303 lines
34 KiB
XML
303 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="B29A4D98AFA9C058A473104B8000468D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5352440" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630208260396" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Alvarez, Héctor Jaime Gasca, da, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos, Fonseca & Ratcliffe, Brett C." docDate="2008" docId="03FC1A09FFF0F755FF02490408E2FD6D" docLanguage="en" docName="0061.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2008 (61)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1.3:InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Strategus surinamensis subsp. hirtus Sternberg 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FFC56271FFDFF767FFC24F620949FFF3" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from the Brazilian Amazon" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1699185735107" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="AA5FD3C2D87A019C575DA5A261ACC8A3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="00FCD0F7655A8E4E88BD24111B8504C8">
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<mods:title id="4D06952530E99FB461608BB9A32CF451">Synopsis of the Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from the Brazilian Amazon</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="86207D6492539334AB4DD3F6ED3B676C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="367D2EB867DA1A8778C8F80428564663">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4682382933A992FA0E8746F2361C99BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="10F202379EF447EFED2709F7ACAEDFB1">Alvarez, Héctor Jaime Gasca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0366FDCD6EB5EB2F7F48248596A5DF57">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA Coordenação de Pesquisas em Entomologia Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis CEP 69011 - 970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0C0C592A548B9BC282D8A9953AADDCCE" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7ADE1D720D906A5CBD7D821A6F2FCB25">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C9D87BDEF01B6897ED21289561ABDBA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F4DE3DAF60D0F6812F0C2E2B44B893E8">da, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A74EBE69A678303E491EB5CA0AC766F4">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Coordenação de Pesquisas em Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis CEP 69011 - 970 Manaus, Amazonas</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8A7493F43B6F13BF5A07522E2F23A702" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6D680CAA0AB634D5768BBBD591C388CA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D3FEF76DFDEA9C1AA343A44195EDDAAD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B7CFBE51E0BABB7F6B5A840B06CB04B9">Fonseca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EB8AB86FE592396A0E36A1A0C052E0A0">Amazônia-INPA Entomologia Petrópolis, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9E19BBEE0690B1C6DF1DB6B6BE3CFB12" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F03A656115147268FB2F8AD8FDE7DA09">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6CA03DFB8963A69CEB4F91849357F5F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="77C4E6340B345BE120E11AC56CB02DF4">Ratcliffe, Brett C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="79E7AEF43B3347FF7D60ED4882EBA14E">University of Nebraska State Museum W 436 Nebraska Hall Lincoln, NE 68588 - 0514, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9B0197517CB83F133E42314DA19A0317">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8A984D19C68DC62641BDEAE6B87BFDFB">
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<mods:title id="4E06CB2E3B2D3E099E0D67F8BC21A5DA">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D8B368DE6D1E7FC8E2BBDDD99076248E">
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<mods:date id="C9749651B6B8C9BFABBA7D978A6FA3E5">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E4CE68675DDBCAFBEA7B764F39E1081B" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="AFA459683C5C9BE82E61C7E5E98F483D">2008-12-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="169C98F7E7FB7BF2A941AA21DA92969F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="013D77A2927662EC848529C4325B524E">2008</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="D4F9D6D1A16CCB2754DB7D678DAB348A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="799F29F86D3AF79A9B803C344E37AFCC">61</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="65F3824CACFA5F824D7810CF03D4FFDB" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="985B525ED54ED7494A68BAF6C565FCE3">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="24EC136116A884B585CE32BBE8E85DAB">62</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2F3DB9F4B724AA9D66C4885F4D51B74D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BBCAF4C03B42DEAD8BA0AC1C541D3312" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5352440</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C1E1833D2FFD49F2B010A180BBC9A54F" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4C3C8F6C701B2B36ED8AC216C7956A74" type="Zenodo-Dep">5352440</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FC1A09FFF0F755FF02490408E2FD6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC1A09FFF0F755FF02490408E2FD6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1A09FFF0F755FF02490408E2FD6D" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFF0F748FF0249040A61F98D" box="[192,808,1638,1662]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFF0F748FF0249040A61F98D" blockId="47.[192,808,1638,1662]" box="[192,808,1638,1662]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0A21C73FFF0F748FF0249040A61F98D" bold="true" box="[192,808,1638,1662]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFF0F748FF0249040A61F98D" authority="Sternberg 1910" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1910" box="[192,808,1638,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="hirtus">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFF0F748FF0249040A61F98D" bold="true" box="[192,808,1638,1662]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFF0F748FF0249040B11F98D" bold="true" box="[192,600,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Strategus surinamensis hirtus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFF0F748FD9E49040A61F98D" author="Sternberg, C." box="[604,808,1638,1662]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="91 - 102" refId="ref28196" refString="Sternberg, C. 1910. Neue Dynastiden-Arten II. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 54: 91 - 102." type="journal article" year="1910">Sternberg 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFF0F748FF0249E40801F96D" box="[192,328,1670,1694]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFF0F748FF0249E40801F96D" blockId="47.[192,328,1670,1694]" box="[192,328,1670,1694]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFF0F748FF0B49E40809F96D" box="[201,320,1670,1694]" captionStart-0="Figure 90-93" captionStart-1="Figure 94" captionStartId-0="48.[192,276,1395,1417]" captionStartId-1="49.[192,276,1092,1114]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1413,213,1346]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1432,201,1072]" captionTargetId-0="figure-211@48.[191,1441,191,1356]" captionTargetId-1="figure-261@49.[192,1444,191,1076]" captionTargetPageId-0="48" captionTargetPageId-1="49" captionText-0="Figure 90-93. Strategus surinamensis hirtus. 90) Habitus. 91) Male head and pronotum (scale line: 5 mm). 92) Parameres frontal view. 93) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm)." captionText-1="Figure 94. Distribution of Strategus surinamensis hirtus in Brazilian Amazonia." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352504" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352506" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5352504/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5352506/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Fig. 90-94</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFF0F748FF0249A50BBFF90D" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFF0F748FF0249A50BC9F92D" blockId="47.[192,758,1734,1790]" box="[192,640,1734,1758]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB458C31FFF0F748FF0249A50BC9F92D" box="[192,640,1734,1758]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF48D0EFFF0F748FF0249A50BC9F92D" author="Sternberg, C." box="[192,640,1734,1758]" page="100" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFF0F748FF0249A50BC9F92D" authority="Sternberg 1910: 100" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1910" box="[192,640,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtus">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFF0F748FF0249A508CFF92D" box="[192,390,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Strategus hirtus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFF0F748FE4949A40BC9F92D" author="Sternberg, C." box="[395,640,1734,1758]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="91 - 102" refId="ref28196" refString="Sternberg, C. 1910. Neue Dynastiden-Arten II. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 54: 91 - 102." type="journal article" year="1910">Sternberg 1910: 100</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFF0F748FF0249850BBFF90D" blockId="47.[192,758,1734,1790]" box="[192,758,1766,1790]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB458C31FFF0F748FF0249850BBFF90D" box="[192,758,1766,1790]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF48D0EFFF0F748FF0249850B39F90D" author="Prell, H." box="[192,624,1766,1790]" page="164" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" year="1934">
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<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFF0F748FF0249850B39F90D" authority="Prell 1934: 164" authorityName="Prell" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="1934" box="[192,624,1766,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kolbeanus">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFF0F748FF02498508FFF90D" box="[192,438,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Strategus kolbeanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFF0F748FE7E49840B39F90D" author="Prell, H." box="[444,624,1766,1790]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="194 - 195" refId="ref27128" refString="Prell, H. 1934. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der dynastinen (Xii). Beschreibungen und bemerkungen. Entomologische Zietschrift 47: 162 - 164, 186 - 188, 194 - 195." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell 1934: 164</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(synonym)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFF0F756FF0248440DD9FA54" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFF0F748FF0248440A0EF8AD" blockId="47.[192,1440,1830,1886]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFF0F748FF02484408D0F8CD" bold="true" box="[192,409,1830,1854]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">DESCRIPTION.</emphasis>
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Length:
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<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFF0F748FDC648440BE1F8CD" box="[516,680,1830,1854]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" metricValueMax="4.029999999999999" metricValueMin="1.81" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="29.2" valueMax="40.3" valueMin="18.1">18.1-40.3 mm</quantity>
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(males);
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<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFF0F748FCD648440AF0F8CD" box="[788,953,1830,1854]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.78" metricValueMin="3.32" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="37.8" valueMin="33.2">33.2-37.8 mm</quantity>
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(females). Width: 13.0-
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<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFF0F748FB1348440C70F8CD" box="[1233,1337,1830,1854]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="19.7">19.7 mm</quantity>
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(males);
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<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFF0F748FF024824082DF8AD" box="[192,356,1862,1886]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.755" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.66" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="17.55" valueMax="18.5" valueMin="16.6">16.6-18.5 mm</quantity>
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(females). Color: Castaneous to piceous.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2AFB97FFEFF757FF024A110A94FA56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352504" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352504/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="47" startId="48.[192,276,1395,1417]" targetBox="[194,1413,213,1346]" targetPageId="48">
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEFF757FF024A110A94FA56" blockId="48.[192,1440,1395,1446]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FF024A11082BFA7B" bold="true" box="[192,354,1395,1417]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Figure 90-93.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEFF757FEAB4A110BF5FA7B" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1910" box="[361,700,1395,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="hirtus">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FEAB4A110BF5FA7B" box="[361,700,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Strategus surinamensis hirtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FD0B4A110BA7FA7A" bold="true" box="[713,750,1395,1417]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">90)</emphasis>
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Habitus.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FC9F4A110ACBFA7A" bold="true" box="[861,898,1395,1417]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">91)</emphasis>
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Male head and pronotum (scale line: 5 mm).
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FAB94A110CE9FA7A" bold="true" box="[1403,1440,1395,1417]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">92)</emphasis>
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Parameres frontal view.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FE144AED08B2FA56" bold="true" box="[470,507,1423,1445]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">93)</emphasis>
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Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEFF756FF2F4ABB0C1DFAF4" blockId="48.[189,1437,1497,1905]" lastBlockId="49.[194,1442,1167,1447]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FF2F4ABB080FFA02" bold="true" box="[237,326,1497,1521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Males.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FE8E4ABB08C7FA02" box="[332,398,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
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: Frons with surface strongly punctate, with 2 strong, conical, transverse and widely separated tubercles. Eye canthus with surface punctate to rugose, apex rounded. Clypeus with narrow, weakly acuminate apex; surface rugose, slightly punctate. Antenna with 10 segments, club subequal in length to segments 2-7. Mandibles with 3 lobes; basal lobe small, apex rounded; middle lobe large, subtriangular, apex rounded; apical lobe small, triangular, apex rounded.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FB4949380C4EF982" box="[1163,1287,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Pronotum</emphasis>
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: Base with rugopunctate band, band reduced to basal bead at middle. Surface finely punctate, punctures small. Sides with punctures larger in size or with a rugose band at lateral margin. Fovea deep, usually with a longitudinal carina extending posteriorly from base of anterior horn. Majors (
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<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFEFF757FBDF49DB0D39F922" box="[1053,1136,1721,1745]" captionStart="Figure 90-93" captionStartId="48.[192,276,1395,1417]" captionTargetBox="[194,1413,213,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-211@48.[191,1441,191,1356]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figure 90-93. Strategus surinamensis hirtus. 90) Habitus. 91) Male head and pronotum (scale line: 5 mm). 92) Parameres frontal view. 93) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352504/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
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) with anterior horn long, slender, curving forward, apex rounded. Posterior horns long, stout, laterally compressed, apex rounded. Minors not seen, presumably with a typical reduction of anterior and posterior horns.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FB22499B0C66F8E2" box="[1248,1327,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Elytra</emphasis>
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: Sutural stria strongly impressed, distinctly crenulate. Surface granulate, sparsely punctate, punctures small; occasionally with 1-3 feebly impressed striae. Sides with 2-3 short rows of moderately deep, ocellate punctures behind humerus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEFF757FDD0483B0BBAF882" authority=": Surface" authorityName="Surface" box="[530,755,1881,1905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Pygidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEFF757FDD0483B0BC0F882" box="[530,649,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Pygidium</emphasis>
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: Surface
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</taxonomicName>
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finely granulate, moderately punctate, punctures small. Occasionally with a band of setigerous punctures in apical half. Lateral angles rugose.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FB344BF20C67FB54" box="[1270,1326,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Legs</emphasis>
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: Protibia quadridentate. Apex of posterior tibia with 2-3 teeth, median tooth reduced, with rounded apex. First tarsomere of posterior tarsus elongated, quadrangular.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FCA74BB20AFCFB14" box="[869,949,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Venter</emphasis>
|
|
: Prosternal process densely setose, long, apex rounded.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FEB64B9208B1FAF4" box="[372,504,1264,1287]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Parameres</emphasis>
|
|
: Oval, slightly variable in degree of curvature, apex setose (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFEEF756FB084B8D0C0EFAF4" box="[1226,1351,1263,1287]" captionStart="Figure 90-93" captionStartId="48.[192,276,1395,1417]" captionTargetBox="[194,1413,213,1346]" captionTargetId="figure-211@48.[191,1441,191,1356]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figure 90-93. Strategus surinamensis hirtus. 90) Habitus. 91) Male head and pronotum (scale line: 5 mm). 92) Parameres frontal view. 93) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352504/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Fig. 92-93</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF2AFB97FFEEF756FF024B260D0EFBA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352506" box="[192,1095,1092,1114]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352506/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" startId="49.[192,276,1092,1114]" targetBox="[206,1432,201,1072]" targetPageId="49">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEEF756FF024B260D0EFBA9" blockId="49.[192,1095,1092,1114]" box="[192,1095,1092,1114]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FF024B260875FBAA" bold="true" box="[192,316,1092,1114]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Figure 94.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEEF756FE2F4B260A77FBAA" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1910" box="[493,830,1092,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="hirtus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FE2F4B260A77FBAA" box="[493,830,1092,1113]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Strategus surinamensis hirtus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Brazilian Amazonia.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEEF756FF304A6D0DD9FA54" blockId="49.[194,1442,1167,1447]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FF304A6D0825FAD4" bold="true" box="[242,364,1295,1319]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Females.</emphasis>
|
|
As males except in the following respects:
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FCAC4A6D0AFEFAD4" box="[878,951,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Head:</emphasis>
|
|
Frons rugose. Mandibles similar in size, middle lobe smaller.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FE7E4A520B7CFAB4" box="[444,565,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
|
: Sides in basal half with lateral margin rugose to punctate. Anterior half rugose. Fovea reduced, moderately deep, surface strongly rugose to punctate. Tubercles conical, transverse.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEEF756FED04A0D08BEFA74" authority=": Surface" authorityName="Surface" box="[274,503,1391,1415]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Pygidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FED04A0D08C3FA74" box="[274,394,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Pygidium</emphasis>
|
|
: Surface
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
completely rugose to punctate, densely setose, setae long. Apex with 2 small bands of setae. In lateral view, basal half convex, apical half moderately concave.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEEF756FF004AAD0AB7F9D4" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEEF756FF004AAD0AB7F9D4" blockId="49.[194,1442,1487,1575]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FF004AAD083AFA14" bold="true" box="[194,371,1487,1511]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">DIAGNOSIS.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEEF756FEB84AAD0BA6FA14" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1910" box="[378,751,1487,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="hirtus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FEB84AAD0BA6FA14" box="[378,751,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Strategus surinamensis hirtus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be separated from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEEF756FBC94AAD0C36FA14" authority="surinamensis" authorityName="surinamensis Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[1035,1407,1487,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="surinamensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FBC94AAD0C36FA14" box="[1035,1407,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">S. surinamensis surinamensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the granulate to moderately punctate surface of the pygidium, the small punctures on pronotum and elytra, and by its geographic distribution south of the Amazon River.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEEF755FF00492D0824FEAD" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEEF756FF00492D0A9DF974" blockId="49.[194,1442,1615,1672]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FF00492D08E1F994" bold="true" box="[194,424,1615,1639]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">DISTRIBUTION.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEEF756FE6F492D0A55F994" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1910" box="[429,796,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="hirtus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FE6F492D0A55F994" box="[429,796,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Strategus surinamensis hirtus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distributed from the Amazon River south to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFEEF756FA8C492D09BFF974" name="Argentina" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|
, with records in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFEEF756FE7E490D08B3F974" box="[444,506,1647,1671]" name="Peru" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFEEF756FDC6490D0B12F974" box="[516,603,1647,1671]" name="Bolivia" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFEEF756FD5749120A45F97B" box="[661,780,1648,1672]" name="Paraguay" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFEEF756FCDB490D0A8EF974" author="Ratcliffe, B. C." box="[793,967,1647,1671]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" pagination="93 - 204" refId="ref27306" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. 1976. A revision of the genus Strategus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 10: 93 - 204." type="journal article" year="1976">Ratcliffe 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEEF756FF0049CD0A70F914" blockId="49.[194,1442,1711,1767]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B3DA142FFEEF756FF0049CD0B60F914" collectionCode="LOCALITY, RECORDS" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="70" specimenCount-female="24" specimenCount-male="11">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEEF756FF0049CD08B1F934" bold="true" box="[194,504,1711,1735]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4433DAFFEEF756FF0049CD08BAF934" box="[194,499,1711,1735]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">LOCALITY RECORDS</collectionCode>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFEEF756FDC549CD0B13F934" box="[519,602,1711,1735]" captionStart="Figure 94" captionStartId="49.[192,276,1092,1114]" captionTargetBox="[206,1432,201,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-261@49.[192,1444,191,1076]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figure 94. Distribution of Strategus surinamensis hirtus in Brazilian Amazonia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352506/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D536096FFEEF756FDAA49CD0A40F934" box="[616,777,1711,1735]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" type="generic">35 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
examined (
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D536096FFEEF756FC5649CD0D4BF934" box="[916,1026,1711,1735]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D536096FFEEF756FBCE49CD0DDBF934" box="[1036,1170,1711,1735]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" type="female">24 females</specimenCount>
|
|
). Specimens were seen from the following collections
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
: INPA, MZSP, MPEG.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEEF756FF00486D0CEBF8B4" blockId="49.[194,1442,1807,1864]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B3DA142FFEEF756FF00486D0B68F8D4" box="[194,545,1807,1831]" location="Rio Branco" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acre">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFEEF756FF00486D0846F8D4" box="[194,271,1807,1831]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">ACRE</collectingRegion>
|
|
(9): Feijó,
|
|
<location id="8E8AFDC4FFEEF756FE56486D0B68F8D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC1A09FFF0F755FF02490408E2FD6D:8E8AFDC4FFEEF756FE56486D0B68F8D4" box="[404,545,1807,1831]" name="Rio Branco" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Acre">Rio Branco</location>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B3DA142FFEEF756FDEF486D0CD6F8D4" box="[557,1439,1807,1831]" collectionCode="BR" location="Benjamin Constant" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="BR 319" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFEEF756FDEF486D0B85F8D4" box="[557,716,1807,1831]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">AMAZONAS</collectingRegion>
|
|
(3):
|
|
<location id="8E8AFDC4FFEEF756FCC7486D0AB2F8D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC1A09FFF0F755FF02490408E2FD6D:8E8AFDC4FFEEF756FCC7486D0AB2F8D4" box="[773,1019,1807,1831]" name="Benjamin Constant" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Amazonas">Benjamin Constant</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4433DAFFEEF756FBC548720D67F8D4" box="[1031,1070,1808,1831]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">BR</collectionCode>
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFEEF756FBF4486D0DDBF8D4" box="[1078,1170,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.19" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" unit="km" value="319.0">319 km</quantity>
|
|
335,
|
|
<specimenCode id="DBF30364FFEEF756FB1448720C7BF8D4" box="[1238,1330,1807,1831]" collectionCode="BR" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">BR 319</specimenCode>
|
|
Km 350
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B3DA142FFEEF756FF00484D0CEBF8B4" box="[194,1442,1839,1864]" collectorName="Chapada dos Guimaraes & Barra dos Bugres" location="MATO GROSSO" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFEEF756FF00484D08D9F8B4" box="[194,400,1839,1863]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">MATO GROSSO</collectingRegion>
|
|
(7):
|
|
<collectorName id="26A0CEC9FFEEF756FE04484D0BBFF8B4" box="[454,758,1839,1863]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Chapada dos Guimarães</collectorName>
|
|
(Fazenda Buriti),
|
|
<collectorName id="26A0CEC9FFEEF756FC1848520DFBF8BB" box="[986,1202,1839,1864]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Barra dos Bugres</collectorName>
|
|
(Reserva Ecológica
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF034FA408CEFF0D" blockId="50.[193,1441,197,254]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
|
|
Serra das Araras), Barra do Tapirapé.
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFEDF755FD4D4FA70B93FF2C" box="[655,730,197,223]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">PARÁ</collectingRegion>
|
|
(16): Belém, Itaituba (Rio Tapajós), Santarém, Serra Norte (igarapé Fofoca).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF034E440824FEAD" blockId="50.[193,1441,294,350]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FF034E440B1FFECD" bold="true" box="[193,598,294,318]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION.</emphasis>
|
|
January (1), February (1), September (1), October (3), November (14), December (12)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEDF755FF034EE408E2FD6D" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF034EE40DC6FE2D" blockId="50.[193,1441,390,670]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FF034EE40819FE6D" bold="true" box="[193,336,390,414]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">BIOLOGY.</emphasis>
|
|
Adults are attracted to lights. In
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFEDF755FD154EE40A6DFE6D" box="[727,804,390,414]" name="Brazil" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
, they have been taken in coconut nurseries (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFEDF755FAE94EE40849FE4D" author="Vayssiere, P." pageId="50" pageNumber="49" pagination="1571 - 1576" refId="ref28434" refString="Vayssiere, P. 1965. Sur quelques insects des palmiers en Amerique de Sud. Mededel Landouwhogesch Opzoekingssta Ghent 30: 1571 - 1576." type="journal article" year="1965">Vayssiere 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). According to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFEDF755FE6C4EC50B8FFE4D" author="Lourencao, A. L. & E. P. Teixeira & S. Ide & L. A. F. Matthes" box="[430,710,422,446]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" refId="ref26362" refString="Lourencao, A. L., E. P. Teixeira, S. Ide, and L. A. F. Matthes. 1999. O genero Strategus Hope, 1837, como praga de Arecaceae, com especial referencia a Strategus surinamensis hirtus Sternberg, 1910 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Campinas, Instituto Agronomico 1999. 27 p. (Boletim cientifico, 41)." type="book" year="1999">Lourenção et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FD124EC50AAAFE4D" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1910" box="[720,995,422,446]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="hirtus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FD124EC50AAAFE4D" box="[720,995,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">S. surinamensis hirtus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a pest of 13 species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FAC54EC40CCAFE4D" box="[1287,1411,422,446]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in several places in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFEDF755FE4D4EA40B07FE2D" box="[399,590,454,478]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">São Paulo state</collectingRegion>
|
|
, causing great damage and death to palm trees.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF334E850B66FDCD" blockId="50.[193,1441,390,670]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
|
|
In Peruvian Amazonia, adults attacks the young leaves and stem bases of the palm,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FB1E4E85085DFDED" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Bactris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gasipaes">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FB1E4E850CE8FE0D" box="[1244,1441,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Bactris gasipaes</emphasis>
|
|
Kunth
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, where they form galleries of
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFEDF755FDB64D640BF2FDED" box="[628,699,518,542]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
|
in depth. The larvae grow in rotten trunks feeding on organic matter (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFEDF755FEE14D440B6BFDCD" author="Couturier, G. & E. Tanchiva & H. Inga & J. Vasquez & R. Riva" box="[291,546,550,574]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" pagination="133 - 142" refId="ref24271" refString="Couturier, G., E. Tanchiva, H. Inga, J. Vasquez, and R. Riva. 1996. Notas sobre los artropodos que viven en el pijuayo (Bactris gasipaes H. B. K: Palmae) en la Amazonia peruana. Revista Peruana de Entomologia 39: 133 - 142." type="journal article" year="1996">Couturier et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF334D2508E2FD6D" blockId="50.[193,1441,390,670]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">In the Brazilian Amazon, adults have been collected from secondary vegetation areas, areas of seasonal whitewater inundation forest (várzea), and ombrophilous forests at elevations ranging from sea level to 200 meters.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |