162 lines
18 KiB
XML
162 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="DBBBF8009C7F0843C3CFC438B63A2772" ID-CLB-Dataset="32643" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4294.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63581fbe-8a77-429f-91d1-54b2f5040a36" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="832558" ID-ZooBank="00F6974B-2074-4BA4-99A6-B80937D16865" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1500543300940" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence & O’Donnell, Cheryle" docDate="2017" docId="2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4294.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4294 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leptothrips distalis Hood" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="DA198809FFA3AC1CFF9DFFA9FFE84257" masterDocTitle="Predation, phytophagy and character state confusion among North American species of the genus Leptothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae)" masterLastPageNumber="315" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1698465821032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="192F6F5A7B7B870FFEDD79E1E74F43E2">Predation, phytophagy and character state confusion among North American species of the genus Leptothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0A7F8A10842A3E65B27BA6F9DD31B711" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="51F8829022650EE8BDCC1F8E1C08D1D9">Mound, Laurence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3598F550B91AB44C19D535CF41EFDF8">O’Donnell, Cheryle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="146AEF6613C6913D2BF6FAA271230398">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="42A39D631DA5E5F9575EC2E87A2F4450">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3AE1232C6A15A6E38F518C5245546A4D">
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<mods:date id="0DFADD408F4AA88A67E01E200276C67A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7F0F663A2CFF73CEF63B7F0DC02394A8">4294</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C1E725E1B79DA5AB298D5F20CA8A5DCD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4294.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040334" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132550561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6040334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<subSubSection id="E69312ECFFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFE3442E5" box="[151,476,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFE3442E5" blockId="6.[151,476,151,178]" box="[151,476,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="F57EF60BFFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFE3442E5" bold="true" box="[151,476,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFE3442E5" ID-CoL="3TY8L" authority="Hood" authorityName="Hood" box="[151,476,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distalis">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFE3442E5" bold="true" box="[151,476,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFE9542E6" bold="true" box="[151,381,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Leptothrips distalis</emphasis>
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(Hood)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E69312ECFFA5AC1AFF0AFF77FD6A4089" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFA5AC1AFF0AFF77FDF142A3" blockId="6.[151,897,222,306]" box="[151,537,222,244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="8E996649FFA5AC1AFF0AFF77FDF142A3" box="[151,537,222,244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFF0AFF77FDFD42A3" ID-CoL="3JPWH" authority="Hood, 1925: 103" authorityName="Hood" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,533,222,244]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distalis">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFF0AFF77FE8842A3" box="[151,352,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Haplothrips distalis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFA5AC1AFEFAFF77FDFD42A3" author="Hood" box="[359,533,222,244]" page="103" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFA5AC1AFEFAFF77FE0A42A3" author="Hood" box="[359,482,222,244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Hood, J. D. (1925) Six new Thysanoptera from the western United States. Entomological News, 36, 101 - 105." type="journal article" year="1925">Hood, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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: 103
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFA5AC1AFF0AFF54FD624365" blockId="6.[151,897,222,306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="8E996649FFA5AC1AFF0AFF54FD624365" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFF0AFF54FDAD4344" ID-CoL="5DCC9" authority="Mason, 1926: 156" authorityName="Mason" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,581,253,275]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Zygothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFF0AFF54FE6C4344" box="[151,388,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Zygothrips californicus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFA5AC1AFE17FF57FDAD4344" author="Mason" box="[394,581,253,275]" page="156" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFA5AC1AFE17FF57FDF94344" author="Mason" box="[394,529,253,275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Mason, A. C. (1926) Two new species of Thrips from California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 2, 155 - 157." type="journal article" year="1926">Mason, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 156
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Synonymy in
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFA5AC1AFD41FF54FC954344" author="Cott" box="[732,893,253,275]" page="101" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFA5AC1AFD41FF54FCA24344" author="Cott" box="[732,842,253,275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Cott, H. E. (1956) Systematics of the suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera) in California. University of California Publications in Entomology, 13, 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1956">Cott, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 101
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFF0AFEB5FDDE4365" ID-CoL="3TY9D" authority="Johansen, 1987: 33" authorityName="Johansen" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,566,284,306]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFF0AFEB5FE834365" box="[151,363,284,306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Leptothrips pristinus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2F286776FFA5AC1AFEECFEB5FDDE4365" author="Johansen" box="[369,566,284,306]" page="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFA5AC1AFEECFEB5FDF84365" author="Johansen" box="[369,528,284,306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Johansen, R. M. (1987) El genero Leptothrips Hood, 1909 (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) en el continente Americano: su sistematica, filogenia, biogeografia, biologia, conducta y ecologia. Monografias del Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional de Mexico, 3, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1987">Johansen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 33
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFDDDFEB2FD6B4366" bold="true" box="[576,643,283,306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Syn. n</emphasis>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE364167FFA5AC1AFF0AFEF7FD6A4089" blockId="6.[151,1436,350,735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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<materialsCitation id="1EE14B3AFFA5AC1AFF0AFEF7FD6A4089" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1576193762" collectionCode="USNM" county="This" location="The" municipality="western States. It" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectingCounty id="475739EBFFA5AC1AFF0AFEF7FF214320" box="[151,201,350,375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">This</collectingCounty>
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is another member of the genus known only from the
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<collectingMunicipality id="4E52DB1DFFA5AC1AFCB2FEF6FC184321" box="[815,1008,351,375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">western States. It</collectingMunicipality>
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is one of the few species in the genus with a small tooth on the inner margin of the fore tarsus, but is distinguished from two other species with this structure by the presence of several duplicated cilia on the fore wing.
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFC5CFE0FFC0543E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFC5CFE0FFC0543E8" box="[961,1005,422,447]" county="This" municipality="western States. It" name="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">The</location>
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pronotum bears transverse striae, the pronotal mid-lateral setae are present as in
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFD10FE63FCFB43B4" box="[653,787,458,483]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFD10FE63FCFB43B4" box="[653,787,458,483]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">fasciculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the mesonotum is closely striate in contrast to that species (
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<figureCitation id="36B25DE2FFA5AC1AFF6AFE47FEA34050" box="[247,331,494,519]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1517,1540]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1496]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1497]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Leptothrips species of North America—metanotum. (25) mali; (26) papago; (27) purpuratus; (28) fasciculatus; (29) oribates (brevicapitis holotype); (30) occipitalis holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/832568/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="CA183C96FFA5AC1AFEC2FE46FDF14050" author="Cott" box="[351,537,494,519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" refString="Cott, H. E. (1956) Systematics of the suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera) in California. University of California Publications in Entomology, 13, 1 - 216." type="journal article" year="1956">
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFEC2FE46FE674050" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFEC2FE46FE674050" box="[351,399,495,519]" county="This" municipality="western States. It" name="Cott" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Cott</location>
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(1956: 103)
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</bibRefCitation>
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indicated that
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFD22FE47FCF84050" ID-CoL="3JPWH" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1925" box="[703,784,494,519]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distalis">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFD22FE47FCF84050" box="[703,784,494,519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">distalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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had been found breeding in large numbers on a species of
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFF0AFDBBFF1A407C" ID-CoL="35CY" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[151,242,530,555]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Atriplex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFF0AFDBBFF1A407C" box="[151,242,530,555]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Atriplex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFE8BFDBBFE60407C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFE8BFDBBFE60407C" box="[278,392,530,555]" county="This" municipality="western States. It" name="Firebaugh" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Firebaugh</location>
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(near
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFE4EFDBAFDC9407C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFE4EFDBAFDC9407C" box="[467,545,531,555]" county="This" municipality="western States. It" name="Fresno" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Fresno</location>
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) in
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<collectingRegion id="6C4D8F85FFA5AC1AFDD2FDBBFD2C407C" box="[591,708,530,555]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">California</collectingRegion>
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. He stated that the plants were severely damaged by this thrips, and made no reference to the possibility that it might be predatory.
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFC56FD9FFBDA4018" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFC56FD9FFBDA4018" box="[971,1074,566,591]" county="This" municipality="western States. It" name="Johansen" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">Johansen</location>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFB2AFD9EFAF14019" ID-CoL="3TY9D" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[1207,1305,567,590]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFB2AFD9EFAF14019" box="[1207,1305,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">pristinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="6C4D8F85FFA5AC1AFAF4FD9FFEE44024" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
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||
Baja
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<collectingRegion id="6C4D8F85FFA5AC1AFF0AFDF3FEE44024" box="[151,268,602,627]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">California</collectingRegion>
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</collectingRegion>
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, and distinguished it because of the presence on antennal segment IV of a small accessory sense cone on the external margin.
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<location id="AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFEE2FDD6FE0F40C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2620F071FFA5AC1AFF0AFF3EFD6A4089:AB5617BCFFA5AC1AFEE2FDD6FE0F40C1" box="[383,487,639,662]" county="This" municipality="western States. It" name="However" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" stateProvince="California">However</location>
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, as discussed above, the presence of these minute
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFB81FDD7FAE840C0" box="[1052,1280,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">sensilla coeloconica</emphasis>
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||
appears to be unstable in some species, and examination of a
|
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<typeStatus id="7132FFC5FFA5AC1AFD29FD0AFCFC40EC" box="[692,788,675,699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
of
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<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFCA1FD0DFC7640EC" ID-CoL="3TY9D" authorityName="Johansen" authorityYear="1987" box="[828,926,676,699]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Leptothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pristinus">
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<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFCA1FD0DFC7640EC" box="[828,926,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">pristinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(in
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<collectionCode id="C898D9A2FFA5AC1AFC50FD0AFBC840EC" box="[973,1056,675,699]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
) suggests that this species cannot be distinguished satisfactorily from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69893AE4FFA5AC1AFDB7FD6FFD934088" ID-CoL="3JPWH" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1925" box="[554,635,710,735]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CFD9D75FFA5AC1AFDB7FD6FFD934088" box="[554,635,710,735]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">distalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |