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<document id="B0810715ED2C25B258660D9539B733EC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5358376" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5358376" ID-ZooBank="6D4EE4A2-C237-4338-AE8F-77C4F2292B2D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630224338680" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Yu, Meng-Chen, Chan, Benny K. K., Achituv, Yair &amp; Kolbasov, Gregory A." docDate="2017" docId="A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51" docLanguage="en" docName="65rbz585-615.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A.5:RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleId="F2D34FF25DBF9998BB8DF6F24A5B097A" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2014-2018.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Acasta sandwichi Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov 2017, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="358520EF-A1DD-49BB-8459-84FAA35C1E61" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="613" masterDocId="5808DE773D12757AFF9CFFE7FFD56364" masterDocTitle="Four new sponge-inhabiting barnacles of the genus Acasta (Thoracica: Archaeobalanidae: Acastinae) from the Indo-Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="615" masterPageNumber="585" pageNumber="606" updateTime="1699191723127" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="6337AB526696FD9097D0B70BC9A34D19" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4BEA8E9B27537BADE16022FBB7C2E56A">
<mods:title id="EA29458A0ED94B0A5E65CA91F88FFC82">Four new sponge-inhabiting barnacles of the genus Acasta (Thoracica: Archaeobalanidae: Acastinae) from the Indo-Pacific</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2B96DE609245D37B544A6F065AD70C4F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1176F821F3D096F833E501C369DF5122">
<mods:roleTerm id="0189B2431117EDE1297A65E30570F071">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2F4E1299D914C41BF44A91E7C3147E51">Yu, Meng-Chen</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3842C37609C077600DC2E0AA6F52840E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="22BB982A0CB0FD3351B270F170B7D490">
<mods:roleTerm id="6C781A5EA94005416A164B1C61E6AD60">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BB037EF6C9FEE3373A55A4CEF313DD74">Chan, Benny K. K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0D6DC569C27DA940670E02AC068F6D26" type="personal">
<mods:role id="042470CA59C002B9E0CB2866075E8CF6">
<mods:roleTerm id="F0CD3DEE5CD50CDF0934BFC5ABEAE2FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E565765FA46AA168A3A45F67B257A929">Achituv, Yair</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E7290413475F455F4328225AA70B70B0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BEF0361D2BA134B7515A51D4715EC953">
<mods:roleTerm id="9E013AB445E4D1571A9BBAAF35A87D5C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F38FAF689FED12AB8595285916F78D6A">Kolbasov, Gregory A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5C654C4DAC9070F13D1A2775863D9982">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8B719B6D879D2DCB1CBCA25D17C4EEF4" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="672AE1E97F4AC9D1A1B022214B1F04FD">
<mods:title id="5D0CDC71ABE4ED31FAE57EE34CFCCC4F">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="19ADB51A69D10794145A92867D87D7D3">
<mods:date id="690CA4AA412971C9A314112471450F56">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="003505EA257DEA03C85002B8358D4EF4" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="56593D94FF83D9A45BC879F2DD111072">2017-11-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="80DFBDDF21C0F1D84E230C2DBC1BFDD9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3B3098D5A0755280DDEB3EE147691708">65</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="E02388F084569D368AAB972B3BD4E606" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2056139876D80C65CB033830902A1850">585</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="EB52157715F65D7567C90E75D8B9158D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E83DACBBF1DD6A41581FA12B1FE8ACCC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5358376</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9CC973E33CDDA7D05806C115702CBAAB" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6082F2EE093B0A331637E91DCF81EEB8" type="Zenodo-Dep">5358376</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0FE4C3117AE9D2AB58CCEE7657E41E3F" type="ZooBank">6D4EE4A2-C237-4338-AE8F-77C4F2292B2D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:358520EF-A1DD-49BB-8459-84FAA35C1E61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="613" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">
<subSubSection id="648244923D07756FFE9BF8D4FD8F642F" box="[263,602,1843,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D07756FFE9BF8D4FD8F642F" blockId="21.[263,602,1843,1899]" box="[263,602,1843,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">
<heading id="776FA0753D07756FFE9BF8D4FD8F642F" box="[263,602,1843,1867]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D07756FFE9BF8D4FE1C642F" authority="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov, 2017" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[263,457,1843,1867]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D07756FFE9BF8D4FE1C642F" bold="true" box="[263,457,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DF76703D07756FFE44F8D3FD8F642F" box="[472,602,1843,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="648244923D07756FFEF5F8B4FE2C640F" box="[361,505,1875,1899]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="description">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D07756FFEF5F8B4FE2C640F" blockId="21.[263,602,1843,1899]" box="[361,505,1875,1899]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">
(
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D07756FFEECF8B4FE24640F" box="[368,497,1875,1899]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStart-6="Fig" captionStartId-0="22.[136,171,1938,1960]" captionStartId-1="23.[113,148,1939,1961]" captionStartId-2="24.[136,171,1303,1325]" captionStartId-3="24.[135,170,2064,2086]" captionStartId-4="25.[113,148,2002,2024]" captionStartId-5="26.[135,170,1894,1916]" captionStartId-6="27.[113,148,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1473,228,1923]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1451,285,1923]" captionTargetBox-2="[135,1473,189,1288]" captionTargetBox-3="[272,1337,1409,2048]" captionTargetBox-4="[113,1451,226,1986]" captionTargetBox-5="[137,1473,329,1878]" captionTargetBox-6="[114,1451,299,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@22.[132,1476,225,1924]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@23.[110,1454,282,1926]" captionTargetId-2="figure-8@24.[132,1476,186,1291]" captionTargetId-3="figure-34@24.[270,1337,1406,2051]" captionTargetId-4="figure-11@25.[110,1454,222,1989]" captionTargetId-5="figure-8@26.[133,1477,326,1881]" captionTargetId-6="figure-133@27.[110,1454,295,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="24" captionTargetPageId-4="25" captionTargetPageId-5="26" captionTargetPageId-6="27" captionText-0="Fig. 22. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., shell, general view and compartments (holotype: A, B, D–H; paratype: C, I, J). A, B, Complete shell, left and right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; C, Complete shell, right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; D, E, Rostrum, external and internal surface; F, Carinolatus 2, internal surface; G, H, Carinolatus 1, internal and external surface; I, Rostrum, internal surface; J, Carina, internal surface. Abbreviations: ba = basis, ca = carina, cl1 = carinolatus 1, cl2 = carinolatus 2, r = rostrum. Scale bars in µm." captionText-1="Fig. 23. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., opercular plates and basis (holotype: A–H, paratype: I). A, B, Right scutum, external and internal view; C, D, Left scutum, external and internal view; E, F, Left tergum, external and internal view; G, H, Right tergum, external and internal view; I, Basis, internal view. Scale bars in µm." captionText-2="Fig. 24. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (holotype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, C, Mandibles; D, E, Maxillules. Scale bars in µm." captionText-3="Fig. 25. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri and penis (holotype). A, Cirrus IV, basal and middle annuli; B, Distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm." captionText-4="Fig. 26. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (SEM, paratype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, Crests of labrum with ctenoid scales; C, Upper part of mandibular palp; D, Mandible; E, Lower part of mandible; F, Biserrate setae on lateral surface of mandible; G, Maxillule; H, Upper part of maxillule; I, Cutting edge of maxillule. Abbreviations: lb = labrum, mdp = mandibular palp. Scale bars in µm." captionText-5="Fig. 27. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., maxillae and penis (SEM, paratype). A, B, Maxillae, lateral and outer surface; C, Distal lobes of maxillae, upper parts; D, Proximal lobe of maxilla, lateral view (stub setae indicated by arrowheads); E, Basal part of penis (basidorsal point indicated by asterisk). Abbreviations: c4 to c6 = cirri IV to cirri VI, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." captionText-6="Fig. 28. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri (SEM, paratype). A, Left pairs of cirri with penis; B, Cirrus I; C, Annuli of rami of cirrus I; D, Terminal annuli of anterior ramus of cirrus I; E, Cirrus II; F, Middle annuli of cirrus II; G, Cirrus III; H, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus III; I, Cirrus IV; J, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus IV; K, Cirrus V; L, Middle annuli of cirrus V. Abbreviations: ar = anterior ramus, c2 to c6 = cirri II to cirri VI, lb = labrum, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358425" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358427" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358429" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358431" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358434" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358436" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358438" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5358425/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5358427/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5358429/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5358431/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5358434/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5358436/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5358438/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Figs. 22–28</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="648244923D07756FFFEDF874FC5165CF" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D07756FFFEDF874FC5165CF" blockId="21.[113,753,1939,2091]" lastBlockId="21.[813,1452,1491,1707]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D07756FFFEDF874FE9264CF" bold="true" box="[113,327,1939,1963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9CF01D443D07756FFED0F873FE1D648F" country="Taiwan" county="Wanli" location="Daping" municipality="Yeliou" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
Four specimens (
<typeStatus id="F323A9BB3D07756FFE65F874FD8064CF" box="[505,597,1939,1963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="F323A9BB3D07756FFD18F874FD3C64CF" box="[644,745,1939,1963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
) in the sponge
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D07756FFE93F853FD3964AF" authority="(Lamarck, 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[271,748,1971,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="testudinaria">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D07756FFE93F853FDFF64AF" box="[271,554,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Xestospongia testudinaria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="48096AE83D07756FFDA6F854FD3164AF" author="Lamarck JBP &amp; De Monet Comte De" box="[570,740,1971,1995]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" pagination="331 - 340" refId="ref11814" refString="Lamarck JBP &amp; De Monet Comte De (1815 [1814]). Suite des polypiers empates. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 1: 69 - 80, 162 - 168, 331 - 340." type="journal article" year="1815">Lamarck, 1815</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<location id="294741C23D07756FFFEDF834FF17648F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51:294741C23D07756FFFEDF834FF17648F" box="[113,194,2003,2027]" country="Taiwan" county="Wanli" municipality="Yeliou" name="Daping" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Daping</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="CC438D633D07756FFF52F834FECC648F" box="[206,281,2003,2027]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Yeliou</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="C5466F953D07756FFEB9F834FEBC648F" box="[293,361,2003,2027]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Wanli</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="548F57893D07756FFEE9F834FE1D648F" box="[373,456,2003,2027]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="9CF01D443D07756FFE4FF834FC5565CF" collectionCode="SCUBA" country="Taiwan" county="Academia Sinica" elevation="18" latitude="25.212502" location="The" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.70111" municipality="Biodiversity Research Center" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" specimenCode="ASIZCR000378, ASIZCR000380" specimenCount="18" typeStatus="holotype">
<geoCoordinate id="49AC71DE3D07756FFE4FF834FD80648F" box="[467,597,2002,2027]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" precision="15" seconds="45" value="25.212502">25°12′45″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="49AC71DE3D07756FFDFCF834FD39648F" box="[608,748,2002,2027]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" precision="15" seconds="04" value="121.70111">121°42′04″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectionCode id="4A898FDC3D07756FFFEDF814FF1B6B6F" box="[113,206,2035,2059]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">SCUBA</collectionCode>
diving, depth
<specimenCount id="3A9EDC903D07756FFE18F814FE1C6B6F" box="[388,457,2035,2059]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="generic">
<quantity id="EB60BAFC3D07756FFE18F814FE106B6F" box="[388,453,2035,2059]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" unit="m" value="18.0">
<elevation id="A7B5F02A3D07756FFE18F814FE106B6F" box="[388,453,2035,2059]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<location id="294741C23D07756FFE49F814FDD46B6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51:294741C23D07756FFE49F814FDD46B6F" box="[469,513,2035,2059]" country="Taiwan" county="Academia Sinica" latitude="25.212502" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.70111" municipality="Biodiversity Research Center" name="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">The</location>
<typeStatus id="F323A9BB3D07756FFD91F814FDA76B6F" box="[525,626,2035,2059]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(dry shell compartments, mouth parts and cirri mounted in glycerol on glass slide) and
<typeStatus id="F323A9BB3D07756FFB98FA33FBB56688" box="[1028,1120,1492,1516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(shell in EtOH) are deposited in the
<location id="294741C23D07756FFCE6FA14FA7E656F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51:294741C23D07756FFCE6FA14FA7E656F" box="[890,1451,1523,1547]" country="Taiwan" county="Academia Sinica" latitude="25.212502" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.70111" municipality="Biodiversity Research Center" name="Zoological Museum of Moscow State University" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Zoological Museum of Moscow State University</location>
under registration numbers
<location id="294741C23D07756FFBC3F9F3FB516548" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51:294741C23D07756FFBC3F9F3FB516548" box="[1119,1156,1556,1580]" country="Taiwan" county="Academia Sinica" latitude="25.212502" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.70111" municipality="Biodiversity Research Center" name="Mg" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Mg</location>
–1228 (
<typeStatus id="F323A9BB3D07756FFB4BF9F4FAED654F" box="[1239,1336,1555,1579]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) and
<location id="294741C23D07756FFAE6F9F3FA4A6548" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51:294741C23D07756FFAE6F9F3FA4A6548" box="[1402,1439,1556,1580]" country="Taiwan" county="Academia Sinica" latitude="25.212502" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.70111" municipality="Biodiversity Research Center" name="Mg" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Mg</location>
– 1229 (
<typeStatus id="F323A9BB3D07756FFCE8F9D4FC02652F" box="[884,983,1587,1611]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
).
<location id="294741C23D07756FFC70F9D4FBC3652F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51:294741C23D07756FFC70F9D4FBC3652F" box="[1004,1046,1587,1611]" country="Taiwan" county="Academia Sinica" latitude="25.212502" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.70111" municipality="Biodiversity Research Center" name="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">The</location>
other
<typeStatus id="F323A9BB3D07756FFBFEF9D3FB1C6528" box="[1122,1225,1588,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="7C3EBF623D07756FFB46F9D4FA59652F" box="[1242,1420,1587,1611]" collectionCode="ASIZCR" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">ASIZCR000378</specimenCode>
to
<specimenCode id="7C3EBF623D07756FFCB1F9B4FC0B650F" box="[813,990,1619,1643]" collectionCode="ASIZCR" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">ASIZCR000380</specimenCode>
) are deposited in the
<location id="294741C23D07756FFB5CF9B4FC5865EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A431A60F3D077566FE9BF8D4FAFB6B51:294741C23D07756FFB5CF9B4FC5865EF" country="Taiwan" county="Academia Sinica" latitude="25.212502" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.70111" municipality="Biodiversity Research Center" name="Biodiversity Research Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Biodiversity Research Museum</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="CC438D633D07756FFC07F994FB0B65EF" box="[923,1246,1651,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Biodiversity Research Center</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="C5466F953D07756FFB70F994FA7265EF" box="[1260,1447,1651,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Academia Sinica</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="548F57893D07756FFCB1F974FC5565CF" box="[813,896,1683,1707]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="648244923D07756FFCB1F934FAB464AF" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D07756FFCB1F934FAB464AF" blockId="21.[812,1452,1747,1996]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D07756FFCB1F934FC49658F" bold="true" box="[813,924,1747,1771]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Shellwhitepinkishorwhitebrown, semitransparent, with 6 conspicuous windows between wall plates; parietes with wide radii and alae; inner lamina with longitudinal ribs; basis saucer-shaped, denticulated margin with 6 notches; scutum without distinct radial striation; spur of tergum ~1/3 width of basal margin; anterior ramus of cirrus IV with small, sharp denticles; penis with basidorsal point. Embedded in sponge
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D07756FFC1DF853FA8864AF" authority="(Lamarck, 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[897,1373,1971,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="testudinaria">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D07756FFC1DF853FB4F64AF" box="[897,1178,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Xestospongia testudinaria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="48096AE83D07756FFB30F854FA8064AF" author="Lamarck JBP &amp; De Monet Comte De" box="[1196,1365,1971,1995]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" pagination="331 - 340" refId="ref11814" refString="Lamarck JBP &amp; De Monet Comte De (1815 [1814]). Suite des polypiers empates. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 1: 69 - 80, 162 - 168, 331 - 340." type="journal article" year="1815">Lamarck, 1815</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="648244923D077566FCB1F814FA6E6631" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="613" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="description">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D07756FFCB1F814FA796B4F" blockId="21.[813,1452,2035,2091]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D07756FFCB1F814FC6C6B6F" bold="true" box="[813,953,2035,2059]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606">Description.</emphasis>
(Based on
<typeStatus id="F323A9BB3D07756FFBA0F814FB4A6B6F" box="[1084,1183,2035,2059]" pageId="21" pageNumber="606" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Shell white pinkish or white brown, semitransparent, slightly elongated in height,
</paragraph>
<caption id="78E747913D04756CFF14F875FDA96B7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5358425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358425/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="607" startId="22.[136,171,1938,1960]" targetBox="[136,1473,228,1923]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D04756CFF14F875FDA96B7F" blockId="22.[136,1476,1938,2075]" pageId="22" pageNumber="607">
Fig. 22.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D04756CFF46F875FE5164C3" authority="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov, 2017" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[218,388,1938,1959]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="22" pageNumber="607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D04756CFF46F875FE5164C3" box="[218,388,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="607">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DF76703D04756CFE10F875FE0964C3" box="[396,476,1938,1959]" pageId="22" pageNumber="607" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, shell, general view and compartments (holotype: A, B, D–H; paratype: C, I, J). A, B, Complete shell, left and right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; C, Complete shell, right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; D, E, Rostrum, external and internal surface; F, Carinolatus 2, internal surface; G, H, Carinolatus 1, internal and external surface; I, Rostrum, internal surface; J, Carina, internal surface. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D04756CFB88F80FFB91649A" box="[1044,1092,2024,2046]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="607">ba =</emphasis>
basis,
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D04756CFB15F80EFB62649A" box="[1161,1207,2025,2046]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="607">ca =</emphasis>
carina,
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D04756CFA94F80FFAE2649A" box="[1288,1335,2024,2046]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="607">
cl
<superScript id="DBEDBA513D04756CFA85F80FFAF56490" attach="left" box="[1305,1312,2024,2036]" fontSize="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="607">1</superScript>
=
</emphasis>
carinolatus 1,
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D04756CFF15F7E2FF6D6B7F" box="[137,184,2052,2075]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="607">
cl
<superScript id="DBEDBA513D04756CFF05F7E3FF756B74" attach="left" box="[153,160,2052,2064]" fontSize="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="607">2</superScript>
=
</emphasis>
carinolatus 2,
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D04756CFED1F7E1FEBB6B7F" box="[333,366,2054,2075]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="607">r =</emphasis>
rostrum. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="78E747913D05756DFFEDF874FD946486" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5358427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358427/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="608" startId="23.[113,148,1939,1961]" targetBox="[113,1451,285,1923]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D05756DFFEDF874FD946486" blockId="23.[113,1452,1939,2019]" pageId="23" pageNumber="608">
Fig. 23.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D05756DFF5DF874FEBF64CC" authority="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov, 2017" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[193,362,1939,1960]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="23" pageNumber="608" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D05756DFF5DF874FEBF64CC" box="[193,362,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="608">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DF76703D05756DFEECF874FE6B64CC" box="[368,446,1939,1960]" pageId="23" pageNumber="608" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, opercular plates and basis (holotype: A–H, paratype: I). A, B, Right scutum, external and internal view; C, D, Left scutum, external and internal view; E, F, Left tergum, external and internal view; G, H, Right tergum, external and internal view; I, Basis, internal view. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="78E747913D0A7562FF14FAF0FF2C662E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358429" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5358429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358429/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="609" startId="24.[136,171,1303,1325]" targetBox="[135,1473,189,1288]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0A7562FF14FAF0FF2C662E" blockId="24.[136,1474,1303,1354]" pageId="24" pageNumber="609">
Fig. 24.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0A7562FF40FAFFFE536648" authority="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov, 2017" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[220,390,1303,1325]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="24" pageNumber="609" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0A7562FF40FAFFFE536648" box="[220,390,1303,1325]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="609">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DF76703D0A7562FE13FAFFFE0A6649" box="[399,479,1304,1325]" pageId="24" pageNumber="609" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, mouth parts (holotype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, C, Mandibles; D, E, Maxillules. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="78E747913D0A7562FF1BF7F7FF1C6B26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5358431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358431/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="609" startId="24.[135,170,2064,2086]" targetBox="[272,1337,1409,2048]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0A7562FF1BF7F7FF1C6B26" blockId="24.[135,1476,2064,2115]" pageId="24" pageNumber="609">
Fig. 25.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0A7562FF47F7F7FE536B41" authority="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov, 2017" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[219,390,2064,2085]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="24" pageNumber="609" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0A7562FF47F7F7FE536B41" box="[219,390,2064,2085]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="609">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DF76703D0A7562FE0CF7F7FE356B41" box="[400,480,2064,2085]" pageId="24" pageNumber="609" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, cirri and penis (holotype). A, Cirrus IV, basal and middle annuli; B, Distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="78E747913D0B7563FFEDF835FA786B45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5358434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358434/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="610" startId="25.[113,148,2002,2024]" targetBox="[113,1451,226,1986]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0B7563FFEDF835FA786B45" blockId="25.[113,1453,2002,2081]" pageId="25" pageNumber="610">
Fig. 26.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0B7563FF5BF835FEA76483" authority="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov, 2017" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,370,2002,2023]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="25" pageNumber="610" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0B7563FF5BF835FEA76483" box="[199,370,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="610">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DF76703D0B7563FEE0F835FE186483" box="[380,461,2002,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="610" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, mouth parts (SEM, paratype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, Crests of labrum with ctenoid scales; C, Upper part of mandibular palp; D, Mandible; E, Lower part of mandible; F, Biserrate setae on lateral surface of mandible; G, Maxillule; H, Upper part of maxillule; I, Cutting edge of maxillule. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0B7563FC09F7ECFC6B6B45" box="[917,958,2059,2081]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="610">lb =</emphasis>
labrum,
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0B7563FB88F7ECFB816B45" box="[1044,1108,2059,2081]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="610">mdp =</emphasis>
mandibular palp. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="78E747913D087560FF1BF881FB5864D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5358436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358436/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="611" startId="26.[135,170,1894,1916]" targetBox="[137,1473,329,1878]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D087560FF1BF881FB5864D1" blockId="26.[135,1474,1894,1974]" pageId="26" pageNumber="611">
Fig. 27.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D087560FF42F881FE5E641F" authority="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov, 2017" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[222,395,1894,1915]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="26" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D087560FF42F881FE5E641F" box="[222,395,1894,1915]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="611">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DF76703D087560FE08F880FE306418" box="[404,485,1895,1916]" pageId="26" pageNumber="611" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, maxillae and penis (SEM, paratype). A, B, Maxillae, lateral and outer surface; C, Distal lobes of maxillae, upper parts; D, Proximal lobe of maxilla, lateral view (stub setae indicated by arrowheads); E, Basal part of penis (basidorsal point indicated by asterisk). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D087560FDA9F847FD9964D1" box="[565,588,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="611">c4</emphasis>
to
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D087560FDECF847FD4A64D1" box="[624,671,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="611">c6 =</emphasis>
cirri IV to cirri VI,
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D087560FCFBF847FC4364D1" box="[871,918,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="611">pe =</emphasis>
penis. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="78E747913D097561FFEDF88EFC5964B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5358438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358438/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="612" startId="27.[113,148,1897,1919]" targetBox="[114,1451,299,1882]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D097561FFEDF88EFC5964B1" blockId="27.[113,1454,1897,2006]" pageId="27" pageNumber="612">
Fig. 28.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D097561FF5BF88EFEA6641A" authority="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov, 2017" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,371,1897,1918]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="27" pageNumber="612" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D097561FF5BF88EFEA6641A" box="[199,371,1897,1918]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="612">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DF76703D097561FEE0F88DFE18641B" box="[380,461,1898,1919]" pageId="27" pageNumber="612" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, cirri (SEM, paratype). A, Left pairs of cirri with penis; B, Cirrus I; C, Annuli of rami of cirrus I; D, Terminal annuli of anterior ramus of cirrus I; E, Cirrus II; F, Middle annuli of cirrus II; G, Cirrus III; H, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus III; I, Cirrus IV; J, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus IV; K, Cirrus V; L, Middle annuli of cirrus V. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D097561FAB7F844FA8D64DC" box="[1323,1368,1955,1976]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="612">ar =</emphasis>
anterior ramus,
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D097561FF26F827FF0464B1" box="[186,209,1984,2005]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="612">c2</emphasis>
to
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D097561FF69F858FEF464B1" box="[245,289,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="612">c6 =</emphasis>
cirri II to cirri VI,
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D097561FE7EF827FDD864B1" box="[482,525,1984,2005]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="612">lb =</emphasis>
labrum,
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D097561FDFAF827FD4064B1" box="[614,661,1984,2005]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="612">pe =</emphasis>
penis. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0E7566FF14FF5AFE0461F1" blockId="28.[136,775,189,661]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">
~
<quantity id="EB60BAFC3D0E7566FF0AFF5AFF3263B1" box="[150,231,189,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="EB60BAFC3D0E7566FE87FF5AFEBE63B1" box="[283,363,189,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
maximal height and diameter,
<quantity id="EB60BAFC3D0E7566FD2AFF5AFCD363B1" box="[694,774,189,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
rostro-carinal basal diameter; orifice toothed, with curved apical ends of carina and rostrum;
<quantity id="EB60BAFC3D0E7566FE68FF1AFD916271" box="[500,580,253,277]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
maximum length; with 6 conspicuous windows between wall plates (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FD45FEFAFF026231" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,171,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[136,1473,228,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[132,1476,225,1924]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 22. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., shell, general view and compartments (holotype: A, B, D–H; paratype: C, I, J). A, B, Complete shell, left and right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; C, Complete shell, right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; D, E, Rostrum, external and internal surface; F, Carinolatus 2, internal surface; G, H, Carinolatus 1, internal and external surface; I, Rostrum, internal surface; J, Carina, internal surface. Abbreviations: ba = basis, ca = carina, cl1 = carinolatus 1, cl2 = carinolatus 2, r = rostrum. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358425/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 22A–C</figureCitation>
). Basis saucer-shaped; with 6 external radial grooves; growth lines concentric; margin denticulated, with paired small teeth; often with 6 notches corresponding to windows (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FF0CFE7AFEC362D1" box="[144,278,413,437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,171,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[136,1473,228,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[132,1476,225,1924]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 22. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., shell, general view and compartments (holotype: A, B, D–H; paratype: C, I, J). A, B, Complete shell, left and right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; C, Complete shell, right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; D, E, Rostrum, external and internal surface; F, Carinolatus 2, internal surface; G, H, Carinolatus 1, internal and external surface; I, Rostrum, internal surface; J, Carina, internal surface. Abbreviations: ba = basis, ca = carina, cl1 = carinolatus 1, cl2 = carinolatus 2, r = rostrum. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358425/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Figs. 22A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FE83FE7AFE9362D1" box="[287,326,413,437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,148,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,285,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[110,1454,282,1926]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 23. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., opercular plates and basis (holotype: A–H, paratype: I). A, B, Right scutum, external and internal view; C, D, Left scutum, external and internal view; E, F, Left tergum, external and internal view; G, H, Right tergum, external and internal view; I, Basis, internal view. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358427/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">23I</figureCitation>
). Parietes (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FE2AFE7AFDD762D1" box="[438,514,413,437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,171,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[136,1473,228,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[132,1476,225,1924]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 22. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., shell, general view and compartments (holotype: A, B, D–H; paratype: C, I, J). A, B, Complete shell, left and right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; C, Complete shell, right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; D, E, Rostrum, external and internal surface; F, Carinolatus 2, internal surface; G, H, Carinolatus 1, internal and external surface; I, Rostrum, internal surface; J, Carina, internal surface. Abbreviations: ba = basis, ca = carina, cl1 = carinolatus 1, cl2 = carinolatus 2, r = rostrum. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358425/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) with conspicuous, sharp external projections and fine growth lines; sheath ~2/5–1/2 total length, with horizontal striations; inner lamina beneath sheath with few long, distinct longitudinal ribs. Radii and alae wide, semitransparent, summits oblique, ~1/3–1/2 length of parietes; radii with fine, oblique and transverse external striations. Carinolatus 2 narrow, with paries ~1/5 width of carinolatus 1 (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FEB8FD9AFE1061F1" box="[292,453,637,661]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,171,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[136,1473,228,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[132,1476,225,1924]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 22. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., shell, general view and compartments (holotype: A, B, D–H; paratype: C, I, J). A, B, Complete shell, left and right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; C, Complete shell, right side, windows between wall plates indicated by arrowheads; D, E, Rostrum, external and internal surface; F, Carinolatus 2, internal surface; G, H, Carinolatus 1, internal and external surface; I, Rostrum, internal surface; J, Carina, internal surface. Abbreviations: ba = basis, ca = carina, cl1 = carinolatus 1, cl2 = carinolatus 2, r = rostrum. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358425/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 22A–C, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0E7566FF14FD5AFDE460F1" blockId="28.[136,776,701,917]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">
Scutum (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FF75FD5AFEBC61B1" box="[233,361,701,725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,148,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,285,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[110,1454,282,1926]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 23. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., opercular plates and basis (holotype: A–H, paratype: I). A, B, Right scutum, external and internal view; C, D, Left scutum, external and internal view; E, F, Left tergum, external and internal view; G, H, Right tergum, external and internal view; I, Basis, internal view. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358427/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 23A–D</figureCitation>
) semitransparent, white, height longer than width; external growth ridges with feeble, reduced longitudinal striations; occludent margin slightly dentate. Articular ridge ~1/2 length of tergal margin, not prominent, lower end smooth, not truncated; articular furrow shallow; adductor ridge conspicuous and thick; pits for adductor and depressor muscles shallow, but visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0E7566FF14FC59FE0967F1" blockId="28.[135,776,957,1173]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">
Tergum (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FF71FC5AFEB960B1" box="[237,364,957,981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[113,148,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,285,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[110,1454,282,1926]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 23. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., opercular plates and basis (holotype: A–H, paratype: I). A, B, Right scutum, external and internal view; C, D, Left scutum, external and internal view; E, F, Left tergum, external and internal view; G, H, Right tergum, external and internal view; I, Basis, internal view. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358427/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 23E–H</figureCitation>
) semitransparent, white, growth lines fine; apex beak-shaped, tinged with pale viole; scutal margin straight in lower and concave in upper parts; spur developed, ~1/3 half of width of basal margin, not truncated, separated from basiscutal angle; spur furrow shallow and wide. Articular ridge developed, concave, ~2/3 of scutal margin, depressor muscle crests absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0E7566FF14FB5AFD526B71" blockId="28.[136,776,1213,2069]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">
Labrum (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FF76FB5AFE8367B1" box="[234,342,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,171,1303,1325]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1288]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[132,1476,186,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 24. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (holotype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, C, Mandibles; D, E, Maxillules. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358429/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Figs. 24A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FEFCFB5AFE7867B1" box="[352,429,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[113,148,2002,2024]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,226,1986]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[110,1454,222,1989]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 26. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (SEM, paratype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, Crests of labrum with ctenoid scales; C, Upper part of mandibular palp; D, Mandible; E, Lower part of mandible; F, Biserrate setae on lateral surface of mandible; G, Maxillule; H, Upper part of maxillule; I, Cutting edge of maxillule. Abbreviations: lb = labrum, mdp = mandibular palp. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358434/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">26A–C</figureCitation>
) with deep medial notch; 3 teeth on each crest; dense, thin and small setae along margins of crests. Crests of labrum with dense ctenoid scales (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FD40FB1AFF6D6651" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[113,148,2002,2024]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,226,1986]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[110,1454,222,1989]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 26. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (SEM, paratype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, Crests of labrum with ctenoid scales; C, Upper part of mandibular palp; D, Mandible; E, Lower part of mandible; F, Biserrate setae on lateral surface of mandible; G, Maxillule; H, Upper part of maxillule; I, Cutting edge of maxillule. Abbreviations: lb = labrum, mdp = mandibular palp. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358434/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
). Mandibular palps (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FE02FAFAFDD86651" box="[414,525,1309,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,171,1303,1325]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1288]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[132,1476,186,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 24. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (holotype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, C, Mandibles; D, E, Maxillules. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358429/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Figs. 24A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FD80FAFAFDB86651" box="[540,621,1309,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[113,148,2002,2024]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,226,1986]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[110,1454,222,1989]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 26. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (SEM, paratype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, Crests of labrum with ctenoid scales; C, Upper part of mandibular palp; D, Mandible; E, Lower part of mandible; F, Biserrate setae on lateral surface of mandible; G, Maxillule; H, Upper part of maxillule; I, Cutting edge of maxillule. Abbreviations: lb = labrum, mdp = mandibular palp. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358434/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">26A, C</figureCitation>
) club-shaped; with dense, long, setulate setae, small thin simple setae and ctenoid scales with long denticles on distal half; lateral surfaces with small, simple setae; rows of ctenoid scales with short denticles at base. Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FD88FA7AFD7366D1" box="[532,678,1437,1461]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,171,1303,1325]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1288]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[132,1476,186,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 24. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (holotype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, C, Mandibles; D, E, Maxillules. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358429/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Figs. 24B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FD28FA7AFD2A66D1" box="[692,767,1437,1461]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[113,148,2002,2024]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,226,1986]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[110,1454,222,1989]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 26. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (SEM, paratype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, Crests of labrum with ctenoid scales; C, Upper part of mandibular palp; D, Mandible; E, Lower part of mandible; F, Biserrate setae on lateral surface of mandible; G, Maxillule; H, Upper part of maxillule; I, Cutting edge of maxillule. Abbreviations: lb = labrum, mdp = mandibular palp. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358434/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">26D–F</figureCitation>
) cutting edge with 5 teeth decreasing in size from upper to lower; teeth 1–3 well separated from each other; tooth 3 bifid; tooth 4 complex, multifid; inferior angle short, with group of sharp, small denticles and setae; inner margin with long, simple setae; outer margin and upper part of blade with long, thin, omniserrate setae; lateral surface of blade with combs of dense, biserrate setae. Maxillules (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FDEFF99AFCD665F1" box="[627,771,1661,1685]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,171,1303,1325]" captionTargetBox="[135,1473,189,1288]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[132,1476,186,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 24. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (holotype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, C, Mandibles; D, E, Maxillules. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358429/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Figs. 24D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FF14F97AFF1965D1" box="[136,204,1693,1717]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[113,148,2002,2024]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,226,1986]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[110,1454,222,1989]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 26. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., mouth parts (SEM, paratype). A, Labrum and mandibular palps; B, Crests of labrum with ctenoid scales; C, Upper part of mandibular palp; D, Mandible; E, Lower part of mandible; F, Biserrate setae on lateral surface of mandible; G, Maxillule; H, Upper part of maxillule; I, Cutting edge of maxillule. Abbreviations: lb = labrum, mdp = mandibular palp. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358434/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">26G–I</figureCitation>
) with 10–11 cuspidate setae of different lengths along straight cutting edge; notch absent; upper and lower pairs of cuspidate setae largest; small, cuspidate setae inserted below lower pair of large setae; tuft of small, sharp, cuspidate setae on inferior angle; long, simple setae and serrate setae along outer and inner margins; biserrate setae on lateral surface. Maxillae (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FF65F8BAFEA86411" box="[249,381,1885,1909]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[135,170,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,329,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[133,1477,326,1881]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 27. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., maxillae and penis (SEM, paratype). A, B, Maxillae, lateral and outer surface; C, Distal lobes of maxillae, upper parts; D, Proximal lobe of maxilla, lateral view (stub setae indicated by arrowheads); E, Basal part of penis (basidorsal point indicated by asterisk). Abbreviations: c4 to c6 = cirri IV to cirri VI, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358436/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 27A–D</figureCitation>
) bilobed; dense, long, simple setae and serrate setae distally and along inner margins of upper and lower lobes; lateral surfaces of upper lobes with ctenoid scales and small, simple setae; field of stub setae in upperlateral part of lower lobe; dense carpet of sharp, biserrate setae and fine, small setae in fused basal parts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0E7566FCDFFF5AFA816791" blockId="28.[835,1475,189,1269]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">
Cirrus I (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FC3FFF5AFBF463B1" box="[931,1057,189,213]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,148,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[114,1451,299,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-133@27.[110,1454,295,1884]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 28. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri (SEM, paratype). A, Left pairs of cirri with penis; B, Cirrus I; C, Annuli of rami of cirrus I; D, Terminal annuli of anterior ramus of cirrus I; E, Cirrus II; F, Middle annuli of cirrus II; G, Cirrus III; H, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus III; I, Cirrus IV; J, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus IV; K, Cirrus V; L, Middle annuli of cirrus V. Abbreviations: ar = anterior ramus, c2 to c6 = cirri II to cirri VI, lb = labrum, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358438/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 28B–D</figureCitation>
) with rami unequal; anterior ramus (13 annuli) twice longer than posterior ramus (7 annuli); annuli of rami with dense, serrate setae and row of ctenoid scales with long, sharp denticles along upper margins; basal annuli with ctenoid scales on lateral surfaces. Cirrus II (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FAC6FEDAFCA66211" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,148,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[114,1451,299,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-133@27.[110,1454,295,1884]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 28. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri (SEM, paratype). A, Left pairs of cirri with penis; B, Cirrus I; C, Annuli of rami of cirrus I; D, Terminal annuli of anterior ramus of cirrus I; E, Cirrus II; F, Middle annuli of cirrus II; G, Cirrus III; H, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus III; I, Cirrus IV; J, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus IV; K, Cirrus V; L, Middle annuli of cirrus V. Abbreviations: ar = anterior ramus, c2 to c6 = cirri II to cirri VI, lb = labrum, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358438/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 28A, E, F</figureCitation>
) with rami unequal; anterior ramus (10 annuli) longer than posterior ramus (8 annuli); annuli of rami with long, dense simple setae and serrate setae on anterior edge, tuft of serrate setae in posterio-distal corner; groups of ctenoid scales with sharp denticles on lateral surfaces at anterior and posterior setae (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FC70FE1AFB9E6171" box="[1004,1099,509,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,148,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[114,1451,299,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-133@27.[110,1454,295,1884]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 28. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri (SEM, paratype). A, Left pairs of cirri with penis; B, Cirrus I; C, Annuli of rami of cirrus I; D, Terminal annuli of anterior ramus of cirrus I; E, Cirrus II; F, Middle annuli of cirrus II; G, Cirrus III; H, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus III; I, Cirrus IV; J, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus IV; K, Cirrus V; L, Middle annuli of cirrus V. Abbreviations: ar = anterior ramus, c2 to c6 = cirri II to cirri VI, lb = labrum, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358438/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 28F</figureCitation>
). Cirrus III (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FB51FE1AFA986171" box="[1229,1357,509,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,148,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[114,1451,299,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-133@27.[110,1454,295,1884]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 28. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri (SEM, paratype). A, Left pairs of cirri with penis; B, Cirrus I; C, Annuli of rami of cirrus I; D, Terminal annuli of anterior ramus of cirrus I; E, Cirrus II; F, Middle annuli of cirrus II; G, Cirrus III; H, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus III; I, Cirrus IV; J, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus IV; K, Cirrus V; L, Middle annuli of cirrus V. Abbreviations: ar = anterior ramus, c2 to c6 = cirri II to cirri VI, lb = labrum, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358438/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 28G, H</figureCitation>
) with rami subequal, with 12 annuli both; denticles absent; long, serrate setae in upper halves of anterior margins, lateral surfaces and posterio-distal corners of annuli. Cirrus IV (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FACCFDBAFA6B6111" box="[1360,1470,605,629]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[135,170,2064,2086]" captionTargetBox="[272,1337,1409,2048]" captionTargetId="figure-34@24.[270,1337,1406,2051]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 25. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri and penis (holotype). A, Cirrus IV, basal and middle annuli; B, Distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358431/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Figs. 25A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FCDFFD9AFC5561F1" box="[835,896,637,661]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,148,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[114,1451,299,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-133@27.[110,1454,295,1884]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 28. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri (SEM, paratype). A, Left pairs of cirri with penis; B, Cirrus I; C, Annuli of rami of cirrus I; D, Terminal annuli of anterior ramus of cirrus I; E, Cirrus II; F, Middle annuli of cirrus II; G, Cirrus III; H, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus III; I, Cirrus IV; J, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus IV; K, Cirrus V; L, Middle annuli of cirrus V. Abbreviations: ar = anterior ramus, c2 to c6 = cirri II to cirri VI, lb = labrum, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358438/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">28I, J</figureCitation>
) with posterior ramus (23 annuli) slightly longer than anterior ramus (20 annuli); proximal annuli of anterior ramus with single, sharp, straight denticle on anterior edge; middle annuli of anterior ramus with 2–3 pairs of long, middle and short serrulate setae on anterior edge; 2–3 pairs of short setae on lateral surface, tuft of simple setae on posteriodistal corner; middle annuli of posterior ramus with 3 pairs of long, middle and short serrulate setae on upper part of anterior edge, tuft of thin simple setae on posterio-distal corner, few ctenoid scales along upper margins. Cirrus V (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FCD7FC5AFC0660B1" box="[843,979,957,981]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,148,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[114,1451,299,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-133@27.[110,1454,295,1884]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 28. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri (SEM, paratype). A, Left pairs of cirri with penis; B, Cirrus I; C, Annuli of rami of cirrus I; D, Terminal annuli of anterior ramus of cirrus I; E, Cirrus II; F, Middle annuli of cirrus II; G, Cirrus III; H, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus III; I, Cirrus IV; J, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus IV; K, Cirrus V; L, Middle annuli of cirrus V. Abbreviations: ar = anterior ramus, c2 to c6 = cirri II to cirri VI, lb = labrum, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358438/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 28K, L</figureCitation>
) with rami subequal (25, 26 annuli); annuli of anterior ramus without denticles; middle annuli with 3 pairs of long, middle and short serrulate setae on anterior edge, tuft of setae on posterio-distal corner; row of ctenoid scales along upper margins. Cirrus VI (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FB76FBDAFA9E6731" box="[1258,1355,1085,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[113,148,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[114,1451,299,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-133@27.[110,1454,295,1884]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 28. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri (SEM, paratype). A, Left pairs of cirri with penis; B, Cirrus I; C, Annuli of rami of cirrus I; D, Terminal annuli of anterior ramus of cirrus I; E, Cirrus II; F, Middle annuli of cirrus II; G, Cirrus III; H, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus III; I, Cirrus IV; J, Basal and middle annuli of cirrus IV; K, Cirrus V; L, Middle annuli of cirrus V. Abbreviations: ar = anterior ramus, c2 to c6 = cirri II to cirri VI, lb = labrum, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358438/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
) with rami subequal (27, 26 annuli); intermediate annuli of both rami with 3 pairs of long, middle and short serrulate setae; some annuli with few long, thin setae on posterio-distal corner; inner lateral surface of coxa with dense ctenoid scales with long denticles and short serrate setae (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FB7AFB3AFA9D6791" box="[1254,1352,1245,1269]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[135,170,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,329,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[133,1477,326,1881]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 27. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., maxillae and penis (SEM, paratype). A, B, Maxillae, lateral and outer surface; C, Distal lobes of maxillae, upper parts; D, Proximal lobe of maxilla, lateral view (stub setae indicated by arrowheads); E, Basal part of penis (basidorsal point indicated by asterisk). Abbreviations: c4 to c6 = cirri IV to cirri VI, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358436/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0E7566FCDFFAFAFA6E6631" blockId="28.[835,1475,1309,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">
Penis (
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FC15FAFAFC246651" box="[905,1009,1309,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[135,170,2064,2086]" captionTargetBox="[272,1337,1409,2048]" captionTargetId="figure-34@24.[270,1337,1406,2051]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 25. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., cirri and penis (holotype). A, Cirrus IV, basal and middle annuli; B, Distal part of penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358431/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Figs. 25B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B4A30B9C3D0E7566FC66FAFAFBF36651" box="[1018,1062,1309,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[135,170,1894,1916]" captionTargetBox="[137,1473,329,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[133,1477,326,1881]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 27. Acasta sandwichi sp. nov., maxillae and penis (SEM, paratype). A, B, Maxillae, lateral and outer surface; C, Distal lobes of maxillae, upper parts; D, Proximal lobe of maxilla, lateral view (stub setae indicated by arrowheads); E, Basal part of penis (basidorsal point indicated by asterisk). Abbreviations: c4 to c6 = cirri IV to cirri VI, pe = penis. Scale bars in µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5358436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5358436/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">27E</figureCitation>
) annulated; basidorsal point developed; gradually tapering distally; tip with few thin simple setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="648244923D0E7566FCDFFA9AFC036431" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0E7566FCDFFA9AFC036431" blockId="28.[835,1476,1405,1877]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FCDFFA9AFC6766F1" bold="true" box="[835,946,1405,1429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new species,
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FBE5FA99FAE166F1" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[1145,1332,1405,1429]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FBE5FA99FAE166F1" box="[1145,1332,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is similar to the species of genus
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FBBBFA79FBA566D1" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1817" box="[1063,1136,1438,1461]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FBBBFA79FBA566D1" box="[1063,1136,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Acasta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FB1CFA79FA5966D1" authority="Gravier, 1921" authorityName="Gravier" authorityYear="1921" box="[1152,1420,1437,1461]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FB1CFA79FB3966D1" box="[1152,1260,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. armata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48096AE83D0E7566FB6BFA7AFA5966D1" author="Gravier C" box="[1271,1420,1437,1461]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" pagination="353 - 357" refId="ref11526" refString="Gravier C (1921) Sur deux especes de Cirripedes du genre Acasta Leach vivant a la cote francaise des Somalis. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 1921: 353 - 357." type="journal article" year="1921">Gravier, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FA37FA79FBD766B1" authority="Ren, 1984" authorityName="Ren" authorityYear="1984" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinica">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FA37FA79FC5666B1" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. sinica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48096AE83D0E7566FC11FA59FBD766B1" author="Ren X" box="[909,1026,1469,1493]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" pagination="183 - 214" refId="ref12126" refString="Ren X (1984) Studies on Chinese Cirripedia (Crustacea) V. Genus Acasta. Studia Marina Sinica, 23: 183 - 214." type="journal article" year="1984">Ren, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FB85FA59FB0F66B1" authority="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov, 2017" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[1049,1242,1469,1493]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crucibasis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FB85FA59FB0F66B1" box="[1049,1242,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Acasta crucibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="05DF76703D0E7566FB78FA59FAE966B1" box="[1252,1340,1470,1493]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(herein),
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FA37FA59FB876691" authority="Darwin, 1854" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrata">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FA37FA59FC7B6691" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. fenestrata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48096AE83D0E7566FC25FA3AFB876691" author="Darwin C" box="[953,1106,1501,1525]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" refId="ref11429" refString="Darwin C (1854) A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia, With Figures of All the Species. The Balanidae. Ray Society, London, 770 pp." type="book" year="1854">Darwin, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FBFCFA39FA486691" authority="Broch, 1931" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1931" box="[1120,1437,1501,1525]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foraminifera">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FBFCFA39FADD6691" box="[1120,1288,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. foraminifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48096AE83D0E7566FA8EFA3AFA486691" author="Broch H" box="[1298,1437,1501,1525]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" pagination="1 - 146" refId="ref11372" refString="Broch H (1931) Paper from the Dr. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LVI. Indomalayan Cirripedia. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 91: 1 - 146." type="journal article" year="1931">Broch, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FA37FA39FB9D6571" authority="Kolbasov, 1990" authorityName="Kolbasov" authorityYear="1990" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertusa">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FA37FA39FC466571" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. pertusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48096AE83D0E7566FC07FA1AFB9D6571" author="Kolbasov GA" box="[923,1096,1533,1557]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" pagination="142 - 145" refId="ref11605" refString="Kolbasov GA (1990) Acasta pertusa sp. n. (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from the Red Sea. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 69 (9): 142 - 145." type="journal article" year="1990">Kolbasov, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and A.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FB38FA1AFA746571" authority="Kolbasov, 1992" authorityName="Kolbasov" authorityYear="1992" box="[1188,1441,1533,1557]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tzetlini">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FB38FA1AFB386571" box="[1188,1261,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">tzetlini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48096AE83D0E7566FB69FA1AFA746571" author="Kolbasov GA" box="[1269,1441,1533,1557]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" pagination="140 - 145" refId="ref11670" refString="Kolbasov GA (1992) Two new species of the genus Acasta (Cirripedia, Thoracica) form the south-western part of the Indian-Ocean. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 71 (1): 140 - 145." type="journal article" year="1992">Kolbasov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in having conspicuous windows between the wall plates.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FAE5F9F9FC646531" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandwichi">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FAE5F9F9FC646531" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Acasta sandwichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FBD7F9D9FB236531" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1931" box="[1099,1270,1597,1621]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foraminifera">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FBD7F9D9FB236531" box="[1099,1270,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. foraminifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FAADF9D9FA176531" authorityName="Yu &amp; Chan &amp; Achituv &amp; Kolbasov" authorityYear="2017" box="[1329,1474,1597,1621]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crucibasis">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FAADF9D9FA176531" box="[1329,1474,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. crucibasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having developed carinolatus 2 with paries reaches the basis. A new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FB2BF999FAF565F1" authorityName="Kolbasov" authorityYear="1992" box="[1207,1312,1661,1685]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tzetlini">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FB2BF999FAF565F1" box="[1207,1312,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. tzetlini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the absence of armament of recurved teeth on anterior ramus of cirrus IV.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FCECF959FC2965B1" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[880,1020,1725,1749]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrata">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FCECF959FC2965B1" box="[880,1020,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. fenestrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FBAAF959FB7165B1" authorityName="Gravier" authorityYear="1921" box="[1078,1188,1726,1749]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FBAAF959FB7165B1" box="[1078,1188,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. armata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have no longitudinal ribs on inner lamina of parietes.
<taxonomicName id="EB986C9A3D0E7566FBE4F939FB3D6591" authorityName="Kolbasov" authorityYear="1990" box="[1144,1256,1758,1781]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Archaeobalanidae" genus="Acasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pertusa">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FBE4F939FB3D6591" box="[1144,1256,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">A. pertusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no denticles on annuli of anterior rami of cirrus IV, scutum covered with external setae and the tergal spur is about 1/2 of width of basal margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="648244923D0E7566FCDFF89AFAFB6B51" pageId="28" pageNumber="613" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2C2717193D0E7566FCDFF89AFAFB6B51" blockId="28.[835,1474,1917,2101]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">
<emphasis id="1EECCB0B3D0E7566FCDFF89AFC1364F1" bold="true" box="[835,966,1917,1941]" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Etymology.</emphasis>
We named this species after our collaborator from Green Island Marine Laboratory, Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica,
<collectingCountry id="548F57893D0E7566FBC9F85AFB7264B1" box="[1109,1191,1981,2005]" name="Taiwan" pageId="28" pageNumber="613">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and our friend, Mr. Chang Ming-Chih, who helped us in SCUBA diving collections of sponge hosts and who preferred to use his nickname ‘Sandwich’ for specific name of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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