treatments-xml/data/03/86/87/03868785FFEAFF9BFF76FA64FC4D7910.xml

<document id="D1550959F9386CAB1B1D034A8C3A8C81" ID-CLB-Dataset="2793" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5084.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd42fe03-1a35-4f17-b0fe-55b6ec7fdf80" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800716" ID-ZooBank="53B21C11-CA12-480F-8048-1A0601784172" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640238335522" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Melika, George, Nicholls, James A., Abrahamson, Warren G., Buss, Eileen A. &amp; Stone, Graham N." docDate="2021" docId="03868785FFEAFF9BFF76FA64FC4D7910" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5084.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5084 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neuroterus bussae Melika &amp; Nicholls 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E1E21715-46B4-4610-8625-A4FAB605A8F4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="FFBFFFFDFF89FFFCFFE1FFE3FFE67B09" masterDocTitle="New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1699473059019" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="26FAEA89B1D6AF54D485A392C0F14C46">New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="E964CC105AE4982CFDF3DF60F11083F2">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="910B53CB95E1B8800DFD40CAA53A9AED">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A7FB83F6ED5212E1F948B74CC29A6413" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4A9F3C9CE91AB51F1B0EEC5D5A570158">Abrahamson, Warren G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FF7DB73A368367ACABD3AB4EF259A33B" type="email">abrahmsn@bucknell.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F09E9DD6358974934444A49F8F6913F2">Buss, Eileen A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A6B535827A77978AC1ED9E730BB5195B">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E2915B968044D66552ED024967ABC357">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="267F81D627F4AFD4F8CF426524F2016D">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5573FF07A8E108708E37EE1569B7CA66">2021-12-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="081CB86219D77EF3CA5D30B6335F7433">5084</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03868785FFEAFF9BFF76FA64FC4D7910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800992" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191881051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800992" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E1E21715-46B4-4610-8625-A4FAB605A8F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03868785FFEAFF9BFF76FA64FC4D7910" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFEAFF9FFF76FA64FD377EA8" box="[151,721,1415,1442]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEAFF9FFF76FA64FD377EA8" blockId="99.[151,959,1415,1514]" box="[151,721,1415,1442]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<heading id="D0D881FFFFEAFF9FFF76FA64FD377EA8" bold="true" box="[151,721,1415,1442]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFF76FA64FD377EA8" bold="true" box="[151,721,1415,1442]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFF76FA64FD807EA8" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,614,1415,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bussae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFF76FA64FE9E7EAB" bold="true" box="[151,376,1415,1442]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Neuroterus bussae</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
, 
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</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3356518FFEAFF9FFF76FA48FC597EE3" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEAFF9FFF76FA48FED17ECC" blockId="99.[151,959,1415,1514]" box="[151,311,1451,1477]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<figureCitation id="13142A16FFEAFF9FFF76FA48FED17ECC" box="[151,311,1451,1477]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 368–375" captionStart-1="FIGURES 376–378" captionStart-2="FIGURES 379–380" captionStartId-0="100.[151,264,1466,1490]" captionStartId-1="101.[151,264,1505,1529]" captionStartId-2="102.[151,264,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1426,275,1427]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1437,298,1457]" captionTargetBox-2="[153,1435,1137,1927]" captionTargetId-0="figure-71@100.[152,1435,273,1443]" captionTargetId-1="figure-69@101.[150,1437,273,1482]" captionTargetId-2="figure-409@102.[153,1435,1137,1927]" captionTargetPageId-0="100" captionTargetPageId-1="101" captionTargetPageId-2="102" captionText-0="FIGURES 368–375. Neuroterus bussae Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., sexual generation. 368–371, head, female: 368, frontal view, 369, dorsal view, 370, posterior view, 371, lateral view. 372–373, head, male: 372, frontal view, 373, dorsal view. 374– 375, antenna: 374, female, 375, male." captionText-1="FIGURES 376–378. Neuroterus bussae Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., sexual generation, female. 376–377, mesosoma: 376, dorsal view, 377, lateral view. 378, forewing." captionText-2="FIGURES 379–380. Neuroterus bussae Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., sexual generation, galls. 379, lower side of leaf, 380, upper side of the leaf." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800920" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800922" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800924" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5800920/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5800922/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5800924/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs. 368–380</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<subSubSection id="C3356518FFEAFF9FFF76F9F4FDC07DCB" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEAFF9FFF76F9F4FDC07DCB" blockId="99.[151,1437,1559,2018]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFF76F9F4FEAC7D38" bold="true" box="[151,330,1559,1585]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFFEAFF9FFEB5F9F4FE687D5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514387" collectingDate="2012-03-23" collectorName="E. Buss" country="United States of America" county="Levy Co." location="Morriston" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54948831FFEAFF9FFEB5F9F4FE0E7D38" box="[340,488,1559,1585]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
female “ 
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFEAFF9FFDB3F9F4FD697D38" box="[594,655,1559,1585]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FFEAFF9FFD7CF9F4FD177D38" box="[669,753,1559,1585]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Florida</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62F14E1FFFEAFF9FFD1EF9FBFC8A7D38" box="[767,876,1559,1586]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Levy Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<location id="8EF06048FFEAFF9FFC9AF9F4FC087D38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868785FFEAFF9BFF76FA64FC4D7910:8EF06048FFEAFF9FFC9AF9F4FC087D38" box="[891,1006,1559,1585]" country="United States of America" county="Levy Co." name="Morriston" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Florida">Morriston</location>
, ex bister gall 
<collectedFrom id="3833756EFFEAFF9FFB7DF9FBFAB87D38" box="[1180,1374,1560,1586]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFB23F9FBFAB87D38" box="[1218,1374,1560,1586]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFB23F9FBFAB87D38" box="[1218,1374,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
. coll. 
<date id="FF911053FFEAFF9FFF76F9D8FEFB7D5C" box="[151,285,1595,1621]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2012-03-23">
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9BBFFEAFF9FFF76F9D8FEFB7D5C" box="[151,285,1595,1621]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2012-03-23">2012.03.23.</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectorName id="26DA5345FFEAFF9FFEC7F9DFFE627D5C" box="[294,388,1595,1622]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">E. Buss</collectorName>
”
</materialsCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="54948831FFEAFF9FFE7AF9D8FDD07D5C" box="[411,566,1595,1621]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFDA6F9D8FD237D5C" box="[583,709,1595,1621]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="female">20 females</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFCE0F9D8FC887D5F" box="[769,878,1595,1622]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="male">19 males</specimenCount>
): 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFC62F9D8FC177D5C" box="[899,1009,1595,1621]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFBCCF9D8FB607D5C" box="[1069,1158,1595,1621]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
with the same labels as the 
<typeStatus id="54948831FFEAFF9FFF20F9BCFEC07D70" box="[193,294,1631,1657]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFFEAFF9FFED3F9BCFDAC7D94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514381" collectingDate="2008-03-20" collectorName="J. Platt" country="United States of America" location="Gainesville" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="33" specimenCount-female="17" specimenCount-male="16" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFED3F9BCFE4A7D70" box="[306,428,1631,1657]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="female">17 females</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFE05F9BCFDAF7D70" box="[484,585,1631,1657]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
labeled as “ 
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFEAFF9FFD33F9BCFCE97D70" box="[722,783,1631,1657]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FFEAFF9FFCFAF9BCFC897D70" box="[795,879,1631,1657]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Florida</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EF06048FFEAFF9FFC9AF9BCFC1B7D70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868785FFEAFF9BFF76FA64FC4D7910:8EF06048FFEAFF9FFC9AF9BCFC1B7D70" box="[891,1021,1631,1657]" country="United States of America" name="Gainesville" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Florida">Gainesville</location>
, ex blister gall 
<collectedFrom id="3833756EFFEAFF9FFB4BF983FA837D70" box="[1194,1381,1632,1658]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFB2FF983FA837D70" box="[1230,1381,1632,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFB2FF983FA837D70" box="[1230,1381,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
. em. 
<date id="FF911053FFEAFF9FFF76F960FEFD7D94" box="[151,283,1667,1693]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2008-03-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9BBFFEAFF9FFF76F960FEFD7D94" box="[151,283,1667,1693]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2008-03-20">2008.03.20</collectingDate>
</date>
-28. 
<collectorName id="26DA5345FFEAFF9FFEA8F967FE7A7D94" box="[329,412,1667,1694]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">J. Platt</collectorName>
”. The 
<typeStatus id="54948831FFEAFF9FFE04F960FDAC7D94" box="[485,586,1667,1693]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFFEAFF9FFDB7F960FB167D94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514358" box="[598,1264,1667,1694]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFDB7F960FD5E7D94" box="[598,696,1667,1693]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFD11F960FCDA7D94" box="[752,828,1667,1693]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="male">3 male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54948831FFEAFF9FFCA4F967FC567D97" box="[837,944,1668,1694]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are deposited at the 
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE56FFEAFF9FFB7DF960FB167D94" box="[1180,1264,1667,1693]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFFEAFF9FFB1DF960FDC47DCB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514403" collectionCode="PHDNRL" country="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="33" specimenCount-female="17" specimenCount-male="16" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFB1DF960FA8A7D94" box="[1276,1388,1667,1693]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="female">17 female</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFF76F944FF167DC8" box="[151,240,1703,1729]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="male">16 male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54948831FFEAFF9FFF19F94BFE857DCB" box="[248,355,1704,1730]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
at the 
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE56FFEAFF9FFE4FF94BFDC47DCB" box="[430,546,1704,1730]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFEAFF9FFF26F928FC157C7C" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEAFF9FFF26F928FD807C00" blockId="99.[151,1437,1559,2018]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFF26F928FEA87DEC" bold="true" box="[199,334,1739,1765]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after Dr. Eileen A. Buss (University of 
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FFEAFF9FFCA6F928FC7D7DEC" box="[839,923,1739,1765]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Florida</collectingRegion>
, Department of Entomology and Nematology), who collected the galls and reared adults.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEAFF9FFF26F8F0FC157C7C" blockId="99.[151,1437,1559,2018]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFF26F8F0FDD57C24" bold="true" box="[199,563,1811,1837]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFFEAFF9FFDD8F8F0FD457C58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514399" collectingDate="2008-03-20" collectorName="J. Platt" country="United States of America" location="Gainesville" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="15" stateProvince="Florida">
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFDD8F8F0FD557C24" box="[569,691,1811,1838]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="female">15 females</specimenCount>
and males labeled as “ 
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFEAFF9FFC4EF8F0FC0A7C24" box="[943,1004,1811,1837]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FFEAFF9FFC16F8F0FBAD7C24" box="[1015,1099,1811,1837]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Florida</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EF06048FFEAFF9FFBB4F8F0FB317C24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868785FFEAFF9BFF76FA64FC4D7910:8EF06048FFEAFF9FFBB4F8F0FB317C24" box="[1109,1239,1811,1837]" country="United States of America" name="Gainesville" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Florida">Gainesville</location>
, ex blister gall 
<collectedFrom id="3833756EFFEAFF9FFA61F8F7FECB7C58" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFF76F8DBFECB7C58" box="[151,301,1848,1874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFF76F8DBFECB7C58" box="[151,301,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
. em. 
<date id="FF911053FFEAFF9FFE8AF8D4FE097C58" box="[363,495,1847,1873]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2008-03-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9BBFFEAFF9FFE8AF8D4FE097C58" box="[363,495,1847,1873]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2008-03-20">2008.03.20</collectingDate>
</date>
-28. 
<collectorName id="26DA5345FFEAFF9FFDFDF8DBFD8C7C58" box="[540,618,1847,1874]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">J. Platt</collectorName>
” and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFFEAFF9FFD4BF8DBFC097C7C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514326" collectingDate="2009-04-12" collectionCode="FL" country="United States of America" location="Jacksonville" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" specimenCode="FL1099" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Florida">
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEAFF9FFD4BF8DBFCC07C58" box="[682,806,1847,1874]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
(also used for DNA analyses) labeled as “ 
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFEAFF9FFB1DF8D4FADF7C58" box="[1276,1337,1847,1873]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FFEAFF9FFAA5F8D4FA7E7C58" box="[1348,1432,1847,1873]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Florida</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EF06048FFEAFF9FFF76F8B8FEC27C7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868785FFEAFF9BFF76FA64FC4D7910:8EF06048FFEAFF9FFF76F8B8FEC27C7C" box="[151,292,1883,1909]" country="United States of America" name="Jacksonville" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Florida">Jacksonville</location>
, ex 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFEB0F8BFFE017C7C" box="[337,487,1884,1910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFEB0F8BFFE017C7C" box="[337,487,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. G.N. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEAFF9FFD8BF8B8FD117C7C" author="Stone, G. N. &amp; Hernandez-Lopez, A. &amp; Nicholls, J. A. &amp; di Pierro, E. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Cook, J. M." box="[618,759,1883,1909]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="854 - 869" refId="ref69900" refString="Stone, G. N., Hernandez-Lopez, A., Nicholls, J. A., di Pierro, E., Pujade-Villar, J., Melika, G., &amp; Cook, J. M. (2009) Extreme host plant conservatism during at least 20 million years of host plant pursuit by oak gallwasps. Evolution, 63, 854 - 869. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pbio. 1000179" type="journal article" year="2009">
Stone, 
<date id="FF911053FFEAFF9FFD59F8B8FD117C7C" box="[696,759,1883,1909]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2009-04-12">
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9BBFFEAFF9FFD59F8B8FD117C7C" box="[696,759,1883,1909]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2009-04-12">2009</collectingDate>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
.04.12. Code 
<specimenCode id="DB899EE8FFEAFF9FFC67F8B8FC027C7C" box="[902,996,1883,1909]" collectionCode="FL" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">FL1099</specimenCode>
”
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFEAFF99FF26F89CFCC67BF0" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEAFF98FF26F89CFD997BF0" blockId="99.[151,1437,1559,2018]" lastBlockId="100.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFF26F89CFEA47C90" bold="true" box="[199,322,1919,1945]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFEA9F863FDFE7C90" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[328,536,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bussae">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFEA9F863FDFE7C90" box="[328,536,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Neuroterus bussae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to Kinsey’s subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFC91F863FC0B7C90" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[880,1005,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFC91F863FC0B7C90" box="[880,1005,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Neuroterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Only one 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFB89F863FADB7C90" box="[1128,1341,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFB89F863FB037C90" box="[1128,1253,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Neuroterus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
north of 
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFEAFF9FFF76F840FF097CB4" box="[151,239,1955,1981]" name="Mexico" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, the sexual generation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFDE9F847FC5C7CB4" authority="Melika &amp; Abrahamson, 1997" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="1997" box="[520,954,1955,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="christi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFDE9F847FD897CB4" box="[520,623,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">N. christi</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Abrahamson, 1997
</taxonomicName>
, is known to induce integral leaf galls on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFA60F847FEED7CE8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFA60F847FEED7CE8" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFEA1F82BFE2C7CE8" box="[320,458,1992,2018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFEA1F82BFE2C7CE8" box="[320,458,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Q. geminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The galls of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEAFF9FFD82F82BFD2D7CE8" authorityName="Melika &amp; Abrahamson" authorityYear="1997" box="[611,715,1991,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="christi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEAFF9FFD82F82BFD2D7CE8" box="[611,715,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">N. christi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are multilocular and integral thickenings of the leaf parenchyma that protrude equally on both sides of the leaf along one side of the midrib, generally with four to six larval cells per gall (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FF31FF58FDC27BDC" author="Melika, G. &amp; Abrahamson, W. G." box="[208,548,187,213]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="560 - 573" refId="ref66333" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Abrahamson, W. G. (1997 a) Descriptions of four new species of cynipid gall wasps of the genus Neuroterus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with redescriptions of some known species from the Eastern USA. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99 (3), 560 - 573." type="journal article" year="1997">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FF31FF58FEC77BDC" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Abrahamson &amp; Buss &amp; Stone, 2021" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Abrahamson &amp; Buss &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2021" box="[208,289,187,213]" genus="Melika" pageId="100" pageNumber="130" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Melika</taxonomicName>
&amp; Abrahamson 1997a
</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast, galls of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FCFBFF58FC617BDC" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[794,903,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bussae">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FCFBFF58FC617BDC" box="[794,903,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">N. bussae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are small, unilocular blister-like leaf galls, that commonly develop all over the leaf lamina.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF50661BFFEDFF98FF76FA59FDF37D12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800920/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" startId="100.[151,264,1466,1490]" targetBox="[157,1426,275,1427]" targetPageId="100">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEDFF98FF76FA59FDF37D12" blockId="100.[151,1437,1466,1563]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FF76FA59FE887EDB" bold="true" box="[151,366,1466,1490]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">FIGURES 368–375.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FE97FA58FD197EDA" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[374,767,1467,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bussae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FE97FA58FDD27EDA" box="[374,564,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Neuroterus bussae</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FCEAFA58FCBA7EDA" bold="true" box="[779,860,1467,1491]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857FAFFEDFF98FCEAFA58FCBA7EDA" box="[779,860,1467,1491]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, sexual generation. 368–371, head, female: 368, frontal view, 369, dorsal view, 370, posterior view, 371, lateral view. 372–373, head, male: 372, frontal view, 373, dorsal view. 374– 375, antenna: 374, female, 375, male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEDFF99FF26F9AAFCC67BF0" blockId="100.[151,1437,1609,2031]" lastBlockId="101.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
A taxon with a similar gall was described from 
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FFEDFF98FD2EF9AAFCF67D6A" box="[719,784,1609,1635]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Texas</collectingRegion>
on 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FCD6F9AAFC357D6A" box="[823,979,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FCD6F9AAFC287D6A" box="[823,974,1609,1635]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Q. virginiana</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FC38F9A9FAA87D6A" authority="Kinsey, 1923" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1923" box="[985,1358,1609,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FC38F9A9FBD57D6A" box="[985,1075,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">N. niger</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FB89F9AAFB557D6A" box="[1128,1203,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">alimas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FB58F9AAFAA87D6A" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1209,1358,1609,1635]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref65513" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is one of the five varieties of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FE08F98DFD0C7D8E" authority="Gillette, 1888" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1888" box="[489,746,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FE08F98DFDA07D8E" box="[489,582,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">N. niger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FDAFF98EFD0C7D8E" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[590,746,1645,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="466 - 478" refId="ref65152" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1888) A Study of the Cynipidae. State of Michigan Board of Agriculture, 27 th Report, 466 - 478." type="book chapter" year="1888">Gillette, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FC6BF98EFBCB7D8E" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[906,1069,1645,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref65513" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923)</bibRefCitation>
that were still considered forms of that species by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FE82F972FE1D7DA2" author="Burks, B. D." box="[355,507,1681,1707]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref64064" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. &amp; Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
. When the galls of this new species were first encountered, we initially considered that it could be 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FEB3F955FDDC7DC6" box="[338,570,1717,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FEB3F955FE837DC6" box="[338,357,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">N</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FE97F955FE577DC6" box="[374,433,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">niger</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FE0EF956FDDC7DC6" box="[495,570,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">alimas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The 
<typeStatus id="54948831FFEDFF98FD60F956FD057DC6" box="[641,739,1717,1743]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of that species was deposited at the USNM and labelled as “Acc.24856”, pink ”N. alimas, female, Holo- Paratype’, ” 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FCAAF93AFC017DFA" box="[843,999,1753,1779]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FCAAF93AFC017DFA" box="[843,999,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, ”Austin, Tex. 4.16.21., Patterson”; however, when inspected the insect was absent and only the gall was found. One 
<typeStatus id="54948831FFEDFF98FBCDF91EFB6A7C1E" box="[1068,1164,1789,1815]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is present, but in a very poor condition, and being male is hard to determine to species. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FBE3F8C2FB427C32" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[1026,1188,1825,1851]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref65513" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923)</bibRefCitation>
this 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FB3CF8C2FA6E7C32" box="[1245,1416,1825,1851]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" rank="variety" variety="induces">variety induces</taxonomicName>
a sexual generation spring gall, while the other four varieties induce autumn asexual generation galls. Moreover, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FA62F8A5FEB27C8A" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FA62F8A5FEB27C8A" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">N. niger var. alimas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FE37F88AFD7B7C8A" box="[470,669,1897,1923]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" rank="variety" variety="associated">variety associated</taxonomicName>
with section 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FCD2F889FC6B7C8A" box="[819,909,1898,1923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Virentes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FCD2F889FC6B7C8A" box="[819,909,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Virentes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
oaks while the other four are on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FB1CF88AFABD7C8A" box="[1277,1371,1897,1923]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FB1CF88AFABD7C8A" box="[1277,1371,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
oaks, and as mentioned above no Nearctic cynipid species are shared across the oak sections (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FB99F86EFA7E7CAE" author="Abrahamson, W. G. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Scrafford, R. &amp; Csoka, G." box="[1144,1432,1933,1959]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1159 - 1165" refId="ref63155" refString="Abrahamson, W. G., Melika, G., Scrafford, R. &amp; Csoka, G. (1998 a) Gall-inducing insects provide insights into plant systematic relationships. American Journal of Botany, 85 (8), 1159 - 1165." type="journal article" year="1998">
Abrahamson 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FAF0F86DFAA47CAE" box="[1297,1346,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">et al</emphasis>
. 1998 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FA6AF86EFA7E7CAE" author="Rokas, A. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Cook, J. M. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[1419,1432,1933,1959]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="36 - 45" refId="ref69669" refString="Rokas, A., Melika, G., Abe, Y., Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., Cook, J. M. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2003) Lifecycle closure, lineage sorting and hybridisation revealed in a phylogenetic analysis of European oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) using mitochondrial sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 26, 36 - 45." type="journal article" year="2003">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2003; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FF3FF852FE477CC2" author="Stone, G. N. &amp; Hernandez-Lopez, A. &amp; Nicholls, J. A. &amp; di Pierro, E. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Cook, J. M." box="[222,417,1969,1995]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="854 - 869" refId="ref69900" refString="Stone, G. N., Hernandez-Lopez, A., Nicholls, J. A., di Pierro, E., Pujade-Villar, J., Melika, G., &amp; Cook, J. M. (2009) Extreme host plant conservatism during at least 20 million years of host plant pursuit by oak gallwasps. Evolution, 63, 854 - 869. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pbio. 1000179" type="journal article" year="2009">Stone et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Hence biological information suggests that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FC7FF851FB987CC2" box="[926,1150,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FC7FF851FC1D7CC2" box="[926,1019,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">N. niger</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FBD2F852FB987CC2" box="[1075,1150,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">alimas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FF76F835FF157CE6" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,243,2006,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FF76F835FF157CE6" box="[151,243,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">N. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other four of Kinsey’s varieties. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFEDFF98FD5AF836FCBD7CE6" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[699,859,2005,2031]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref65513" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1923) The gall wasp genus Neuroterus (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 10 (58), 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1923">Kinsey (1923)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEDFF98FC35F835FB577CE6" box="[980,1201,2005,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FC35F835FBC97CE6" box="[980,1071,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">N. niger</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEDFF98FB87F836FB577CE6" box="[1126,1201,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">alimas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFEDFF98FAC0F836FA7A7CE6" box="[1313,1436,2005,2031]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="54948831FFECFF99FF7EFF74FEE57BBB" box="[159,259,151,178]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
—lost) and 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFECFF99FE6AFF74FE177BB8" box="[395,497,151,177]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
and gave no detailed morphological description for this variety. Thus, there is no morphological evidence for synonymisation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFECFF99FD53FF58FC737BDC" box="[690,917,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="niger" variety="alimas">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFECFF99FD53FF58FCE97BDD" box="[690,783,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">N. niger</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFECFF99FCABFF58FC737BDC" box="[842,917,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">alimas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFECFF99FC5AFF58FBFF7BDD" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1888" box="[955,1049,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFECFF99FC5AFF58FBFF7BDD" box="[955,1049,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">N. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and at the same time it cannot be treated as a valid species so we move it to 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFECFF99FD92FF3CFCFF7BF0" box="[627,793,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">nomen dubium</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF50661BFFECFF99FF76FA02FD847D17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800922/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" startId="101.[151,264,1505,1529]" targetBox="[164,1437,298,1457]" targetPageId="101">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFECFF99FF76FA02FD847D17" blockId="101.[151,1436,1505,1566]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFECFF99FF76FA02FE897EF0" bold="true" box="[151,367,1505,1529]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">FIGURES 376–378.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFECFF99FE98FA01FCE07EF3" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[377,774,1506,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bussae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFECFF99FE98FA01FDD17EF3" box="[377,567,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Neuroterus bussae</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFECFF99FCF2FA01FC807EF3" bold="true" box="[787,870,1506,1530]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857FAFFECFF99FCF2FA01FC807EF3" box="[787,870,1506,1530]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, sexual generation, female. 376–377, mesosoma: 376, dorsal view, 377, lateral view. 378, forewing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFECFF9BFF26F9AFFCCA7A6C" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFECFF99FF26F9AFFAB67D83" blockId="101.[151,1437,1612,2034]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFECFF99FF26F9AFFEBF7D6F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1612,1638]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Description.</emphasis>
Sexual female (
<figureCitation id="13142A16FFECFF99FDE6F9AFFD397D6F" box="[519,735,1612,1638]" captionStart="FIGURES 368–375" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,275,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-71@100.[152,1435,273,1443]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 368–375. Neuroterus bussae Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., sexual generation. 368–371, head, female: 368, frontal view, 369, dorsal view, 370, posterior view, 371, lateral view. 372–373, head, male: 372, frontal view, 373, dorsal view. 374– 375, antenna: 374, female, 375, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800920/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figs. 368–371, 374</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13142A16FFECFF99FD06F9AFFCA87D6E" box="[743,846,1612,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 376–378" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1505,1529]" captionTargetBox="[164,1437,298,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-69@101.[150,1437,273,1482]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 376–378. Neuroterus bussae Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., sexual generation, female. 376–377, mesosoma: 376, dorsal view, 377, lateral view. 378, forewing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800922/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">376–378</figureCitation>
). Head dark brown to black, mesosoma and metasoma brown; clypeus, mandibles, maxillary and labial palpi, antennae, tegulae light brown; legs yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFECFF9AFF26F977FBA37A48" blockId="101.[151,1437,1612,2034]" lastBlockId="102.[151,1437,151,1113]" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Head alutaceous, with sparse white setae, denser on lower face; 1.3× as broad as high and slightly broader than mesosoma in frontal view, 2.3× as broad as long in dorsal view, Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye in frontal view, transverse diameter of eye 2.0× as broad as gena in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, without striae, without malar sulcus; eye 4.9× as high as length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. POL 2.8× as long as OOL, OOL 1.5× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and slightly shorter than LOL; all ocelli ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance equal to height of eye, diameter of antennal torulus equal to distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.6× as long as diameter of torulus; lower face and slightly elevated median area uniformly alutaceous, without striae. Clypeus trapezoid, alutaceous, broader than high; ventrally rounded, emarginate, without median incision and with a few long setae ventrally; anterior tentorial pit large, rounded, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, broad. Frons and slightly elevated interocellar area alutaceous, with a few short white setae. Vertex, occiput alutaceous, with rare setae; postocciput, postgena smooth, glabrous; occipital foramen as high as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into indistinct united postgenal sulci, postgenal bridge narrow. Antenna longer than head+mesosoma, with 10 flagellomeres, pedicel and scape 3.0× as broad as F1 width; F1 narrowest flagellomere, nearly as long as pedicel and equal in length to F2, F2=F3=F4, F5–F10 equal in length, F12 slightly longer than F11; placodeal sensilla on F2–F12.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEFFF9AFF26FEA8FEE97854" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Mesosoma slightly longer than high, with a few white setae. Propleuron smooth, glabrous. Pronotum alutaceous, with a few setae and some delicate striae laterally; anterior margin invaginated, smooth, glabrous, foveolate. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, with a few setae, longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum at level of base of tegulae), emarginate posterolaterally, slightly elevated above dorsal axillar area. Notaulus, anterior parallel line, parapsidal line, median mesoscutal line absent; circumscutellar carina broad, extending above tegula. Transscutal articulation absent. Mesoscutellum slightly longer than broad, ovate, uniformly alutaceous, with some white short setae, posteriorly rounded, clearly projecting over metanotum. Mesoscutellar foveae in the form of a transverse, narrow impressed anterior area, with smooth, glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum alutaceous, glabrous, invaginated in lower half; mesopleural triangle smooth, glabrous, with a few white setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, glabrous; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, with parallel margins, shorter than height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus delimiting smooth, glabrous area, distinct, reaching mesopleuron at half height. Metascutellum smooth, glabrous, as high as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous; propodeum posterodorsally smooth, glabrous, without carinae, lateral propodeal carina present only at the most posterior end of propodeum. Nucha short, smooth, glabrous. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEFFF9AFF26FC84FD2478C0" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, margin with long dense cilia, with dark brown veins, radial cell open, 3.9× as long as broad, R1 and Rs reaching wing margin; areolet triangular, well-delimited, Rs+M distinct along full length, reaching basalis in lower 1/3 of its height.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEFFF9AFF26FC30FC527F50" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, shorter than high in lateral view; second metasomal tergite extending to 1/3 of metasoma length in dorsal view, without micropunctures, subsequent tergites smooth, glabrous, without micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium as long as broad in ventral view, without setae. Body length 1.7–2.0 mm (n = 10).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF50661BFFEFFF9AFF76F87CFE927CD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800924/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" startId="102.[151,264,1951,1975]" targetBox="[153,1435,1137,1927]" targetPageId="102">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEFFF9AFF76F87CFE927CD5" blockId="102.[151,1436,1951,2012]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEFFF9AFF76F87CFE897CB1" bold="true" box="[151,367,1951,1976]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">FIGURES 379–380.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEFFF9AFE99F842FCE27CB1" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityYear="2021" box="[376,772,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bussae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEFFF9AFE99F842FDD17CB1" box="[376,567,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Neuroterus bussae</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEFFF9AFCF0F843FC857CB1" bold="true" box="[785,867,1952,1976]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857FAFFEFFF9AFCF0F843FC857CB1" box="[785,867,1952,1976]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, sexual generation, galls. 379, lower side of leaf, 380, upper side of the leaf.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEEFF9BFF26FF74FAEB7A14" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
Male (
<figureCitation id="13142A16FFEEFF9BFEF1FF74FE0B7BB8" box="[272,493,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 368–375" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,275,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-71@100.[152,1435,273,1443]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 368–375. Neuroterus bussae Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., sexual generation. 368–371, head, female: 368, frontal view, 369, dorsal view, 370, posterior view, 371, lateral view. 372–373, head, male: 372, frontal view, 373, dorsal view. 374– 375, antenna: 374, female, 375, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800920/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs. 372–373, 375</figureCitation>
). Similar to female but eye 1.4× as high as length of transfacial distance and 6.6× as high as length of malar space, ocelli huge, lateral ocellus nearly reaches eye; antenna with 12 flagellomeres, scape and pedicel 3.0× as broad as width of F1, F1 straight, apically not swollen, 2.0× as long as F2, F2 and all subsequent flagellomeres nearly equal in length, placodeal sensilla on F1–F13. Body length 
<quantity id="4CD79B76FFEEFF9BFBFFFEE0FB437A14" box="[1054,1189,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="1.7999999999999998" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.9 mm</quantity>
(n = 10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEEFF9BFF26FEC5FCCA7A6C" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEEFF9BFF26FEC5FEE77A49" bold="true" box="[199,257,294,320]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Gall.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13142A16FFEEFF9BFEF2FEC4FE5D7A48" box="[275,443,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 379–380" captionStartId="102.[151,264,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,1137,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-409@102.[153,1435,1137,1927]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURES 379–380. Neuroterus bussae Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., sexual generation, galls. 379, lower side of leaf, 380, upper side of the leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800924/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs. 379–380</figureCitation>
). Blister-like small integral parenchyma galls, visible on both sides of the leaf; on new leaves. Emergence holes typically on upper surface of leaf.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFEEFF9BFF26FE8DFCE67AFF" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEEFF9BFF26FE8DFCE67AFF" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEEFF9BFF26FE8DFEC17A81" bold="true" box="[199,295,366,392]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Biology.</emphasis>
Only a sexual generation is known, which induces integral leaf galls on 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFEEFF9BFB84FE8CFB1A7A81" box="[1125,1276,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEEFF9BFB84FE8CFB1A7A81" box="[1125,1276,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Galls mature in late March-April, adults emerged immediately after the galls were collected, in March-April. Males and females from multiple sites were confirmed as conspecific using cytb sequences, with between 0 and 0.92% divergence among individuals (GenBank 
<accessionNumber id="947CAB70FFEEFF9BFE09FE38FD807AFF" box="[488,614,475,502]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OK346308" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="GenBank">OK346308</accessionNumber>
– 
<accessionNumber id="947CAB70FFEEFF9BFD94FE38FD127AFF" box="[629,756,475,502]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OK346314" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="GenBank">OK346314</accessionNumber>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFEEFF9BFF26FE1DFC4D7910" box="[199,939,510,537]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFEEFF9BFF26FE1DFC4D7910" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,537]" box="[199,939,510,537]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFEEFF9BFF26FE1DFE877911" bold="true" box="[199,353,510,536]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFEEFF9BFE86FE1CFE447910" box="[359,418,511,537]" name="United States of America" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FFEEFF9BFE4CFE1CFDE47910" box="[429,514,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Florida</collectingRegion>
: Morriston, Gainesville, Jacksonville.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>