178 lines
18 KiB
XML
178 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="932BEAFB4211B1B58A0C670BFFA3FD44" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3626.4.14" ID-GBIF-Dataset="777b6dc4-9877-4a7e-8841-487c0701d26c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221769" ID-ZooBank="00EE2336-D60C-49A1-BC40-0FAE551F5DB6" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460582827250" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arias, Andrés & Anadón, Nuria" docDate="2013" docId="038D4504B175EC38FF7D8BD1FF16556F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03626p596.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3626 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chiton Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="595" masterDocId="FFB43D7CB177EC3AFFEA8B46FFF25026" masterDocTitle="Tonicia atrata and Chiton cumingsii (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae): First records in European waters" masterLastPageNumber="596" masterPageNumber="593" pageNumber="595" updateTime="1698324635091" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6FB588C1458286BC3D40DC0D48F16177">Tonicia atrata and Chiton cumingsii (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae): First records in European waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D1758B3644DE6A0D6832EA169A41A46">Arias, Andrés</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A250A5B637E04992E8FAD48588FD51E6">Anadón, Nuria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="21751398A1897854FDF9C37D7A7CC257">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1539D3F16E82ABA4F63BFED358F1FD39">
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<mods:date id="A90F38E29D2689F2A55A7A99CC476413">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F15BBDC7721607407BAAC4E199A732DA">3626</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="51FC32CED54C74763332875A5D0139E5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3626.4.14</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038D4504B175EC38FF7D8BD1FF16556F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149068" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119564205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149068" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D4504B175EC38FF7D8BD1FF16556F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D4504B175EC38FF7D8BD1FF16556F" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<subSubSection id="C33EA799B175EC38FF7D8BD1FF1D517A" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF7D8BD1FDF75097" blockId="2.[151,517,151,177]" box="[151,517,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<heading id="D0D3437EB175EC38FF7D8BD1FDF75097" bold="true" box="[151,517,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF7D8BD1FDF75097" bold="true" box="[151,517,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FF048BD1FDF75097" ID-CoL="7NSNY" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[238,517,151,177]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF048BD1FEB35097" bold="true" box="[238,321,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Chiton</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF7D8B9BFD5E50D2" blockId="2.[151,684,221,244]" box="[151,684,221,244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<typeStatus id="549F4AB0B175EC38FF7D8B9BFF3E50D2" box="[151,204,221,244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FEC78B9BFD5E50D2" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[301,684,221,244]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FEC78B9BFDF350D2" box="[301,513,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Chiton tuberculatus</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF7D8A64FF1D517A" blockId="2.[151,510,290,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FF7D8A64FE0C511C" authority="Frembly, 1827" authorityName="Frembly" authorityYear="1827" box="[151,510,290,314]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF7D8A64FE0C511C" bold="true" box="[151,510,290,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF7D8A64FEA7511C" bold="true" box="[151,341,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Chiton cumingsii</emphasis>
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Frembly, 1827
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="131FE897B175EC38FF7D8A03FF27517A" box="[151,213,325,348]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,205,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[202,1385,194,1817]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. European alien Polyplacophora. Colour polymorphisms in Tonicia atrata specimens A—BOS-CHI 15; B—BOS-CHI 10; C—BOS-CHI 12; D— Chiton cumingsii BOS-CHI 16. All scale bars 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221770/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EA799B175EC38FF7D8ACCFAB551C1" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF7D8ACCFED651E2" blockId="2.[151,1436,394,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF7D8ACCFE895184" bold="true" box="[151,379,394,418]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FE6F8ACCFCF05187" box="[389,770,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Las Palmas Port -Canary Islands,</emphasis>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1092D5B175EC38FCE68ACCFC9A5187" box="[780,872,394,417]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" precision="925" value="28.1">28º06’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1092D5B175EC38FC9D8ACCFC255187" box="[887,983,394,417]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" precision="925" value="-15.416667">15º25’W</geoCoordinate>
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(
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<date id="FF9AD2D2B175EC38FC038ACCFB965187" box="[1001,1124,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" value="2012-08">Aug. 2012</date>
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): BOS-CHI16, BOS-CHI17, BOS-CHI18.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF2D8A89FAB551C1" blockId="2.[151,1436,394,695]" box="[199,1351,463,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF2D8A89FE1451C1" bold="true" box="[199,486,463,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Habitat and distribution:</emphasis>
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On undersides of rocks, lower intertidal areas from
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<collectingCountry id="F333B482B175EC38FBF98A96FBB651C1" box="[1043,1092,464,487]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Peru</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F333B482B175EC38FB8C8A96FB5251C1" box="[1126,1184,464,487]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Chile</collectingCountry>
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(Leloup 1956).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EA799B175EC38FF2D8AB4FE5552B2" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF2D8AB4FE5552B2" blockId="2.[151,1436,394,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF2D8AB4FE06522C" bold="true" box="[199,500,498,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Diagnosis and description:</emphasis>
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Animal with oval shape. Intermediate plates not separated by spaces of exposed mantle, slightly superimposed over one another, growth lines on intermediate plates evident to naked eye. Only jugal area with uniform pale colour, remainder with greyish striped. Girdle with imbricating rhombus-shaped, never whitish scales well ordered one beside another. Tail plates elliptical to round in outline, with subcentral mucro; postmucronal area with concentric growth marks.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EA799B175EC38FF2D89D9FF16556F" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF2D89D9FC735291" blockId="2.[151,1436,394,695]" box="[199,897,671,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF2D89D9FEC55291" bold="true" box="[199,311,671,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The biggest specimen was
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<quantity id="4CDC59F7B175EC38FDB789E6FD5B5291" box="[605,681,672,695]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CDC59F7B175EC38FD0189E6FCC45291" box="[747,822,672,695]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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broad.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF7D89A2FB8A53EA" blockId="2.[151,1437,740,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF7D89A2FED852DA" bold="true" box="[151,298,740,764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Conclusions:</emphasis>
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Many alien species arrived on the Iberian Peninsula as a result of secondary spread from other nearby European countries where their introductions were attributed to ship transport from distant locations such as Asia or South
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<collectingCountry id="F333B482B175EC38FF37886CFECB5367" box="[221,313,810,833]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">America</collectingCountry>
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(Kaas & van Belle 1987; Streftaris at al. 2005). The South American
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FBC5886CFB495367" box="[1071,1211,810,833]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chaetopleuridae" genus="Chaetopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angulata">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FBC5886CFB495367" box="[1071,1211,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<collectingCountry id="F333B482B175EC38FBC5886CFBA35367" box="[1071,1105,810,833]" name="Switzerland" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Ch</collectingCountry>
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. angulata
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was recorded on the Iberian Peninsula in the early 20th century (Hidalgo 1916) and has subsequent expanded along the Bay of Biscay and south of
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<collectingCountry id="F333B482B175EC38FF1D8836FEA353A1" box="[247,337,880,903]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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to the Straits of
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<collectingCountry id="F333B482B175EC38FDE28836FD9A53A1" box="[520,616,880,903]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
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(Anadón 1979; Rolán 1983; Carmona & García 2000). This study revealed the presence of not only
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FE7788D5FDDA538C" box="[413,552,915,938]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chaetopleuridae" genus="Chaetopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angulata">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FE7788D5FDDA538C" box="[413,552,915,938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<collectingCountry id="F333B482B175EC38FE7788D5FE4D538C" box="[413,447,915,938]" name="Switzerland" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">Ch</collectingCountry>
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. angulata
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but also
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FD6588D5FD1B538C" box="[655,745,915,938]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Tonicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FD6588D5FD1B538C" box="[655,745,915,938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">T. atrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula estuaries, demonstrating that
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FA6288D5FF2A53EA" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Tonicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FA6288D5FF2A53EA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">T. atrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not a species that has emerged in recent years, but had been present in the seventies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF2D889EFAAD5499" blockId="2.[151,1437,740,1215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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Generally one explains the arrival of marine exotic species in European waters by the unintentional co-transport of their larvae and/or juveniles into commercial bivalve cultures, mainly clams and oysters from the American continent (Rolán 1983; Zenetos
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FE698F5BFE4B5412" box="[387,441,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">et al.</emphasis>
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2010; Arias & Anadón 2012; Rolán & Horro 2005; Arias
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FBCE8F5BFBA85412" box="[1060,1114,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">et al.</emphasis>
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2012). This may also apply to the introduction of
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FE898F06FE4E5471" box="[355,444,1088,1111]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Tonicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FE898F06FE4E5471" box="[355,444,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">T. atrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to the Iberian Peninsula because the two estuaries with this species are locations of intensive mariculture with high traffic of exotic aquaculture species (Arias & Anadón 2012; Arias
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FBA78F25FB71545C" box="[1101,1155,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">et al.</emphasis>
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2012). On the other hand, for
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FF578FC3FEB654BA" box="[189,324,1157,1180]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF578FC3FEB654BA" box="[189,324,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">C. cumingsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Canary Islands, the “shipping” would be the most plausible way of introduction for this species. Since due to its proximity to a port area,
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FDA08FEEFD225499" box="[586,720,1192,1215]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FDA08FEEFD225499" box="[586,720,1192,1215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">C. cumingsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be introduced either by “biofouling” on the ship’s hulls.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9BF412B175EC38FF2D8FABFF16556F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1261,1353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Schwabe, Zoologische Staatssammlung München, for confirming
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FAD58FABFA685522" box="[1343,1434,1261,1284]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Tonicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atrata">
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FAD58FABFA685522" box="[1343,1434,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">T. atrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B9502800B175EC38FF2F8E56FEA65501" box="[197,340,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="595">
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<taxonomicName id="4C248F91B175EC38FF2F8E56FEA25501" box="[197,336,1296,1319]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="2" pageNumber="595" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">C. cumingsii</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Our thanks are due to the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, which substantially improved the ms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
|
||
</document> |