="[373,466,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. General ventral coloration less vivid that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B43DE3678FB99FE33" box="[972,1065,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B43DE3678FB99FE33" box="[972,1065,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fresh specimens of both species were compared), making the ventral forewing submarginal band paler. The color of this band is brown anteriorly to charcoal posteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B418836B0FD83FE7B" box="[410,563,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B418836B0FD83FE7B" box="[410,563,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. catharinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while it is more homogeneously brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B440E36B0FBC9FE7B" box="[1052,1145,438,463]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B440E36B0FBC9FE7B" box="[1052,1145,438,463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females are very similar to, and difficult to separate from, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B426E36D4FD6BFE46" box="[636,731,475,499]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B426E36D4FD6BFE46" box="[636,731,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Female ventral forewing brown submarginal band faded and usually showing a subtle ripple pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436D6FFDFAD0B40D7352AFC80FCA7" blockId="8.[151,1436,258,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B40D7352AFE8AFD8E" bold="true" box="[197,314,546,571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Both the male and female genitalia are similar in size those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B4414352CFBD4FD8E" box="[1030,1124,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B4414352CFBD4FD8E" box="[1030,1124,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Male valva more robust at base both in lateral and ventral views than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B42653540FD64FDEB" box="[631,724,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B42653540FD64FDEB" box="[631,724,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two dissections), with some variation in the subterminal valva spines (spines in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A53FFDFAD0B41453562FE28FD37" box="[343,408,618,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,198,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[194,1388,193,1678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Blepolenis male and female genitalia, including dissection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. Male genitalia is illustrated in lateral and ventral views (setae omitted from right side of figure to emphasize the shape), an outline of the tegumen is given in dorsal view, and outlines of the distal portion of the valva in lateral view show the variation in the dorsal, subterminal spines. The ventral view of female sterigma includes most, but not all the length of the lateral arms. All drawings in the same scale except for corpus bursa; scale bars 1 mm, appearing under A and C. A, Blepolenis bassus male, Murtinho, Paraná, 09 - 14. B, B. bassus male valvae, top figure is the left valva of the specimen in A; bottom left, Brazil, 01 - 31; bottom right, Brazil, 08 - 41. C, B. bassus female (the irregular signa are an artifact of preparation), São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01 - 32. D, B. batea male, Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais, 09 - 05. E, B. batea male valvae, top to bottom, left to right: Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01 - 33; S. Paulo, 09 - 04; Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06 - 15; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina, 08 - 42. F, B. batea female, Santa Catarina, 06 - 16. G, B. catharinae male, Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 09 - 01. H, no data, 09 - 15. I, Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 09 - 02." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205028/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H are rounded and flat like those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B43393563FC1FFD36" box="[811,943,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B43393563FC1FFD36" box="[811,943,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Opsiphanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In ventral view, the distal portion of valva seems narrower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B41793598FDB3FD13" box="[363,515,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B41793598FDB3FD13" box="[363,515,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. catharinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B424F3598FD0AFD13" box="[605,698,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B424F3598FD0AFD13" box="[605,698,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Female sterigma with long lateral arms, main plate tall, posterior edge with a weakly sclerotized portion at midline, and midline lobe shorter than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B442E35BCFB2CFD7E" box="[1084,1180,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B442E35BCFB2CFD7E" box="[1084,1180,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(one dissection only). Corpus bursa elongated, with paired signa, and broad at the meeting point with the also broad ductus bursa, which obscures the boundary between the two structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A53FFDFAD0B42C635F2FCA9FCA7" box="[724,793,762,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[202,1383,198,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[194,1388,193,1678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Blepolenis male and female genitalia, including dissection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. Male genitalia is illustrated in lateral and ventral views (setae omitted from right side of figure to emphasize the shape), an outline of the tegumen is given in dorsal view, and outlines of the distal portion of the valva in lateral view show the variation in the dorsal, subterminal spines. The ventral view of female sterigma includes most, but not all the length of the lateral arms. All drawings in the same scale except for corpus bursa; scale bars 1 mm, appearing under A and C. A, Blepolenis bassus male, Murtinho, Paraná, 09 - 14. B, B. bassus male valvae, top figure is the left valva of the specimen in A; bottom left, Brazil, 01 - 31; bottom right, Brazil, 08 - 41. C, B. bassus female (the irregular signa are an artifact of preparation), São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01 - 32. D, B. batea male, Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais, 09 - 05. E, B. batea male valvae, top to bottom, left to right: Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01 - 33; S. Paulo, 09 - 04; Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06 - 15; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina, 08 - 42. F, B. batea female, Santa Catarina, 06 - 16. G, B. catharinae male, Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 09 - 01. H, no data, 09 - 15. I, Lagoa do Peri, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 09 - 02." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205028/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFA51016FFDFAD0B431B35F2FCA9FCA7" box="[777,793,762,786]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301655DFFDFAD0B40D73416FC32FC83" box="[197,898,798,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436D6FFDFAD0B40D73416FC32FC83" blockId="8.[151,1436,258,1290]" box="[197,898,798,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B40D73416FEEEFC82" bold="true" box="[197,350,798,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C7646FFDFAD0B41773416FE1CFC83" box="[357,428,798,822]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Atlantic forest, Paraná to Santa Catarina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C301655DFFDFAD0B40D7344AFE2BFABF" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436D6FFDFAD0B40D7344AFAD8FB77" blockId="8.[151,1436,258,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B40D7344AFE43FCEE" bold="true" box="[197,499,834,859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Variation and subspecies.</emphasis>
|
||
The only described subspecies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B434F344CFA85FCEF" authority="Stichel, 1925" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1925" box="[861,1333,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="catharinae" subSpecies="berchmansi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B434F344CFBCDFCEE" box="[861,1149,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. catharinae berchmansi</emphasis>
|
||
(Stichel, 1925))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also a ‘variety’ and an ‘aberration’ were synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B27FFDFAD0B42FE346EFC74FCCB" author="Casagrande" box="[748,964,870,894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Casagrande, M. M. (2004) Brassolini. p. 201 - 205. In: J. B. Heppner (ed.). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Part 4 A Checklist (ed. by G. Lamas). Association of Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific publishers, Gainesville. 439 p." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A08874FFDFAD0B4413346FFB81FCCA" box="[1025,1073,871,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for this species is Santa Catarina state, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B27FFDFAD0B417F3482FD8DFC17" author="Fruhstorfer" box="[365,573,906,930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1912) 5. Familie: Brassolidae. p. 285 - 328. In: Seitz, A. (ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart, volume 5. Alfred Kernen." type="book chapter" year="1912">Fruhstorfer (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A08874FFDFAD0B42F13483FCA3FC16" box="[739,787,907,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is probably from Blumenau. He also stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B408534B8FE83FC73" box="[151,307,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B408534B8FE83FC73" box="[151,307,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. catharinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B429A34B8FD59FC73" box="[648,745,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B429A34B8FD59FC73" box="[648,745,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by himself in Teresópolis (Rio de Janeiro), which we find improbable. We examined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B41D734DCFD94FC5E" box="[453,548,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B41D734DCFD94FC5E" box="[453,548,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B424834DCFD43FC5E" box="[602,755,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catharinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B424834DCFD43FC5E" box="[602,755,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. catharinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from the Fruhstorfer Collection currently housed at The Natural History Museum (London), the former was labeled ‘Santa Catarina’ state but the latter had no locality data. Most of the specimens studied here were collected with fruit-baited traps by W. Gonzales at Lagoa do Peri (open areas and “restinga”). This site is located south of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, and surrounded by
|
||
<quantity id="4CE39B33FFDFAD0B45283336FF1DFBCF" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="200.0">200–400 m</quantity>
|
||
mountains. In this particular series, some specimens have white spots in dorsal forewing cells M1 and M3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A53FFDFAD0B457C336AFF12FB2B" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,381,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,375,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult Blepolenis butterflies of both sexes in dorsal (D) and ventral (V) views, including dissection or collection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. A, Blepolenis bassus male D & V, Brazil, 08 - 41. B, B. bassus female D & V, São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01 - 32. C, B. bassus female D, Campos do Jordão-Lagoinha, [São Paulo] MZSP 13714. D, B. bassus male D, Murtinho, E. Parana, MZSP 13711. E, B. batea male D & V, Santa Catarina, 08 - 38. F, B. batea female D & V, Santa Catarina. G, B. batea male D & V, Itatiba, São Paulo, MZSP 13719. H, B. batea male D, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06 - 15. I, B. batea male D, Porto Alegre, MZSP 13709. J, B. batea male D, S. Paulo, 09 - 04, MZSP 13718. K, B. batea male D, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01 - 33. L, B. catharinae male D, no locality, specimen from the Fruhstorfer Collection, B. M. [N. H.] 1937 - 285. M, B. catharinae male D & V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. N, B. catharinae female D & V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. O, B. catharinae male D, no locality, 09 - 15, MZSP 13710. P, B. catharinae male V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205027/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
L, M, N); a spot in M3 is occasionally found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D55FFDFAD0B42DB3380FC97FB2B" box="[713,807,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Blepolenis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B42DB3380FC97FB2B" box="[713,807,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. batea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A53FFDFAD0B432A338EFCC7FB2B" box="[824,887,1158,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,381,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,375,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult Blepolenis butterflies of both sexes in dorsal (D) and ventral (V) views, including dissection or collection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. A, Blepolenis bassus male D & V, Brazil, 08 - 41. B, B. bassus female D & V, São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01 - 32. C, B. bassus female D, Campos do Jordão-Lagoinha, [São Paulo] MZSP 13714. D, B. bassus male D, Murtinho, E. Parana, MZSP 13711. E, B. batea male D & V, Santa Catarina, 08 - 38. F, B. batea female D & V, Santa Catarina. G, B. batea male D & V, Itatiba, São Paulo, MZSP 13719. H, B. batea male D, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06 - 15. I, B. batea male D, Porto Alegre, MZSP 13709. J, B. batea male D, S. Paulo, 09 - 04, MZSP 13718. K, B. batea male D, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01 - 33. L, B. catharinae male D, no locality, specimen from the Fruhstorfer Collection, B. M. [N. H.] 1937 - 285. M, B. catharinae male D & V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. N, B. catharinae female D & V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. O, B. catharinae male D, no locality, 09 - 15, MZSP 13710. P, B. catharinae male V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205027/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H and I). Furthermore, in the ventral hind wing, white marks that seem to correspond to pupils can be observed posteriorly from the anterior eyespot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A53FFDFAD0B451433A2FAF6FB77" box="[1286,1350,1194,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1724,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1428,381,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,375,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult Blepolenis butterflies of both sexes in dorsal (D) and ventral (V) views, including dissection or collection numbers as listed in Appendix 1. A, Blepolenis bassus male D & V, Brazil, 08 - 41. B, B. bassus female D & V, São Bento [do Sul], [Rio Grande do Sul], 01 - 32. C, B. bassus female D, Campos do Jordão-Lagoinha, [São Paulo] MZSP 13714. D, B. bassus male D, Murtinho, E. Parana, MZSP 13711. E, B. batea male D & V, Santa Catarina, 08 - 38. F, B. batea female D & V, Santa Catarina. G, B. batea male D & V, Itatiba, São Paulo, MZSP 13719. H, B. batea male D, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 06 - 15. I, B. batea male D, Porto Alegre, MZSP 13709. J, B. batea male D, S. Paulo, 09 - 04, MZSP 13718. K, B. batea male D, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 01 - 33. L, B. catharinae male D, no locality, specimen from the Fruhstorfer Collection, B. M. [N. H.] 1937 - 285. M, B. catharinae male D & V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. N, B. catharinae female D & V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. O, B. catharinae male D, no locality, 09 - 15, MZSP 13710. P, B. catharinae male V, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205027/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
P).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436D6FFDFAD0B40D733C7FE2BFABF" blockId="8.[151,1436,258,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAC4FFDFAD0B40D733C7FE78FB52" bold="true" box="[197,456,1230,1255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Natural history notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The habits and early stages of this species are unknown (but see description of W. Gonzales study site above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |