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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df1b655b-cca5-4d1d-9f98-3325cac1b0b5" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1114-59" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6178235383C95376BA6CF9AB16151627" ID-ZooBank="210EC56B33514EEBBF6BCC1EA0BF42B2" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1114-59" checkinTime="1658784797716" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Mei-Hua, Shi, Sheng-Chao, Li, Cheng, Yan, Peng, Wang, Ping, Ding, Li, Du, Jie, Plenkovic-Moraj, Anđelka, Jiang, Jian-Ping &amp; Shi, Jing-Song" docDate="2022" docId="774B80B3FCF25623B361E6D8488FC62C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1114: 59-76" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1114" docPubDate="2022-07-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709" docTitle="Gloydius lateralis Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6553A5A1-6A2A-4605-B5F7-64724A2DAB7B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="6178235383C95376BA6CF9AB16151627" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="6178235383C95376BA6CF9AB16151627" masterDocTitle="Exploring cryptic biodiversity in a world heritage site: a new pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae) from Jiuzhaigou, Aba, Sichuan, China" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1658785722616" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Exploring cryptic biodiversity in a world heritage site: a new pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae) from Jiuzhaigou, Aba, Sichuan, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Mei-Hua</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>China-Croatia &quot; Belt and Road &quot; Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Shi, Sheng-Chao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>China-Croatia &quot; Belt and Road &quot; Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Cheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>China-Croatia &quot; Belt and Road &quot; Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yan, Peng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>China-Croatia &quot; Belt and Road &quot; Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China &amp; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Ping</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ding, Li</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2559-5755</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>China-Croatia &quot; Belt and Road &quot; Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Du, Jie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Plenkovic-Moraj, Anđelka</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Colleges of Life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110000, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jiang, Jian-Ping</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>China-Croatia &quot; Belt and Road &quot; Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jiangjp@cib.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shi, Jing-Song</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-1734</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve Administrative Bureau, Zhangzha Town, Jiuzhaigou 623402, China &amp; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">shijingsong@ivpp.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="results">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6553A5A1-6A2A-4605-B5F7-64724A2DAB7B" authority="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis" status="sp. nov.">Gloydius lateralis Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="59">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. in life, adult female, CIB 119377 (JZ 02) A dorsolateral view B ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719077" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Head squamation of holotype of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. CIB 119377 (JZ 02) A lateral view B ventral view C dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719078" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Paratypes of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. in life A, B CIB 119379 (JZ 04), adult female in dorsolateral and ventral views C, D CIB 119378 (JZ 03), adult female in dorsolateral and ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719079" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Lateral (dorsolateral) heads of the alpine pitvipers (Gloydius) distributed in Sichuan and Tibet (not to scales) A G. lateralis sp. nov., CIB 119377 (JZ 02), female, from Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan B G. swild, IVPP OV 2725, female, from Heishui, Sichuan C G. angusticeps, IVPP OV 2634, male, from Zoige, Sichuan D G. liupanensis, male, from Longnan, Gansu E G. qinlingensis, male, from Ningshaan, Shaanxi F G. strauchi, SYNU 1508 G 4, male, from Litang, Sichuan G G. lipipengi, IVPP OV 2720, male, from Zayu, Tibet H G. rubromaculatus, male, from Yushu, Qinghai (not included in this study) I G. huangi, CIB 533422012, male, from Hola, Mangkang. Copyright: Sheng-Chao Shi (A, I), Jing-Song Shi (B, C, E, F, G, H), Zu-Yao Xia (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719080" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lateral (dorsolateral) view of the alpine pitvipers (Gloydius strauchi complex) that distributed in Sichuan and Tibet (not to scales); the lateral stripes are pointed by arrows A G. lateralis sp. nov., CIB 119377 (JZ 02), female, from Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan B G. swild, IVPP OV 2725, female, from Heishui, Sichuan C G. angusticeps, male, from Golog, Qinghai (not included in this study) D G. liupanensis, male, from Longnan, Gansu E G. qinlingensis, male, from Ningshaan, Shaanxi F G. strauchi, from Sichuan G G. lipipengi, IVPP OV 2720, male, from Zayu, Tibet H G. rubromaculatus, male from Yushu, Qinghai I G. huangi, CIB 533422012, male, from Hola, Mangkang. Copyright: Sheng-Chao Shi (A, I), Jing-Song Shi (B, E, G, H), Hong Zhao (C), Zu-Yao Xia (D) and Zhi-Yuan Tang (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719081" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">, 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="chresonymy">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Chresonymy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bedriaga" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius strauchi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strauchi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius strauchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<bibRefCitation author="Li, C" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="74 - 77" refId="B7" refString="Li, C, Sun, ZY, Cai, YS, Liu, SY, Ran, JH, Liu, ZJ, Wang, YZ, 2004. The Herpetofaunal Diversity in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China. Chinese Journal of Zoology 39 (2): 74 - 77" title="The Herpetofaunal Diversity in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China." volume="39" year="2004">Li et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
CIB 119377 (collection number: JZ02, Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. in life, adult female, CIB 119377 (JZ 02) A dorsolateral view B ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719077" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">2</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Head squamation of holotype of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. CIB 119377 (JZ 02) A lateral view B ventral view C dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719078" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">3</figureCitation>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="аdult">adult</normalizedToken>
female, collected from Zharu Valley, Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China (
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.26" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.26">33.26°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="103.93" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="103.93">103.93°E</geoCoordinate>
, 2072 m a.s.l.), leg. Chun-Lin Zhao, Peng Yan, and Tao Yang, 8 Jun. 2021.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719077" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in life, adult female, CIB 119377 (JZ02) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
dorsolateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719078" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Head squamation of holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. CIB 119377 (JZ02) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
ventral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
Three adult females: IVPP OV 2727, CIB 119378, and CIB 119379 (JZ01, JZ03, and JZ04; Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Paratypes of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. in life A, B CIB 119379 (JZ 04), adult female in dorsolateral and ventral views C, D CIB 119378 (JZ 03), adult female in dorsolateral and ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719079" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">4</figureCitation>
), leg. Peng Yan and Mei-Hua Zhang 31 Aug. 2021. Four adult females (SAFS2021001-SAFS2021004), leg. Ping Wang, Jun. 2021; one adult male (CIB 87280), leg. Cheng Li, 23 May 2002. All paratypes were collected from the same locality of the holotype.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719079" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Paratypes of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in life 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">A, B</emphasis>
CIB 119379 (JZ04), adult female in dorsolateral and ventral views 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">C, D</emphasis>
CIB119378 (JZ03), adult female in dorsolateral and ventral views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="diagnoses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Diagnoses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
The above-mentioned specimens were identified as members of the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoge &amp; Romano-Hoge" authorityYear="1981" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the small body size, bilateral pits, and divided subcaudal scales (
<bibRefCitation author="Zhao, EM" journalOrPublisher="BMC Genomics" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="B21" refString="Zhao, EM, 2006. Snakes of China. Volume I. Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, Hefei, 118-129." title="Snakes of China. Volume I. Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, Hefei, 118 - 129." year="2006">Zhao 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13859/j.cjz.201605008" author="Shi, JS" journalOrPublisher="Chinese Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="777 - 798" refId="B11" refString="Shi, JS, Yang, DW, Zhang, WY, Qi, S, Li, PP, Ding, L, 2016. Distribution and intraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys - Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae). Chinese Journal of Zoology 51 (5): 777 - 798, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13859/j.cjz.201605008" title="Distribution and intraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys - Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.13859/j.cjz.201605008" volume="51" year="2016">Shi et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003134" author="Shi, JS" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="517 - 532" refId="B12" refString="Shi, JS, Wang, G, Chen, XE, Fang, YH, Ding, L, Huang, S, Hou, M, Liu, J, Li, PP, 2017. A new moth-preying alpine pitviper species from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Viperidae, Crotalinae). Amphibia-Reptilia 38 (4): 517 - 532, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003134" title="A new moth-preying alpine pitviper species from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Viperidae, Crotalinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003134" volume="38" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2018-25-2-126-138" author="Shi, JS" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="126 - 138" refId="B13" refString="Shi, JS, Yang, DC, Zhang, WY, Peng, LF, Orlov, N, Jiang, F, Ding, L, Hou, M, Huang, XL, Huang, S, Li, PP, 2018. A new species of the Gloydius strauchi complex (Crotalinae: Viperidae: Serpentes) from Qinghai, Sichuan, and Gansu, China. Russian Journal of Herpetology 25 (2): 126 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2018-25-2-126-138" title="A new species of the Gloydius strauchi complex (Crotalinae: Viperidae: Serpentes) from Qinghai, Sichuan, and Gansu, China." url="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2018-25-2-126-138" volume="25" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1061.70420" author="Shi, JS" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="87 - 108" refId="B14" refString="Shi, JS, Liu, JC, Giri, R, Owens, JB, Santra, V, Kuttalam, S, Selvan, M, Guo, KJ, Malhotra, A, 2021. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gloydius (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae), with descriptions of two new alpine species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. ZooKeys 1061: 87 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1061.70420" title="Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gloydius (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae), with descriptions of two new alpine species from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1061.70420" volume="1061" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from other congeneric species by a combination of the following characteristics: (1) relatively larger eyes (ED/HL: 0.145-0.171, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">n</emphasis>
= 5); (2) three palatine teeth; (3) 20 or 21 rows of mid-body dorsal scales; (4) ventrals 151-163 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">n</emphasis>
= 9); (5) subcaudals 38-49 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">n</emphasis>
= 6); (6) dorsal body laurel green or light brown with four rows of zigzag, dark brown patches, the medial two rows separated from each other by alternate phyllotaxis pattern in background color; (7) continuous, regular greyish-brown ventrolateral stripe on each side of body and tail.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Comparisons.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
Compared to other species in the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoge &amp; Romano-Hoge" authorityYear="1981" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has continuous, regular greyish-brown and pale, greyish-white ventrolateral stripes on both sides (vs disconnected white upper bordered ventrolateral stripes in 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. qinlingensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. qinlingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. liupanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="liupanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. liupanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; lacking the ventrolateral stripes in other congeneric species), and relatively larger eyes than the congeneric species (the ratio between the eye diameter and head length ranges from 0.145-0.171 in 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. vs &lt;0.134 in others).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be differentiated from the species in the 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. blomhoffii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="blomhoffii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. blomhoffii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by having three palatine teeth (vs four), from the 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. halys" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="halys">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. halys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex by having 20 or 21 rows of mid-body dorsal scales (vs 22 or 23).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
For species in the 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. strauchi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="strauchi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. strauchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be differentiated from 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. monticola" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 20 or 21 rows of mid-body dorsal scales (vs 19 in 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. monticola" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. monticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Given the similar to 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. angusticeps" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. angusticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be differentiated from the latter by the larger eyes (ED/HL 0.145-0.171 vs 0.104-0.119) and the ticker postorbital stripes. Additionally, the ventrolateral stripes sometimes appear in some other 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoge &amp; Romano-Hoge" authorityYear="1981" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, such as 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. qinlingensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. qinlingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. liupanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="liupanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. liupanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from them by having the ventrolateral stripe lacking a white upper edge. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. strauchi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="strauchi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. strauchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. rubromaculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="rubromaculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. rubromaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lipipengi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lipipengi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lipipengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. huangi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="huangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. huangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the triangular head in dorsal view (vs spoon-shaped head: Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Lateral (dorsolateral) heads of the alpine pitvipers (Gloydius) distributed in Sichuan and Tibet (not to scales) A G. lateralis sp. nov., CIB 119377 (JZ 02), female, from Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan B G. swild, IVPP OV 2725, female, from Heishui, Sichuan C G. angusticeps, IVPP OV 2634, male, from Zoige, Sichuan D G. liupanensis, male, from Longnan, Gansu E G. qinlingensis, male, from Ningshaan, Shaanxi F G. strauchi, SYNU 1508 G 4, male, from Litang, Sichuan G G. lipipengi, IVPP OV 2720, male, from Zayu, Tibet H G. rubromaculatus, male, from Yushu, Qinghai (not included in this study) I G. huangi, CIB 533422012, male, from Hola, Mangkang. Copyright: Sheng-Chao Shi (A, I), Jing-Song Shi (B, C, E, F, G, H), Zu-Yao Xia (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719080" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lateral (dorsolateral) view of the alpine pitvipers (Gloydius strauchi complex) that distributed in Sichuan and Tibet (not to scales); the lateral stripes are pointed by arrows A G. lateralis sp. nov., CIB 119377 (JZ 02), female, from Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan B G. swild, IVPP OV 2725, female, from Heishui, Sichuan C G. angusticeps, male, from Golog, Qinghai (not included in this study) D G. liupanensis, male, from Longnan, Gansu E G. qinlingensis, male, from Ningshaan, Shaanxi F G. strauchi, from Sichuan G G. lipipengi, IVPP OV 2720, male, from Zayu, Tibet H G. rubromaculatus, male from Yushu, Qinghai I G. huangi, CIB 533422012, male, from Hola, Mangkang. Copyright: Sheng-Chao Shi (A, I), Jing-Song Shi (B, E, G, H), Hong Zhao (C), Zu-Yao Xia (D) and Zhi-Yuan Tang (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719081" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719080" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Lateral (dorsolateral) heads of the alpine pitvipers (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoge &amp; Romano-Hoge" authorityYear="1981" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) distributed in Sichuan and Tibet (not to scales) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., CIB 119377 (JZ02), female, from Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. swild" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="swild">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. swild</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, IVPP OV 2725, female, from Heishui, Sichuan 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. angusticeps" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. angusticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, IVPP OV 2634, male, from Zoige, Sichuan 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. liupanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="liupanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. liupanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, from Longnan, Gansu 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. qinlingensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. qinlingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, from Ningshaan, Shaanxi 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. strauchi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="strauchi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. strauchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SYNU1508G4, male, from Litang, Sichuan 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lipipengi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lipipengi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lipipengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, IVPP OV 2720, male, from Zayu, Tibet 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. rubromaculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="rubromaculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. rubromaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, from Yushu, Qinghai (not included in this study) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. huangi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="huangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. huangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CIB 533422012, male, from Hola, Mangkang. Copyright: Sheng-Chao Shi (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">A, I</emphasis>
), Jing-Song Shi (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">B, C, E, F, G, H</emphasis>
), Zu-Yao Xia (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719081" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Lateral (dorsolateral) view of the alpine pitvipers (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bedriaga" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius strauchi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strauchi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius strauchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex) that distributed in Sichuan and Tibet (not to scales); the lateral stripes are pointed by arrows 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., CIB 119377 (JZ02), female, from Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. swild" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="swild">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. swild</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, IVPP OV 2725, female, from Heishui, Sichuan 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. angusticeps" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. angusticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, from Golog, Qinghai (not included in this study) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. liupanensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="liupanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. liupanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, from Longnan, Gansu 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. qinlingensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. qinlingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, from Ningshaan, Shaanxi 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. strauchi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="strauchi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. strauchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Sichuan 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lipipengi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lipipengi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lipipengi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, IVPP OV 2720, male, from Zayu, Tibet 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. rubromaculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="rubromaculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. rubromaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male from Yushu, Qinghai 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. huangi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="huangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. huangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CIB 533422012, male, from Hola, Mangkang. Copyright: Sheng-Chao Shi (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">A, I</emphasis>
), Jing-Song Shi (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">B, E, G, H</emphasis>
), Hong Zhao (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
), Zu-Yao Xia (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
) and Zhi-Yuan Tang (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi, Liu, Giri, Owens, Santra, Kuttalam, Melvan, Guo &amp; Malhotra" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius swild" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swild">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius swild</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is another species from Heishui, Aba, Sichuan (female holotype IVPP OV 2725 and paratype IVPP OV 2726) that is phylogenetically most closely related to 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., but 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. swild" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="swild">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. swild</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from the latter by significant branch lengths and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">p</emphasis>
-distance (6.1%). 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. swild" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="swild">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. swild</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having fewer ventrals 151-163 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">n</emphasis>
= 9) (vs 168-170, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">n</emphasis>
= 2), laurel-green dorsal body with deep-colored patches (vs dark, greyish-brown background dorsal color), relatively larger eyes (ED/HL 14.5-17.1%, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">n</emphasis>
= 5 vs 11.5-13.4%, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">n</emphasis>
= 2), the thicker postorbital stripes (2/3 the width of the anterior temporal vs half the width of the anterior temporal), and the regular greyish-brown ventrolateral stripes (vs irregular ventrolateral stripes).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
CIB 119377 (JZ02), adult female, body slender, medium-sized, tail short (SVL 440.0 mm, TL 58.0 mm, TL/TTL 0.116). Head triangular in dorsal view, 1.45 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of the width, distinct from the neck (HW 15.1 mm, HL 21.9 mm, HH 8.3 mm); snout bluntly protruding (SL 6.4 mm) from dorsal view; upper jaw slightly protruding beyond lower jaw; rostral scales barely seem from dorsal view; canthus rostralis blunt; eyes relatively large (ED 3.2 mm), pupil vertical, ED/HL 0. 146. Pupil vertical. Fang not exceeding third infralabial (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. in life, adult female, CIB 119377 (JZ 02) A dorsolateral view B ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719077" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName genus="Scalation" lsidName="Scalation" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Scalation</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Internals wider than long, near right triangular (IN 4.4 mm); prefrontals larger, pentagonal; frontal shield-like; the curve edges of two parietals contacting 13 small scales posterior to frontal and supraoculars; supraocular large, slightly smaller than frontal (IOS 7.8 mm); remaining dorsal head scales smaller posteriorly, first few rows irregular and smooth, gradually rhomboidal and keeled posteriorly. Nasals partially divided into two parts by two disconnected vertical sutures touching rear edge of nostril; two loreals, upper loreal forms part of canthus rostralis, lower loreals distinctly smaller and join pit; preoculars 3/2 (left/right), upmost forms part of canthus rostralis, lower join the pit; postoculars 2/2, upper pair small, lower pair larger, and crescent-shaped, surrounding about one-third of eye, touching third supralabial; temporals 2+3/2+2. Supralabials 6/6: first supralabial in contact with both parts of nasals; second supralabial smallest, fourth and fifth supralabials longest; third supralabial reaching the bottom of orbit; fourth supralabial slightly larger than the following. Infralabials 10/10; first pair extends behind mental, first four pairs narrow and touching chin shields, fifth and sixth infralabials largest, similar in size; one pair of chin shields enlarged, forming a distinct mental groove. Dorsal body scales rhombic with matte surface, keeled except the rows bordering ventrals, increasing in size from medial to lateral; dorsal scales rows 20-20-15; ventral scales 158; anal undivided; subcaudal scales 45 pairs (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Head squamation of holotype of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. CIB 119377 (JZ 02) A lateral view B ventral view C dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719078" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
Coloration in life (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. in life, adult female, CIB 119377 (JZ 02) A dorsolateral view B ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719077" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Paratypes of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. in life A, B CIB 119379 (JZ 04), adult female in dorsolateral and ventral views C, D CIB 119378 (JZ 03), adult female in dorsolateral and ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719079" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">4</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lateral (dorsolateral) view of the alpine pitvipers (Gloydius strauchi complex) that distributed in Sichuan and Tibet (not to scales); the lateral stripes are pointed by arrows A G. lateralis sp. nov., CIB 119377 (JZ 02), female, from Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan B G. swild, IVPP OV 2725, female, from Heishui, Sichuan C G. angusticeps, male, from Golog, Qinghai (not included in this study) D G. liupanensis, male, from Longnan, Gansu E G. qinlingensis, male, from Ningshaan, Shaanxi F G. strauchi, from Sichuan G G. lipipengi, IVPP OV 2720, male, from Zayu, Tibet H G. rubromaculatus, male from Yushu, Qinghai I G. huangi, CIB 533422012, male, from Hola, Mangkang. Copyright: Sheng-Chao Shi (A, I), Jing-Song Shi (B, E, G, H), Hong Zhao (C), Zu-Yao Xia (D) and Zhi-Yuan Tang (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719081" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">6</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Description based on observation immediately after shedding. Dorsal head gray with distinct smoky-black markings resembling a human in half squat; one gray patch present on middle of frontal; one gray U-shaped marking present on parietals. Lateral head light gray; postorbital stripe otter brown, wider than half of the largest anterior temporal, extending to lateral neck, without white margins; supralabials and infralabials light gray without conspicuous spots; iris bicolored, upper one-third gold, lower part marbled with smoky black; edges of pupil gold. Ventral head white; one faint yellow-orange stripe present on inner edges of infralabials and adjacent edges of contacting scales on both lateral sides of the lower lip. Tone uniformly purple-taupe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Dorsal body laurel green; two rows of pine-needle colored irregular patches present on dorsolateral body behind head markings, each patch involving several scales (mostly 4-8) on seventh to higher dorsal scale rows, and partially connected or separated by one laurel-green scale; vertebral scales mostly laurel green, forming an alternate phyllotaxis pattern on the body after neck; a row of copper patches present on both sides of lateral body behind postorbital stripe, involving several scales (5-7) on dorsal scale rows 3-6, also partially connected or separated by one laurel-green scale. Ventral body white right behind head, mottled with sparse smoky-black spots, gradually dense to posterior; a distinct, continuous, regular, greyish-brown ventrolateral stripe present on each side of body, behind faint yellow-orange stripe, lie on junction of ventrals and lower edge of first dorsal scales. Dorsal tail smoky black, covered with a dozen of small, laurel-green patches or transverse bands. Ventral tail laurel green with dense, smoky-black spots, continuous, regular, greyish brown, extending from body to middle of ventrolateral tail. Skin between all dorsal scales black. Front edge of most dorsal scales dyed black.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719082" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Maximum-likelihood tree of the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hoge &amp; Romano-Hoge" authorityYear="1981" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on 12S, 16S, COI, ND4 and cytb sequences, with the maximum likelihood bootstrap supports (left, regular) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right, italic) displayed on the nodes (those &lt;50% are displayed as 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“-”">&quot;-&quot;</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Variations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
Measurements and body scalation variations are listed in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. and other species of the genus from eastern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/05AFB0F491F4554FB4F93338C98EA882" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="05AFB0F491F4554FB4F93338C98EA882">1</tableCitation>
. One of the paratypes, CIB 119378 (JZ03) has a more deeply brown background color than other specimens, dorsal scales on body ginger, and lateral patches on body chestnut; ventrolateral stripes saddle brown. A small, dark-brown spot presents on the middle of the posterior head of one of the paratypes CIB 119378 (JZ03), IVPP OV 2727 (JZ01). Postoculars 3/3 in CIB 87280, IVPP OV 2727 (JZ01); 2/3 in CIB 119379 (JZ04).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the unique continuous, regular, greyish-brown ventrolateral stripes at the junction of ventrals and the first row of dorsal scales. The common name is suggested as &quot;Jiuzhai pitviper&quot; in English, &quot;Jiǔ 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zhài">Zhai</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fù”">Fu&quot;</normalizedToken>
(九寨蝮) in Chinese, refer to its type locality, JNNR.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
At present, 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is only known from JNNR, Sichuan, China. The type specimens were collected from the middle of June to the end of August. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is active on sunny days by the roadside in a hot, dry valley (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. A, C Macrohabitats and D microhabitats of Gloydius lateralis sp. nov. at the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve. Note that another Protobothrops jerdonii sympatric to G. lateralis sp. nov. is shown in B." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719083" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">8</figureCitation>
). This species is sympatric with 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Protobothrops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protobothrops jerdonii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Protobothrops jerdonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" genus="Rhabdophis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhabdophis nuchalis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nuchalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Rhabdophis nuchalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Greer" authorityYear="1974" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Scincella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scincella tsinlingensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsinlingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Scincella tsinlingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The food spectrum of the new species includes small mammals based on a small patch of fur observed in feces. They fed on suckling mice in captivity.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1114.79709.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719083" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">A, C</emphasis>
Macrohabitats and 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">D</emphasis>
microhabitats of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang, Shi, Jiang &amp; Shi" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Gloydius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gloydius lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Gloydius lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. at the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve. Note that another 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Protobothrops" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protobothrops jerdonii" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Protobothrops jerdonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sympatric to 
<taxonomicName family="Viperidae" genus="G." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. lateralis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">G. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is shown in 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>