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<document id="9A490E127AFEB397B01234B12D284E9C" ID-CLB-Dataset="3425" ID-DOI="10.15553/c2021v761a11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="302813c6-fb6d-4142-b635-4d0a1e18fb27" ID-ISSN="2235-3658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5683793" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1636719255402" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kainulainen, Kent" docDate="2021" docId="F35B0449FF9C3A60FC9CFE28827CF9FA" docLanguage="en" docName="Candollea.76.1.105-116.pdf" docOrigin="Candollea 76 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B.3:Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="1E5CC43F38D0DBC531513809D1267F7B" docStyleName="Candollea.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Melanoxerus Kainul. &amp; B. Bremer" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="0F627C31FF9D3A62FFBDFFFE816EFFFE" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Melanoxerus (Rubiaceae), with descriptions of three new species of trees from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1699468372422" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="EDCB94A16571AAD14CAF0EFC52AB7825">A taxonomic revision of Melanoxerus (Rubiaceae), with descriptions of three new species of trees from Madagascar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="2EFD96842DA3CFDB574F4F58BD994C45">Kainulainen, Kent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="96B0CF0CE45ED50DB8FA8C06A2057FF7">Candollea</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1D0DA77DA6A919F47087EAC06BBC40C2">
<mods:date id="82DD2421BD2BAA2AE895654034072427">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="50AE25EDC24EE6CD08F879F0FE2D8A28" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1BDA15A5D2AFC1E3EBBF6DAC166D757E">2021-03-22</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9C65033D7F3B39AEF6EE24366BA38181">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C6399474EC138A05ADF5409650390DF0" type="DOI">10.15553/c2021v761a11</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F35B0449FF9C3A60FC9CFE28827CF9FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711510" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190223987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5711510" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F35B0449FF9C3A60FC9CFE28827CF9FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F35B0449FF9C3A60FC9CFE28827CF9FA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<subSubSection id="33E8E6D4FF9C3A63FC9CFE2884E4FE11" box="[801,1418,470,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9C3A63FC9CFE2884E4FE11" blockId="1.[801,1418,470,495]" box="[801,1418,470,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<heading id="20050233FF9C3A63FC9CFE2884E4FE11" box="[801,1418,470,495]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" reason="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5BE29271FF9C3A63FC9CFE2884E4FE11" box="[801,1418,470,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<treatmentCitation id="FA53934EFF9C3A63FC9CFE2884E8FE11" author="Melanoxerus Kainul. &amp; B. Bremer" box="[801,1414,470,495]" journal="Taxon" page="828" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" score="1.029246375121222" volume="63" year="2014">
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FC9CFE2885E0FE10" ID-CoL="8WHM5" authority="Kainul. &amp; B. Bremer" authorityName="Kainul. &amp; B. Bremer" box="[801,1166,470,495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC9CFE2882C4FE10" bold="true" box="[801,938,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Melanoxerus</emphasis>
Kainul. &amp; B. Bremer
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibCitation id="AED8BD33FF9C3A63FB0DFE2984E8FE11" box="[1200,1414,471,495]" journal="Taxon" page="828" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" score="1.029246375121222" volume="63" year="2014">Taxon 63: 828. 2014</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33E8E6D4FF9C3A63FCFAFDFC82A5FD84" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9C3A63FCFAFDFC82A5FD84" blockId="1.[839,1450,514,634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<materialsCitation id="CB9ABF02FF9C3A63FCFAFDFC82A5FD84" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3408783422" collectorName="Kainul &amp; B. Bremer &amp; F. Leroy" location="Homolle ex Cavaco" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="typus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FCFAFDFC82F8FDE4" bold="true" box="[839,918,514,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<typeStatus id="A4490BFDFF9C3A63FCFAFDFC82FFFDE4" box="[839,913,514,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Typus</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FC20FDFC855CFDC7" authority="(Homolle ex Cavaco) Kainul. &amp; B. Bremer" authorityName="Kainul. &amp; B. Bremer" baseAuthorityName="Cavaco" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suavissimus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC20FDFC85C3FDE7" box="[925,1197,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Melanoxerus suavissimus</emphasis>
(
<location id="7E2DE384FF9C3A63FB03FDFC84CDFDE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F35B0449FF9C3A60FC9CFE28827CF9FA:7E2DE384FF9C3A63FB03FDFC84CDFDE4" box="[1214,1443,514,538]" name="Homolle ex Cavaco" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Homolle ex Cavaco</location>
)
<collectorName id="D607D089FF9C3A63FCFAFDDC82FBFDC4" box="[839,917,546,570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Kainul</collectorName>
. &amp;
<collectorName id="D607D089FF9C3A63FC7DFDDC855CFDC7" box="[960,1074,546,569]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">B. Bremer</collectorName>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FBE2FDDC82D0FDA4" authority="Homolle ex Cavaco." authorityName="Cavaco." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Gardenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suavissima">
<location id="7E2DE384FF9C3A63FBE2FDDC82D7FDA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F35B0449FF9C3A60FC9CFE28827CF9FA:7E2DE384FF9C3A63FBE2FDDC82D7FDA4" name="Gardenia suavissima Homolle ex Cavaco" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FBE2FDDC8451FDC7" box="[1119,1343,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Gardenia suavissima</emphasis>
Homolle ex Cavaco
</location>
.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FC5DFDBC84C4FDA4" authority="(Homolle ex Cavaco)" baseAuthorityName="Cavaco" box="[992,1450,578,602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Euclinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suavissima">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC5DFDBC85DDFDA7" box="[992,1203,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<location id="7E2DE384FF9C3A63FC5DFDBC8554FDA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F35B0449FF9C3A60FC9CFE28827CF9FA:7E2DE384FF9C3A63FC5DFDBC8554FDA4" box="[992,1082,578,602]" name="Euclinia" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Euclinia</location>
suavissima
</emphasis>
(
<location id="7E2DE384FF9C3A63FB7EFDBC84CDFDA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F35B0449FF9C3A60FC9CFE28827CF9FA:7E2DE384FF9C3A63FB7EFDBC84CDFDA4" box="[1219,1443,578,602]" name="Homolle ex Cavaco" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Homolle ex Cavaco</location>
)
</taxonomicName>
J.-
<collectorName id="D607D089FF9C3A63FCE2FD9C82AEFD84" box="[863,960,610,634]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">F. Leroy</collectorName>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33E8E6D4FF9C3A63FCFAFD5C8597FB64" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="description">
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9C3A63FCFAFD5C8597FB64" blockId="1.[801,1452,673,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
Deciduous or semi-deciduous
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FB2BFD5C85B8FD44" box="[1174,1238,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">shrubs</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FB40FD5C8445FD47" box="[1277,1323,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">trees</emphasis>
up to
<quantity id="BC0A18BAFF9C3A63FAC9FD5F84C5FD47" box="[1396,1451,673,697]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</quantity>
tall. Sympodial plagiotropic branching, usually with much reduced distal shoot internodes, terminally clustered leaves, and scarious stipules covering the terminal buds.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FA9CFCFC840BFCE7" box="[1313,1381,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite, petiolate, glossy, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, cordiform to obovate, drying dark brown to black.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FB5CFCBC845DFCA4" box="[1249,1331,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Stipules</emphasis>
triangular, caducous.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC2FFC9C828BFC84" box="[914,997,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Flowers</emphasis>
bisexual.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FBEFFC9C85B7FC84" box="[1106,1241,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Inflorescences</emphasis>
terminal, with few or solitary flowers.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC46FC7C8529FC64" box="[1019,1095,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Calyces</emphasis>
shortly tubular; lobes narrowly triangular, caducous.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FBBAFC5C8535FC44" box="[1031,1115,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Corollas</emphasis>
funnelform or campanulate to broadly urceolate; lobes contorted in bud, overlapping to the left, spreading horizontally at anthesis.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FB66FC1C8478FC04" box="[1243,1302,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Styles</emphasis>
club-shaped, ribbed, with secondary pollen presentation in the distal end.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC9CFBDC820EFBC4" box="[801,864,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Pollen</emphasis>
dispersed in tetrads.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FBF9FBDC85EDFBC7" box="[1092,1155,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fruits</emphasis>
fleshy-indehiscent, globose to ovoid, with a thick mesocarp and an exocarp covered with conspicuous lenticels.
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FBB6FB9C8551FB84" box="[1035,1087,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Seeds</emphasis>
flattened, irregularly angled, horizontally inserted and immersed in soft pulp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33E8E6D4FF9C3A60FCFAFB3C80E1FE51" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9C3A63FCFAFB3C847EF904" blockId="1.[801,1452,1218,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FCFAFB3C845AFB24" box="[839,1332,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
Distribution, habitat and ecology. –
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FB0FFB3C845AFB24" box="[1202,1332,1218,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melanoxerus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="03E5F5CFFF9C3A63FC82FB1C82ADFB04" box="[831,963,1250,1274]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and distributed across most of the southern and western regions (i.e. Anosy, Androy, Atsimo-Andrefana, Menabe, Melaky, Boeny, and Sofia Regions), as well as in northernmost
<collectingCountry id="03E5F5CFFF9C3A63FC5AFABC8501FAA4" box="[999,1135,1346,1370]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
in the DIANA and SAVA Regions.
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FC3EFA9C856AFA84" box="[899,1028,1378,1402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC3EFA9C856AFA84" box="[899,1028,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Melanoxerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in vegetation
<typeStatus id="A4490BFDFF9C3A63FB5EFA9C8474FA84" box="[1251,1306,1378,1402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">types</typeStatus>
ranging from subarid thickets to subhumid semi-deciduous forests, from sea level to about
<quantity id="BC0A18BAFF9C3A63FC51FA5C855DFA47" box="[1004,1075,1442,1466]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
in elevation, and on various substrates from coastal sands to laterite, including skeletal soils in karstic limestone formations (tsingy). It is absent from the Central Highlands and the humid east coast. Although there are exceptions, in general the species distributions reflect the ecoregions of
<collectingCountry id="03E5F5CFFF9C3A63FC58F9BC8506F9A4" box="[997,1128,1602,1626]" name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="1F63C8AEFF9C3A63FB24F9BC8409F9A4" author="OLSON, D. M. &amp; DINERSTEIN, E. D. &amp; WIKRAMANAYAKE, N. D. &amp; BURGESS, G. V. N. &amp; POWELL, E. C. &amp; UNDERWOOD, J. A. &amp; D'AMICO, I. &amp; ITOUA, H. E. &amp; STRAND, J. C. &amp; MORRISON, C. J. &amp; LOUCKS, T. F. &amp; ALLNUTT, T. H. &amp; RICKETTS, Y. &amp; KURA, J. F. &amp; LAMOREUX, W. W. &amp; WETTENGEL, P." box="[1177,1383,1602,1626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref11845" refString="OLSON, D. M., E. DINERSTEIN, E. D. WIKRAMANAYAKE, N. D. BURGESS, G. V. N. POWELL, E. C. UNDERWOOD, J. A. D'AMICO, I. ITOUA, H. E. STRAND, J. C. MORRISON, C. J. LOUCKS, T. F. ALLNUTT, T. H. RICKETTS, Y. KURA, J. F. LAMOREUX, W. W. WETTENGEL, P. HEDAO &amp; K. R. KASSEM (2001). Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. BioScience 51: 933 - 938." type="journal article" year="2001">OLSON et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
), with
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FC9CF99C8287F987" box="[801,1001,1634,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antsirananensis">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC9CF99C8287F987" box="[801,1001,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">M. antsirananensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being found in the dry deciduous forests of the north;
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FC0AF97C851FF967" box="[951,1137,1666,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atropurpureus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC0AF97C851FF967" box="[951,1137,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">M. atropurpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the inland dry deciduous forests of the west;
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FC48F95C85E8F947" box="[1013,1158,1698,1721]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maritimus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC48F95C85E8F947" box="[1013,1158,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">M. maritimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in dry deciduous forest on coastal sands; and
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9C3A63FC58F93C8511F927" box="[997,1151,1730,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suavissimus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9C3A63FC58F93C8511F927" box="[997,1151,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">M. suavissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the dry spiny thicket and succulent woodlands of the southwest (
<figureCitation id="E3C9A9DAFF9C3A63FB79F91C846FF904" box="[1220,1281,1762,1786]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[113,143,1176,1196]" captionTargetBox="[113,764,276,1153]" captionTargetId="graphics-773@3.[113,763,276,1153]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig.1.– Distribution of Melanoxerus antsirananensis Kainul. (yellow circles), M. atropurpureus Kainul. (pink circles), M. maritimus Kainul. (triangles), and M. suavissimus (Homolle ex Cavaco) Kainul. &amp; B. Bremer (stars) in Madagascar.[mapped on the bioclimatic zones of Madagascar (after CORNET, 1974; see SCHATZ, 2000)]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5683795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5683795/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9C3A60FCFAF8FC80E1FE51" blockId="1.[801,1452,1218,1946]" lastBlockId="2.[136,788,279,879]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Little is known about the ecology of this genus, and no information on pollination or seed dispersal has been recorded for the specimens that I have examined. The flowers are large and ± fleshy, with funnelform to broadly urceolate corollas that are externally white (sometimes tinged purple or pale green) and internally purple or white with green, red, or purple markings. Pollen is usually deposited on the upper part of the style (secondary pollen presentation), which is club-shaped with longitudinal ridges. The flowers are strongly fragrant with a sweet smell like jasmine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33E8E6D4FF9F3A60FF13FE498344FC90" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9F3A60FF13FE498344FC90" blockId="2.[136,788,279,879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
The fruits are large, indehiscent “berries” with a fleshy pulp and are most likely an adaptation to endozoochory. The seeds are presumably dispersed by lemurs, but it is possible that seed dispersal, at least in part, has relied on the recently extinct Malagasy megafauna, as has been suggested for
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FD37FDC9839BFDB1" box="[650,757,567,591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Adansonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FD37FDC9839BFDB1" box="[650,757,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Adansonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="1F63C8AEFF9F3A60FF2CFDA98062FD91" author="BAUM, D." box="[145,268,599,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" pagination="440 - 471" refId="ref11518" refString="BAUM, D. (1995). A systematic revision of Adansonia (Bombacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82: 440 - 471." type="journal article" year="1995">BAUM, 1995</bibRefCitation>
) – a genus which also has large indehiscent fruits, and a distribution in
<collectingCountry id="03E5F5CFFF9F3A60FECAFD898092FD71" box="[375,508,631,655]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
that is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FF35FD698067FD51" box="[136,265,663,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FF35FD698067FD51" box="[136,265,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Melanoxerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The leaves of
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FE1CFD69834CFD51" box="[417,546,663,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FE1CFD69834CFD51" box="[417,546,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Melanoxerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear to be attractive to herbivores because in the specimens seen in this study the leaves are usually damaged. Although not documented, insects are probably responsible for part of the damages, although slugs (pers. obs.) and lemurs of the genus
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FD88FCE983C8FCD1" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1832" box="[565,678,791,815]" class="Mammalia" family="Indriidae" genus="Propithecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FD88FCE983C8FCD1" box="[565,678,791,815]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Propithecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(information on the label of
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FEDDFCC68341FCB1" box="[352,559,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Meyers &amp; Boltz 110</emphasis>
) have been observed feeding on leaves of
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FEDCFCA6834DFC91" box="[353,547,856,879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antsirananensis">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FEDCFCA6834DFC91" box="[353,547,856,879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">M. antsirananensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33E8E6D4FF9F3A60FF35FC57827CF9FA" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="key">
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9F3A60FF35FC578331FC3B" blockId="2.[136,607,937,965]" box="[136,607,937,965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<heading id="20050233FF9F3A60FF35FC578331FC3B" bold="true" box="[136,607,937,965]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FF35FC578331FC3B" bold="true" box="[136,607,937,965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FE13FC578331FC3B" ID-CoL="8WHM5" box="[430,607,937,965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melanoxerus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="C006ADFAFF9F3A60FF35FC29827CFB51" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9F3A60FF35FC29827CFBB1" blockId="2.[136,787,983,1199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<keyLead id="C003166AFF9F3A60FF35FC29827CFBB1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
1. Leaves broadly lanceolate to obovate; flowers solitary or not; corolla tube campanulate to broadly urceolate; corolla throat glabrous; mature fruits with lenticels
<quantity id="BC0A18BAFF9F3A60FD31FBE98398FBD0" box="[652,758,1046,1071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1–2.5 mm</quantity>
in diam. ............................................................................ 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9F3A60FF35FBA9827CFB51" blockId="2.[136,787,983,1199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<keyLead id="C003166AFF9F3A60FF35FBA9827CFB51" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
1a. Leaves cordiform or ovate to lanceolate; flowers solitary; corolla tube funnelform; corolla throat pubescent; mature fruits with lenticels
<quantity id="BC0A18BAFF9F3A60FE30FB698096FB50" box="[397,504,1174,1199]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.1">0.1–1 mm</quantity>
in diam. ....................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C006ADFAFF9F3A60FF35FB3C827CFAA7" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9F3A60FF35FB3C827CFAE7" blockId="2.[136,786,1216,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<keyLead id="C003166AFF9F3A60FF35FB3C827CFAE7" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
2. Leaves obovate, 7–18 ×
<quantity id="BC0A18BAFF9F3A60FE04FB3F835CFB27" box="[441,562,1217,1241]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–8.5 cm</quantity>
; corolla throat white with red, purple or violet (and sometimes also green) spots ............................................ 1.
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FDFAFAFC827CFAE7" ID-CoL="9V3RK" box="[583,786,1281,1305]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antsirananensis">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FDFAFAFC827CFAE7" bold="true" box="[583,786,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">M. antsirananensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9F3A60FF35FADC827CFAA7" blockId="2.[136,786,1216,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<keyLead id="C003166AFF9F3A60FF35FADC827CFAA7" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
2a. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 10–30 ×
<quantity id="BC0A18BAFF9F3A60FD86FADF83D0FAC7" box="[571,702,1313,1337]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="0.65" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" unit="cm" value="10.5" valueMax="14.5" valueMin="6.5">6.5–14.5 cm</quantity>
; corolla throat uniformly purple to violet ... 2.
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FDEEFABC827CFAA7" ID-CoL="9V6HH" box="[595,786,1346,1369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atropurpureus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FDEEFABC827CFAA7" bold="true" box="[595,786,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">M. atropurpureus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C006ADFAFF9F3A60FF35FA92827CF9FA" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9F3A60FF35FA92827CFA3A" blockId="2.[136,787,1388,1540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<keyLead id="C003166AFF9F3A60FF35FA92827CFA3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
3. Leaves broadly ovate to cordiform; leaf length/width ratio 4:3 to 1:1; corolla lobes rounded to indented ............................................................. 3.
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FDC1FA53827CFA3A" ID-CoL="9V69F" box="[636,786,1452,1476]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maritimus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FDC1FA53827CFA3A" bold="true" box="[636,786,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">M. maritimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B4DB55FFF9F3A60FF35FA32827CF9FA" blockId="2.[136,787,1388,1540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<keyLead id="C003166AFF9F3A60FF35FA32827CF9FA" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
3a. Leaves ovate to lanceolate; leaf length/width ratio 3:1 to 3:2; corolla lobes acute ...................... 4.
<taxonomicName id="BCF2CEDCFF9F3A60FDD3FA13827CF9FA" ID-CoL="3ZBXB" box="[622,786,1516,1540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Melanoxerus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suavissimus">
<emphasis id="4986694DFF9F3A60FDD3FA13827CF9FA" bold="true" box="[622,786,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">M. suavissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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