684 lines
88 KiB
XML
684 lines
88 KiB
XML
<document id="15AB5EB4B35198ADA170BF71A54D44D5" ID-CLB-Dataset="5852" ID-DOI="10.1206/3867.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1d6299e9-5c62-4abd-be37-59efcb217cbf" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598386" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615481346733" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Velazco, Paúl M. & Novacek, Michael J." docDate="2016" docId="0386879BFB169C65FE4131E888E9FDBA" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2016.3867.1-42.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2016 (3867)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3867.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Palaeictops altimontis Velazco & Novacek 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFBFFFE3FB049C78FF8C346B881CFF9C" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the genus Palaeictops Matthew, 1899 (Mammalia: Leptictidae), with the description of two new species from the Middle Eocene of Utah and Wyoming" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698934683797" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="42C4F8938AA2DAFAF149457EF0F87630" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C42CE339448B69DAFC17F1313AE2DFEE">
|
||
<mods:title id="2DA055161D14396F58F594E812F2D523">Systematics of the genus Palaeictops Matthew, 1899 (Mammalia: Leptictidae), with the description of two new species from the Middle Eocene of Utah and Wyoming</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="17924CC197D9FEF3D60C83D7BFB9C210" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AD9DBB0E784A820BF291D276E49F3717">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F8FE6781C97E107E23D0CEAB8C98F99F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BA0B6668E8D7F2719F0C790C64198814">Velazco, Paúl M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3B08DE0E0FA9AD672D08D2DECA4B3272" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C5D446DA49A59CA37F65E6ADA6B3E510">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4D3A48511EC0E5BF9B518BAD9DCA07A5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="69F7D34478CB187E3013063054455EA3">Novacek, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="02BB1FA275FFD93C1B80D1EDEDF6B176">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="D5ABC2BEEB32CD7BF16214DEDA981442" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A13528FF516BA275165A73F54FE9181E">
|
||
<mods:title id="D93C5C44BC166DB1E1C744EF85DCD0FB">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="ACE826743E16D7F245BF62F4E6D794AD">
|
||
<mods:date id="A09F4E09D5577B21AF233DEDEB3592B9">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="26F8E0948DBF9BED2B4C169F448AE8F3" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="72B13D6E0D98F04363FABBFE5260A506">2016-11-18</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="32E9D92D26BE73E9AD678850976B3765" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0A348097594164D335A9CF0B0B673858">2016</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="584F380B6D4460FD5FD26681B323040A" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="5D78B2B16B4147E6787B7AD2DD6B9EDD">3867</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="D5BAC2EB42F8F1F03C9961ADC0CF8766" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="E9BC13CD62BA08471ECAB8D8FB8297CC">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="B9CDF19259DC4812D28DB393A3C7DC75">42</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="D746E56A626D440F68011D3F2CA8523C">
|
||
<mods:url id="B78B6F01578F47DA2E1F41E45FF8D29C">http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3867.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8B25349F2F075886A49A9F8413C7107D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EADB98D285E06E4801BDFD4C0ED96CA7" type="CLB-Dataset">5852</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7BB2C2E7313DEB4B3413481AC4CC94F4" type="DOI">10.1206/3867.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="023FCDB90DB2040DD29A5DE42FEA55CB" type="GBIF-Dataset">1d6299e9-5c62-4abd-be37-59efcb217cbf</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5CBDFE9478BD45B921D0C3F213DDC180" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="82BE9C29F93BA7752EED1E0861CDD5A4" type="Zenodo-Dep">4598386</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0386879BFB169C65FE4131E888E9FDBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056601" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056601" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386879BFB169C65FE4131E888E9FDBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0386879BFB169C65FE4131E888E9FDBA" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB169C6AFE4131E88B6FFA01" box="[461,883,1411,1438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB169C6AFE4131E88B6FFA01" blockId="18.[461,883,1411,1438]" box="[461,883,1411,1438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0D881E1FB169C6AFE4131E88B6FFA01" box="[461,883,1411,1438]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB169C6AFE4131E88AC3FA01" bold="true" box="[461,735,1411,1438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB169C6AFE4131E88AC5FA02" authority="Velazco & Novacek, 2016" authorityName="Velazco & Novacek" authorityYear="2016" box="[461,729,1411,1438]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB169C6AFE4131E88AC5FA02" bold="true" box="[461,729,1411,1438]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E4FB169C6AFD6431EF8B6FFA01" box="[744,883,1411,1438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB169C6AFD8431D08B24FA49" box="[520,824,1467,1494]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB169C6AFD8431D08B24FA49" blockId="18.[520,824,1467,1494]" box="[520,824,1467,1494]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0D881E1FB169C6AFD8431D08B24FA49" box="[520,824,1467,1494]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="7">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A08FB169C6AFD8431D08A9BFA4A" box="[520,647,1467,1494]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[120,162,997,1018]" captionTargetBox="[323,1022,224,969]" captionTargetId="figure-176@11.[649,1025,220,973]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. Right maxilla in occlusal view, scaled to approximately the same size for comparison. A, Palaeictops bicuspis AMNH 4802 (P1 [missing], P2 [broken], P4–P5, M1–M2, M3 [broken]); B, Palaeictops altimontis AMNH 96250 (P1–P2, DP4–DP5, M1–M3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598397/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figures 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A08FB169C6AFD1831D08AC1FA4A" box="[660,733,1467,1494]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="24.[120,162,1117,1138]" captionStartId-1="25.[120,162,1472,1493]" captionStartId-2="28.[120,162,1413,1434]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1078,229,1066]" captionTargetBox-1="[196,1149,224,1434]" captionTargetBox-2="[240,1119,231,1380]" captionTargetId-0="figure-165@24.[142,1201,224,1090]" captionTargetId-1="figure-104@25.[196,1149,224,1445]" captionTargetId-2="figure-43@28.[212,1132,224,1385]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionText-0="FIG. 13. The skull of Palaeictops altimontis AMNH 96250 (holotype): A, dorsal view and B, stereograph of ventral view with accompanying line drawing. Abbreviations: AS (Ect. Cr.), ectopterygoid crest of the alisphenoid; Eth. F., ethmoidal foramen; For. Ov., foramen ovale; FR, frontal; Infra. Ca., infraorbital canal; LA, lacrimal; Lacr. F., lacrimal foramen; Lambd. Cr., lambdoidal crest; Min. Pal. F., minor palatine foramen; Med. Lon. Fis., medial longitudinal fissure; MX, maxilla; NA, nasal; PA, parietal; PL, palatine; Postpal. Tor., postpalatine torus; PT (Ent. Cr.), entopterygoid crest (of pterygoid); Sag. Cr., sagittal crest; SQ, squamosal. Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 14. Stereograph of the left ear region of Palaeictops altimontis AMNH 96250 (holotype) in ventral view with accompanying line drawing. Abbreviations: BO, basioccipital; Epitym. Rec., epitympanic recess; Glas. Fis., glaserian fissure; Glen. Fos., glenoid fossa; Mas. Tub., mastoid tubercle; Me. Br., meatal bridge of the squamosal; Occ. Cond., occipital condyle; Postglen. F., postglenoid foramen; Post. Lac. F., posterior lacerate foramen; Prom., promontorium; Prom. A., canal for promontory artery; Stap. A., canal for stapedial artery; Stap. F., stapedius fossa; Styl. F., stylomastoid foramen. Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 15. The mandible of Palaeictops altimontis AMNH 96250 (holotype), containing left p2, and p4–m3 and right p4, p5 (damaged), and m1–m3. A, left lateral and B, right lateral views. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598417" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598419" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598421" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4598417/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4598419/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4598421/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">13–15</figureCitation>
|
||
, table 1
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB169C6AFFF4319E89FEF991" box="[120,482,1525,1549]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB169C6AFFF4319E89FEF991" blockId="18.[120,482,1525,1549]" box="[120,482,1525,1549]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3F11A3FB169C6AFFF4319E89FEF991" box="[120,482,1525,1549]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB169C6AFFF4319E88F0F991" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[120,236,1525,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB169C6AFFF4319E88F0F991" box="[120,236,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8E109CFB169C6AFE94319E89C2F991" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[280,478,1525,1549]" page="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB169C6AFE94319E89C2F991" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[280,478,1525,1549]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref15221" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1977. A review of Paleocene and Eocene Leptictidae (Eutheria, Mammalia) from North America. PaleoBios 24: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1977">Novacek, 1977: 21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB169C6AFF2432408C4CF90D" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB169C6AFF2432408C4CF90D" blockId="18.[120,1226,1579,1755]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B473CD0FB169C6AFF2432408C4CF90D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312945307" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="AMNH 96250" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494882FFB169C6AFF2432408934F9D9" box="[168,296,1579,1605]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB899EF6FB169C6AFEB9324789C1F9DA" box="[309,477,1579,1606]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">AMNH 96250</specimenCode>
|
||
(figs. 5B, 13B), consisting of a nearly complete skull that retains P1–P2, DP4–DP5, M1–M3 on the left side; the right side retains P5–M3. Left ramus with p2, and p4–m3 (fig. 15A–B). Right ramus with p4, p5 (damaged), and m1–3 (fig. 15B).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB169C6BFF2432F78B96FC52" blockId="18.[120,1226,1579,1755]" lastBlockId="19.[120,1227,948,1721]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
REFERRED SPECIMENS: AMNH 88400, right ramus with p4–5; AMNH 101955, left ramus with P2, P5; AMNH 105032, left ramus with p4, m3; AMNH 99301, left maxilla with P4–M3;
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB179C6BFFF437DF8B96FC52" box="[120,906,948,975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B473CD0FB179C6BFFF437DF8B9AFC52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312945303" box="[120,902,948,975]" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="AMNH 113880" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB899EF6FB179C6BFFF437DF892EFC52" box="[120,306,948,974]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">AMNH 113880</specimenCode>
|
||
, left ramus with p4–m3. All from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494882FFB179C6BFD7837DE8B3BFC53" box="[756,807,949,975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF506605FB179C6BFFF437238CD5FCE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598407/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[120,160,840,861]" targetBox="[319,1025,224,812]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB179C6BFFF437238CD5FCE6" blockId="19.[120,1225,837,891]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
FIG. 9. Right ramus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFED1372D8A92FCC2" authority="FMNH P" authorityName="FMNH P" box="[349,654,838,862]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matthewi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFED1372D8A30FCC2" box="[349,556,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Palaeictops matthewi</emphasis>
|
||
FMNH P
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
26904 (holotype), containing c–p1 (broken), p2–p5, m1– m2 (broken), and root of i2, in (clockwise from upper left) medial, occlusal, and lateral views. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB179C6BFF2437B18B05FBA2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB179C6BFF2437B18B05FBA2" blockId="19.[120,1227,948,1721]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
TYPE HORIZON AND LOCALITY: Unit 24 (bone bed A) East Fork Basin, northeast of Dubois, Freemont Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EBF86FFB179C6BFEAB37948981FB85" box="[295,413,1023,1049]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD79B68FB179C6BFE7D37958A51FB85" box="[497,589,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="500.0">500 feet</quantity>
|
||
above the local base of the Tepee Trail Formation (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB179C6BFFF4304E8972FBA2" author="McKenna, M. C." box="[120,366,1060,1087]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="321 - 343" refId="ref14932" refString="McKenna, M. C. 1980. Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary vertebrate paleontological reconnaissance, Togwotee pass area, northwestern Wyoming. In L. L. Jacobs (editor), Aspects of vertebrate history: essays in honor of Edwin Harris Colbert: 321 - 343. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona Press." type="book chapter" year="1980">McKenna, 1980: 337</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Middle Eocene (Uintan NALMA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB179C6BFF2430228BA2FB15" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB179C6BFF2430228BA2FB15" blockId="19.[120,1227,948,1721]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFD8230228A58FBFF" box="[526,580,1097,1123]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">altus</emphasis>
|
||
, “high,” and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFD6C30218B39FBFF" box="[736,805,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">mons,</emphasis>
|
||
“mountain.” Refers to the dramatic montane settings of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5494882FFB179C6BFE14300489D7FB15" box="[408,459,1135,1161]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB179C6BFDEA30048AF4FB15" author="Love, J. D." box="[614,744,1135,1161]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref14545" refString="Love, J. D. 1939. Geology along the southern margin of the Absaroka Range, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Special Papers 20: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1939">Love, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB179C6BFD7830048BAEFB15" author="McKenna, M. C." box="[756,946,1135,1161]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="321 - 343" refId="ref14932" refString="McKenna, M. C. 1980. Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary vertebrate paleontological reconnaissance, Togwotee pass area, northwestern Wyoming. In L. L. Jacobs (editor), Aspects of vertebrate history: essays in honor of Edwin Harris Colbert: 321 - 343. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona Press." type="book chapter" year="1980">McKenna, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB179C6CFF2430FF8AB0FB82" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB179C6CFF2430FF8AB0FB82" blockId="19.[120,1227,948,1721]" lastBlockId="20.[120,1226,953,1727]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS: Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFEE730FF8A59FB32" box="[363,581,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bridgeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFEE730FF8A59FB32" box="[363,581,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Palaeictops bridgeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having p5 with open prefossid and shortened talonid, but differs in smaller size, in lacking an anterior accessory cuspule at labial base of paraconid; p5 metaconid aligned less obliquely relatively to protoconid; more anteroposteriorly compressed trigonid on m2; and less transverse M2 with a deeper ectoflexus. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFC75316E8C77FA82" box="[1017,1131,1284,1310]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFC75316E8C77FA82" box="[1017,1131,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. bicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFBF4316E88D7FADF" authorityName="Van Valen" authorityYear="1967" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFBF4316E88D7FADF" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P.multicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFE8631418992FADF" box="[266,398,1321,1347]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matthewi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFE8631418992FADF" box="[266,398,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. matthewi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having smaller, more anteriorly separated paraconid on p5 and lower trigonids on m1–3. Skull like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFE5431248A50FAF5" box="[472,588,1359,1385]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFE5431248A50FAF5" box="[472,588,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. bicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFD5B31248B29FAF4" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[727,821,1359,1384]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFD5B31248B29FAF4" box="[727,821,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having single sagittal crest (fig. 13A). Skull like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFEBC311E8992FA12" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[304,398,1397,1422]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFEBC311E8992FA12" box="[304,398,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFD9C311E8A9EFA12" box="[528,642,1396,1422]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFD9C311E8A9EFA12" box="[528,642,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. bicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having posteriorly narrow nasal elements. Basicranium differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFEFC31F189D2FA2F" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[368,462,1434,1459]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFEFC31F189D2FA2F" box="[368,462,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf. fig. 14 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB179C6BFDF331F28B36FA2F" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[639,810,1433,1459]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref15252" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level calssification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183 (1): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1986">Novacek, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 22) in having: (1) a postglenoid foramen positioned more laterally and farther from the anteroexternal edge of the tympanic cavity; (2) a more transversely flared basioccipital that overlaps ventrally the promontorium of the petrosal; (3) shallower grooves on the promontorium for the promontory and stapedial branches of the internal carotid artery; (4) a posterior lacerate foramen only slightly larger than the stapedius fossa (much larger and more oval than stapedius fossa in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB179C6BFC38323E8C0CF9F2" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[948,1040,1621,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB179C6BFC38323E8C0CF9F2" box="[948,1040,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (5) a cochlear fossula with a more expanded, dorsal rim; (6) a narrower bridge of the mastoid tubercle of the petrosal extending from ventral rim of the cochlear fossula between the stylomastoid foramen and stapedius fossa; (7) a paraoccipital process that is less extensive, so that the distance is shorter between stylomastoid foramen and posterior margin of basicranium; and (8) a shallower groove on paraoccipital process for the digastric muscle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF506605FB109C6CFFF5372E8935FC09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598409/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[121,162,837,858]" targetBox="[316,1029,224,810]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB109C6CFFF5372E8935FC09" blockId="20.[120,1225,835,918]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
FIG. 10. Left ramus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB109C6CFED437288A97FCC7" authority="FMNH P" authorityName="FMNH P" box="[344,651,835,859]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matthewi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB109C6CFED437288A34FCC7" box="[344,552,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Palaeictops matthewi</emphasis>
|
||
FMNH P
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
26904 (holotype), containing c (broken), p1, p2 (broken), p4–p5, m1–m3 (broken), and root of i2, in (clockwise from upper left) medial, occlusal, and lateral views. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB109C64FF2430428CAAF92D" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB109C6CFF2430428B55FA43" blockId="20.[120,1226,953,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS: The front of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB109C6CFCE830428C47FBDF" authorityName="Velazco & Novacek" authorityYear="2016" box="[868,1115,1065,1091]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB109C6CFCE830428C47FBDF" box="[868,1115,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 96250) is badly damaged (fig. 13A–B), and the premaxillae are not preserved, except for a small nasal process on the right side of the skull. Most of the paired nasal elements can be seen in dorsal view (fig. 13A). Posteriorly the nasals are narrow, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB109C6CFD7330F18B46FB2F" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[767,858,1178,1203]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB109C6CFD7330F18B46FB2F" box="[767,858,1178,1203]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, unlike the latter, the contact of the nasal and the frontal is along a more obliquely oriented suture (fig. 13A). It is difficult to ascribe much taxonomic significance to this difference, as the form of this suture varies to some degree in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB109C6CFEC5316189BAFABF" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[329,422,1290,1315]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB109C6CFEC5316189BAFABF" box="[329,422,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the right side of the skull, the maxilla has been displaced laterally, and the contact of this element with the nasal is marked by a faint ridge that divides the dorsal (horizontal) process of the nasal from a more vertically oriented process (fig. 13A). From this, it is clear that the maxilla overlaps the nasal for a considerable extent on the skull roof and nasalfacial exposure (fig. 13A). Differential growth of the maxilla and nasal may thus account for the relatively narrowed nasal exposure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB109C6CFDA231AF8AB7FA42" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[558,683,1476,1502]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB109C6CFDA231AF8AB7FA42" box="[558,683,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB109C6CFD6A31AE8B5EFA42" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[742,834,1477,1502]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB109C6CFD6A31AE8B5EFA42" box="[742,834,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB109C6DFF2431828905FA9F" blockId="20.[120,1226,953,1727]" lastBlockId="21.[120,1225,1145,1732]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The maxilla has a broad contact with the frontal along an oblique suture (fig. 13A). The condition resembles that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB109C6CFD8332648A6EF9B4" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[527,626,1551,1576]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB109C6CFD8332648A6EF9B4" box="[527,626,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB109C6CFD2432648B8AF9B5" box="[680,918,1551,1577]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB109C6CFD2432648B8AF9B5" box="[680,918,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Palaeictops bicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this contact is narrower, because the posterior nasals are much broader in their contact with the frontals (fig. 2A). The antorbital fossa is distinct, though shallower than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB109C6CFCCA32318BB7F9EF" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[838,939,1626,1651]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB109C6CFCCA32318BB7F9EF" box="[838,939,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ventral border of the fossa is marked by a pronounced ridge. The anterior foramen of the infraorbital canal (preserved only on the right side of the skull) is a circular, but somewhat smaller, opening than in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB119C6DFE873011896CFB0F" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[267,368,1146,1171]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB119C6DFE873011896CFB0F" box="[267,368,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 13A–B). As in the latter, the infraorbital canal is relatively short in length; it opens above M1 (fig. 13A–B). Unfortunately, the important relationships of the maxilla with other elements of the orbital region cannot be seen due to poor preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF506605FB119C6DFFF430498B1EFBC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598413/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[120,162,1058,1079]" targetBox="[160,1184,224,1030]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB119C6DFFF430498B1EFBC9" blockId="21.[120,1224,1056,1110]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
FIG. 11. Left ramus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB119C6DFED7304B8A8FFBA4" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[347,659,1056,1080]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB119C6DFED7304B8A23FBA4" box="[347,575,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Palaeictops multicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
14741 (holotype), including p2–m3, in (clockwise from upper left) medial, occlusal, and lateral views. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB119C6DFF2431648A90F9B3" blockId="21.[120,1225,1145,1732]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The palatine has a basically similar construction as that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB119C6DFCE631648BD6FAB4" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[874,970,1295,1320]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB119C6DFCE631648BD6FAB4" box="[874,970,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Its posterior margin (coincident with the posterior margin of the palate) lies between the last molars (fig. 13B). The margin is biconcave with a distinct, rounded postpalatine torus (fig. 13A–B). The minor palatine foramen is a large opening in the pars perpendicularis that meets the pterygoid (fig. 13A– B). The dorsally trending route of the minor palatine foramen cannot be traced as orbital foramina are obscured by damage. It appears, however, that the dorsal exit of the minor palatine foramen and the sphenopalatine foramen were in closed proximity within a shallow depression, a condition also seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB119C6DFDAB327E8A9AF9B2" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[551,646,1557,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB119C6DFDAB327E8A9AF9B2" box="[551,646,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB119C6DFF2432528C58F958" blockId="21.[120,1225,1145,1732]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The lacrimal is a small triangular element vaguely demarcated on both sides of the skull (fig. 13A–B). As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB119C6DFEE8323489D8F9E4" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[356,452,1631,1656]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB119C6DFEE8323489D8F9E4" box="[356,452,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lacrimal foramen is confined fully within the orbit. It faces posteriorly and lies directly below the dorsal ridge of the lacrimal (fig. 13A–B). A lacrimal tubercle is present, though it appears much weaker than this structure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB119C6DFC5232C18C21F95F" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[990,1085,1706,1731]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB119C6DFC5232C18C21F95F" box="[990,1085,1706,1731]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF506605FB129C6EFFF4300489A7FB23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598415/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[120,162,1135,1156]" targetBox="[120,1224,224,1108]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB129C6EFFF4300489A7FB23" blockId="22.[120,1225,1133,1215]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
FIG. 12. Right ramus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB129C6EFEFC30068AB7FB19" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[368,683,1133,1157]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB129C6EFEFC30068A4AFB19" box="[368,598,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Palaeictops multicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
14741 (holotype), including p4–m3 and alveoli for a double-rooted p2, single rooted canine, and three incisors, in (clockwise from upper left) lateral, occlusal, and medial views. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB129C6EFF24308C89CDFAD1" blockId="22.[120,1227,1255,1733]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">The jugal is not preserved, but a broken, rugose surface on the anterior root of the zygoma suggests that this element contacted the lacrimal (a common and probably primitive eutherian trait seen in other leptictids).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB129C6EFF24313C8C53F9B2" blockId="22.[120,1227,1255,1733]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The frontal is poorly demarcated in the orbit, so it is impossible to determine whether it was isolated from the orbital process of the maxilla by the intrusive palatine. Its separation from the maxilla, however, seems likely, because the palatine-maxillary boundary lies directly above the pars perpendicularis of the palatine. This relationship is like that in
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB129C6EFCC931A28BBBFA7E" box="[837,935,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB129C6EFCC931A28BBFFA7E" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[837,931,1481,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptictis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Accordingly, it’s probable that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB129C6EFF203185893AF994" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[172,294,1518,1544]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB129C6EFF203185893AF994" box="[172,294,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shared with the latter the same orbital mosaic. A small ethmoidal foramen is preserved near the frontal-orbitosphenoid suture in the right side of the skull (fig. 13A–B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB129C6FFF2432528C04FB4F" blockId="22.[120,1227,1255,1733]" lastBlockId="23.[120,1227,1097,1758]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The most notable feature of the skull roof is the single sagittal crest, which is best exposed in the posterior parietal near the junction of the sagittal and lambdoidal crests (fig. 13A). More anteriorly, bone is missing and the brain endocast underneath shows the medial longitudinal fissure (fig. 13A). In addition to having only a single median sagittal crest, this skull differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB139C6FFF3730218907FBFF" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[187,283,1098,1123]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB139C6FFF3730218907FBFF" box="[187,283,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in showing much less sculpturing for attachment of the temporalis muscle on the parietal and squamosal. This, in combination with the comparatively smaller postglenoid process, suggests a weaker development of the temporalis complex of the jaw-closing apparatus. As noted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB139C6FFE8630D289DAFB48" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[266,454,1209,1236]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref15252" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level calssification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183 (1): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1986">Novacek (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB139C6FFE5830D18A28FB4F" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[468,564,1210,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB139C6FFE5830D18A28FB4F" box="[468,564,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a strong emphasis of orthal shear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB139C6FFF2430B58B59FA28" blockId="23.[120,1227,1097,1758]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Another interesting feature of the skull roof in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB139C6FFD6630B48B57FB64" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[746,843,1247,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB139C6FFD6630B48B57FB64" box="[746,843,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the extension of the parietal around the lambdoidal crest and its exposure as a small triangular process on the occiput. On the left side of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB139C6FFE2331428AB6FADF" authorityName="Velazco & Novacek" authorityYear="2016" box="[431,682,1321,1347]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB139C6FFE2331428AB6FADF" box="[431,682,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is a break that may indicate the boundary between the parietal and interparietal, suggesting that the parietal in this form also developed an occipital process. Unfortunately, because of poor preservation, this rather anomalous mammalian condition is not clearly identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB139C6FFD3331F28B22FA2F" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[703,830,1433,1459]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB139C6FFD3331F28B22FA2F" box="[703,830,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB139C6FFF2431D48934F9D4" blockId="23.[120,1227,1097,1758]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Features of the orbitosphenoid and alisphenoid in the orbit are not clearly preserved (fig. 13B). The presphenoid appears to have a ventral median keel as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB139C6FFC04318E8BFBFA62" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[904,999,1509,1534]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB139C6FFC04318E8BFBFA62" box="[904,999,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the left side of the skull, there appears to be a short, but badly damaged alisphenoid canal just anterior to the foramen ovale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB139C60FF24323F8987FA28" blockId="23.[120,1227,1097,1758]" lastBlockId="24.[120,1226,1358,1759]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The pterygoid shows prominent, vertical, entopterygoid crests that form the medial walls of the ectopterygoid fossae (fig. 13A–B). Although this region is damaged, there is evidence for the presence of lateral ectopterygoid crests of the alisphenoid, indicated by the extensive development of the fossae and the flaring of a ridge on the right side of the skull that lies lateral to the entopterygoid crests (fig. 13A–B). As noted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB1C9C60FD5A31248BA1FAF5" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[726,957,1358,1385]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref15252" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level calssification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183 (1): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1986">Novacek (1986: 45)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
it is probable that the manner in which the internal pterygoid muscles originated from the skull is quite similar in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1C9C60FFF631F288E6FA2F" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[122,250,1433,1459]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FFF631F288E6FA2F" box="[122,250,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1C9C60FEB931F18988FA2F" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[309,404,1434,1459]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FEB931F18988FA2F" box="[309,404,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF506605FB1C9C60FFF4303689B4FABE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598417/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[120,162,1117,1138]" targetBox="[162,1078,229,1066]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1C9C60FFF4303689B4FABE" blockId="24.[120,1225,1115,1315]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
FIG. 13. The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1C9C60FEDE30308A9AFBEF" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[338,646,1115,1139]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FEDE30308A2DFBEF" box="[338,561,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
96250 (holotype):
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FCC030308B79FBEF" bold="true" box="[844,869,1115,1139]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FB9B30308C31FBEF" bold="true" box="[1047,1069,1115,1139]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B,</emphasis>
|
||
stereograph of ventral view with accompanying line drawing. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FC9930138BB7FB0C" bold="true" box="[789,939,1144,1168]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">AS (Ect. Cr.),</emphasis>
|
||
ectopterygoid crest of the alisphenoid;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FF7730FD895AFB32" bold="true" box="[251,326,1174,1198]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eth. F.,</emphasis>
|
||
ethmoidal foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FD9230FD8A66FB31" bold="true" box="[542,634,1173,1198]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">For. Ov.,</emphasis>
|
||
foramen ovale;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FC9230FD8B58FB32" bold="true" box="[798,836,1174,1198]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FR,</emphasis>
|
||
frontal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FC1030FE8C16FB31" bold="true" box="[924,1034,1173,1197]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Infra. Ca.,</emphasis>
|
||
infraorbital canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FFF430D888BCFB57" bold="true" box="[120,160,1203,1227]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">LA,</emphasis>
|
||
lacrimal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FE8630D88943FB57" bold="true" box="[266,351,1203,1227]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lacr. F.,</emphasis>
|
||
lacrimal foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FDAB30D88AB5FB57" bold="true" box="[551,681,1203,1227]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lambd. Cr.,</emphasis>
|
||
lambdoidal crest;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FCE730D88BF2FB57" bold="true" box="[875,1006,1203,1227]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Min. Pal. F.,</emphasis>
|
||
minor palatine foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FF3F30BB8948FB74" bold="true" box="[179,340,1232,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Med. Lon. Fis.,</emphasis>
|
||
medial longitudinal fissure;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FDF230BB8AB1FB74" bold="true" box="[638,685,1232,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MX,</emphasis>
|
||
maxilla;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FC8130BB8B2BFB74" bold="true" box="[781,823,1232,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NA,</emphasis>
|
||
nasal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FC0C30BB8BB9FB74" bold="true" box="[896,933,1232,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PA,</emphasis>
|
||
parietal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FB8B30BB8C37FB74" bold="true" box="[1031,1067,1232,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PL,</emphasis>
|
||
palatine;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FB1D30BB88C4FA9A" bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Postpal. Tor.,</emphasis>
|
||
postpalatine torus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FE2530858A21FA99" bold="true" box="[425,573,1261,1286]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PT (Ent. Cr.),</emphasis>
|
||
entopterygoid crest (of pterygoid);
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FC3F30868C11FA99" bold="true" box="[947,1037,1261,1285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sag. Cr.,</emphasis>
|
||
sagittal crest;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FB2F30868CD5FA99" bold="true" box="[1187,1225,1261,1285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SQ,</emphasis>
|
||
squamosal. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1C9C60FF2431D48CB4FA62" blockId="24.[120,1226,1358,1759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">The basisphenoid is closely fused with adjacent elements. In ventral view it forms a trapezoidal platform with weak sculpturing for pharyngeal grooves and rectus capitis muscles (fig. 13A–B).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1C9C62FF2432628C2AFE40" blockId="24.[120,1226,1358,1759]" lastBlockId="26.[120,1226,225,1745]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The squamosal is strongly distorted by the dorsoventral flattening of the skull (fig. 13A). However, a few features of interest are recognizable. As noted above, there is no marked rugosity or ornamentation of the lateral moiety of the squamosal in the temporal region. Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1C9C60FBE7323E8CD5F9F2" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1131,1225,1621,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FBE7323E8CD5F9F2" box="[1131,1225,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the suprameatal fossa behind the zygomatic process of the squamosal is quite shallow. A small opening lies directly above this fossa on the left side of the skull. This is likely the suprameatal foramen. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1C9C60FE8932AE897EF942" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[261,354,1733,1758]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1C9C60FE8932AE897EF942" box="[261,354,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the suprameatal foramen is much larger and is situated more ventrally, well within the deep suprameatal fossa. The glenoid fossa for articulation with the lower jaw is a shallow, broad surface, somewhat more extensive and less concave than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FC1F356C8BECFEBC" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[915,1008,263,288]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FC1F356C8BECFEBC" box="[915,1008,263,288]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 14). Although the skull on both sides is damaged in the region of the postglenoid process, it is clear that this feature is smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FE2935398A1CFEF7" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[421,512,338,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FE2935398A1CFEF7" box="[421,512,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is only a very narrow bridge of bone representing the root of the postglenoid process. Furthermore, the postglenoid foramen lies posterior and slightly lateral to this area (fig. 14). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FE5135F68A27FE2A" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[477,571,413,438]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FE5135F68A27FE2A" box="[477,571,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the foramen has shifted to a more medial position, presumably repositioned by the marked expansion of the swollen postglenoid process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF506605FB1D9C61FFF431AB8B78F9F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598419/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[120,162,1472,1493]" targetBox="[196,1149,224,1434]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1D9C61FFF431AB8B78F9F4" blockId="25.[120,1225,1469,1640]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
FIG. 14. Stereograph of the left ear region of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1D9C61FDCA31D58B6FFA4A" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[582,883,1470,1494]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FDCA31D58B3CFA4A" box="[582,800,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
96250 (holotype) in ventral view with accompanying line drawing. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FDFF31B08A89FA6F" bold="true" box="[627,661,1499,1523]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">BO</emphasis>
|
||
, basioccipital;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FCA331B08BA2FA6F" bold="true" box="[815,958,1499,1523]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Epitym. Rec.,</emphasis>
|
||
epitympanic recess;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FB1831B088B8F98C" bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Glas. Fis.,</emphasis>
|
||
glaserian fissure;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FED2319389D5F98C" bold="true" box="[350,457,1528,1552]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Glen. Fos.</emphasis>
|
||
, glenoid fossa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FDE731938AC7F98C" bold="true" box="[619,731,1528,1552]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mas. Tub.,</emphasis>
|
||
mastoid tubercle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FC1731938BECF98C" bold="true" box="[923,1008,1528,1552]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Me. Br.,</emphasis>
|
||
meatal bridge of the squamosal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FF63327E897BF9B1" bold="true" box="[239,359,1557,1581]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Occ. Cond.</emphasis>
|
||
, occipital condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FDA6327D8ABFF9B2" bold="true" box="[554,675,1558,1582]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Postglen. F.</emphasis>
|
||
, postglenoid foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FC02327D8C10F9B2" bold="true" box="[910,1036,1558,1582]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Post. Lac. F.</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior lacerate foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FF5632588907F9D7" bold="true" box="[218,283,1587,1611]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Prom.</emphasis>
|
||
, promontorium;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FE4132588A31F9D7" bold="true" box="[461,557,1587,1611]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Prom. A.</emphasis>
|
||
, canal for promontory artery;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FCEA32588BA4F9D7" bold="true" box="[870,952,1587,1611]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stap. A.</emphasis>
|
||
, canal for stapedial artery;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FFF5323B88D9F9F4" bold="true" box="[121,197,1616,1640]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Stap. F.</emphasis>
|
||
, stapedius fossa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1D9C61FEFB323B89A1F9F4" bold="true" box="[375,445,1616,1640]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styl. F.</emphasis>
|
||
, stylomastoid foramen. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1E9C62FF24358C8C12FB97" blockId="26.[120,1226,225,1745]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The tympanic region of AMNH 96250 is remarkably well preserved and, thus, shows much more detail than other regions of the skull. There are some obvious departures from the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FF5E3659892EFDD7" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[210,306,562,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FF5E3659892EFDD7" box="[210,306,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The promontorium of the petrosal is more smoothly rounded and does not taper as distinctively in its anterior region (cf. fig. 14 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB1E9C62FC83363C8BA0FDED" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[783,956,599,625]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref15252" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level calssification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183 (1): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1986">Novacek, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 22). The regularity in surface features of the promontorium is the result of two other characteristics. The sulci for the promontory (= internal carotid) and stapedial arteries are very narrow and faint, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FF1436AC88E4FD7C" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[152,248,711,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FF1436AC88E4FD7C" box="[152,248,711,736]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they form distinctly deep troughs (cf. fig. 14 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB1E9C62FCC636AC8BE6FD7D" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[842,1018,711,737]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref15252" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level calssification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183 (1): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1986">Novacek, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 22). In addition, the petrosal crest that arcs on the medial surface of the promontory is only a weak flange, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FF7137798941FCB7" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[253,349,786,811]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FF7137798941FCB7" box="[253,349,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it develops as a distinct and prominent ridge with a rugose contact surface with the entotympanic bulla. Despite the weaker petrosal crest in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FC03375C8C97FCCD" box="[911,1163,823,849]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FC03375C8C97FCCD" box="[911,1163,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is likely that this form also had an entotympanic bulla. Although this structure is not present in the specimen, it is also commonly not preserved in skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FCBF37E98B8EFC07" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[819,914,898,923]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FCBF37E98B8EFC07" box="[819,914,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so it seems to be a feature readily lost during burial. Another feature of the promontorium peculiar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FC7937CC8C9EFC5D" box="[1013,1154,935,961]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FC7937CC8C9EFC5D" box="[1013,1154,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the very broad development of the dorsal lip of the cochlear fossula (fig. 14), which overhangs the fenestra rotunda. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FEE0379989D0FB97" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[364,460,1010,1035]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FEE0379989D0FB97" box="[364,460,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this feature is also distinct but is less prominent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1E9C62FF24307C8B7CFAAB" blockId="26.[120,1226,225,1745]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
There is, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FEDA307C89A8FBAC" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[342,436,1047,1072]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FEDA307C89A8FBAC" box="[342,436,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a distinct glaserian fissure in the lateral tympanic roof of AMNH 96250. Lateral to the region of the excavated facial canal, there appears to be an epitympanic recess, although its size is uncertain, because the meatal bridge of the squamosal has collapsed (fig. 14). This bridge, the suprameatal surface of the squamosal, is much narrower than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FFF430C688C4FB5A" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[120,216,1197,1222]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FFF430C688C4FB5A" box="[120,216,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf. fig. 14 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB1E9C62FE0730C78A24FB5A" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[395,568,1196,1222]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref15252" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level calssification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183 (1): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1986">Novacek, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 20, 21). Moreover, the postympanic process, which forms the posterior buttress for the roof of the meatus, is weaker in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FC2230BA8C32FB77" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[942,1070,1233,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FC2230BA8C32FB77" box="[942,1070,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Behind this buttress, the paraoccipital process of the petrosal is somewhat broader in exposure, and it lacks the distinctive groove for the digastric muscle seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FD7631768B45FAAA" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[762,857,1309,1334]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FD7631768B45FAAA" box="[762,857,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1E9C63FF24312A89CEFEBD" blockId="26.[120,1226,225,1745]" lastBlockId="27.[119,1226,225,1715]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Posterior to the facial canal is a very well-defined stylomastoid foramen. This opening seems even somewhat larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FDA7310C8A96FA1C" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[555,650,1383,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FDA7310C8A96FA1C" box="[555,650,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though the difference here is of dubious significance. In the left tympanic region, there is a small process that arises from the mastoid just medial to the postympanic process and extends below the facial canal just short of contact with the promontorium in the region of the fenestra vestibuli. This process is likely that of the mastoid tubercle, which may also represent the fusion of the tympanohyal with the petromastoid (fig. 14). The cup-shaped ventral depression on this tubercle characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FB9732498C67F9A7" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1051,1147,1570,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FB9732498C67F9A7" box="[1051,1147,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not present, although the tubercle is so badly damaged that presence of this fossa in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FBC4322C8CD4F9FD" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[1096,1224,1607,1633]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FBC4322C8CD4F9FD" box="[1096,1224,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be ruled out. The posterior lacerate foramen is, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1E9C62FCB332068B82F91A" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[831,926,1645,1670]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1E9C62FCB332068B82F91A" box="[831,926,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, merged with the jugular foramen, so there is only one exit for the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI. Because the ventral lip of the cochlear fossula is so expanded, there is no narrow trough between the stapedius fossa and the posterior lacerate foramen (fig. 14). This latter feature is distinctly present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FEE0356389D7FEBD" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[364,459,264,289]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FEE0356389D7FEBD" box="[364,459,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1F9C63FF2435478C02FE0D" blockId="27.[119,1226,225,1715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The occiput in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FED035478A4BFEDA" box="[348,599,300,326]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FED035478A4BFEDA" box="[348,599,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is badly compressed and damaged, but it is apparent that there was a prominent mastoid exposure in this region. The anterior edge of the ventral occipital condyles has the sigmoid curvature seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FD6735138B57FE0D" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[747,843,376,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FD6735138B57FE0D" box="[747,843,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and lipotyphlans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1F9C63FF2435F68CADFD21" blockId="27.[119,1226,225,1715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The mandible is deepest below m1 (fig. 15). There is a small mental foramen located below p2 and below the posterior root of p4. At the back of the jaw the masseteric fossa is well excavated. The coronoid process shows some tapering dorsally (fig. 15), but does not show the extreme posterior concavity seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FEB73665898AFDBB" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[315,406,526,551]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FEB73665898AFDBB" box="[315,406,526,551]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs. 15 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB1F9C63FDA536668AD3FDBB" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[553,719,525,551]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref15252" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level calssification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183 (1): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1986">Novacek, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1). Because the extremity of the coronoid process is missing, it is uncertain whether the process had a hooklike outline as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FBB0365888EAFDEE" baseAuthorityName="Jepsen" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Prodiacodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tauricinerei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FBB0365888EAFDEE" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Prodiacodon tauricinerei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or a more bluntly round curved process as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FD7636338BCBFDEE" authorityName="Velazco & Novacek" authorityYear="2016" box="[762,983,600,626]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FD7636338BCBFDEE" box="[762,983,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Palaeictops robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 17). The angular process is damaged in both right and left mandibles. The articular surface of the jaw condyle is slightly broader medially than laterally. The surface features of the condyle are poorly preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1F9C63FF2436A28CD4FCC8" blockId="27.[119,1226,225,1715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">There are no upper incisors or canines preserved in AMNH 96250 (fig. 13). The canine alveolus is present on the right side of the skull. P1 is bicuspid, single rooted, and triangularly shaped in lateral outline. P2 is tricuspid, double rooted, and triangularly shaped in lateral outline. The central cusp of P2 is dominant while the most anterior cusp is very minute (fig. 5B).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1F9C63FF2437348CDFFBA9" blockId="27.[119,1226,225,1715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">AMNH 96250 shows a remarkable condition, wherein the right DP4–5 are present and only moderately worn, and the left P5 is already erupted (left P4 is missing) (figs. 5B, 13B). DP4 is roughly triangular in occlusal view with well-developed, somewhat inflated paracone, metacone, and protocone (fig. 5B). There is also a crenulated postcingulum. DP5 is molariform with well-developed paraconule, metaconule, and postcingulum in addition to three inflated main cusps (fig. 5B). There is a pronounced parastylar spur that is overlapped ventrally by the metastylar spur of DP4 (fig. 5B).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1F9C63FF24302B8A0AFB6C" blockId="27.[119,1226,225,1715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A P4 is preserved in AMNH 99301, but it is badly worn. The tooth is roughly triangular in occlusal view, although its parastylar spur is very strong, as is typical of leptictids. P5 is fully molariform with distinct conules. The hypocone is also well developed to nearly a third the height of the protocone. P5 has a strong parastylar spur, but the labial margin of the tooth shows no appreciable invagination.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1F9C63FF2430908B34FA4D" blockId="27.[119,1226,225,1715]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The upper molars are essentially like P5 although they have broader crowns, more inflated cusps and conules, and (except for M3) relatively larger hypocones and talon basins (fig. 5B). The general construction of the dentition is very like that in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FB99312D8C89FAFC" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[1045,1173,1350,1376]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FB99312D8C89FAFC" box="[1045,1173,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FF14310688E4FA1A" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[152,248,1389,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FF14310688E4FA1A" box="[152,248,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The labial margins of the upper molars have shallow inflexions in contrast to the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FE8331FA89BCFA37" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1929" box="[271,416,1425,1451]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Prodiacodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FE8331FA89BCFA37" box="[271,416,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Prodiacodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is no evidence of a doubling of the paraconule as in the upper molars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB1F9C63FF7D31DC899EFA4D" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1929" box="[241,386,1463,1489]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Prodiacodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB1F9C63FF7D31DC899EFA4D" box="[241,386,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Prodiacodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 5B; cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB1F9C63FD9D31DC8ADCFA4D" author="Novacek, M. J." box="[529,704,1463,1489]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref15252" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level calssification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183 (1): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1986">Novacek, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB1F9C64FF2431B68CAAF92D" blockId="27.[119,1226,225,1715]" lastBlockId="28.[120,1224,1537,1713]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Lower incisors, canine, and p1 are missing from all specimens (fig. 15). The p2 is elongate, trenchant, and two rooted, with a small anterior cuspule, a large central cusp, and a low heel (fig. 15). The p4 resembles p2 but has four cusps: a small anterior cuspule, a large “central” cusp, a small cuspule on the posterior ridge of the central cusp, and a low cuspid heel (fig. 15). The p5 is molariform with a moderately developed paraconid well separated from the metaconid and protoconid and has an elongated talonid basin bordered by three cusps. The crista oblique contacts the posterior wall of the trigonid nearly directly below the posterior trigonid notch. As noted above the p5 resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB189C64FE1A324C8A6BF9DD" box="[406,631,1575,1601]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB189C64FE1A324C8A6BF9DD" box="[406,631,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Palaeictops bicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a very open trigonid due to the salient paraconid. The metaconid is less oblique in its alignment with the protoconid than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB189C64FBDC32268CDEF9FA" box="[1104,1218,1612,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB189C64FBDC32268CDEF9FA" box="[1104,1218,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. bicuspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lower molars are very characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB189C64FDF0321A8AE6F917" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[636,762,1649,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB189C64FDF0321A8AE6F917" box="[636,762,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB189C64FCB532198B8BF917" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[825,919,1650,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB189C64FCB532198B8BF917" box="[825,919,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a whole (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B7CFB189C64FBD2321A88C7F92D" author="Novacek, M. J." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref15252" refString="Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level calssification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 183 (1): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1986">Novacek, 1986: 17</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although the trigonid of m2 is notably compressed due to the crestiform paraconid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF506605FB189C64FFF431EE8C5EFA24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598421/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[120,162,1413,1434]" targetBox="[240,1119,231,1380]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB189C64FFF431EE8C5EFA24" blockId="28.[120,1224,1411,1464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
FIG. 15. The mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB189C64FEF131E88AB5FA07" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" box="[381,681,1411,1435]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB189C64FEF131E88A4AFA07" box="[381,598,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
96250 (holotype), containing left p2, and p4–m3 and right p4, p5 (damaged), and m1–m3.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB189C64FE7631CB8A0EFA24" bold="true" box="[506,530,1440,1464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A,</emphasis>
|
||
left lateral and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB189C64FD3F31CB8AD5FA24" bold="true" box="[691,713,1440,1464]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B,</emphasis>
|
||
right lateral views. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3356506FB199C65FF24348A88E9FDBA" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB199C65FF24348A8B9CFE2B" blockId="29.[120,1224,225,550]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
REMARKS: The upper cheek teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FDD6348A8B4AFF67" box="[602,854,225,251]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FDD6348A8B4AFF67" box="[602,854,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble more closely the corresponding teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FEEE356C89DEFEBC" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[354,450,263,288]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FEEE356C89DEFEBC" box="[354,450,263,288]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than any other Paleocene or Eocene leptictid.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FC53356C888FFEDA" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FC53356C888FFEDA" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Palaeictops altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks, however, the distinctive trenchant p4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FD3D35468B0CFEDA" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[689,784,301,326]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FD3D35468B0CFEDA" box="[689,784,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a condition more closely approached in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FF1B35398903FEF7" box="[151,287,337,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matthewi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FF1B35398903FEF7" box="[151,287,337,363]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. matthewi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FE4C35398A52FEF7" box="[448,590,337,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FE4C35398A52FEF7" box="[448,590,337,363]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
retains the single sagittal crest and several basicranial characters that are clearly modified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FDCB351C8AB9FE0C" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[583,677,375,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FDCB351C8AB9FE0C" box="[583,677,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Aspects of molar morphology are specializations that separate all known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FDDC35F78ACCFE2A" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[592,720,412,438]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FDDC35F78ACCFE2A" box="[592,720,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FC9735F68B66FE2A" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[795,890,413,438]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Leptictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FC9735F68B66FE2A" box="[795,890,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Leptictis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B90368DFB199C65FF2435AA88E9FDBA" blockId="29.[120,1224,225,550]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FF2435AA8997FE47" box="[168,395,449,475]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bridgeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FF2435AA8997FE47" box="[168,395,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Palaeictops bridgeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FE4A35A98A48FE47" box="[454,596,449,475]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altimontis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FE4A35A98A48FE47" box="[454,596,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. altimontis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are thus far known only from Middle Eocene assemblages. They depart from Early Eocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D0EFB199C65FDF2358C8B1EFD9D" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1899" box="[638,770,487,513]" class="Mammalia" family="Leptictidae" genus="Palaeictops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEA9FFB199C65FDF2358C8B1EFD9D" box="[638,770,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Palaeictops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the structure of the p5 paraconid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |