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<document id="DE2408A339A368AFBCB6EFB90F720593" ID-CLB-Dataset="2793" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5084.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd42fe03-1a35-4f17-b0fe-55b6ec7fdf80" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800716" ID-ZooBank="53B21C11-CA12-480F-8048-1A0601784172" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640238335522" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Melika, George, Nicholls, James A., Abrahamson, Warren G., Buss, Eileen A. &amp; Stone, Graham N." docDate="2021" docId="03868785FFDFFFA5FF76FE48FD797AA4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5084.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5084 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Loxaulus virginianae Melika &amp; Buss 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A7C8E359-5013-4D15-B686-02589B18F2CB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFBFFFFDFF89FFFCFFE1FFE3FFE67B09" masterDocTitle="New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1699473059019" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="7FB2875F8A2CCA34877589B84B758F08" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="247E9B56BA9ED927C32B089918BB6D5B">
<mods:title id="2A0CC2E709871F978FFE6A6779C4D8C4">New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A0AE838AD9FCFD61E7354B1C84EB2F32" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5D37A9243BCD4DD9042E97BA0C838D8C">
<mods:roleTerm id="D3DF9068DE371B14EEF3ADEDB51EA80F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DBDFB29D6D842DA87E22EA3AED7F7565">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="297F5A69540F7B1B78042BFA77CC6723" type="personal">
<mods:role id="82930270978BD067D4EEC38EB809B9D7">
<mods:roleTerm id="6FBF5FF5139F993487579493C80EDDD7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="72E784BCA3264FC3983FF30665551969">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="99A7D4DFE1A8F4A6D8CFE79B296D4C06" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9325-563X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="98C3C6650ED5E8B6E45014BB21EC29CC" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7BD781B14628A6EBAFD86ADCC9295D5A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5AD1832FACE727076F5338449519BDB7">
<mods:roleTerm id="74E64FCC7132253D29D3E559CE112CEC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8715272174D62635F130DBFF235DC381">Abrahamson, Warren G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="326C5F5C470AD2255375ADC97FD3A40E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3557-3613</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCA0C04CA0632CDD46AF89E9F4E6316A" type="email">abrahmsn@bucknell.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="03A9C425EC8743F681FC791A2ED86953" type="personal">
<mods:role id="53711DD88D802790F109A310C90CD48F">
<mods:roleTerm id="6AD4461A6CB66540B151160905A1D4C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4370196E1DEBC821D2D42698DFCE17A3">Buss, Eileen A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DE0DC2D350C2D432E80A82D02CAB9E3D" type="email">eabuss@ufl.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4B9747F08DA54E5F4B5B8150825B1651" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E8F40CCF432525F5E25209EBE9D13B28">
<mods:roleTerm id="7A358E8DF9173F4F1157B2E1F3929252">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1FE1658D1711F2FD84B152EBA4362031">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F760591B0C088FCC6E0A558AD1929F3B" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2737-696X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="95C6EF7ACD2DD144D7C19460F5B75C5F" type="email">gstone@staffmail.ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="72816ED9925507A9B9C35579314A19FC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C5ABB4B06E86A1848DBB53D832D64247" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5406A26FE36BE23C3AC264ACFD0C4118">
<mods:title id="20DA1F8CD6D2D45C52F260F01233147D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0441DA546181F165C77E78745F220288">
<mods:date id="B2A40217C6EB8C726A2CF87B5C88EA35">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D85E2E8085A3C7FFCD58DD7F416DD45D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8AD58943D899C28455E23CB9CE214119">2021-12-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7686186E3172B0D49CA5AF802B032D0A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DFC0B8FA2C94D0678F616FA792E1F156">5084</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C220F27D3FAE76F41B2BC16304D3F06D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="18F84E07EBD708098CD79C6205C978D5">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="33AC22C7F52D3B5897369C999CFED2B5">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2C269447EEBF1D35EB89B2098B0690E8">131</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="319F73BF50075A253108A71A2B584FE8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1800C9EEDA56B89B279EE0DBF27CF3CB" type="CLB-Dataset">2793</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="83D1A0F73D928AFC0F22D471E0732617" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5084.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6DAF458EA652C2C2A90D242BAAAF27F1" type="GBIF-Dataset">bd42fe03-1a35-4f17-b0fe-55b6ec7fdf80</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A1C14930011963EAE43A4693B048A9A8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DDC542B8AE08C69D3B41F08E96EECA25" type="Zenodo-Dep">5800716</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3E58DBEDB89D283A8061E0AD0B416806" type="ZooBank">53B21C11-CA12-480F-8048-1A0601784172</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03868785FFDFFFA5FF76FE48FD797AA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800988" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191881045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800988" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7C8E359-5013-4D15-B686-02589B18F2CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03868785FFDFFFA5FF76FE48FD797AA4" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFDFFFAAFF76FE48FD2F7ACF" box="[151,713,427,454]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDFFFAAFF76FE48FD2F7ACF" blockId="86.[151,957,427,527]" box="[151,713,427,454]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="D0D881FFFFDFFFAAFF76FE48FD2F7ACF" bold="true" box="[151,713,427,454]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFF76FE48FD2F7ACF" bold="true" box="[151,713,427,454]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFF76FE48FDB87ACF" authority="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,606,427,454]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginianae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFF76FE48FE7A7ACF" bold="true" box="[151,412,427,454]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Loxaulus virginianae</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Buss
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857FAFFDFFFAAFD8AFE4FFD2F7ACF" box="[619,713,428,454]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFDFFFAAFF76FE33FC5B7906" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDFFFAAFF76FE33FEDE7AE3" blockId="86.[151,957,427,527]" box="[151,312,464,490]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<figureCitation id="13142A16FFDFFFAAFF76FE33FEDE7AE3" box="[151,312,464,490]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 317–322" captionStart-1="FIGURES 323–328" captionStartId-0="87.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionStartId-1="88.[151,264,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1429,504,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1417,189,1645]" captionTargetId-0="figure-147@87.[153,1434,489,1941]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@88.[153,1435,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId-0="87" captionTargetPageId-1="88" captionText-0="FIGURES 317–322. Loxaulus virginianae Melika &amp; Buss, sp. nov., asexual generation, female. 317–320, head, female: 317, frontal view, 318, dorsal view, 319, posterior view, 320, lateral view. 321, antenna. 322, forewing, part." captionText-1="FIGURES 323–328. Loxaulus virginianae Melika &amp; Buss, sp. nov., asexual generation, female and gall. 323–324, mesosoma: 323, lateral view, 324, dorsal view. 325, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 326, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 327, metasoma, lateral view. 328, gall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800890" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800892" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5800890/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5800892/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs. 317–328</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDFFFAAFF76FE17FC5B7906" blockId="86.[151,957,427,527]" box="[151,957,500,527]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<uri id="FFBE3A91FFDFFFAAFF76FE17FC5B7906" box="[151,957,500,527]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FF890C46FFDFFFAAFE4CFE17FC5B7906" box="[429,957,500,527]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A7C8E359-5013-4D15-B686-02589B18F2CB</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFDFFFAAFF76FDDFFBCC7996" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDFFFAAFF76FDDFFBCC7996" blockId="86.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFF76FDDFFEA1795F" bold="true" box="[151,327,572,598]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFFDFFFAAFEAFFDDFFC8C7973" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514306" collectingDate="2013-05-18" collectingDateMax="2013-05-26" collectingDateMin="2013-05-18" collectorName="Albert van Hoogmoed" country="United States of America" location="Oak Hill Tree Farm" municipality="Grand Bay" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54948831FFDFFFAAFEAFFDDFFE04795F" box="[334,482,572,598]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
female “
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFDFFFAAFDA6FDDFFD62795F" box="[583,644,572,598]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FFDFFFAAFD6FFDDFFD10795F" box="[654,758,572,598]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Alabama</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4ACE9FFDFFFAAFCE0FDDFFC9A795E" box="[769,892,572,599]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Grand Bay</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF06048FFDFFFAAFC66FDDFFB81795E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868785FFDFFFA5FF76FE48FD797AA4:8EF06048FFDFFFAAFC66FDDFFB81795E" box="[903,1127,572,599]" country="United States of America" municipality="Grand Bay" name="Oak Hill Tree Farm" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" stateProvince="Alabama">Oak Hill Tree Farm</location>
, coll.
<date id="FF911053FFDFFFAAFB4BFDDFFA8E795F" box="[1194,1384,572,599]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2013-05-18" valueMax="2013-05-26" valueMin="2013-05-18">
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9BBFFDFFFAAFB4BFDDFFA8E795F" box="[1194,1384,572,599]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2013-05-18" valueMax="2013-05-26" valueMin="2013-05-18">18-26 May 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26DA5345FFDFFFAAFF76FD83FE717973" box="[151,407,608,635]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Albert van Hoogmoed</collectorName>
; ex galls in twigs of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFD62FD83FCBA7973" box="[643,860,608,634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFD62FD83FCBA7973" box="[643,860,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Quercus virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFFDFFFAAFC99FD83FD167997" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514346" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54948831FFDFFFAAFC99FD83FBF17973" box="[888,1047,608,634]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFDFFFAAFBC3FD83FB697973" box="[1058,1167,608,634]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
with the same labels as the
<typeStatus id="54948831FFDFFFAAFF21FD67FEC07997" box="[192,294,644,670]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The
<typeStatus id="54948831FFDFFFAAFE83FD67FE227997" box="[354,452,644,670]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited at the
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE56FFDFFFAAFD7DFD67FD167997" box="[668,752,644,670]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B473CCEFFDFFFAAFD1AFD67FBC07996" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426514337" box="[763,1062,644,671]" collectionCode="PHDNRL" country="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D29FD1AFFDFFFAAFD1AFD67FC817997" box="[763,871,644,670]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
at the
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE56FFDFFFAAFC53FD66FBC07996" box="[946,1062,645,671]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFDFFFAAFF26FD4BFCCF79CA" box="[199,809,680,707]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDFFFAAFF26FD4BFCCF79CA" blockId="86.[151,1437,572,2039]" box="[199,809,680,707]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFF26FD4BFEA879CB" bold="true" box="[199,334,680,706]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after the host plant,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFD6DFD4BFCC479CB" box="[652,802,680,706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFD6DFD4BFCC479CB" box="[652,802,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFDFFFAAFF26FD2FFA9A78EB" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDFFFAAFF26FD2FFA9A78EB" blockId="86.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFF26FD2FFEA479EF" bold="true" box="[199,322,716,742]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A key to all 14
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFE1DFD2FFD5A79EF" box="[508,700,716,742]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFE1DFD2FFD8579EF" box="[508,611,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Loxaulus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
known from America north of
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFDFFFAAFBC3FD2FFB9E79EF" box="[1058,1144,716,742]" name="Mexico" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mexico</collectingCountry>
was published by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFDFFFAAFAACFD2FFE7E7803" author="Melika, G. &amp; Abrahamson, W. G." pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="198 - 211" refId="ref66455" refString="Melika, G. &amp; Abrahamson, W. G. (2000) Review of the cynipid gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102 (1), 198 - 211." type="journal article" year="2000">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFAACFD2FFA7A79EF" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Abrahamson &amp; Buss &amp; Stone, 2021" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls &amp; Abrahamson &amp; Buss &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2021" box="[1357,1436,716,742]" genus="Melika" pageId="86" pageNumber="130" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Melika</taxonomicName>
&amp; Abrahamson (2000)
</bibRefCitation>
. There are two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFD5EFD13FCC07803" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[703,806,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFD5EFD13FCC07803" box="[703,806,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Loxaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFCD5FD12FB957803" authority="(Kinsey, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[820,1139,752,779]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersoni">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFCD5FD12FCA27803" box="[820,836,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFCB2FD12FC237803" box="[851,965,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">pattersoni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B62FFDFFFAAFC35FD13FB8D7803" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[980,1131,752,778]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref65480" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1922) Studies of some new and described Cynipidae (Hymenoptera). Indiana University Studies, 9 (53), 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1922">Kinsey, 1922</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFB4AFD12FAAF7803" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2021" box="[1195,1353,753,778]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginianae">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFB4AFD12FAAF7803" box="[1195,1353,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">L. virginianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFE95FCF7FDEC7827" box="[372,522,788,814]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFE95FCF7FDEC7827" box="[372,522,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFDF9FCF7FD1E7827" baseAuthorityName="Kinsey" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[536,760,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersoni">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFDF9FCF7FD1E7827" box="[536,760,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Loxaulus pattersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, known from Texas, induces galls on roots of
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFB1EFCF7FA7B7827" box="[1279,1437,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFB1EFCF7FA7F7827" box="[1279,1433,788,814]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Q. virginiana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFF56FCDAFEBC785B" box="[183,346,825,850]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattersonae">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFF56FCDAFEBC785B" box="[183,346,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">L. pattersonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the forewing margin has dense cilia, antenna with 13 flagellomeres, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFB32FCDAFA94785B" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2021" box="[1235,1394,825,850]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginianae">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFB32FCDAFA94785B" box="[1235,1394,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">L. virginianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the forewing margin is without cilia, antenna with 12 flagellomeres.
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFC87FCBFFBB5787F" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2021" box="[870,1107,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginianae">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFC87FCBFFBB5787F" box="[870,1107,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Loxaulus virginianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
somewhat resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFAA6FCBEFE957893" authority="Pujade-Villar, 2014" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFAA6FCBEFA7A787F" box="[1351,1436,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">L. laeta</emphasis>
Pujade-Villar, 2014
</taxonomicName>
described from
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFDFFFAAFDCEFC63FD637893" box="[559,645,896,922]" name="Mexico" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFCD4FC62FC8E7893" box="[821,872,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
. 2014b), but the latter has antennae with only 10 flagellomeres, the forewing with cilia on the margin and the body is dark brown to black, while
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDFFFAAFB30FC46FA8978B7" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2021" box="[1233,1391,933,958]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginianae">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFB30FC46FA8978B7" box="[1233,1391,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">L. virginianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has antennae with 12 flagellomers, the forewing without cilia on margins, and the body is uniformly reddish brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFDFFFA5FF26FC0FFBA17A48" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDFFFAAFF26FC0FFE517F23" blockId="86.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDFFFAAFF26FC0FFEBF7F0F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1004,1030]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Description.</emphasis>
Asexual female (
<figureCitation id="13142A16FFDFFFAAFDCBFC0FFD327F0F" box="[554,724,1004,1030]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 317–322" captionStart-1="FIGURES 323–328" captionStartId-0="87.[151,264,1964,1988]" captionStartId-1="88.[151,264,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1429,504,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1417,189,1645]" captionTargetId-0="figure-147@87.[153,1434,489,1941]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@88.[153,1435,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId-0="87" captionTargetPageId-1="88" captionText-0="FIGURES 317–322. Loxaulus virginianae Melika &amp; Buss, sp. nov., asexual generation, female. 317–320, head, female: 317, frontal view, 318, dorsal view, 319, posterior view, 320, lateral view. 321, antenna. 322, forewing, part." captionText-1="FIGURES 323–328. Loxaulus virginianae Melika &amp; Buss, sp. nov., asexual generation, female and gall. 323–324, mesosoma: 323, lateral view, 324, dorsal view. 325, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 326, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 327, metasoma, lateral view. 328, gall." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800890" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800892" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5800890/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5800892/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs. 317–327</figureCitation>
). Head, mesosoma, metasoma, antennae, mouthparts, legs all uniformly reddish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDFFFAAFF26FBD7FD4D7D87" blockId="86.[151,1437,572,2039]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Head delicately reticulate, with a few white setae, 1.2× as broad as high and slightly broader than mesosoma in frontal view, 2.0× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena reticulate, broadened behind eye in frontal view, broader than transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space reticulate, with malar sulcus, eye 3.2× as high as length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. POL 2.0× as long as OOL, OOL 1.8× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, 1.2× as long as LOL, all ocelli ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance as long as height of eye, diameter of antennal torulus 1.9× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.2× as long as diameter of torulus; lower face and slightly elevated median area alutaceous, with a few short white setae, without striae. Clypeus trapezoid, slightly broader than high, smooth, glabrous; ventrally rounded, not emarginate, without median incision and with a few long setae; anterior tentorial pit large, deep, rounded, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct. Frons and interocellar area reticulate, without setae. Vertex and occiput reticulate, postocciput smooth, glabrous, postgena reticulate, with a few setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, area below impressed, occipital foramen 1.6× as high as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which are not united, running parallel to half the length of postgenal bridge, diverge in anterior half; anterior half of postgenal bridge as broad as occipital foramen. Antenna slightly longer than head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres (in some
<typeStatus id="54948831FFDFFFAAFE18F9CEFD827D4E" box="[505,612,1581,1607]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
suture between F11 and F12 indistinct), pedicel 1.8× as long as broad, F1 1.6× as long as pedicel and equal to F2; F2=F3=F4; F4 to F11 equal in length, slightly shorter than F3; F12 slightly shorter than F11; placodeal sensilla on F3–F12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDFFFABFF26F97AFC6C7AD8" blockId="86.[151,1437,572,2039]" lastBlockId="87.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mesosoma longer than high, with rare short white setae. Pronotum uniformly reticulate, invaginated anterior margin of pronotum foveolate, dorsally with a few sparse setae. Propleuron delicately coriaceous, glabrous. Mesoscutum uniformly reticulate, longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum at level of base of tegulae). Notaulus incomplete, deep, with smooth, glabrous bottom in posterior 1/3 of mesoscutum, hardly traceable in anterior 2/3, converging posteriorly; anterior parallel line indistinct, extends to 1/4 of mesoscutum length; parapsidal line visible in posterior 2/3 of mesoscutum, marked with smooth, glabrous areas; median mesoscutal line absent or in the form of a short triangle posteriorly; circumscutellar carina narrow, reaching slightly above tegula. Mesoscutellum rounded slightly longer than broad, with net of irregular rugae, posteriorly rounded. Mesoscutellar foveae not separated medially, in the form of a transverse anterior impression, with smooth glabrous bottom and parallel longitudinal rugae. Mesopleuron and speculum glabrous, uniformly delicately reticulate, without setae; mesopleural triangle glabrous, with some transverse delicate rugae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas reticulate; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, narrow, with subparallel margins, at posterior end slightly shorter than height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus delimiting broad rugose, glabrous area, reaching mesopleuron in upper 1/3, upper part of sulcus indistinct. Metascutellum coriaceous, 2.0× as high as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without setae, with distinct longitudinal parallel rugae; central propodeal area smooth, glabrous, without setae, broader anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly, with strong complete central longitudinal carinae and numerous transverse rugae dividing central propodeal area into rectangular units; lateral propodeal area glabrous, without setae, with net of irregular rugae. Nucha with net of short irregular delicate sulci dorsally and laterally. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF50661BFFDEFFABFF76F84FFB4A7CEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800890/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" startId="87.[151,264,1964,1988]" targetBox="[161,1429,504,1919]" targetPageId="87">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFDEFFABFF76F84FFB4A7CEE" blockId="87.[151,1436,1964,2024]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDEFFABFF76F84FFE8B7CCD" bold="true" box="[151,365,1964,1988]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">FIGURES 317–322.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFDEFFABFE94F84FFD147CCA" authority="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2021" box="[373,754,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginianae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDEFFABFE94F84FFDAB7CCD" box="[373,589,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Loxaulus virginianae</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Buss
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFDEFFABFD1DF84FFCA87CCD" bold="true" box="[764,846,1964,1988]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857FAFFDEFFABFD1DF84FFCA87CCD" box="[764,846,1964,1988]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual generation, female. 317–320, head, female: 317, frontal view, 318, dorsal view, 319, posterior view, 320, lateral view. 321, antenna. 322, forewing, part.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF50661BFFD1FFA4FF76F96CFE0A7DE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5800892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800892/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[151,264,1679,1703]" targetBox="[161,1417,189,1645]" targetPageId="88">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFD1FFA4FF76F96CFE0A7DE6" blockId="88.[151,1437,1679,1776]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFD1FFA4FF76F96CFE8A7DAE" bold="true" box="[151,364,1679,1703]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURES 323–328.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFD1FFA4FE92F96CFD0A7DAE" authority="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityName="Melika &amp; Buss" authorityYear="2021" box="[371,748,1679,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Loxaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginianae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFD1FFA4FE92F96CFDAC7DAE" box="[371,586,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Loxaulus virginianae</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Buss
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFD1FFA4FD17F973FCA07DA1" bold="true" box="[758,838,1680,1704]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857FAFFD1FFA4FD17F973FCA07DA1" box="[758,838,1680,1704]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, asexual generation, female and gall. 323–324, mesosoma: 323, lateral view, 324, dorsal view. 325, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 326, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 327, metasoma, lateral view. 328, gall.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFD1FFA4FF26F8FDFB3F7C89" blockId="88.[151,1436,1822,2028]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, with dark brown veins, margin without cilia, with dark brown stripe going across radial cell and extend to Cu1b, radial cell open, 3.5× as long as broad, R1and Rs nearly reaching wing margin, areolet triangular, well-delimited, Rs+M distinct along full length, reaching basalis at mid height.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFD1FFA5FF26F869FA6C7BDC" blockId="88.[151,1436,1822,2028]" lastBlockId="89.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, slightly longer than high in lateral view; second metasomal tergite extending to 1/4 length of metasoma in dorsal view, with a few white setae anterolaterally, without micropunctures, subsequent tergites glabrous, with few rare indistinct micropunctures. Hypopygium with delicate dense micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium narrowing slightly towards apex, more than 2.0× as long as broad in ventral view, with few long setae extend beyond apex of spine. Body length
<quantity id="4CD79B76FFD0FFA5FB4BFF58FAD77BDC" box="[1194,1329,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.1 mm</quantity>
(n = 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903693FFD0FFA5FF26FF3DFBA17A48" blockId="89.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFD0FFA5FF26FF3DFEE77BF1" bold="true" box="[199,257,222,248]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Gall.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13142A16FFD0FFA5FEF3FF3CFE907BF0" box="[274,374,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 323–328" captionStartId="88.[151,264,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox="[161,1417,189,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-23@88.[153,1435,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURES 323–328. Loxaulus virginianae Melika &amp; Buss, sp. nov., asexual generation, female and gall. 323–324, mesosoma: 323, lateral view, 324, dorsal view. 325, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 326, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 327, metasoma, lateral view. 328, gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5800892" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5800892/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 328</figureCitation>
). Galls are tiny cryptic cells hidden under the bark of twigs, with little or no visible swelling of the twig. The galls are
<quantity id="4CD79B76FFD0FFA5FE5BFEE0FE1A7A14" box="[442,508,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long and consist only of the larval chamber. The galls are commonly induced in a longitudinal cluster and are most easily detected by the emergence holes in the bark.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFD0FFA5FF26FEA9FDB67A80" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFD0FFA5FF26FEA9FDB67A80" blockId="89.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFD0FFA5FF26FEA9FEC17A6D" bold="true" box="[199,295,330,356]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Biology.</emphasis>
Only an asexual generation is known, which induces stem galls in twigs of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D10FFD0FFA5FB8AFEA8FAE77A6D" box="[1131,1281,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFD0FFA5FB8AFEA8FAE77A6D" box="[1131,1281,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Galls mature in May, adults emerge soon afterwards.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356518FFD0FFA5FF26FE71FD797AA4" box="[199,671,402,429]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B903693FFD0FFA5FF26FE71FD797AA4" blockId="89.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,671,402,429]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B95BEA81FFD0FFA5FF26FE71FE877AA5" bold="true" box="[199,353,402,428]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3387603FFD0FFA5FE86FE70FE447AA4" box="[359,418,403,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EBF871FFD0FFA5FE4DFE70FDF27AA4" box="[428,532,403,429]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Alabama</collectingRegion>
, Grand Bay.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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