treatments-xml/data/26/4C/08/264C082FFFF46452FF4EFBE62ADA8955.xml

<document id="7E8243A6CA3FB37098376D9BF869AC37" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3746.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8a73f14-d386-4050-a512-2cc72289a13e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="247895" ID-ZooBank="7C5BB172-20D1-413D-B749-1A660C79E52A" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460707091121" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wu, Shipher, Owada, Mamoru, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng &amp; Yen, Shen-Horn" docDate="2013" docId="264C082FFFF46452FF4EFBE62ADA8955" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03746p160.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3746 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cidariplura nigrisigna Wileman 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="DA757057FFF2645BFFD9FFFA2F468D28" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) in Taiwan with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="149" updateTime="1698357400325" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8244A5F3C880B68F7665DFC7A4590821">Review of the genus Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) in Taiwan with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0894D4E1C8B9FC587FFFB6E7391E7889">Owada, Mamoru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F942BD07F15C9D2E68BC2FB0CA29BFE1">Shiao, Shiuh-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BA31829E66ECC5628D2ABA0D96A7880">Yen, Shen-Horn</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="264C082FFFF46452FF4EFBE62ADA8955" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6157768" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119584473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6157768" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:264C082FFFF46452FF4EFBE62ADA8955" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/264C082FFFF46452FF4EFBE62ADA8955" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFF4645DFF4EFBE62D4C8993" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFF4645DFF4EFBE62D3D891E" blockId="6.[151,635,1052,1111]" box="[151,635,1052,1078]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<heading id="F5120E55FFF4645DFF4EFBE62D3D891E" bold="true" box="[151,635,1052,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF4645DFF4EFBE62D3D891E" authority="Wileman, 1915" authorityName="Wileman" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,635,1052,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrisigna">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFF4EFBE62D3D891E" bold="true" box="[151,635,1052,1078]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFF4EFBE62EE1891E" bold="true" box="[151,423,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Cidariplura nigrisigna</emphasis>
(Wileman, 1915)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFF4645DFF4EFBC42EAD897F" blockId="6.[151,635,1052,1111]" box="[151,491,1086,1111]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
(
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFF4645DFF46FBC42E57897F" box="[159,273,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 9 – 16" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[169,1399,242,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 9 – 16. Type and fresh specimens of the Cidariplura species from Taiwan. 9. Mastigophorus nigrisigna Wileman, 1915, male, lectotype; 10. ditto, labels; 11. C. nigrisigna, male; 12. ditto, female; 13. ditto, male; 14. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., male, holotype; 15. ditto, male, paratype; 16. ditto, female, paratype. Bar scale = 10 mm. Specimens courtesy of: BMNH (9 – 10), TFRI (11 – 16). Photo by Mamoru Owada (9 – 10), Shipher Wu (11 – 16)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247897/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs 9–13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFF4645DFEC4FBC52E23897F" box="[285,357,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 35 – 46" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1629,1653]" captionTargetBox="[189,1411,308,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1423,302,1608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 35 – 46. Male genitalia of the Cidariplura species. 35, 36. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 37, 38. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 39, 40. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 41, 42. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 43, 44. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 45, 46. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45. Male genitalia without aedeagus; 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46. Aedeagus. Bar scale = 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (35 – 42, 45, 46), NSMT (43, 44). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247900/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">39, 40</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFF4645DFEA8FBC42EC9897F" box="[369,399,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 57 – 67" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[264,1337,286,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1343,266,1891]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 57 – 67. Female genitalia of the Cidariplura species. 57. C. bilineat a (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 58. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), Nepal; 59. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 60. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 61. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 62. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 63. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 64. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 65. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China; 66." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247902/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">59</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFF4645DFE45FBC52EFC897F" box="[412,442,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 68 – 78" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,713,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[181,1405,708,1334]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 68 – 78. Male labial palpus of the Cidariplura species. 68. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 69. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 70. C. bilineata (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 71. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), Nepal; 72. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 73. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 74. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China; 75. C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900), S. China; 76. C. ilana Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 77. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 78. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan. Bar scale = 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (68 – 70, 72, 73, 78), NSMT (71, 74, 75, 77), NMNS (76). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247903/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">72</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFF4645DFE1CFBC52EA4897F" box="[453,482,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 79 – 89" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1363,1387]" captionTargetBox="[453,1135,199,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[446,1141,194,1342]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 79 – 89. Male foreleg of the Cidariplura species. 79. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 80. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 81. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 82. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 83. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), N. India; 84. C. bilineata (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 85. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 86. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 87. C. ilana Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 88. C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900), S. China; 89. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China. Bar scale = 1 mm. TFRI (79 – 82, 84, 86), NSMT (83, 85, 88, 89), NMNS (87). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247904/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">81</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFF4645DFF4EFB7D2D4C8993" blockId="6.[151,843,1159,1242]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF4645DFF4EFB7D2D1489B5" authority="Wileman, 1915" authorityName="Wileman" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,594,1159,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mastigophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrisigna">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFF4EFB7D2EEC89B4" box="[151,426,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Mastigophorus nigrisigna</emphasis>
Wileman, 1915
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFD85FB7D2DAC89B4" box="[604,746,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Entomologist</emphasis>
, 48: 193. 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF4645DFF4EFB5F2D408993" authority="Poole, 1989: 356" authorityName="Poole" authorityPageNumber="356" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,518,1189,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Elyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrisigna">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFF4EFB5F2E028993" box="[151,324,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Elyra nigrisigna</emphasis>
: Poole, 1989: 356
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFF4645DFF4EFB3E2C5889F1" box="[151,798,1220,1242]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="description">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFF4645DFF4EFB3E2C5889F1" blockId="6.[151,843,1159,1242]" box="[151,798,1220,1242]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF4645DFF4EFB3E2D1F89F1" authority="Owada, 1992: 172" authorityName="Owada" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,601,1220,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrisigna">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFF4EFB3E2ECE89F1" box="[151,392,1220,1241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Cidariplura nigrisigna</emphasis>
: Owada, 1992: 172
</taxonomicName>
; Wang, 1994: 398.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFF4645DFF4EFAFC2BF48B4B" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFF4645DFF4EFAFC2BF48B4B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1286,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFF4EFAFC2EDC8837" bold="true" box="[151,410,1286,1311]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="715E079BFFF4645DFE7BFAFD2E9C8837" box="[418,474,1287,1311]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Type</typeStatus>
material: 
<typeStatus id="715E079BFFF4645DFD96FAFD2D848837" box="[591,706,1287,1311]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
. Male, 
<collectingCountry id="D6F2F9A9FFF4645DFCCEFAFD2C3F8836" box="[791,889,1287,1310]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Formosa</collectingCountry>
[= 
<collectingCountry id="D6F2F9A9FFF4645DFC7AFAFD2B538837" box="[931,1045,1287,1311]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
], Kanshirei [Guanziling], 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFF4645DFAE2FAFD2AD58837" box="[1339,1427,1286,1311]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="ft" value="1000.0">1000 ft</quantity>
., 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFF4645DFF4EFAD02E58886B" box="[151,286,1322,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" value="1906-06-19">19-VI-1906</date>
, leg. A. E. Wileman (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFF4645DFDE1FAD02DFF886B" box="[568,697,1322,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 9 – 16" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[169,1399,242,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 9 – 16. Type and fresh specimens of the Cidariplura species from Taiwan. 9. Mastigophorus nigrisigna Wileman, 1915, male, lectotype; 10. ditto, labels; 11. C. nigrisigna, male; 12. ditto, female; 13. ditto, male; 14. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., male, holotype; 15. ditto, male, paratype; 16. ditto, female, paratype. Bar scale = 10 mm. Specimens courtesy of: BMNH (9 – 10), TFRI (11 – 16). Photo by Mamoru Owada (9 – 10), Shipher Wu (11 – 16)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247897/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
)(coll. BMNH, see Owada, 1994). 
<typeStatus id="715E079BFFF4645DFB83FAD02BB0886B" box="[1114,1270,1322,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
. 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFADAFAD12A12886B" box="[1283,1364,1322,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same collecting data as 
<typeStatus id="715E079BFFF4645DFEB1FAB42E94884F" box="[360,466,1358,1383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. (coll. BMNH, see Owada, 1994). Additional material examined: 
<collectingCountry id="D6F2F9A9FFF4645DFB12FAB52A7D884F" box="[1227,1339,1359,1383]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
. 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFA9EFAB52AD1884F" box="[1351,1431,1358,1383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Ilan County, Fushan Botanical Garden, 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFF4645DFD8BFA882DDD88A2" box="[594,667,1394,1419]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFF4645DFD7EFA892C6B88A3" box="[679,813,1394,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" value="1995-03-31">31-III-1995</date>
, leg. Y. C. Shan; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFC2FFA892B1B88A3" box="[1014,1117,1394,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, same collecting locality, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFF4645DFA5CFA892FA98887" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" value="2012-10-07">7- X-2012</date>
, leg. S. Wu; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFE5DFA6D2E988887" box="[388,478,1430,1455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, Ilan County, Mingchih, Tianwan, 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFF4645DFCBEFA6C2CF88886" box="[871,958,1430,1455]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFF4645DFC13FA6D2B0E8887" box="[970,1096,1431,1455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" value="2011-10-24">24-X-2011</date>
, leg. S. Wu &amp; W. C. Chang; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFA57FA6D2F9688FB" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same collecting data, slide TFRI00132165; 1 feamle, same collecting data, slide TFRI00145523; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFA93FA412AD188FB" box="[1354,1431,1466,1491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same collecting locality, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFF4645DFE62FA252D7888DF" box="[443,574,1503,1527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" value="2012-06-18">18-VI-2012</date>
leg. S. Wu, slide TFRI00143014; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFC05FA252B6988DF" box="[988,1071,1502,1527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Nantou County, Meifeng, 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFF4645DFABDFA252FE98B32" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFF4645DFF63F9F92E738B33" box="[186,309,1539,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" value="2012-05-29">29-V-2012</date>
, leg. S. Wu &amp; W. C. Chang, slide TFRI00163052; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFCB3F9F92CFE8B33" box="[874,952,1538,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Pintung County, Shouka, 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFF4645DFB2BF9F82A078B32" box="[1266,1345,1538,1563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFF4645DFA8BF9F92F978B17" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" value="2012-03-22">22-III- 2012</date>
, leg. Y. C. Lin (coll. TFRI); 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFD8BF9DD2DEF8B17" box="[594,681,1574,1599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Hualien County, Tsuen [Ci’en], 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFF4645DFBE4F9DD2BDD8B16" box="[1085,1179,1575,1599]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="1990.0">1990 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFF4645DFB74F9DC2A728B17" box="[1197,1332,1574,1599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" value="1989-06-26">26-VI-1989</date>
, leg. M. Owada; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFF4645DFF20F9B12E0D8B4B" box="[249,331,1610,1635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Nantou County, Nengkaoshan [Nenggaoshan], Summer-1967 (coll. NSMT).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFF46453FF1EF9942A318E7D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFF4645DFF1EF9942D088BDA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1286,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFF1EF9942E078BAF" bold="true" box="[199,321,1646,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Based on the male genital structures, this species shows a close affinity with 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF4645DFB34F9952A148BAF" box="[1261,1362,1646,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atayal">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFB34F9952A148BAF" box="[1261,1362,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. atayal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wu &amp; Owada 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFF34F9682E008B83" bold="true" box="[237,326,1682,1707]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">sp. nov.</emphasis>
in 
<collectingCountry id="D6F2F9A9FFF4645DFEB3F9682EF98B83" box="[362,447,1682,1707]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF4645DFE10F9692D1A8B83" box="[457,604,1683,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrisigna">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFE10F9692D1A8B83" box="[457,604,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">C. nigrisigna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the latter by the body color dark grey rather than ochreous; the longer valva and trifurcate structures more prominent; the narrower aedeagus; and the corpus bursae elliptic rather than ovate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFF46453FF1EF9042A318E7D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1286,2031]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,215,1104]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF4645DFF1EF9042E348A3F" bold="true" box="[199,370,1790,1815]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Redescription.</emphasis>
Measures. Wingspan 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFF4645DFDBFF9052D988A3E" box="[614,734,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="30.0">30–37 mm</quantity>
in males (n= 11); 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFF4645DFC7FF9052CB38A3E" box="[934,1013,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in females (n= 2). Eye large; antenna ciliate, male with a pair of long bristles on each segment, length of bristle 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFF4645DFBFAF8D92B178A12" box="[1059,1105,1827,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">4 X</date>
diameter of shaft in median region. Head, all segments of thorax as well as femur, tibia and 1st tarsal segment brown tinged with ochreous scales. Male labial palpus (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFF4645DFE29F8902D0A8AAB" box="[496,588,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 68 – 78" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,713,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[181,1405,708,1334]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 68 – 78. Male labial palpus of the Cidariplura species. 68. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 69. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 70. C. bilineata (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 71. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), Nepal; 72. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 73. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 74. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China; 75. C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900), S. China; 76. C. ilana Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 77. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 78. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan. Bar scale = 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (68 – 70, 72, 73, 78), NSMT (71, 74, 75, 77), NMNS (76). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247903/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
) specialized as follows: 1st segment very long, upcurved along frons, surpassing vertex, smoothly covered with ordinarary scales; 2nd segment bent at a right angle from the 1st, slender, slightly curved, 1.25 X longer than 1st, reaching the middle of thorax, internally with specialized ochreous scales which are elongated and enlarged at their apices; 3rd slender, 0.67 X shorter than 2nd, internally with long ochreous scales which are slender and almost twice as long as those in the 2nd. Labial palpus in female normal, sickle-shaped. Legs normal, male foretibial with presence of a spine at the apex (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFA6453FBA2FF062B888C3C" box="[1147,1230,252,277]" captionStart="FIGURE 79 – 89" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1363,1387]" captionTargetBox="[453,1135,199,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[446,1141,194,1342]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 79 – 89. Male foreleg of the Cidariplura species. 79. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 80. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 81. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 82. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 83. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), N. India; 84. C. bilineata (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 85. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 86. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 87. C. ilana Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 88. C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900), S. China; 89. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China. Bar scale = 1 mm. TFRI (79 – 82, 84, 86), NSMT (83, 85, 88, 89), NMNS (87). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247904/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
). Forewing broad, slightly excurved, apex near right-angled; ground coloration bluish grey fringed with ochreous scales; antemedial line slender, yellowish brown, excurved at medial part, tinged with dark shade at outerslde; orbucular and reniform stigmas black, the former small, round, the latter V-shaped, both surrounding with ochreous margin; transversal part of medial region presented with dark grey; postmedial line yellow, smooth, region between vein M3 to tornus incurved; submarginal line slender, large wave-like; marginal part covered with small black stigma in each cell; marginal scales dark grey mixed with dark ochreous scales at apex of each vein. Hindwing broad, dark brownish grey; medial line light ochreous, more distinct from vein M3 to tornus; postmedial line light ochreous, indistinct, slightly serrate; marginal scales dark grey mixed with dark ochreous scales at apex of each vein. Abdomen dark grey, 8th segment unmodified. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFA6453FC20FDC52BC08F70" box="[1017,1158,575,600]" captionStart="FIGURE 35 – 46" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1629,1653]" captionTargetBox="[189,1411,308,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1423,302,1608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 35 – 46. Male genitalia of the Cidariplura species. 35, 36. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 37, 38. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 39, 40. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 41, 42. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 43, 44. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 45, 46. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45. Male genitalia without aedeagus; 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46. Aedeagus. Bar scale = 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (35 – 42, 45, 46), NSMT (43, 44). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247900/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Figs 39, 40</figureCitation>
) – Uncus broad, stout. Tegumen and vinculum long, same in length; saccus V-shaped. Valva trifurcate, costal process long, sclerotized, distal portion of valva broad, membranous, saccular process broader and shorter than that of costa, covered with short hair tufts. Juxta triangular, transtilla indistinct. Aedeagus stout, straight, same length as valva; vesica well scobinated, without cornutus. Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFA6453FD28FD352C038FC0" box="[753,837,719,744]" captionStart="FIGURE 57 – 67" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[264,1337,286,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1343,266,1891]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 57 – 67. Female genitalia of the Cidariplura species. 57. C. bilineat a (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 58. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), Nepal; 59. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 60. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 61. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 62. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 63. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 64. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 65. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China; 66." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247902/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
) – Ovipositor lobe membranous with short hair-like setae; both pairs of apophyses slender, moderate length; ductus bursae long, with a pair of broad lateral sclerites flatterned at basal portion. Corpus bursae ovate, ⅔ X shorter than ductus bursae, basal half part wrinkled; ductus seminalis arising from lateral base of corpus bursae, broadened and coiled at basal portion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="FA9AE9B1FFF5645CFF4EF8A22D6D8AD8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247899/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" targetBox="[171,1418,231,1804]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFF5645CFF4EF8A22D6D8AD8" blockId="7.[151,1436,1880,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFF4EF8A22E0B8A58" bold="true" box="[151,333,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">FIGURE 27–34.</emphasis>
Dorsal views of the 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF5645CFDF1F8A22DE08A58" box="[552,678,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFDF1F8A22DE08A58" box="[552,678,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Cidariplura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFCDCF8A22C608A58" bold="true" box="[773,806,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF5645CFCF4F8A22BDA8A58" authority="Butler, 1879" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" box="[813,1180,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signata">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFCF4F8A22CB88A58" box="[813,1022,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Cidariplura signata</emphasis>
(Butler, 1879)
</taxonomicName>
, male, Japan; 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFAE0F8A22A1D8A58" bold="true" box="[1337,1371,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">28.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFABDF8A22AD38A58" box="[1380,1429,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">ditto</emphasis>
, female, Japan; 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFEE7F8822E198AB8" bold="true" box="[318,351,1912,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF5645CFEB3F8832E8B8AB8" box="[362,461,1912,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atayal">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFEB3F8832E8B8AB8" box="[362,461,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">C. atayal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wu &amp; Owada 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFDA3F8822D958AB8" bold="true" box="[634,723,1912,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">sp. nov.</emphasis>
, male, holotype; 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFC4FF8822CFE8AB8" bold="true" box="[918,952,1912,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">30.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFC1DF8822CB38AB8" box="[964,1013,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">ditto</emphasis>
, female, Taiwan, 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFB1BF8822BA28AB8" bold="true" box="[1218,1252,1912,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF5645CFB36F8832E728A98" authority="Leech, 1900" authorityName="Leech" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochreistigma">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFB36F8832ADA8AB8" box="[1263,1436,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">C. ochreistigma</emphasis>
(Leech, 1900)
</taxonomicName>
, male, S. China; 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFE27F8622D668A98" bold="true" box="[510,544,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF5645CFDF2F8632CC48A98" authority="Leech, 1900" authorityName="Leech" authorityYear="1900" box="[555,898,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigristigmata">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFDF2F8632D9B8A98" box="[555,733,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">C. nigristigmata</emphasis>
(Leech, 1900)
</taxonomicName>
, male, S. China; 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFB90F8622B2C8A98" bold="true" box="[1097,1130,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFF5645CFBACF8632B8B8A98" box="[1141,1229,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilana">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFBACF8632B8B8A98" box="[1141,1229,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">C. ilana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wu &amp; Owada 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFAA5F8622F838AF8" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">sp. nov.</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFF0DF8422FB08AF8" bold="true" box="[212,246,1976,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">34.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFF5645CFF27F8422E698AF8" box="[254,303,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">ditto</emphasis>
, female, paratype. Specimens courtesy of: NSMT (27, 28, 31, 32), TFRI (29, 30), NMNS (33–34). Bar scale= 10 mm. Photo by Shipher Wu.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFFA6453FF1EFCA52E048978" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFFA6453FF1EFCA52E368ECD" blockId="8.[151,1436,215,1104]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FF1EFCA52D5F8E50" bold="true" box="[199,537,863,888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Distribution and bionomics.</emphasis>
This rare species is endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="D6F2F9A9FFFA6453FC54FCA52CA58E50" box="[909,995,863,888]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. It occurs in low to mid- elevations of mainly primary forests across the whole island. The adults appear in June then reappear in September and October, possibly bivoltine. The first generation is larger in wingspan than the second, like other bivoltine congeneric species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFFA6453FF1EFC152E048978" blockId="8.[151,1436,215,1104]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FF1EFC152E578920" bold="true" box="[199,273,1007,1032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Notes.</emphasis>
Only two male 
<typeStatus id="715E079BFFFA6453FE0AFC0A2D458920" box="[467,515,1008,1032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">type</typeStatus>
specimens of this species were found in BMNH and one of them is illustrated here for the first time. We found several additional specimens including the females which are first described from our study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFFA6453FF4EFB592EBE89C8" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="description">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFFA6453FF4EFB592EBE89C8" blockId="8.[151,651,1187,1248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FF4EFB592DCD8995" bold="true" box="[151,651,1187,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFFA6453FF4EFB592E398994" box="[151,383,1187,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maraho">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FF4EFB592E398994" bold="true" box="[151,383,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Cidariplura maraho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov.
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFA6453FF46FB3D2E6689C8" box="[159,288,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 9 – 16" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[169,1399,242,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 9 – 16. Type and fresh specimens of the Cidariplura species from Taiwan. 9. Mastigophorus nigrisigna Wileman, 1915, male, lectotype; 10. ditto, labels; 11. C. nigrisigna, male; 12. ditto, female; 13. ditto, male; 14. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., male, holotype; 15. ditto, male, paratype; 16. ditto, female, paratype. Bar scale = 10 mm. Specimens courtesy of: BMNH (9 – 10), TFRI (11 – 16). Photo by Mamoru Owada (9 – 10), Shipher Wu (11 – 16)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247897/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFA6453FEF2FB322E3589C8" box="[299,371,1224,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 35 – 46" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1629,1653]" captionTargetBox="[189,1411,308,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1423,302,1608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 35 – 46. Male genitalia of the Cidariplura species. 35, 36. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 37, 38. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 39, 40. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 41, 42. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 43, 44. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 45, 46. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45. Male genitalia without aedeagus; 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46. Aedeagus. Bar scale = 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (35 – 42, 45, 46), NSMT (43, 44). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247900/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">41, 42</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFA6453FEA6FB3D2EDB89C8" box="[383,413,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 57 – 67" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[264,1337,286,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1343,266,1891]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 57 – 67. Female genitalia of the Cidariplura species. 57. C. bilineat a (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 58. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), Nepal; 59. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 60. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 61. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 62. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 63. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 64. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 65. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China; 66." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247902/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">62</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFA6453FE70FB322E8189C8" box="[425,455,1224,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 68 – 78" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,713,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[181,1405,708,1334]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 68 – 78. Male labial palpus of the Cidariplura species. 68. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 69. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 70. C. bilineata (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 71. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), Nepal; 72. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 73. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 74. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China; 75. C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900), S. China; 76. C. ilana Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 77. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 78. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan. Bar scale = 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (68 – 70, 72, 73, 78), NSMT (71, 74, 75, 77), NMNS (76). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247903/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">73</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFA6453FE0AFB322EB689C8" box="[467,496,1224,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 79 – 89" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1363,1387]" captionTargetBox="[453,1135,199,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[446,1141,194,1342]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 79 – 89. Male foreleg of the Cidariplura species. 79. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 80. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 81. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 82. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 83. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), N. India; 84. C. bilineata (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 85. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 86. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 87. C. ilana Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 88. C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900), S. China; 89. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China. Bar scale = 1 mm. TFRI (79 – 82, 84, 86), NSMT (83, 85, 88, 89), NMNS (87). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247904/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">82</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFFA6453FF4EFAF52E638BB8" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFFA6453FF4EFAF52E638BB8" blockId="8.[151,1436,1295,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FF4EFAF52E0F8800" bold="true" box="[151,329,1295,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<typeStatus id="715E079BFFFA6453FF4EFAF52F948800" box="[151,210,1295,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Type</typeStatus>
material:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="715E079BFFFA6453FE8AFAF52EF98800" box="[339,447,1295,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
. Male, 
<collectingCountry id="D6F2F9A9FFFA6453FDCCFAEA2DC28800" box="[533,644,1296,1320]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
, Nantou County, Meifeng, 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFFA6453FC67FAEA2B51880F" box="[958,1047,1296,1320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FBFCFAEA2BEA8800" box="[1061,1196,1296,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2012-06-29">29-VI-2012</date>
, leg. S. Wu &amp; W. C. Chang (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFA6453FF2BFACE2E038865" box="[242,325,1332,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9 – 16" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[169,1399,242,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1882]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 9 – 16. Type and fresh specimens of the Cidariplura species from Taiwan. 9. Mastigophorus nigrisigna Wileman, 1915, male, lectotype; 10. ditto, labels; 11. C. nigrisigna, male; 12. ditto, female; 13. ditto, male; 14. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., male, holotype; 15. ditto, male, paratype; 16. ditto, female, paratype. Bar scale = 10 mm. Specimens courtesy of: BMNH (9 – 10), TFRI (11 – 16). Photo by Mamoru Owada (9 – 10), Shipher Wu (11 – 16)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247897/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
)(coll. TFRI). 
<typeStatus id="715E079BFFFA6453FE30FACF2D1C8865" box="[489,602,1333,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingCountry id="D6F2F9A9FFFA6453FDBFFACE2DA78864" box="[614,737,1332,1356]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
. 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FD37FACE2C018865" box="[750,839,1332,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FC88FACE2CFE8865" box="[849,952,1332,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, same collecting data as 
<typeStatus id="715E079BFFFA6453FB0EFACE2A7A8865" box="[1239,1340,1332,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FA91FACE2AD18865" box="[1352,1431,1332,1357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same collecting locality, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FE74FAA22D7B8858" box="[429,573,1368,1392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="1990-07-18">18-VII-1990</date>
, Y. C. Chang, slide TFRI00010165; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FC0EFAA22B628858" box="[983,1060,1367,1392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same collecting locality, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FA9EFAA22F9788BC" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2011-07-20">20-VII- 2011</date>
, leg. S. Wu &amp; W. C. Chang; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FDCFFA862D2388BD" box="[534,613,1404,1429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same collecting data, slide TFRI00128724 (coll. TFRI); 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FB37FA862A7B88BD" box="[1262,1341,1404,1429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Nantou County, Biluxi, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FE94FA5A2E9A8890" box="[333,476,1440,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2011-07-12">12-VII-2011</date>
, leg. C. M. Fu; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FD4EFA5A2C468890" box="[663,768,1439,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Nantou, Turnyuan, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FC2DFA5A2B3C8890" box="[1012,1146,1440,1464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2007-06-23">
23-VI- 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFFA6453FBE6FA5A2B3C8890" box="[1087,1146,1440,1464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.007195" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="2007.195">2007</quantity>
</date>
, 1950 m, leg. C. M. Fu (coll. NMNS); 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FE92FA3E2EEF88F5" box="[331,425,1476,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, Hualien County, Ci’en, 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFFA6453FD1DFA3E2C5B88F4" box="[708,797,1476,1501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="1950.0">1950 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FCF3FA3E2CF688F4" box="[810,944,1476,1500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2011-06-28">28-VI-2011</date>
, leg. S. Wu &amp; W. C. Chang; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FB27FA3E2A0888F5" box="[1278,1358,1476,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same collecting locality, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FEA5FA122D4C8B28" box="[380,522,1512,1536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2011-07-18">18-VII-2011</date>
, leg. S. Wu &amp; W. C. Chang (coll. TFRI); 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FBF1FA122B388B28" box="[1064,1150,1511,1536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Hualien County, Tzuen (= Ci’en), 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFFA6453FECFF9F62E348B0C" box="[278,370,1548,1572]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9899999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="1990.0">1990 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FE5AF9F62D4F8B0D" box="[387,521,1548,1573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="1989-06-26">26-VI-1989</date>
, leg. M. Owada; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FD04F9F62C008B0D" box="[733,838,1548,1573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Taichung County, Wulieng [= Wuling], 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FAC1F9F62F948B60" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="1990-08-10" valueMax="1990-08-12" valueMin="1990-08-10">10-12-VIII- 1990</date>
, leg. M. Owada; 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FE43F9CA2D468B60" box="[410,512,1583,1608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Nantou County, Hotso [Lushan Hot Spring], 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FBF8F9D52B8B8B60" box="[1057,1229,1583,1608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="1973-06-26" valueMax="1973-06-29" valueMin="1973-06-26">26-29-VI-1973</date>
, leg. M. Owada (coll. NSMT); 
<specimenCount id="B8E372B0FFFA6453FE88F9AE2EF98B45" box="[337,447,1620,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, Hualien County, Pilu- Shenmu, 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFFA6453FC89F9AE2CEF8B44" box="[848,937,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFA6453FC6FF9AE2B018B45" box="[950,1095,1620,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" value="2012-07-16">16-VII-2012</date>
, leg. M. Owada &amp; L. C. Shih (coll. ESRI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFFA6453FF1EF9662EC88A99" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFFA6453FF1EF9662EC88A99" blockId="8.[151,1436,1295,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FF1EF9662E078B9D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1692,1717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is superficially similar to 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFFA6453FCD8F9672C388B9D" box="[769,894,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiata">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FCD8F9672C388B9D" box="[769,894,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">C. gladiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFFA6453FC6CF9672B7C8B9D" box="[949,1082,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shanmeii">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FC6CF9672B7C8B9D" box="[949,1082,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">C. shanmeii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wu &amp; Owada 
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FB3CF9662A798B9B" bold="true" box="[1253,1343,1692,1717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">sp. nov.</emphasis>
but it is larger than the other. It occurs in mid to high elevation of montane primary forests, differing from the latter two which occur in low elevations. 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFFA6453FE2FF91F2D2A8BD5" box="[502,620,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maraho">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FE2FF91F2D2A8BD5" box="[502,620,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">C. maraho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be distinguished from these two species in having the apex of labial palpus reaching to ⅓ part of abdomen from base rather then to basal abdomen; the paler body and wing colors, the less curved transversal lines; the region between the antemedial and postmedial lines shaded with dark brown scales; the saccular process more deeply separated from costal process and the distal portion of valva rather than close to them; by the medial part of the vesica expanded rather than narrower; and the medial part of the corpus bursae incised.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFFA6452FF1EF8462ED38EC5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" type="description">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFFA6452FF1EF8462ED38EC5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1295,2005]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFA6453FF1EF8462E1E8AFD" bold="true" box="[199,344,1980,2005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Description.</emphasis>
Measures. Wingspan 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFFA6453FD87F8462D9A8AFC" box="[606,732,1980,2004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="33.0">33–38 mm</quantity>
in males (n= 11); 
<quantity id="691D14DCFFFA6453FC1BF8462B798AFC" box="[962,1087,1980,2004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="30.0">30–31 mm</quantity>
in females (n= 5). Eye large; antenna ciliate, male with a pair of long bristles on each segment, length of bristle 
<date id="DA5B9FF9FFFB6452FBE8FF622B1C8D87" box="[1073,1114,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">2 X</date>
diameter of shaft in median region. Head, all segments of thorax as well as femur, tibia and 1st tarsal segment chocolate brown. Male labial palpus (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFB6452FF2CFF252E0B8DD0" box="[245,333,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 68 – 78" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1357,1381]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,713,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[181,1405,708,1334]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 68 – 78. Male labial palpus of the Cidariplura species. 68. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 69. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 70. C. bilineata (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 71. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), Nepal; 72. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 73. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 74. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China; 75. C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900), S. China; 76. C. ilana Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 77. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 78. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan. Bar scale = 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (68 – 70, 72, 73, 78), NSMT (71, 74, 75, 77), NMNS (76). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247903/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
) specialized as follows: 1st segment very long, upcurved along frons, surpassing vertex, smoothly covered with ordinarary scales; 2nd segment bent at a right angle from the 1st, slender, slightly curved, 1.25 X longer than 1st, reaching the medial part of thorax, internally with specialized ochreous scales which are elongated and enlarged at their apices; 3rd long and stout, nearly as long as 2nd, internally with long ochreous scales which are slender and almost twice as long as those in the 2nd. Labial palpus in female normal, sickle-shaped. Legs normal, male foretibial with presence of a spine at the apex (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFB6452FBA2FE6E2B898C84" box="[1147,1231,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 79 – 89" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1363,1387]" captionTargetBox="[453,1135,199,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[446,1141,194,1342]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 79 – 89. Male foreleg of the Cidariplura species. 79. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 80. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 81. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 82. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 83. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), N. India; 84. C. bilineata (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 85. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 86. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 87. C. ilana Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 88. C. ochreistigma (Leech, 1900), S. China; 89. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China. Bar scale = 1 mm. TFRI (79 – 82, 84, 86), NSMT (83, 85, 88, 89), NMNS (87). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247904/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
). Forewing broad, slightly excurved, apex near right-angled; ground coloration ochreous brown; antemedial and postmedial line distinct, cream white, straight, obliqua and enclosing each other at tornus, the latter slightly incurved at Rstalk; region between two lines darker than remaining parts; orbicular and reniform stigmas white, the former small, the latter moderate size, lunate-shaped; marginal part covered with small black stigma in each cell; marginal scales ochreous brown. Hindwing ochreous brown; discal spot round, dark brown; medial line dark brown, slightly excurved; submarginal part covered with a series of brown triangular spots between vein M1 and tornus; marginal part covered with small black stigma in each cell; marginal scales ochreous brown. Abdomen brown, 8th segment unmodified. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFB6452FD05FD4E2C2F8FE4" box="[732,873,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 35 – 46" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1629,1653]" captionTargetBox="[189,1411,308,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1423,302,1608]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 35 – 46. Male genitalia of the Cidariplura species. 35, 36. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 37, 38. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 39, 40. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 41, 42. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 43, 44. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 45, 46. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45. Male genitalia without aedeagus; 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46. Aedeagus. Bar scale = 1 mm. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (35 – 42, 45, 46), NSMT (43, 44). Photo by Shipher Wu." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247900/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Figs 41, 42</figureCitation>
) – Uncus stout, broad medially. Tegumen and vinculum long; saccus V-shaped. Valva trifurcate, costal process long, sclerotized, distal portion of valva prominent, apex round, membranous, saccular process broader and shorter than that of costa, covered with short hair tufts. Juxta large plate-like, transtilla indistinct. Aedeagus stout, straight, medially expanded, same length as valva; vesica well scobinated, without cornutus. Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="36DEA5BCFFFB6452FC7BFCBE2CB28E75" box="[930,1012,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 57 – 67" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[264,1337,286,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[251,1343,266,1891]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 57 – 67. Female genitalia of the Cidariplura species. 57. C. bilineat a (Wileman &amp; South, 1919), Taiwan; 58. C. brevivittalis (Moore, 1867), Nepal; 59. C. nigrisigna (Wileman, 1915), Taiwan; 60. C. atayal Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 61. C. signata (Butler, 1879), Japan; 62. C. maraho Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 63. C. gladiata Butler, 1879, Taiwan; 64. C. shanmeii Wu &amp; Owada sp. nov., Taiwan; 65. C. nigristigmata (Leech, 1900), S. China; 66." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247902/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
) – Ovipositor lobe membranous with short hair-like setae; both pairs of apophyses slender, moderate length; ductus bursae long, with a pair of broad lateral sclerites flatterned at basal portion. Corpus bursae elliptic, ⅓ X longer than ductus bursae, basal half part strongly wrinkled and incised; ductus seminalis arising from lateral base of corpus bursae, broadened and coiled at basal portion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFFB6452FF1EFC0D2A53891D" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFFB6452FF1EFC0D2A53891D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFB6452FF1EFC0D2E088938" bold="true" box="[199,334,1015,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species is named after the word for leader, “ 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFFB6452FBC8FC0D2B2F8938" box="[1041,1129,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maraho">maraho</taxonomicName>
” in the 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFFB6452FB04FC0D2A6E8938" box="[1245,1320,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atayal">Atayal</taxonomicName>
language. The tribe 
<taxonomicName id="69E5C2BAFFFB6452FED5FBE62E11891D" box="[268,343,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cidariplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atayal">Atayal</taxonomicName>
is one of the dominant indigenous tribes in northern and northern central 
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E6FFEAB2FFFB6452FF1EFBC52ADA8955" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AE5AB939FFFB6452FF1EFBC52ADA8955" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="9C91652BFFFB6452FF1EFBC52D548970" bold="true" box="[199,530,1087,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Distribution and bionomics.</emphasis>
This is a rather rare species endemic in 
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. It is distributed in mid-elevation primary forests of the Central Mountain Range of 
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. The adults occur in late May to July, possibly univoltine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>