241 lines
30 KiB
XML
241 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="728A85724D5BA3410D27C397BB911E62" ID-CLB-Dataset="30125" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7392eb62-5d84-4f6a-8c8a-9f4e351a84a7" ID-PMC="PMC5953965" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-755-1" ID-PubMed="29769836" ID-ZooBank="AADE14787C914355B776C4AEF28347BF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-755-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 755" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" checkinTime="1525801749154" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Onuferko, Thomas M." docDate="2018" docId="00D62FED4EB6E9D557F02FE367F328B7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 755: 1-185" docOrigin="ZooKeys 755" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939" docTitle="Epeolus flavofasciatus Smith 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="D91DD51C1718C109FF8EFFA6FFF3FF9F" masterDocTitle="A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1701379395747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5C386EB8C79A426A380D009B34CC0FEE">A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F750D81B80A3109EAFF8AB533A55B2E">Onuferko, Thomas M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C1347B82119605FA1059E093C13CE302">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="4B3F2B87BA6AB1C1D57EDEDBB0ACF7ED">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="00D62FED4EB6E9D557F02FE367F328B7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143842385" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00D62FED4EB6E9D557F02FE367F328B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/00D62FED4EB6E9D557F02FE367F328B7" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection id="7BCD5865DE9655BF17DF608DFCCF3A83" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7F86033D71F86BFACCB3A6C00E5257CC" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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22.
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<taxonomicName id="14601F8048D870C756AD142CAD924F33" ID-CoL="6FNRC" authority="Smith, 1879" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus flavofasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">Epeolus flavofasciatus Smith, 1879</taxonomicName>
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Figs 2C, 47, 48
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06D97E3DC8A696D714EABE6258180065" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C324DCE8A754F4782D8C78525AE702F7" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="10B9A8A123C48B2BE8F6FE9CC4585C7F" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus flavofasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">Epeolus flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1879. Descr. New Species Hymen.: 103 (♀, ♂), new lectotype designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F7C0A173B6ABF402F1D8D2E198047355" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="A17D8555EAD03E85A99ACB84B42FA1F5" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus flavofasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">Triepeolus flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="A7E21448ED103534E48878ABF64B63D8" author="Cockerell, TDA" journalOrPublisher="Supplement" pageId="165" pageNumber="166" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930409487052" year="1904">Cockerell 1904</bibRefCitation>
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. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 13: 36.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7DA2F32A85F9BC27FDB6F49F77CE89B0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="95158CEA4CD05EEC7C4E6B054E7F57A1" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus agaricifer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agaricifer">Triepeolus agaricifer</taxonomicName>
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Cockerell, 1907c. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20: 60 (♂).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="774AF010D0CA80B416889BCAD5C316C7" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="248BB323CCFF9EC3827C69F4F2C7CFDB" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3FE8EF0361AC16EC9A5C72CE093F01C3" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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The following morphological features in combination can be used to tell
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<taxonomicName id="213F375482AC9D583F09071EAD0F8EE6" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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apart from all other North American
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<taxonomicName id="C69EC2A3D5C62A73AC35ABEC2DF85BB8" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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: the dorsum of the mesosoma and metasoma have bright or pale yellow pubescence, the mesoscutum has distinct paramedian bands, the axilla does not attain the midlength of the mesoscutellum, and T1 has a median triangular or semicircular discal patch.
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<taxonomicName id="636E0F390F1AD4D352D4C52A7ABD12B3" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus canadensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">Epeolus canadensis</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName id="E79B7AA5C06252C457E863AEA2167AC0" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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in that the integument is mostly black, the axilla does not attain the midlength of the mesoscutellum, and T1 has a median triangular or semicircular discal patch, but in
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<taxonomicName id="9426C8EBCE8398D5990C159B9724E469" lsidName="E. canadensis" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="canadensis">E. canadensis</taxonomicName>
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the mesoscutum has a distinct anteromedial patch of pale tomentum instead of paramedian bands.
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<taxonomicName id="DCCD56AE1821E1CEADB6D962775F8DDB" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus flavofasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">Epeolus flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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is quite large for
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<taxonomicName id="75FA703F1BA1B64A4AE5C7CA0DED0751" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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(≥9 mm in length), and the pygidial plate of the male is narrower than that in most species, so males may be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="05D025663809259AF43B6E0211B4ABD0" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
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. However, in
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<taxonomicName id="9C3B71223AF916B029A1ADF034854958" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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the mandible has a blunt, obtuse preapical tooth, whereas in all
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<taxonomicName id="8BE0C5235042B3E2DBAD085632435EB5" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
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the mandible is simple.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DDEAC261DDAF63A380E3198E6E015BB5" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="A409D4657FD452524E992C4BEABEFAAD" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B897BFB13A1BCC72ED48CA51C8F3482C" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">FEMALE: Length 9.6 mm; head length 2.4 mm; head width 3.3 mm; fore wing length 8.5 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="29A54DDB8BC5A847EC7191C1EE89D705" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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Integument coloration. Mostly black; notable exceptions as follows: partially to entirely ferruginous on mandible, antenna, pronotal lobe, tegula, axilla, legs, and pygidial plate. Mandible with apex darker than all but extreme base; preapical tooth lighter than mandibular apex (difficult to see in the
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<taxonomicName id="F8E7BE22EC68730C00131B08EE008555" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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lectotype because mandible closed; described from non-type specimens). Antenna brown except scape, pedicel, and F1 extensively orange. F2 with orange spot basally. Pronotal lobe and tegula pale ferruginous to amber. Wing membrane dusky subhyaline, slightly darker at apex. Legs more extensively reddish orange than brown or black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03F80AF1026E2C6ABF9412698D5792F1" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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Pubescence. Face with tomentum densest around antennal socket. Tomentum slightly sparser on clypeus; upper paraocular and frontal areas, and vertexal area mostly
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<pageBreakToken id="E83309DC9947B6A782A168E35587DEE8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" start="start">exposed</pageBreakToken>
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. Dorsum of mesosoma and metasoma with bands of off-white and bright to pale yellow short appressed setae. Mesoscutum with paramedian band. Mesopleuron sparsely hairy except mesally with densely hairy sigmoid patch and ventrally. Metanotum with tomentum uninterrupted, uniformly black (uniformly pale yellow in the
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<taxonomicName id="D474948D0FD4B42408AE0076064E8BD2" lsidName="E. agaricifer" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="agaricifer">E. agaricifer</taxonomicName>
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holotype and multiple non-type specimens, uniformly black or to varying degrees bright or pale yellow laterally and black medially in other non-type specimens). T1 with median semicircular black discal patch enclosed by pale tomentum (basal fascia widely separated medially and with much tomentum rubbed off in the
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<taxonomicName id="FE3F5D2A73CC056996B55DCEEB54CDA5" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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lectotype, but conspicuously arched and narrowly interrupted medially in non-type specimens). T2-T4 with fasciae complete, T2 with fascia without anterolateral extensions of tomentum. T5 with two large patches of pale tomentum lateral to and separate from pseudopygidial area. T5 with pseudopygidial area lunate, its apex more than twice as wide as medial length, indicated by silvery setae on disc of apicomedial region elevated from rest of tergum. S5 with apical fimbria of coppery to silvery hairs not extending beyond apex of sternum by much more than 1/4 MOD.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="160979D317297DFD58DD76627B51F72D" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Surface sculpture. Punctures dense. Labrum with larger punctures than clypeus, but punctures of both equally dense (i<1d). Small impunctate matte spot lateral to lateral ocellus. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and axilla coarsely and densely rugose-punctate. Tegula very densely punctate mesally (i<1d), less so laterally (i=1-2d). Mesopleuron with ventrolateral half densely punctate (i<1d); mesopleuron with punctures more or less equally dense throughout. Metasomal terga with punctures very fine, dense (i≈1d), evenly distributed on disc.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B90068FCA3F067B52B22AB38EE43B412" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<pageBreakToken id="81E4CED9766F5BC9FAB6BB550763F424" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" start="start">Structure</pageBreakToken>
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. Labral apex with pair of small denticles preceded by submedial pair of small denticles and separated by shallow concavity. Frontal keel not strongly raised. Scape with greatest length 1.7
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<normalizedToken id="734F4674CE2034A8E6D11E3692D4E65E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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greatest width. F2 noticeably longer than wide (L/W ratio = 1.4). Preoccipital ridge not joining hypostomal carina, from which it is separated by about 1.5-2 MOD at its terminal (difficult to see in the
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<taxonomicName id="8E5299570F22B9E4C40D9866DF158FA7" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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lectotype; described from non-type specimens). Mesoscutellum moderately bigibbous. Axilla small to intermediate in size, its lateral margin (L) less than half as long as mesoscutellar width (W) (L/W ratio = 0.4) and tip not extending beyond midlength of mesoscutellum; axilla with tip clearly visible, but unattached to mesoscutellum for less than 1/3 the medial length of axilla; axilla with lateral margin relatively straight and without carina. Fore wing with three submarginal cells. Pygidial plate apically truncate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BEA66A452184CB66795CCD9D40FF90C0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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MALE: Description as for female except for usual secondary sexual characters and as follows: F2 shorter, but still longer than wide (L/W ratio = 1.2); S3-S5 with much longer coppery to silvery subapical hairs, which individually are often darker apically; pygidial plate unusually narrow (
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<taxonomicName id="6209D953ABEA237998C0269EA30F4121" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
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-like) and apically rounded, with large deep punctures closely clustered.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="2D86581556C3C2FA232FC269371B183B" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph id="C4647E958E7B3D8D1CA3369077F20AA0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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Figure 47.
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<taxonomicName id="3AAB11129F7A1D09BB3DF4F323905AB8" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus flavofasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">Epeolus flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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A female, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm) B female, dorsal habitus (scale bar 3 mm) C male, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm), and D female axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm; blue lines indicate the posterior extent of the axilla relative to the length of the mesoscutellum; red lines indicate the extent of the free portion of the axilla relative to its entire medial length).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="20C2E821B92E9B65D60E92D6A0215004" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="21D199487841747E730AEE8217BC492A" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="093D0784773026749AA514257A1E3406" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Mexico, excluding the Baja California Peninsula, and southwestern United States to central America (Fig. 48).</paragraph>
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<caption id="832BCCCDBA4F9333C647E428D8E7857D" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph id="89321964A74499522E193CA1F0E05052" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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Figure 48. Approximate geographic range of
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<taxonomicName id="E435349BCEC803CA53F439C334740525" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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(orange) based on occurrence records known to the author (yellow circles).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="003EE240A168B22DD17FBAF206331F4E" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="06F626E94EEEFC289B54F7CB1D998688" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4DF6514021CF4D6394C7ADCD1ABB5E4A" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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HOST RECORDS: The host species of
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<taxonomicName id="FF8A2220AE9489B3CA9C81F94E731B0A" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
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is/are presently unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E2EB02C920DD9BA342BB61151C36CF1" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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FLORAL RECORDS: Labels of examined voucher specimens indicate floral associations with
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<taxonomicName id="3795363FF2BE105DF752BB553E43F767" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heterotheca subaxillaris" order="Asterales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subaxillaris">Heterotheca subaxillaris</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="647DBA13647988CA87AD69F17998A1AF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia" order="Fabales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vicia</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName id="68B0BA634E86A847F4B937549A402FFB" family="Leguminosae" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D285F2D17B3032B0FF2EE555407BF137" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="23EFEBA913DB2B1738FB1FE7F966B0E9" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="50B78A185FE6D4AAA91D038A436FA8B9" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9799636C0823360518811AECFEE3B950" author="Smith, F" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" title="Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum." year="1879">Smith (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="069E344734F858A06269DD9186FC0B3A" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from both sexes, represented by two syntypes (one female and one male) deposited at the NHMUK. Both specimens were examined, and the female is herein designated as the lectotype because it is in better condition, because most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2E0B885316EB20C225FC1621A4BA830B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. are represented by female name-bearing types, and because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="576A32F17AD152B0AEB20495F8575D64" author="Smith, F" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" title="Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum." year="1879">Smith (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a more complete description of the female. The male syntype at the NHMUK is herein designated as the lectoallotype. Cockerell (1907) described this species under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5671B0D397BDF98FCCCB7F490205B70" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus agaricifer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agaricifer">Triepeolus agaricifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="581BEB75979A4AC9558D3C6A06EC397A" author="Rightmyer, MG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 170" title="A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Triepeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Part I." volume="1710" year="2008">Rightmyer (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="225B5D74EFA6DF44D5CA3FD5E5CE5521" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. I have examined the male holotype specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F572CB794B8F27F97206F4A8FB7D0D0" lsidName="T. agaricifer" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="agaricifer">T. agaricifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and agree with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FE8724E7C53C4D132843AC6141907449" originalValue="Rightmyer’s">Rightmyer's</normalizedToken>
|
||
treatment. Two specimens (both males) were barcoded, one of which is from Southeast Arizona, USA (nearer the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74E8EF9572E6F560A83719754F355D3D" lsidName="T. agaricifer" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="agaricifer">T. agaricifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Beulah, New Mexico, USA) and the other is from Jalisco, Mexico (nearer the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39962B938EC0C0830C4AF707973D2029" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Oaxaca, Mexico), and both were assigned the same BIN. Brumley also described this species under the manuscript name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9F43E929D0077BFE274BB0CA59E1FE8" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus artus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artus">Epeolus artus</taxonomicName>
|
||
[nomen nudum] in 1965.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24B24B1D28C1132DF8F2ED21E53CFA2B" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">There is some intraspecific variation in the pubescence on the metanotum, which ranges from entirely yellow to medially or mostly black, and T1, in which the apical fascia is either complete or interrupted medially, with differences not conforming to any discernable geographic pattern. Based on examined records, the range of this species appears to be quite continuous from the American Southwest to Central America.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B6E537255554E20D3C5F7CCA516230A" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Among the examined specimens of this species is one that appears to be the first known example of bilateral gynandromorphism in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F769C241B130C4B7705414956940AD55" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Material studied). De
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="36D000EBF6FBD5066C45E593A01621B1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" start="start">scriptions</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and images of the aberrant features exhibited by the specimen are published separately (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2CBDC25594F8F9A94A2672A0EDAB56B7" author="Onuferko, TM" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" url="https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i76.7056" year="2018">Onuferko 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0940257C553202827ECB6073033053E4" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1748EBFD2B05D2F480E12217A8ABCE0E" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Material studied.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA84B50AB2E41B83BE360995017D5CC5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Type material. Primary: Mexico: Oaxaca: (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1825ACFF25B5191EBF1244B7CA06EF64" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
lectotype ♀ [NHMUK, catalog number: 010812212]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE021B3DF2CBB3557FD0AC20001FA477" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
USA: New Mexico: Beulah, viii.????, T.D. Cockerell (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E7AB81C75DB0F3BC9BF0989FB017368" lsidName="T. agaricifer" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="agaricifer">T. agaricifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype ♂ [USNM, catalog number: 534034]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63FEB19F9E7B7B94EBC767EA63CAF029" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Secondary: Mexico: Oaxaca: (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC65927B9184BDF66C5F0E1F98E29E3A" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
lectoallotype ♂ [NHMUK, catalog number: 010812250]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8F137DC58731105A3BB3EA516AB08CD" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="2FA3BC525BCF81C0A15DC04C34A183B2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">DNA barcoded material with BIN-compliant sequences.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="69042E4A4F3726DD821D50AFEB132D40" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Available. BOLD:ACZ9233. Specimens examined and sequenced.-Mexico: Jalisco: 8 km N Atemajac de Brizuela, 08.x.2008, L. Packer (1♂, PCYU).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F711796D3FD39EE6256A55697E058A8" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
USA: Arizona: vic. Hannagan Meadow (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="401707B7152E336C5DE2958B29C9911D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.63">33.6300°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B58BD76289A6DE6C565A9C1BCBC21CB" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-109.32">109.3200°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (Greenlee County), 19-20.vii.1998, B. Harris (1♀, LACM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1C418E7C08226CBF28A45DF23925F34C" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D35CEE5D0FF54961637DF77153E52A3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Non-barcoded material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20AF2BAA959AE115974C859E7A4EA9A6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Guatemala: Escuintla:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E4C08B0CA4706CD66E1F50B053DA37E9" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pacaya, 30.xi.1975, S.W.T. Batra (1♀, USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="01F5E60A5E4E8E53B032C2306621900C" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Mexico: Chiapas: San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D36D4D1AF509DB89B046FF6DE8528B0A" originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
|
||
de las Casas, 29.v.1969, W.R.M. Mason (1♀, CNC); Durango: Coyotes (Durango Dist.), 08.viii.1947, D. Rockefeller Exp. Michener (1♀, BBSL);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1E381B8D36DC21694D4E4418C821B63" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DF255F3F9D33AE726A5393C7FCCC6FD3" originalValue="Navíos">Navios</normalizedToken>
|
||
(26 mi E El Salto), 02.viii.1964, L.A. Kelton (1♀, CNC);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8FD9445032E3139F993C2B9BB6AC6747" originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 17 mi N Hidalgo, 29.vii.1962, Univ. Kans. Mex. Expedition (2♀, KUNHM); Hidalgo, 12.vii.1963, F.D. Parker and L.A. Stange (1♂, UCBME); Morelos: 10 mi N Cuernavaca, 15.viii.1954, Univ. Kans. Mex. Expedition (1♀, KUNHM); Sinaloa: Las Palmitas, 13.ix.1977, E.I. Schlinger (2♀, EMEC); Tlaxcala: 8 mi WNW Apizaco, 18.vi.1961, Univ. Kans. Mex. Expedition (1♀, KUNHM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5937A38FEE64088022178498C7259A07" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">USA: Arizona: Catalina Mountains (19 HkHy), 25.vii.1954, G.D. Butler (1♂, KUNHM); Catalina Mountains (24 HkHy), 26.vii.1954, G.D. Butler (1♂, KUNHM); Catalina Mountains (25 HkHy), 14.viii.1954, G. Bohart and G. Butler (1♂, KUNHM); Catalina Mountains (26 HkHy), 14.viii.1954, G. Bohart and G. Butler (1♂, KUNHM), 25.viii.1954, G.D. Butler (1♀, BBSL), 25.viii.1954, G.D. Butler (1♀, KUNHM); Flagstaff (Coconino County), 25.vii.1952, M. Cazier, W. Gertsch, and R. Schrammel (1 chimera, AMNH); Grand Canyon, 19.viii.??39 (1♀, BBSL); Mount Graham (Graham County), 29.viii.1995, J.G. Rozen and S.A. Budick (1♀, AMNH); Pinaleno Mountains (Graham County), 22.viii.1989, Rozen, Foster, and Brewster (1♀, AMNH); Ramsey Canyon (Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County), 1954, W.M. Mann (2♂, USNM); Rose Peak (30 mi N Clifton, Greenlee County), 16.viii.1964, C.D. Michener (1♂, KUNHM); San Francisco Mountains (Flagstaff, Coconino County), 15.viii.1934, E.L. Bell (1♀, AMNH); Santa Catalina Mountains (Pima County), J.L. Neff (1♂, LACM); New Mexico: Sapello Canyon (San Miguel County), 26.vii.??02 (1♂, USNM), 27.vii.??02 (1♀, USNM), 31.vii.-01.viii.1963, T.C. Emmel (1♀, LACM); Texas: Big Bend National Park (Brewster County), 14.viii.1976, R.T. Ross (1♂, UCBME).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |