620 lines
53 KiB
XML
620 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad622eec-c0b0-459c-a58c-696100f853f1" ID-PMC="PMC7892535" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1016-77" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9" ID-PubMed="33628080" ID-ZooBank="A462DE7344284857973CBCFD17294D15" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1016-77" checkinTime="1613177951169" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Goutte, Sandra, Reyes-Velasco *, Jacobo, Freilich, Xenia, Kassie, Abeje & Boissinot, Stephane" docDate="2021" docId="87B773BC7FF35B5B818DA5DB58E809FC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1016: 77-141" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1016" docPubDate="2021-02-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699" docTitle="Ptychadena erlangeri" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of grass frogs (Ptychadenidae, Ptychadena) endemic to the Ethiopian highlands" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1668149788838" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of grass frogs (Ptychadenidae, Ptychadena) endemic to the Ethiopian highlands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Goutte, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-3773</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sg5533@nyu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reyes-Velasco *, Jacobo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Freilich, Xenia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kassie, Abeje</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia & Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boissinot, Stephane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">stephane.boissinot@nyu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-02-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1016</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>77</mods:start>
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<mods:end>141</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1016-77</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A462DE7344284857973CBCFD17294D15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177383274" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:87B773BC7FF35B5B818DA5DB58E809FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/87B773BC7FF35B5B818DA5DB58E809FC" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName LSID="87B773BC-7FF3-5B5B-818D-A5DB58E809FC" authority="(Ahl, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">Ptychadena erlangeri (Ahl, 1924)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rana erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">Rana erlangeri</taxonomicName>
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Ahl, 1924: 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">Ptychadena erlangeri</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 168" refId="B22" refString="Perret, J-L, 1980. Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 13: 151 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" title="Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" volume="13" year="1980">Perret 1980</bibRefCitation>
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: 151-168.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rana (Ptychadena) erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri" subGenus="Ptychadena">Rana (Ptychadena) erlangeri</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1981.10736637" author="Dubois, A" journalOrPublisher="Firenze" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="225 - 284" refId="B4" refString="Dubois, A, 1981. Liste des genres et sous-genres nominaux de Ranoidea (Amphibiens Anoures) du monde, avec identification de leurs especes types; consequences nomenclaturales. Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Nuova Serie, Supplemento. Firenze 15: 225 - 284, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1981.10736637" title="Liste des genres et sous-genres nominaux de Ranoidea (Amphibiens Anoures) du monde, avec identification de leurs especes types; consequences nomenclaturales. Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Nuova Serie, Supplemento." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1981.10736637" volume="15" year="1981">Dubois 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 233.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena (Ptychadena) erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri" subGenus="Ptychadena">Ptychadena (Ptychadena) erlangeri</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1992.11011" author="Dubois, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="305 - 352" refId="B5" refString="Dubois, A, 1992. Notes on the classification of Ranidae (Amphibia, Anura). Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 61: 305 - 352, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1992.11011" title="Notes on the classification of Ranidae (Amphibia, Anura)." url="https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1992.11011" volume="61" year="1992">Dubois 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 316.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Perret" authorityYear="1994" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena largeni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="largeni">Ptychadena largeni</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="67 - 77" refId="B23" refString="Perret, J-L, 1994. Description de Ptychadena largeni n. sp. (Anura, Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Bulletin de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles 117: 67 - 77" title="Description de Ptychadena largeni n. sp. (Anura, Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." volume="117" year="1994">Perret 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 67.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Holotype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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A gravid female (ZMB-26887) collected by C. von Erlanger in December 1900 at lake Abaya, Ethiopia (likely the eastern shore of the lake, 1300 m a.s.l., see remarks below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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Except for the type specimen and the type series of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. largeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="largeni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. largeni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all the material examined is deposited at ZNHM. One female (15-47) collected by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot south of Assela (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7.9068" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.9068">7.9068°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="39.1238" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="39.1238">39.1238°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2520 m a.s.l.), one male (15-400) collected by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot on 22 August 2015 north of Fitche (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9.7877" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="9.7877">9.7877°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38.6974" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="38.6974">38.6974°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2821 m a.s.l.), two males (15-417 and 15-420) collected by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot on 26 August 2015 north (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3844" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.3844">6.3844°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38.5927" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="38.5927">38.5927°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2655 m a.s.l.) and south (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3256" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.3256">6.3256°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38.6645" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="38.6645">38.6645°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2684 m a.s.l.) of Bore, respectively, one male (16-6) collected by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot on 4 July 2016 between Addis Ababa and Ambo, eight males (16-6, 16-10, 16-11, 16-12, 16-14, 16-16, 16-17 and 16-24) collected by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot on 5 July 2016 south of Assela (7.7776-7.8431°N, 39.1384-39.1529°E, 2553-2637 m a.s.l.), one female (16-131) and six males (16-99, 16-106, 16-112, 16-113, 16-114 and 16-118) collected by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot on 12 July 2016 southeast of Mehal Meda (9.9894-10.3316°N, 39.7452-39.8092°E, 3017-3394 m a.s.l.), one female (16-142) and one male (16-155) collected by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot on 13 July 2016 north of Debre Birhan (9.6822-9.6979°N, 39.5505-39.5628°E, 2833-2837 m a.s.l.), one male (16-166) collected by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot on 14 July 2016 south of Fitche (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9.7502" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="9.7502">9.7502°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38.7445" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="38.7445">38.7445°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2726 m a.s.l.), one female (SB231) and one male (SB232) collected by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco on 23 April 2018 south of Gumer (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7.9125" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.9125">7.9125°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38.0644" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="38.0644">38.0644°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2831 m a.s.l.), two males (SB552 and SB553) collected by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois on 3 July 2018 east of Mehal Meda (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10.3247" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="10.3247">10.3247°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="39.8092" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="39.8092">39.8092°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2795 m a.s.l.), one male (SB562) collected by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois on 4 July 2018 east of Mehal Meda (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10.3247" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="10.3247">10.3247°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="39.8092" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="39.8092">39.8092°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2795 m a.s.l.), three males (SB570, SB571 and SB577) collected by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois on 7 July 2018 north of Gebre Guracha (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9.8818" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="9.8818">9.8818°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38.3660" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="38.366">38.3660°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2558 m a.s.l.), one male (SB615) collected by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois on 14 July 2018 near Holeta (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9.0692" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="9.0692">9.0692°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38.5214" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="38.5214">38.5214°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2397 m a.s.l.),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. largeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="largeni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. largeni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male holotype (MHNG-2513.31),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. largeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="largeni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. largeni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male paratypes (MHNG-2513.38, MHNG-2513.42, MHNG-2513.44, MHNG-2513.45, MHNG-2513.49, MHNG-2513.52),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. largeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="largeni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. largeni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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female paratypes (MHNG-2513.56, MHNG-2513.57, MHNG-2513.58, MHNG-2513.59 and MHNG-2513.60) collected by M. Largen on 12 June 1977 in Addis Ababa, Shewa (Shoa) (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9.03" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="9.03">9.03°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38.75" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="38.75">38.75°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2500 m a.s.l.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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A medium-sized (male (35) SVL 34.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2.5 mm, female (10) SVL 34.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.7 mm) member of the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ptychadena erlangeri A live male (SB 571; left) and female (SB 548, right) B dorsal and ventral views of the same individuals (male left, female right) after euthanasia and before fixation." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508427" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">11</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from other members of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex by the following combination of characters: (1) relatively short hind limbs (male TL/SVL 0.53
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04, female TL/SVL 0.54
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.05), (2) tympanum translucent, without any light bar or blotch, (3) vocal sacs light in color, from cream to light grey, very rarely with a bit of grey, (4) adult males with robust forelimbs, (5) adult males often covered in small warts.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508427" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
|
||
live male (SB571; left) and female (SB548, right)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal and ventral views of the same individuals (male left, female right) after euthanasia and before fixation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Comparison.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Species very variable in body size across its range, but always smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cooperi" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. goweri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="goweri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. goweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nana" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. robeensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="robeensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. robeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. robeensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="robeensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. robeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by the absence of light bar or blotch on the tympanum. Furthermore, adult males can be distinguished by their cream or light-yellow vocal sac from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. robeensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="robeensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. robeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shorter snout than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. harenna" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="harenna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. harenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. goweri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="goweri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. goweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cooperi" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by longer eye-nostril and inter-orbital distances and longer hind limbs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Medium sized (SVL 37.6 mm), slender, gravid female with long hind limbs (TL/SVL 0.63, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Holotype of Ptychadena erlangeri. Dorsal and ventral views of the female holotype (ZMB- 26887)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508428" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">12</figureCitation>
|
||
, Suppl. material 3: Table S1). Head longer than wide (HW/HL 0.94). Snout pointed, projecting beyond the lower jaw. Interorbital distance 0.58
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
eye diameter. Nostril half-way between the tip of the snout and the eye. Internarial distance 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
interorbital distance. Tympanum 0.61
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
eye diameter. Finger tips not expanded but rounded, with moderate subarticular tubercles. Finger formula: I<II<IV<III. Hand free of webbing. Hindlimbs elongated, with tibia length 0.63
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
snout-vent length. Rounded white warts irregularly spread on the dorsal side of tibia. Foot as long as thigh and almost as long as tibia (FL/TL 0.98). Toe tips rounded. Subarticular tubercles small and round. Inner metatarsal tubercle present, external absent. Toe formula: I<II<III<V<IV (right foot) and I<II<VIII<IV (left foot). Foot webbing formula (toe internal/external sides, number of phalanges webbed): Ie(1), IIi/e(1-2), IIIi/e(2-2), IVi/e(2-2), Vi(2). Two light, continuous lateral ridges, four interrupted dorsal ridges. No vertebral nor sacral ridges. Note that we did not see the nasal ridges that
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 168" refId="B22" refString="Perret, J-L, 1980. Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 13: 151 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" title="Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" volume="13" year="1980">Perret (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted as the single major diagnostic character for the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508428" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dorsal and ventral views of the female holotype (ZMB-26887).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="coloration of the holotype in preservative">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Coloration of the holotype in preservative.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Although the holotype is in overall very good condition, the coloration seems to have faded away with time and some dark markings noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" author="Ahl, E" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen museum in Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B1" refString="Ahl, E, 1924. Ueber eine froschsammlung aus Nordost-Afrika und Arabien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen museum in Berlin 11: 1 - 12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" title="Ueber eine froschsammlung aus Nordost-Afrika und Arabien." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" volume="11" year="1924">Ahl (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the original description and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 168" refId="B22" refString="Perret, J-L, 1980. Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 13: 151 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" title="Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" volume="13" year="1980">Perret (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are now barely visible or have vanished altogether. Dorsal ground color light brown with irregular oval dark brown blotches symmetrically distributed on the dorsolateral ridges. Thin, cream vertebral stripe from the tip of the snout to the vent. Dark brown canthal stripe from the tip of the snout to the back of the jaw. Upper lip and flanks cream. The dark markings on the upper and lower lips noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" author="Ahl, E" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen museum in Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B1" refString="Ahl, E, 1924. Ueber eine froschsammlung aus Nordost-Afrika und Arabien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen museum in Berlin 11: 1 - 12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" title="Ueber eine froschsammlung aus Nordost-Afrika und Arabien." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" volume="11" year="1924">Ahl (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are no longer visible. Throat, ventrum, ventral side of the thighs, and tibias uniformly cream without any melanization. A thin, cream longitudinal stripe on the tibias and half of the thighs. Dark brown bars on the tibias and brown markings on the thighs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Variations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows important variations in body size, morphology, and coloration across its large distribution range. South of the GRV, individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally larger (male (9) SVL 36.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.9 mm, female (1) SVL 35.6) than north of the GRV (male (17) SVL 33.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.9 mm, female (3) SVL 35.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2). Morphometric variations are summarized in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric measurements (average + / - standard deviation) of the Ptychadena neumanni complex." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E6054BCCCE6D378C03CC9E126ED0D2A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" tableUuid="E6054BCCCE6D378C03CC9E126ED0D2A5">1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">In life, dorsum coloration varies from dark brown to grey-brown, olive and golden, sometimes with irregular green blotches. All specimens examined had small dark brown or black blotches distributed symmetrically on the dorsal ridges. A few additional dark brown or black blotches are found in the anterior part of the flanks. A vertebral stripe is always present, either thin or wide and may be white, cream, or green.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Iris bicolored, the upper third silver and lower two thirds dark brown. Upper and lower jaws featuring irregular light grey or brown markings but no barring. All specimens examined featured a dark brown canthal stripe from the tip of the snout to the back of the upper lip, with the tympanum uniformly colored and lacking any light stripe of blotch. A thin cream longitudinal stripe on the tibia extends to a fifth to the whole length of the thigh. Tibias, thighs, and feet more or less regularly barred with dark brown. Thighs posteriorly marbled with dark brown and yellowish brown. Ventrum and throat uniformly cream to yellow. Vocal sacs cream, yellowish or light grey, very rarely with a bit of grey. Small warts over the body and forelimbs present in 80% of adult males examined.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Habitat, distribution, and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wide distribution range extending on both sides of the Great Rift Valley (6.23-10.33°N, 38.06-39.81°E). It is restricted to higher altitudes, from 2387 m to 3394 m a.s.l. (based on 156 barcoded individuals). West of the Great Rift Valley, its range is limited by the Blue Nile valley and specimens have been found just north of Gebre Guracha. Its northernmost locality is Mehal Meda. Southeast of the GRV, populations have been found near Assela, Kofele and Irba Moda. A few individuals have been found in the southwest, between Tippi and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gech’a">Gech'a</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and at lower elevation than any other population (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.4512" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.4512">7.4512°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.3992" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.3992">35.3992°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2270 m a.s.l.). GPS coordinates for all examined specimens are given in Suppl. material 3: Table S1.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in syntopy with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. at the lower end of its altitudinal range, notably near Fitche, Holeta, between Ambo and Wonchi, and possibly near Assela. It is also found in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cooperi" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
across its range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Males are found calling in shallow puddles, flooded grasslands, or agricultural fields. Males can be found vocalizing very close to one another, sometimes in important numbers. Calling activity depends on rainfall and is highest during rainy months. Calling usually starts after 22:00, and sometimes as late as 02:00 in dry weather, and ceases before dawn. Numerous, small bicolored eggs are laid in the same water body.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="advertisement call">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Advertisement call.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5 males, 226 calls) is composed of a single pulsed note of 290
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
35 ms in duration, containing 46.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6 pulses. Within calls, pulses are grouped, with 4.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5 pulses per group and the first pulse typically notably lower in amplitude than the other pulses of the pulse group. Amplitude of the call increases gradually during most of the call, peaking at 230
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
14 ms, and decreases abruptly afterwards. Call dominant frequency is 2343
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
454 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cooperi" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type A and B) by the distinguishable pulses composing the calls. It is also distinct from the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. robeensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="robeensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. robeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. by its short inter-pulse intervals. The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. robeensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="robeensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. robeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. goweri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="goweri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. goweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its short duration. Finally, the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nana" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its longer duration and lower pulse rate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Confusion and difficulty to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
arose from the original descriptions of the species themselves, both published by Ahl in 1924 in the same article. The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on 35 syntypes, most likely contained three distinct species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 168" refId="B22" refString="Perret, J-L, 1980. Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 13: 151 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" title="Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" volume="13" year="1980">Perret 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described based on a single gravid female.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 168" refId="B22" refString="Perret, J-L, 1980. Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 13: 151 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" title="Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" volume="13" year="1980">Perret (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
restricted
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to three male syntypes. Comparing the two closely related species was thus rendered near impossible due to the low sample size and the fact that each species was represented by specimens of different sexes. Adding to the confusion, in 1994, Perret described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perret" authorityYear="1994" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena largeni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="largeni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena largeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from 30 specimens from Addis Ababa, Shewa (Shoa) sent to him by Largen as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena erlangeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Largen (1997) then considered that the morphological diagnostic characters found by Perret in the 30 specimens were due to conservation artefacts as these individuals were fixed in alcohol rather than in formalin, and subsequently synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. largeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="largeni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. largeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 2001, even though he had originally considered those specimens to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Recently, molecular phylogenetic analyses grouped the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. largeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="largeni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. largeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reyes-Velasco, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" refId="B27" refString="Reyes-Velasco, J, Goutte, S, Freilich, X, Boissinot, S, in review. On the use of type specimens in the age of genomics." title="On the use of type specimens in the age of genomics." year="in review">Reyes-Velasco et al. in review</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531158" author="Largen, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="287 - 306" refId="B17" refString="Largen, MJ, 2001. The status of the genus Phrynobatrachus Guenther 1862 in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including description of a new species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 14: 287 - 306, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531158" title="The status of the genus Phrynobatrachus Guenther 1862 in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including description of a new species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531158" volume="14" year="2001">Largen (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
thus included a population of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. largeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="largeni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. largeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with specimens from Debre Markos, Gondar, the Bale Mountains, etc. and included specimens from the Harenna forest and Debre Markos in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two groupings thus comprised specimens of several species, many of which placed in both groups (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Species included under the names Ptychadena neumanni and P. erlangeri in previous studies. Species names within the circles correspond to the revised taxonomy. Left (yellow) and right (blue) circles contains all species identified as P. neumanni and P. erlangeri, respectively, since their original descriptions Ahl (1924). Species at the intersection of the two circles were identified as both species either in different studies (e. g., Largen 2001; Freilich et al. 2014; Smith et al. 2017 a, b; Reyes-Velasco et al. 2018) or within the same study (e. g., Largen 2001). The full taxonomic history of the group is summarized in Suppl. material 3: Table S 6." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508417" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). As a result,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531158" author="Largen, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="287 - 306" refId="B17" refString="Largen, MJ, 2001. The status of the genus Phrynobatrachus Guenther 1862 in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including description of a new species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 14: 287 - 306, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531158" title="The status of the genus Phrynobatrachus Guenther 1862 in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including description of a new species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531158" volume="14" year="2001">Largen (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
failed to give satisfactory diagnostic characters distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as all the given characters largely overlapped, and later authors relied heavily on the distribution ranges given by Largen to assign species names to the populations they sampled. Notably, the photos presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Largen, M" journalOrPublisher="Edition Chimaira, Serpent's Tale NHBD, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" refId="B14" refString="Largen, M, Spawls, S, 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Serpent's Tale NHBD, Frankfurt am Main" title="Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea." year="2010">Largen and Spawls (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in fact most likely a
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. goweri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="goweri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. goweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Yadot River, close to Dolo Mena described as the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“large”">"large"</normalizedToken>
|
||
form occurring in Bale Mountain by Largen 1997), and the specimens presented as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |