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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.84937" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bde3c64e-0f30-480b-b484-f1fb69f394c9" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-91-41" ID-Pensoft-UUID="98F82D681D2F59EAB999CA96044E9780" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6789828" ID-ZooBank="410351D0DE454C43A31E35DC8DB55B62" ModsDocID="1314-2607-91-41" checkinTime="1656635059697" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kang, Ilgoo, Whitfield, James B., Owens, Brittany E. &amp; Chen, Junyan" docDate="2022" docId="D17F8ADC03775284A83A911EBBE97052" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 91: 41-68" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91" docPubDate="2022-06-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.84937" docTitle="Neocardiochiles Szepligeti 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="98F82D681D2F59EAB999CA96044E9780" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="98F82D681D2F59EAB999CA96044E9780" masterDocTitle="Resurrection of Neocardiochiles Szepligeti, 1908 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) with descriptions of five new species from the Neotropical region" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1678757979755" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Resurrection of Neocardiochiles Szepligeti, 1908 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) with descriptions of five new species from the Neotropical region</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kang, Ilgoo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-1758</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ikang1@lsu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-9106</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Ave., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Owens, Brittany E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chen, Junyan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-06-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>91</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>41</mods:start>
<mods:end>68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.84937</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.84937</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-91-41</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">410351D0DE454C43A31E35DC8DB55B62</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">98F82D681D2F59EAB999CA96044E9780</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6789828</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="196372993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D17F8ADC03775284A83A911EBBE97052" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D17F8ADC03775284A83A911EBBE97052" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName LSID="D17F8ADC-0377-5284-A83A-911EBBE97052" authority="Szepligeti, 1908" authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neocardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocardiochiles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Neocardiochiles
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
, 1908
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heteropteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropteron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heteropteron</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
, 1846, synonymized by Dangerfield, Austin, and Whitfield (1999) and confirmed by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110097167" author="Mercado, I" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" pagination="845 - 902" refId="B25" refString="Mercado, I, Wharton, RA, 2003. Mexican cardiochiline genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including a preliminary assessment of species-groups in Toxoneuron Say and Retusigaster Dangerfield, Austin and Whitfield. Journal of Natural History 37 (7): 845 - 902, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110097167" title="Mexican cardiochiline genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including a preliminary assessment of species-groups in Toxoneuron Say and Retusigaster Dangerfield, Austin and Whitfield." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110097167" volume="37" year="2003">Mercado and Wharton (2003)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="In Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" pagination="169 - 214" refId="B28" refString="Papp, J, 2014. A revisional study on Szepligeti's cardiochiline type specimens deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Cardiochilinae). In Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici 106: 169 - 214" title="A revisional study on Szepligeti's cardiochiline type specimens deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Cardiochilinae)." volume="106" year="2014">Papp (2014)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.50577" author="Dabek, EZ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" pagination="151 - 165" refId="B6" refString="Dabek, EZ, Whitfield, JB, Hallwachs, W, Janzen, DH, 2020. Two new reared species of Heteropteron Brulle (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) from northwest Costa Rica, with the first definitive host records for the genus. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 77: 151 - 165, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.50577" title="Two new reared species of Heteropteron Brulle (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) from northwest Costa Rica, with the first definitive host records for the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.50577" volume="77" year="2020">Dabek et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
. Type species:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heteropteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropteron macula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macula">Heteropteron macula</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
, 1846, designated by Viereck (1914)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mercado" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heteropteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropteron whitfieldi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitfieldi">Heteropteron whitfieldi</taxonomicName>
Mercado, 2003 to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kang &amp; Whitfield &amp; Owens &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mercado" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neocardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocardiochiles whitfieldi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitfieldi">Neocardiochiles whitfieldi</taxonomicName>
(Mercado, 2003);
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dabek &amp; Whitfield" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heteropteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropteron kidonoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kidonoi">Heteropteron kidonoi</taxonomicName>
Dabek &amp; Whitfield, 2020 to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kang &amp; Whitfield &amp; Owens &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Dabek &amp; Whitfield" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neocardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocardiochiles kidonoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kidonoi">Neocardiochiles kidonoi</taxonomicName>
(Dabek &amp; Whitfield, 2020);
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dabek &amp; Whitfield" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heteropteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropteron hasegawai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hasegawai">Heteropteron hasegawai</taxonomicName>
Dabek &amp; Whitfield, 2020 to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kang &amp; Whitfield &amp; Owens &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Dabek &amp; Whitfield" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neocardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocardiochiles hasegawai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hasegawai">Neocardiochiles hasegawai</taxonomicName>
(Dabek &amp; Whitfield, 2020). New combinations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Szepligeti" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neocardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocardiochiles fasciipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciipennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neocardiochiles fasciipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
, 1908.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neocardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocardiochiles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neocardiochiles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to the genera
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heteropteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropteron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Heteropteron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" genus="Wesmaelella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wesmaelella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Wesmaelella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and shares the following characters: eyes without setae; median areola on propodeum absent; notauli weekly impressed and posteriorly absent; scutellar sulcus without any crenula. However, members of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neocardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocardiochiles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neocardiochiles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heteropteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteropteron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Heteropteron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" genus="Wesmaelella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wesmaelella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Wesmaelella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possessing pectinate claws; propodeum with median longitudinal furrow (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neocardiochiles alexeyi sp. nov. A lateral habitus B wings C dorsal habitus D dorsal anterior head E propodeum and T 1 - T 2." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706716" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Neocardiochiles braeti sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E lateral mesosoma F dorsal propodeum and T 1." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706717" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Neocardiochiles chriscarltoni sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium and ovipositor sheath E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706718" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Neocardiochiles fasciipennis A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral hypopygium; arrow: median longitudinal fold E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3" figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706720" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Neocardiochiles franki sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E dorsal propodeum and T 1 F hypopygium, arrow: median longitudinal fold." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706721" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">7D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neocardiochiles victoriae sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706722" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">8E</figureCitation>
), posterior submarginal carinae, and carinate lateral margin (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neocardiochiles alexeyi sp. nov. A lateral habitus B wings C dorsal habitus D dorsal anterior head E propodeum and T 1 - T 2." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706716" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Neocardiochiles braeti sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E lateral mesosoma F dorsal propodeum and T 1." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706717" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Neocardiochiles chriscarltoni sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium and ovipositor sheath E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706718" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Neocardiochiles fasciipennis A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral hypopygium; arrow: median longitudinal fold E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3" figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706720" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Neocardiochiles franki sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E dorsal propodeum and T 1 F hypopygium, arrow: median longitudinal fold." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706721" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">7D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neocardiochiles victoriae sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706722" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">8E</figureCitation>
); hypopygium with median longitudinal fold (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Neocardiochiles braeti sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E lateral mesosoma F dorsal propodeum and T 1." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706717" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Neocardiochiles chriscarltoni sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium and ovipositor sheath E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706718" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Neocardiochiles fasciipennis A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral hypopygium; arrow: median longitudinal fold E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3" figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706720" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neocardiochiles victoriae sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706722" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">8D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
Body 6.5-11 mm.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Head</emphasis>
: Antenna 34-40-segmented. Face width 1.36-1.73
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than its height. Interantennal space with well-developed median carina. Width of anterior ocellus 0.96-1.15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than POL. Eyes bulged and without interommatidial setae (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neocardiochiles alexeyi sp. nov. A lateral habitus B wings C dorsal habitus D dorsal anterior head E propodeum and T 1 - T 2." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706716" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Neocardiochiles braeti sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E lateral mesosoma F dorsal propodeum and T 1." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706717" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Neocardiochiles chriscarltoni sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium and ovipositor sheath E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706718" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">4C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Neocardiochiles fasciipennis A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral hypopygium; arrow: median longitudinal fold E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3" figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706720" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">6C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Neocardiochiles franki sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E dorsal propodeum and T 1 F hypopygium, arrow: median longitudinal fold." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706721" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neocardiochiles victoriae sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706722" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">8C</figureCitation>
); median width of eye about 0.90-1.32
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than the median width of gena in lateral view. Gena extended ventroposteriorly into sharp prominence. Clypeus 1.64-2.61
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than its height; clypeal tubercles absent. Mandible bidentate. Maxillary palpus six-segmented. Labial palpus four-segmented. Galea short. Glossa short. Occipital carina absent.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Mesosoma</emphasis>
: Notauli weakly impressed and absent posteriorly (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neocardiochiles alexeyi sp. nov. A lateral habitus B wings C dorsal habitus D dorsal anterior head E propodeum and T 1 - T 2." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706716" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Neocardiochiles braeti sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E lateral mesosoma F dorsal propodeum and T 1." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706717" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Neocardiochiles chriscarltoni sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium and ovipositor sheath E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706718" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">4B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Neocardiochiles fasciipennis A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral hypopygium; arrow: median longitudinal fold E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3" figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706720" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Neocardiochiles franki sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E dorsal propodeum and T 1 F hypopygium, arrow: median longitudinal fold." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706721" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">7B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neocardiochiles victoriae sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706722" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">8B</figureCitation>
). Scutellar sulcus weakly impressed except for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kang" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neocardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocardiochiles alexeyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexeyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neocardiochiles alexeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., without crenula. Postscutellar depression absent. Pronotum entirely or mostly smooth with ventral longitudinal carina. Mesopleulon mostly smooth; posterior margin crenulate; precoxal sulcus absent (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Neocardiochiles chriscarltoni sp. nov. A antennae B mesopleuron." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706719" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">5B</figureCitation>
). Metapleuron mostly smooth. Propodeum 0.39-0.50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than its median width; mostly smooth; with median furrow; curved submarginal longitudinal carina on propodeum present posteriorly; lateral margin of propodeum carinate (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neocardiochiles alexeyi sp. nov. A lateral habitus B wings C dorsal habitus D dorsal anterior head E propodeum and T 1 - T 2." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706716" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Neocardiochiles braeti sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E lateral mesosoma F dorsal propodeum and T 1." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706717" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Neocardiochiles chriscarltoni sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium and ovipositor sheath E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706718" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Neocardiochiles fasciipennis A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral hypopygium; arrow: median longitudinal fold E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3" figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706720" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Neocardiochiles franki sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E dorsal propodeum and T 1 F hypopygium, arrow: median longitudinal fold." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706721" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">7D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neocardiochiles victoriae sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706722" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">8E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Legs</emphasis>
: Basal spur on mid tibia 0.56-0.71
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than length of basitarsus. Hind tibia without apical cup-like projection; basal spur on hind tibia 0.48-0.62
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than length of basitarsus. Claws pectinate.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Wings</emphasis>
: Fore wing (RS+M)a vein present; second submarginal cell trapezoid; 1r absent; 3r absent; 3RSb evenly curved. Hind wing 2r-m absent; 2-1A absent.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Metasoma</emphasis>
: T1 1.06-2.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than its posterior width, anterior width 0.53-0.83
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than posterior width, entirely separated with lateral tergum by suture; Y-shaped suture present. T2 nearly rectangle, 0.30-0.49
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than its posterior width. Hypopygium with median fold (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Neocardiochiles braeti sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C fore wing D anterior head E lateral mesosoma F dorsal propodeum and T 1." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706717" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Neocardiochiles chriscarltoni sp. nov. A antennae B mesopleuron." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706719" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">5D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Neocardiochiles fasciipennis A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral hypopygium; arrow: median longitudinal fold E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3" figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706720" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neocardiochiles victoriae sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and T 1 - T 3." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.91.84937.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/706722" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">8D</figureCitation>
). Ovipositor sheath nearly straight to slightly downcurved, as long as hind tarsomeres 1-3 combined as long as mesosoma, evenly setose except for base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neotropical region: Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Mexico, and Suriname.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
The two species for which hosts are known attack pyralid and depressariid caterpillars on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Roupala" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Roupala" order="Proteales" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Roupala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Proteales" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Proteaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.50577" author="Dabek, EZ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" pagination="151 - 165" refId="B6" refString="Dabek, EZ, Whitfield, JB, Hallwachs, W, Janzen, DH, 2020. Two new reared species of Heteropteron Brulle (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) from northwest Costa Rica, with the first definitive host records for the genus. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 77: 151 - 165, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.50577" title="Two new reared species of Heteropteron Brulle (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) from northwest Costa Rica, with the first definitive host records for the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.50577" volume="77" year="2020">Dabek et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="diversity">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Diversity.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
Nine species (
<bibRefCitation author="Szepligeti, V" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" pagination="397 - 427" refId="B35" refString="Szepligeti, V, 1908. Braconiden aus der Sammlung des Ungarischen National-Museums. II Teil. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 6: 397 - 427" title="Braconiden aus der Sammlung des Ungarischen National-Museums. II Teil." volume="6" year="1908">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
1908
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110097167" author="Mercado, I" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" pagination="845 - 902" refId="B25" refString="Mercado, I, Wharton, RA, 2003. Mexican cardiochiline genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including a preliminary assessment of species-groups in Toxoneuron Say and Retusigaster Dangerfield, Austin and Whitfield. Journal of Natural History 37 (7): 845 - 902, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110097167" title="Mexican cardiochiline genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including a preliminary assessment of species-groups in Toxoneuron Say and Retusigaster Dangerfield, Austin and Whitfield." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110097167" volume="37" year="2003">Mercado and Wharton (2003)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.50577" author="Dabek, EZ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" pagination="151 - 165" refId="B6" refString="Dabek, EZ, Whitfield, JB, Hallwachs, W, Janzen, DH, 2020. Two new reared species of Heteropteron Brulle (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) from northwest Costa Rica, with the first definitive host records for the genus. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 77: 151 - 165, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.50577" title="Two new reared species of Heteropteron Brulle (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) from northwest Costa Rica, with the first definitive host records for the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.50577" volume="77" year="2020">Dabek et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; current work).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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