248 lines
21 KiB
XML
248 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297102" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38aee501-3c26-4686-9c32-a0991b651db7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905099958" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="670E93F6E34C906CBD2BC41F9E67F8F8" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Artiodactyla.637-722.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Dama dama" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" lastPageNumber="665" masterDocId="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" masterDocTitle="Order Artiodactyla" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="665" updateTime="1716783024384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2E3772623CA36DFE3FA87CDB6C0D37CB">Order Artiodactyla</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F62517EFDAAF36E062627FDFF0E928E">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="969B4DDEE5A5B771572309FC618DC1A4">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="91CC5A8957811FB1FFD723747BED0FDE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D37F1DA887FC5534CC4F22E96E0E109B">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="EBA8577DB8D8D9B15F3247638D5A8F73">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="DBD1E787C983F7FF9B3946D9117EF33F">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B45BE0663FFFF159AAF0DE2FDA57C0F5">
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<mods:title id="AB20B01AEFE6322E3BE1559105450D14">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="392E51236ED73333818ABE5196CA53ED">
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<mods:start id="E51944A3C2E4FD668773B050AF0E52BE">637</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="A950D0F4E24E263C17E0B95EDB2121B6" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6B29269136BF9C3B75EDBDAD944E7E18" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="670E93F6E34C906CBD2BC41F9E67F8F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11336495" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11336495" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:670E93F6E34C906CBD2BC41F9E67F8F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/670E93F6E34C906CBD2BC41F9E67F8F8" lastPageNumber="665" pageNumber="665" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200389">
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<subSubSection id="C2DA0025E7281214DC02C7960A2F27DF" pageNumber="665" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="ADA72DEB2928B126CBDB98209AF29C66" pageNumber="665">
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||
<taxonomicName id="ED6969A9699A9FAE84C953645E51B837" ID-CoL="342N9" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dama">
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<emphasis id="C6DB9175C651BB20C3C68A2B6685F453" italics="true" pageNumber="665">Dama dama</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57E000AE7467F09087E6E5E7D0ECE1D3" pageNumber="665" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="7C74B71B60BD476B777B584A584BD018" pageNumber="665">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="5815AE8427D59F4E220339CEC3B8CDBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3918402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3918402" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AF94F5DE-2D17-460D-B2DE-D925D4DE619A" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1EEBBD003CD1279EC12C793937C0BE6" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" page="67" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dama" title="Cervus dama" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName id="152DD850B4F67F1E8871E2E3F6956E5F" ID-CoL="3ZMM" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dama">
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<emphasis id="45708815A59291E9BBF038D0236D2237" italics="true" pageNumber="665">[Cervus] dama</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="460F7382951CE7A4583AA50A13670D4B" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="3AFAC4D1B078EB34EBEFFE7D3BDFA6E2" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="665" pagination="67" title="Cervus dama" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 67</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4F2D1CA8CF70C922F8FBA99D54F3EA6" pageNumber="665" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="825559A8B3D46A62ADF0C276FCE90005" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis id="32DAEAF6402DCA2B12B63E1CDE796917" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="665">Type Locality:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="E7B0DFBF7BBE8EA6B1685266FE929B3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867329500" country="Sweden" pageNumber="665">
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"Habitat in Europa"; identified as "Habitat in vivariis Regis & Magnatum" by
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<bibRefCitation id="B631879812CFB29334C6A75938338BB1" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref353417" refString="Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158." year="1911">
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Thomas (1911
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<emphasis id="A21D38F8158090708426272B35D56CF9" italics="true" pageNumber="665">a</emphasis>
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:151)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, in
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<collectingCountry id="3B94C78E4207A98F56ADED86B6DD55EC" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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to which it had been introduced
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FD9560C33D7FAC9808C8E7E4EBA873E" pageNumber="665" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="BD325446D5A659306A0AE9564D3C8C2A" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis id="054CECF53FEF1FBF3D17651B1641F72F" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="665">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="9116DC7987DF7D9B8AF5D4F162BBFF49" language="eng" pageNumber="665">Fallow Deer</vernacularName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="95B937ABA37135D8A1F438C4A8BA4569" pageNumber="665" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="0B9C983ECCFA90A22A6D7B55EAFE826C" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis id="A753B40570483390F4E00FE92DC6B945" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="665">Subspecies:</emphasis>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F5FBC64E4A42D57011EEDF4DA5D7AB1F" pageNumber="665">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="83702BBFF72E9D3A91132C59955D6369" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dama" subSpecies="dama">
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<emphasis id="F4A2C444E54E7EF12F7EE6C42DF104BC" italics="true" pageNumber="665">Dama dama</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="2FA9C234EAC4D679F40AA01CC5F3EE51" italics="true" pageNumber="665">dama</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D968518CEBE209DB22EE8A23DF78055B" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6554707DD1B4257132BCC29814A23014" pageNumber="665">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="187FA4F19FC24172B6426686790EBD11" authority="Brooke 1875" authorityName="Brooke" authorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="665" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dama" subSpecies="mesopotamica">
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<emphasis id="3481EBD7B19C1F4ED17241ADDAE78370" italics="true" pageNumber="665">Dama dama</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="3D242AA185FF015F10F62FCA7F9C004F" italics="true" pageNumber="665">mesopotamica</emphasis>
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Brooke 1875
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="02E9A0774A42A9BC9CB5442F587CE7E4" pageNumber="665" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="C3B1DD776D4EEAE8B31BEE46312603BC" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis id="3480B2768D4D0EA48F7FC405621FF0F4" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="665">Distribution:</emphasis>
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Naturally wild populations of nominate form still present in S
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<collectingCountry id="791934D2F95F4B2C9A7B11F43774C5D6" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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; introduced into nearly all countries of Europe (incl.
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<collectingCountry id="E6E8E654DF998AF3B2075689E8F71A08" name="Lithuania">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="4AC2BFB92D04C3BA2E0CEF28DF736A04" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="205AB5822BD4C45C321391CAE9A8A73E" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="1309C97BBA565F9691049385AE72A15F" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E50AF56853599A4C0728FCA83DB3470C" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A11FB570631960AE298DB1F5DB28D937" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="FBA2E6DE90F77FF4EEFBC84C8F8EB068" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="985EDB2E909CDFB44AFBB7415AE30488" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="82C3D28DFF7D9B032F85667BB8CFE11C" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="863A8C30CDD1A6DF6E6200D7866310E8" name="Uruguay">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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, as well as islands in Fijian group, Lesser Antilles, and off W Canadian Coast. For present distribution, see
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<bibRefCitation id="81E2C979538303DBD769BAF0ECED1B8F" author="Chapman, N. G. & D. I. Chapman" refId="ref58106" refString="Chapman, N. G., and D. I. Chapman. 1980. The distribution of fallow deer: A worldwide review. Mammal Review, 10: 61 - 138." year="1980">Chapman and Chapman (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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; for natural recent distribution see
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<bibRefCitation id="4165B5235519D4FD8116A3F4FD34D135" author="Uerpmann, H. - P." refId="ref361401" refString="Uerpmann, H. - P. 1987. The ancient distribution of ungulate mammals in the Middle East. Beihefte zum Tubinger Atlas des vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 27: 1 - 173." year="1987">Uerpmann (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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. Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="FE115DED890A405D7F5E7384B5E77161" baseAuthorityName="Brooke" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamica">
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<emphasis id="4B20A36F381533E9A3CB2B9C8E937A3B" italics="true" pageNumber="665">mesopotamica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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formerly in
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<collectingCountry id="3CBC3E36B46128985F6F0F9B3EBE5584" name="Iraq">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="99F611F442D47C3CE51F9F4DF25CB047" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="718234E224583037650B16EC5304DB95" name="Jordan">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F721A98652CDE89B8E6DF997ACA15483" name="Lebanon">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry id="7FEA470E12CC31E254C101F9A9887E3E" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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, and possibly
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<collectingCountry id="DBD4C187BD3AC80558FDE5ED4EE779D2" name="Syria">Syria</collectingCountry>
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; survives in W
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<collectingCountry id="772C27CA8D36BC3C180E983BB4674618" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C1953F85F81A3489BFCF277EBFF06B8F" pageNumber="665" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="782BB7F0FC1EE2E786368AC0AD8EFDC9" pageNumber="665">
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<emphasis id="E340128C89DE4593DB52D330C4FEE160" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="665">Conservation:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="709CDFD6351FE76C0FBB74F974F783D8">CITES</collectionCode>
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– Appendix I as
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<taxonomicName id="6A92EA9E8D91B3423574D97D3B2D006E" baseAuthorityName="Brooke" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamica">
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<emphasis id="82107FEF5687B3BB8E2C8599D5AFC0F2" italics="true" pageNumber="665">D. mesopotamica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="13B6FFA4E39A30CF99930D6898399CFF" name="United States of America">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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<collectionCode id="0AA76F3FA5374F7A1B4EEE5C1C51509E" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
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– Endangered as
|
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<taxonomicName id="48A71B742D9C71697ACDBE36321E99C3" baseAuthorityName="Brooke" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamica">
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<emphasis id="F413B031D1B15AA0588C300818F1CD6F" italics="true" pageNumber="665">D. mesopotamica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(=
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<emphasis id="A2CC7CD06A1DC19D76EA2517AD9C8703" italics="true" pageNumber="665">
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||
D.
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||
<taxonomicName id="36E4A858D5A5C1DBBB4496BF9E88E88E" baseAuthorityName="Brooke" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamica">d. mesopotamica</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
);
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<collectionCode id="DF40ABF4A3CC2D9E36C082ABBD8EDE47">IUCN</collectionCode>
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||
– Endangered as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AE74169165A804F03F83ADBCE75CA0F" authorityName="Brooke" authorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="dama" subSpecies="mesopotamica">
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<emphasis id="1E0EE15CD581576C85829A9284D87F17" italics="true" pageNumber="665">D. dama mesopotamica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="390D07CA6F1DF0AD03E914EE2BC94105" pageNumber="665" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AED620ADD2E064D5DCF1F073D421E853" pageNumber="665">
|
||
<emphasis id="94ECDAACF55A242294B1680B7BDD2C98" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="665">Discussion:</emphasis>
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||
Reviewed by
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<bibRefCitation id="97D42788F83AFEA63F6FC0AB254DFCE1" author="Feldhamer, G. A. & K. C. Farris-Renner & C. M. Barker" refId="ref99631" refString="Feldhamer, G. A., K. C. Farris-Renner, and C. M. Barker. 1988. Dama dama. Mammalian Species, 317: 1 - 8." year="1988">Feldhamer et al. (1988</bibRefCitation>
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, Mammalian Species, 317), who included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C541E22BBD573A9A76CDAAB35EAA925" baseAuthorityName="Brooke" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamica">
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||
<emphasis id="2B348FE51AC1B6274AFEB1151AACD45C" italics="true" pageNumber="665">mesopotamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in this species.
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<taxonomicName id="08C1B8590609FBC660E6443B35A450E3" authority="Hilzheimer, 1926" authorityName="Hilzheimer" authorityYear="1926" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schaeferi">
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<emphasis id="A86DAB2B39C68E0594B0A2BB49C09196" italics="true" pageNumber="665">Dama schaeferi</emphasis>
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Hilzheimer, 1926
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</taxonomicName>
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was supposedly from Africa, but the name is now known to have been based on a specimen from
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<collectingCountry id="51A90BC5B35D17C106005FEB1719CC6F" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
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(Kock, 2000
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD45A43890B86834A75E68FF10F439A" italics="true" pageNumber="665">b</emphasis>
|
||
). The form
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F41A6A747B4600695E05ACA4B93B1B6D" baseAuthorityName="Brooke" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamica">
|
||
<emphasis id="14C25D90305EA57CD01ADF8D23457B95" italics="true" pageNumber="665">mesopotamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has recently been regarded as a subspecies of
|
||
<emphasis id="C54DA8D359217B5D03834BB577ECE9EF" italics="true" pageNumber="665">D</emphasis>
|
||
. †
|
||
<emphasis id="4D5193EA237D90B4F6C123DBE17E0C32" italics="true" pageNumber="665">clactoniana</emphasis>
|
||
(Falconer, 1868), treated as a separate species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09302D9DD7501472FFEDFB298BD4AA46" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dama">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9618DB9583FD904D4F66466337D0C4B" italics="true" pageNumber="665">D. dama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="21D9B612A7F9FC5AE1FD95D7A3AF0418" author="di Stefano, G." refId="ref85734" refString="di Stefano, G. 1996. The Mesopotamian fallow deer (Dama, Artiodactyla) in the Middle East Pleistocene. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen, 199: 295 - 322." year="1996">di Stefano (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on the resemblance of its antlers to a fossil antler of †
|
||
<emphasis id="C97D9EAA098D0F55D5FF39134AB2433D" italics="true" pageNumber="665">clactoniana</emphasis>
|
||
from Edelsheim,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="70BDD27E14837E3E7FA3AF517E067A79" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Since characters of fossil antlers are open to varying interpretations, the evidence supporting this conclusion seems insufficient at present (A. Lister, in litt.);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD56B51BD7E1C55D780EEEA8EF08A9BB" baseAuthorityName="Brooke" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesopotamica">
|
||
<emphasis id="37958B64B6C23647F10A7D0710383AA4" italics="true" pageNumber="665">mesopotamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been regarded as a separate species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="740997B6B47137ACCDA6AB68C7A20967" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Dama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dama">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E3813B5F226328F129C9FAE5DF659AA" italics="true" pageNumber="665">D. dama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2ACDDE58F1E37020599BAA72F6E994E0" author="Haltenorth, T." refId="ref137949" refString="Haltenorth, T. 1959. Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Mesopotamischen Damhirsches- - Cervus (Dama) mesopotamicus Brooke, 1875 -- und zur Stammes-und Verbreitungeschichte der Damhirsche allgemein. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 7 (Sonderheft): 1 - 89." year="1959">Haltenorth (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="42B9DF3B7F122B849BB2550AA1E756CA" author="Ferguson, W. W. & Y. Porath & S. Paley" refId="ref100266" refString="Ferguson, W. W., Y. Porath, and S. Paley. 1985. Late Bronze Period yields first osteological evidence of Dama dama (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) from Israel and Arabia. Mammalia, 49: 209 - 214." year="1985">Ferguson et al. (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF00804A36BBD48214912C5D58D38FB8" author="Uerpmann, H. - P." refId="ref361401" refString="Uerpmann, H. - P. 1987. The ancient distribution of ungulate mammals in the Middle East. Beihefte zum Tubinger Atlas des vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 27: 1 - 173." year="1987">Uerpmann (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="77B889FA304843591CEC0B7EB3C1DBC5" author="Harrison, D. L. & P. J. J. Bates" refId="ref141262" refString="Harrison, D. L., and P. J. J. Bates. 1991. The mammals of Arabia, Second ed. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, United Kingdom, 354 pp." year="1991">Harrison and Bates (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1BAC0EA33E284DF2FDA56BF53167DA23" author="Geist, V." refId="ref116300" refString="Geist, V. 1998. Deer of the world. Their evolution, behavior and ecology. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pensylvania, 421 pp." year="1998">Geist's (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revision has been restored to subspecies status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |