187 lines
23 KiB
XML
187 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F74C69E9B4728539D609A1758060EA31">A taxonomic review of the mygalomorph spider genus Linothele Karsch, 1879 (Araneae, Dipluridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D516C7E79488CE55D38AF5A5EA92C62">Drolshagen, Bastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="27ED75480BC8AEC10E09F7E9448EBC09">Kolberger Strasse 12 F, 76139 Karlsruhe (Germany) bdrolshagen @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="245A01329A108CC5407E458568BF6873" type="email">bdrolshagen@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0E65AF80FCF64A04376B9B8E521927DB">Bäckstam, Christian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="049A111279692E4FCF870174394E8CAE">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm (Sweden) christian. backstam @ nrm. se</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A8504D8143B2A327C2415679E0A2689F" type="email">backstam@nrm.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="55C72D506EB0F2D0F9BEAF823C4D7936">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4AB75457E67C54B4A11693605AC0EC56">
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<mods:date id="89ED362B2E5955D8E43AE352037EED95">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4B8BE490B207D29A7E7E904D6CB5104E">2021-04-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CCAAE61B6C5A3B00E9422C0FDA967BEF">43</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0386CD35FF82FFBF7580F94E45B39405" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4721147" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181600875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4721147" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386CD35FF82FFBF7580F94E45B39405" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0386CD35FF82FFBF7580F94E45B39405" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">
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<paragraph id="8B907C23FF82FFBE7580F94E46599059" blockId="30.[252,655,1745,1804]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">
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<heading id="D0D8CB4FFF82FFBE7580F94E46599059" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF82FFBE7580F94E468691B9" authority="Chamberlin, 1916" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1916" box="[252,655,1745,1772]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" genus="Brachythele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keithi">
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<emphasis id="B95BA031FF82FFBE7580F94E45B691B9" bold="true" box="[252,447,1745,1772]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">Brachythele keithi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF82FFBE74BAF94D468691B9" author="Chamberlin" box="[454,655,1746,1772]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" pagination="177 - 299" refId="ref24245" refString="CHAMBERLIN R. V. 1916. - Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. The Arachnida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 60: 177 - 299. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2748422" type="journal article" year="1916">Chamberlin, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. rev.
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<emphasis id="B95BA031FF82FFBE74CDF96C46599059" box="[433,592,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3352FA8FF82FFBE75F8F8A545E690C5" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B907C23FF82FFBE75F8F8A547019004" blockId="30.[132,776,1850,1874]" box="[132,776,1850,1874]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3F5B0DFF82FFBE75F8F8A547019004" box="[132,776,1850,1874]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E5A32FF82FFBE75F8F8A546119007" author="CHAMBERLIN R. V." box="[132,536,1850,1874]" page="204" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" year="1916">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF82FFBE75F8F8A546119007" authority="Chamberlin, 1916: 204" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityPageNumber="204" authorityYear="1916" box="[132,536,1850,1874]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" genus="Brachythele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keithi">
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<emphasis id="B95BA031FF82FFBE75F8F8A545209007" box="[132,297,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">Brachythele keithi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF82FFBE7453F8A546119007" author="Chamberlin" box="[303,536,1850,1874]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" page="204" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" pagination="177 - 299" refId="ref24245" refString="CHAMBERLIN R. V. 1916. - Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. The Arachnida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 60: 177 - 299. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2748422" type="journal article" year="1916">Chamberlin, 1916: 204</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 7, fig. 11. comb. rev.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B907C23FF82FFBE75F8F8E645E690C5" blockId="30.[132,495,1912,1937]" box="[132,495,1912,1937]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3F5B0DFF82FFBE75F8F8E645E690C5" box="[132,495,1912,1937]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF82FFBE75F8F8E6451F90C4" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[132,278,1913,1937]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Linothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keithi">
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<emphasis id="B95BA031FF82FFBE75F8F8E6451F90C4" box="[132,278,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">Linothele keithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8E5A32FF82FFBE744CF8E645E390C5" author="GOLOBOFF P. A." box="[304,490,1912,1937]" page="95" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF82FFBE744CF8E645E390C5" author="Goloboff" box="[304,490,1912,1937]" firstAuthor="Goloboff" page="95" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref24707" refString="GOLOBOFF P. A. 1995. - A revision of the South American spiders of the family Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Part I: species from Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History 224: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="1995">Goloboff 1995: 95</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3352FA8FF82FFBE75F8F827470B90BF" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B907C23FF82FFBE75F8F827470B90BF" blockId="30.[132,775,1975,2026]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">
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TYPE MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B47767EFF82FFBE743BF828470B90BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3091159331" accessionNumber="MCZ 15491" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="H. W. Foote" country="Peru" elevation="1524" location="Huadquina" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="MCZ 15491, RVC 147" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B95BA031FF82FFBE743BF82845FA909A" bold="true" box="[327,499,1975,1999]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">
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<typeStatus id="5494C281FF82FFBE743BF82845A1909A" box="[327,424,1975,1999]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3383CB3FF82FFBE74C8F82845EB909A" box="[436,482,1975,1999]" name="Peru" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">Peru</collectingCountry>
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•
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</emphasis>
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indet.;
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<location id="8EF02AF8FF82FFBE773DF82846BA909A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386CD35FF82FFBF7580F94E45B39405:8EF02AF8FF82FFBE773DF82846BA909A" box="[577,691,1975,1999]" country="Peru" name="Huadquina" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">Huadquiña</location>
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;
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<elevation id="00029B10FF82FFBE77C2F82844B890BF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" unit="ft" value="5000.0">
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<quantity id="4CD7D1C6FF82FFBE77C2F828470E909A" box="[702,775,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5000 ft</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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; 1911;
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<collectorName id="26DA19F5FF82FFBE7580F84D457F90BC" box="[252,374,2002,2025]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">H. W. Foote</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<specimenCode id="DB89D458FF82FFBE74D7F84D462E90BF" box="[427,551,2002,2026]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">MCZ 15491</specimenCode>
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(
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<specimenCode id="DB89D458FF82FFBE7751F84D469990BF" box="[557,656,2002,2026]" collectionCode="RVC" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">RVC 147</specimenCode>
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) examined.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3352FA8FF82FFBF7651F9EC45B39405" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B907C23FF82FFBE7651F9EC479891DE" blockId="30.[813,1458,1651,2028]" box="[813,913,1651,1677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B907C23FF82FFBF7651F90D45B39405" blockId="30.[813,1458,1651,2028]" lastBlockId="31.[130,777,215,848]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF82FFBE7651F90D400391F8" author="Chamberlin" box="[813,1034,1682,1709]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" pagination="177 - 299" refId="ref24245" refString="CHAMBERLIN R. V. 1916. - Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. The Arachnida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 60: 177 - 299. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2748422" type="journal article" year="1916">Chamberlin (1916)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF82FFBE71F8F90C40EB91F9" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1156,1250,1682,1708]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Linothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keithi">
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<emphasis id="B95BA031FF82FFBE71F8F90C40EB91F9" box="[1156,1250,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">B. keithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on a single specimen. He noted the labium to be much wider than long for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF82FFBE76F2F94C47E091B9" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[910,1001,1746,1772]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Linothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keithi">
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<emphasis id="B95BA031FF82FFBE76F2F94C47E091B9" box="[910,1001,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">B. keithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF82FFBE715DF94D40FF91B9" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1916" box="[1057,1270,1746,1772]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Diplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolens">
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<emphasis id="B95BA031FF82FFBE715DF94D40FF91B9" box="[1057,1270,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">Diplura monticolens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In the latter, we observed a more subquadrate labium. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF82FFBE701EF96D47B79079" author="Chamberlin" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" pagination="177 - 299" refId="ref24245" refString="CHAMBERLIN R. V. 1916. - Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. The Arachnida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 60: 177 - 299. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2748422" type="journal article" year="1916">Chamberlin (1916)</bibRefCitation>
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legs II and IV are missing, but tarsal scopulae are “dense, extending to base; none divided by a setose line or band.”
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF82FFBE76E4F8CE40459039" author="Goloboff" box="[920,1100,1873,1900]" firstAuthor="Goloboff" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref24707" refString="GOLOBOFF P. A. 1995. - A revision of the South American spiders of the family Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Part I: species from Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History 224: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="1995">Goloboff (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the
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||
<typeStatus id="5494C281FF82FFBE718BF8CE415E903E" box="[1271,1367,1873,1899]" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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to be in extremely poor condition (“reduced to a series of loose fragments”) and tentatively transferred the species to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF82FFBE703BF80E41A190FE" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[1351,1448,1937,1963]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Linothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BA031FF82FFBE703BF80E41A190FE" box="[1351,1448,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="191">Linothele</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, due to the “loose fragments of spinnerets accompanying the specimen, which appear to have corresponded to long spinnerets.”
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF83FFBF75A0FF4845B997A7" author="Chamberlin" box="[220,432,215,242]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" pagination="177 - 299" refId="ref24245" refString="CHAMBERLIN R. V. 1916. - Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. The Arachnida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 60: 177 - 299. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2748422" type="journal article" year="1916">Chamberlin (1916)</bibRefCitation>
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provided measurements for the cephalothorax and the spinnerets, of which he reported “the three joints subequal in length”. As the “cephalothorax” usually includes the chelicerae and the opisthosoma may vary in size, we have to agree the spinnerets seem to have been elongated.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF83FFBF7582FEE845DF96C4" author="Chamberlin" box="[254,470,375,401]" firstAuthor="Chamberlin" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" pagination="177 - 299" refId="ref24245" refString="CHAMBERLIN R. V. 1916. - Results of the Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. The Arachnida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 60: 177 - 299. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2748422" type="journal article" year="1916">Chamberlin (1916)</bibRefCitation>
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explicitly mentioned “conspicuously curved” tarsi for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF83FFBF74C8FE09468096E5" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1916" box="[436,649,406,432]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Diplura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticolens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BA031FF83FFBF74C8FE09468096E5" box="[436,649,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="192">Diplura monticolens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not so for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF83FFBF75D1FE2945609685" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1916" box="[173,361,438,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" genus="Brachythele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BA031FF83FFBF75D1FE2945609685" box="[173,361,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="192">Brachythele keithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF83FFBF7406FE2946389684" author="Goloboff" box="[378,561,438,465]" firstAuthor="Goloboff" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref24707" refString="GOLOBOFF P. A. 1995. - A revision of the South American spiders of the family Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Part I: species from Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History 224: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="1995">Goloboff (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further mentioned only 10 maxillary cuspules and “the epigastrium dissected and at least some parts of it placed in a separate microvial, but with no detectable spermathecae”. The largest intact part we were able to find in the vial of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494C281FF83FFBF7763FDA946769505" box="[543,639,566,592]" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was a single maxilla with all cuspules broken off and no lyra visible. As none of the spinnerets, or leg tarsi was still intact, the transfer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF83FFBF75DEFD09450A95E5" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[162,259,662,688]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Linothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BA031FF83FFBF75DEFD09450A95E5" box="[162,259,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="192">Linothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE01D2FF83FFBF7451FD0945EB95E5" author="Goloboff" box="[301,482,661,688]" firstAuthor="Goloboff" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref24707" refString="GOLOBOFF P. A. 1995. - A revision of the South American spiders of the family Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Part I: species from Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History 224: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="1995">Goloboff (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cannot be confirmed with certainty. Despite its incorrect placement in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF83FFBF771CFD2A46DE959A" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[608,727,693,719]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" genus="Brachythele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BA031FF83FFBF771CFD2A46DE959A" box="[608,727,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="192">Brachythele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the type is too fragmented to allow for a certain placement. As a result,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF83FFBF75B2FD6A4578945A" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[206,369,757,783]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Linothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BA031FF83FFBF75B2FD6A4578945A" box="[206,369,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="192">Linothele keithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is transferred back to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF83FFBF771DFD6A46D1945A" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[609,728,757,783]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" genus="Brachythele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BA031FF83FFBF771DFD6A46D1945A" box="[609,728,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="192">Brachythele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to original designation and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F07A0FF83FFBF74CBFC8A467A947A" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1916" box="[439,627,789,815]" class="Arachnida" family="Nemesiidae" genus="Brachythele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BA031FF83FFBF74CBFC8A467A947A" box="[439,627,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="192">Brachythele keithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. rev. is considered a
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BA031FF83FFBF746EFCA945BA941A" box="[274,435,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="192">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |