285 lines
33 KiB
XML
285 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="FD47F12FBD42A80AE8321200929060AD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5352440" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630208260396" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Alvarez, Héctor Jaime Gasca, da, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos, Fonseca & Ratcliffe, Brett C." docDate="2008" docId="03FC1A09FFEDF753FF034D840809F91E" docLanguage="en" docName="0061.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2008 (61)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1.3:InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Strategus surinamensis subsp. surinamensis surinamensis Burmeister 1847" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFC56271FFDFF767FFC24F620949FFF3" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from the Brazilian Amazon" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1699185735107" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="F3B9682944147A6FC51D3862E54ED84A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E0D73B7545B144FE325B7F3785280631">
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<mods:title id="52B340644C51C5C3276400DE8D156E64">Synopsis of the Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from the Brazilian Amazon</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="CF966D8C2A84AD3065A8E49F5139A6B9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0448F50A6A626838F91DE264670E3027">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A999B99215F6B28B89467ADE6F847EA4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="91D73998592F0C5AFCFB405E9DFC4128">Alvarez, Héctor Jaime Gasca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC317FE97CD55D7524980507AA58CDC1">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA Coordenação de Pesquisas em Entomologia Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis CEP 69011 - 970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D1446580615FC5BB3761031DB76F6FD5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="99437478EFA2D927F2421C83BAAE38F6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="517C084FECB34BF50F351EC81CB8DEEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E433DBF73D7061A59DFE91429E3723CB">da, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2B071256ED9B47DA7FFFF31307513F54">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Coordenação de Pesquisas em Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis CEP 69011 - 970 Manaus, Amazonas</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3163EA383D6BE45EEA4C772FCB5AC2DA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="61B2BAD88FFC83C45A603CAC95B97B6C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="354A8A775419446FDAF0B9ECA82BE822">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="44528CB9E8291005CFDF917F0DC2F49F">Fonseca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40181AAC09517384C1474FC9E958CA3D">Amazônia-INPA Entomologia Petrópolis, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="778F42B99512AC85C708A0B19155B477" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="02F4E2E643E3D06947726509BDFE477B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="98CF5C278AA6087AB4DCAF60CAA83206">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5BCC51A3FFEF7C33D7511866ED8465E4">Ratcliffe, Brett C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A62C9326796CA947F89A0B2D54EB8CBD">University of Nebraska State Museum W 436 Nebraska Hall Lincoln, NE 68588 - 0514, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F4B9463394FE9713FA54A1D74C571116">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C3F3F218E0BE95CD8F20FCA02CAC5711">
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<mods:title id="DCA1E073557EC12A70F47AB481137FBF">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B9631A71EB7F20D3F2096D9EB027A4DE">
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<mods:date id="985B027373E1C7CDD5D7FFAD2E94717F">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="26BEC261DB602E01755C7EE21F7FC422" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="E8FA8080D93E2221890961AA0CC22EAB">2008-12-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="AF3B87844B2B4600C6844984AD129A8E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8784B372F2F08B835D1D7E86AF92A563">2008</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="CBDA396059EE264C1CFA26C04770EC37" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="8035EC3455B4ECB6BE710CD61D7A263D">61</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="314074DB084030DD5011215C60D8A1D1" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="EA0590A43DA7B0B84B4202D1EB4970D1">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A4274CB9B83E5A783092C044D0A653CF">62</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="CB3D61E7537F48CAD60DBAF33C713DA7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0962481BE53E889EC32D037B33BE1B65" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5352440</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="982A55566BF5F0900F51CF6AACC86695" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BE7540026830902438BEAC4270E2EA6F" type="Zenodo-Dep">5352440</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FC1A09FFEDF753FF034D840809F91E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC1A09FFEDF753FF034D840809F91E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1A09FFEDF753FF034D840809F91E" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEDF755FF034D840AD6FD0D" box="[193,927,742,766]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF034D840AD6FD0D" blockId="50.[193,927,742,766]" box="[193,927,742,766]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="D0A21C73FFEDF755FF034D840AD6FD0D" bold="true" box="[193,927,742,766]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FF034D840AD6FD0D" authority="surinamensis Burmeister 1847" authorityName="surinamensis Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[193,927,742,766]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="surinamensis">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FF034D840AD6FD0D" bold="true" box="[193,927,742,766]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FF034D840BF5FD0D" bold="true" box="[193,700,742,766]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Strategus surinamensis surinamensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFEDF755FD034D840AD6FD0D" author="Burmeister, H. C. C." box="[705,927,742,766]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" refId="ref23787" refString="Burmeister, H. C. C. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia Xylophila et Pectinicornia) Vol. 5. T. C. F. Enslin; Berlin, Germany. 584 p." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister 1847</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEDF755FF034C64081EFCED" box="[193,343,774,798]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF034C64081EFCED" blockId="50.[193,343,774,798]" box="[193,343,774,798]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFEDF755FF0B4C640807FCED" box="[201,334,774,798]" captionStart-0="Figure 95-100" captionStart-1="Figure 101" captionStartId-0="51.[192,276,1837,1859]" captionStartId-1="52.[192,276,1092,1114]" captionTargetBox-0="[235,1384,203,1752]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1433,202,1073]" captionTargetId-0="figure-16@51.[223,1411,195,1776]" captionTargetId-1="figure-202@52.[193,1447,192,1079]" captionTargetPageId-0="51" captionTargetPageId-1="52" captionText-0="Figure 95-100. Strategus surinamensis surinamensis. 95) Habitus. 96) Male head (dorsal view). 97) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 98) Metatarsus (scale line: 5 mm). 99) Parameres frontal view. 100) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm)." captionText-1="Figure 101. Distribution of Strategus surinamensis surinamensis in Brazilian Amazonia." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352508" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352510" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5352508/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5352510/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Fig. 95-101</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEDF755FF034C250ADDFCAD" box="[193,916,838,862]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF034C250ADDFCAD" blockId="50.[193,916,838,862]" box="[193,916,838,862]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB458C31FFEDF755FF034C250ADDFCAD" box="[193,916,838,862]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF48D0EFFEDF755FF034C250ADDFCAD" author="Burmeister, H. C. C." box="[193,916,838,862]" page="135" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" year="1847">
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<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FF034C250ADDFCAD" authority="surinamensis Burmeister 1847: 135" authorityName="surinamensis Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="135" authorityYear="1847" box="[193,916,838,862]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="surinamensis">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FF034C250BC3FCAD" box="[193,650,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Strategus surinamensis surinamensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFEDF755FD4D4C240ADDFCAD" author="Burmeister, H. C. C." box="[655,916,838,862]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" refId="ref23787" refString="Burmeister, H. C. C. 1847. Handbuch der Entomologie. (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia Xylophila et Pectinicornia) Vol. 5. T. C. F. Enslin; Berlin, Germany. 584 p." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister 1847: 135</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEDF755FF034CE40BD0F96D" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF034CE40A0EFC4D" blockId="50.[193,1441,902,1694]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FF034CE408D3FC6D" bold="true" box="[193,410,902,926]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">DESCRIPTION.</emphasis>
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Width:
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<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFEDF755FE3A4CE40BD4FC6D" box="[504,669,902,926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.16" metricValueMin="1.54" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="21.6" valueMin="15.4">15.4-21.6 mm</quantity>
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(males);
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<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFEDF755FCCB4CE40AE7FC6D" box="[777,942,902,926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" metricValueMax="1.92" metricValueMin="1.54" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="17.3" valueMax="19.2" valueMin="15.4">15.4-19.2 mm</quantity>
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(females). Length:
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<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFEDF755FB574CE40C73FC6D" box="[1173,1338,902,926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4549999999999996" metricValueMax="4.0200000000000005" metricValueMin="2.8899999999999997" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="34.55" valueMax="40.2" valueMin="28.9">28.9-40.2 mm</quantity>
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(males);
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<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFEDF755FF034CC4082CFC4D" box="[193,357,934,958]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.655" metricValueMax="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMin="3.3299999999999996" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="36.55" valueMax="39.8" valueMin="33.3">33.3-39.8 mm</quantity>
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(females). Color: Castaneous to piceous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF334CA408FAFA0D" blockId="50.[193,1441,902,1694]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FF334CA4080EFC2D" bold="true" box="[241,327,966,990]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Males.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FE8F4CA408C7FC2D" box="[333,398,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
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: Frons moderately rugose, surface with 2 small, conical, widely separated tubercles Eye canthus with surface punctate to rugose, apex rounded. Clypeus with apex narrow, weakly acuminate, moderately reflexed (
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<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFEDF755FE084B640B6AFBED" box="[458,547,1030,1054]" captionStart="Figure 95-100" captionStartId="51.[192,276,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1384,203,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-16@51.[223,1411,195,1776]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 95-100. Strategus surinamensis surinamensis. 95) Habitus. 96) Male head (dorsal view). 97) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 98) Metatarsus (scale line: 5 mm). 99) Parameres frontal view. 100) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352508/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
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), surface rugose. Antenna with 10 segments, club subequal in length to segments 2-7. Mandibles with 3 lobes; basal lobe small, apex rounded; middle lobe large, subtriangular, apex rounded; apical lobe small, apex rounded.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FD304B250A23FBAD" box="[754,874,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Pronotum</emphasis>
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: Base with rugopunctate band, band reduced to basal bead at middle. Anterior half with small, deep punctures. Sides rugose, with small punctures. Fovea deep, usually with a longitudinal carina extending posteriorly from base of anterior horn. Majors (
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<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFEDF755FF084BC40856FB4D" box="[202,287,1190,1214]" captionStart="Figure 95-100" captionStartId="51.[192,276,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1384,203,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-16@51.[223,1411,195,1776]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 95-100. Strategus surinamensis surinamensis. 95) Habitus. 96) Male head (dorsal view). 97) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 98) Metatarsus (scale line: 5 mm). 99) Parameres frontal view. 100) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352508/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
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) with anterior horn long, slender, curving forward, apex rounded. Posterior horns long, stout, laterally compressed, apex rounded, subparallel in lateral view. Minors with anterior horn short, conical; posterior horns low and rounded, slightly laterally compressed.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FC7B4B840D4FFB0D" box="[953,1030,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Elytra</emphasis>
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: Sutural stria strongly impressed, crenulate, deep. Surface granulate to punctate, punctures very small; occasionally with 1-3 feebly impressed striae. Sides with 2-3 short rows of moderately deep, ocellate punctures behind humerus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FABB4A4508CFFAAD" authority=": Surface" authorityName="Surface" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Pygidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FABB4A450853FAAD" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Pygidium</emphasis>
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: Surface
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</taxonomicName>
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finely granulate, sparsely punctate, punctures small. Posterior margin with a band of long, yellow to reddish brown setae. Angles rugose. In lateral view, strongly convex.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FB314A050C62FA8D" box="[1267,1323,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Legs</emphasis>
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: Protibia quadridentate. Apex of posterior tibia with 2-3 teeth, median tooth reduced, with rounded apex. First tarsomere of posterior tarsus elongated, quadrangular (
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<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFEDF755FCAB4AC40A89FA4D" box="[873,960,1446,1470]" captionStart="Figure 95-100" captionStartId="51.[192,276,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1384,203,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-16@51.[223,1411,195,1776]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 95-100. Strategus surinamensis surinamensis. 95) Habitus. 96) Male head (dorsal view). 97) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 98) Metatarsus (scale line: 5 mm). 99) Parameres frontal view. 100) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352508/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FC114AC50D6DFA4D" box="[979,1060,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Venter</emphasis>
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: Prosternal process densely setose, long, apex rounded.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FE304AA50B3CFA2D" box="[498,629,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Parameres</emphasis>
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: Oval, slightly variable in degree of curvature, apex setose on inner region (
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<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFEDF755FED94A8408EFFA0D" box="[283,422,1510,1534]" captionStart="Figure 95-100" captionStartId="51.[192,276,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[235,1384,203,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-16@51.[223,1411,195,1776]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 95-100. Strategus surinamensis surinamensis. 95) Habitus. 96) Male head (dorsal view). 97) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 98) Metatarsus (scale line: 5 mm). 99) Parameres frontal view. 100) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352508/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Fig. 99-100</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF3349640BD0F96D" blockId="50.[193,1441,902,1694]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FF3349640822F9ED" bold="true" box="[241,363,1542,1566]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Females.</emphasis>
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As males except in the following respects:
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FCAF49640AE6F9ED" box="[877,943,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
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: Frons rugose. Mandibles similar in size, middle lobe smaller.
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FE0649450B76F9CD" box="[452,575,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Pronotum</emphasis>
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: Sides with lateral margin punctate to rugose in posterior half. Fovea reduced, moderately deep, surface rugose. Tubercles conical, transverse.
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<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FBF649240C5EF9AD" authority=": Surface" authorityName="Surface" box="[1076,1303,1606,1630]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Pygidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FBF649240DE5F9AD" box="[1076,1196,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Pygidium</emphasis>
|
|
: Surface
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
completely rugose to punctate, densely setose, setae long. Apex with 2 small bands of setae. In lateral view, basal half convex, apical half moderately concave.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEDF755FF0349A40B04F8CD" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEDF755FF0349A40B04F8CD" blockId="50.[193,1441,1734,1854]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FF0349A40839F92D" bold="true" box="[193,368,1734,1758]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">DIAGNOSIS.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FEB449A50A0BF92D" authority="surinamensis" authorityName="surinamensis Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[374,834,1735,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="surinamensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FEB449A50A0BF92D" box="[374,834,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Strategus surinamensis surinamensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distinguished from other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FB5749A50C2EF92D" box="[1173,1383,1734,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FB5749A50C42F92D" box="[1173,1291,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Strategus</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that occur in Brazilian Amazonia, especially
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEDF755FD7B49850A94F90D" box="[697,989,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEDF755FD7B49850A91F90D" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1910" box="[697,984,1766,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="hirtus">S. surinamensis hirtus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
by the sparsely punctate and finely granulate surface of the pygidium with a band of long setae in posterior region. In males, the posterior horns are more robust and erect.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="DF2AFB97FFECF754FF02484F0B52F88F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352508" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352508/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" startId="51.[192,276,1837,1859]" targetBox="[235,1384,203,1752]" targetPageId="51">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFECF754FF02484F0B52F88F" blockId="51.[192,1440,1836,1916]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFECF754FF02484F0826F8B1" bold="true" box="[192,367,1837,1859]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Figure 95-100.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFECF754FEB4484F0A52F8B1" authority="surinamensis" authorityName="surinamensis Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[374,795,1837,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="surinamensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFECF754FEB4484F0A52F8B1" box="[374,795,1837,1858]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Strategus surinamensis surinamensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFECF754FCEB484E0A07F8B1" bold="true" box="[809,846,1836,1858]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">95)</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFECF754FC7E484E0AA8F8B1" bold="true" box="[956,993,1836,1858]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">96)</emphasis>
|
|
Male head (dorsal view).
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFECF754FAC2484E0C6CF8B1" bold="true" box="[1280,1317,1836,1858]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">97)</emphasis>
|
|
Male head and pronotum (lateral view).
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFECF754FDD2482B0B7CF8AC" bold="true" box="[528,565,1865,1887]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">98)</emphasis>
|
|
Metatarsus (scale line: 5 mm).
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFECF754FC60482B0A8EF8AC" bold="true" box="[930,967,1865,1887]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">99)</emphasis>
|
|
Parameres frontal view.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFECF754FB28482B0C54F8AC" bold="true" box="[1258,1309,1865,1887]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">100)</emphasis>
|
|
Parameres lateral view (scale line: 1 mm).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF2AFB97FFEBF753FF024B260DECFBA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352510" box="[192,1189,1092,1114]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352510/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" startId="52.[192,276,1092,1114]" targetBox="[206,1433,202,1073]" targetPageId="52">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEBF753FF024B260DECFBA9" blockId="52.[192,1189,1092,1114]" box="[192,1189,1092,1114]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEBF753FF024B260803FBAA" bold="true" box="[192,330,1092,1114]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Figure 101.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEBF753FE384B260AD5FBAA" authority="surinamensis" authorityName="surinamensis Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[506,924,1092,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="surinamensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEBF753FE384B260AD5FBAA" box="[506,924,1092,1113]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Strategus surinamensis surinamensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Brazilian Amazonia.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEBF753FF024BF70AC3F9FE" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEBF753FF024BF70C5DFB3E" blockId="52.[192,1440,1173,1229]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEBF753FF024BF708ECFB5E" bold="true" box="[192,421,1173,1197]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">DISTRIBUTION.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEBF753FE684BF40A3EFB5E" box="[426,887,1174,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamemsis" subSpecies="surinamensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEBF753FE684BF40A3EFB5E" box="[426,887,1174,1197]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Strategus surinamemsis surinamensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distributed from the Amazon River north to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFEBF753FF024BD7080AFB3E" box="[192,323,1205,1229]" name="Venezuela" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
|
, with records in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFEBF753FDC54BD70B39FB3E" box="[519,624,1205,1229]" name="Ecuador" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
|
, French Guiana,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFEBF753FCFD4BD70AEAFB3E" box="[831,931,1205,1229]" name="Guyana" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFEBF753FC234BD70D04FB3E" box="[993,1101,1205,1229]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFEBF753FB984BD70C4EFB3E" author="Ratcliffe, B. C." box="[1114,1287,1205,1229]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="93 - 204" refId="ref27306" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. 1976. A revision of the genus Strategus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 10: 93 - 204." type="journal article" year="1976">Ratcliffe 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEBF753FF024B970A65FADE" blockId="52.[192,1440,1269,1325]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B3DA142FFEBF753FF024B970B6EFADE" collectionCode="LOCALITY, RECORDS" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="72" specimenCount-female="23" specimenCount-male="13">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEBF753FF024B9708BDFAFE" bold="true" box="[192,500,1269,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4433DAFFEBF753FF024B9708A6FAFE" box="[192,495,1269,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">LOCALITY RECORDS</collectionCode>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFEBF753FDC04B970B2BFAFE" box="[514,610,1269,1293]" captionStart="Figure 101" captionStartId="52.[192,276,1092,1114]" captionTargetBox="[206,1433,202,1073]" captionTargetId="figure-202@52.[193,1447,192,1079]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 101. Distribution of Strategus surinamensis surinamensis in Brazilian Amazonia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352510/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D536096FFEBF753FDB24B970A46FAFE" box="[624,783,1269,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" type="generic">36 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
examined (
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D536096FFEBF753FC5A4B970D4DFAFE" box="[920,1028,1269,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D536096FFEBF753FBCC4B970DDBFAFE" box="[1038,1170,1269,1293]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" type="female">23 females</specimenCount>
|
|
). Specimens were seen from the following collections
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
: INPA, CZPB, MZSP.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEBF753FF024A370DC8FA5E" blockId="52.[192,1440,1365,1454]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B3DA142FFEBF753FF024A370C05FA7E" collectionCode="INPA" location="Rio Carabinani" municipality="Parque Nacional do Jau" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFEBF753FF024A370816FA9E" box="[192,351,1365,1389]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">AMAZONAS</collectingRegion>
|
|
(18): Itacoatiara (Fazenda Aruanã Am
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFEBF753FCFC4A370AC3FA9E" box="[830,906,1365,1389]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
|
215, Ponte Mamoud Amed Am 10), Manaus (Fazenda Esteio Am
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFEBF753FE794A170B4FFA7E" box="[443,518,1397,1421]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
|
60, Reserva Ducke,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4433DAFFEBF753FD3B4A170A0BFA7E" box="[761,834,1397,1421]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">INPA</collectionCode>
|
|
),
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8E3165FFEBF753FC964A140D3FFA7E" box="[852,1142,1397,1421]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Parque Nacional do Jaú</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
(
|
|
<location id="8E8AFDC4FFEBF753FB414A170C0AFA7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC1A09FFEDF753FF034D840809F91E:8E8AFDC4FFEBF753FB414A170C0AFA7E" box="[1155,1347,1397,1421]" municipality="Parque Nacional do Jau" name="Rio Carabinani" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Amazonas">Rio Carabinani</location>
|
|
)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFEBF753FA964A160CE9FA7D" box="[1364,1440,1396,1422]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">PARÁ</collectingRegion>
|
|
(5): Canindé, Óbidos.
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B3DA142FFEBF753FE014AF70D35FA5E" box="[451,1148,1429,1453]" location="Rio Uraricoera" municipality="ilha de Maraca" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Roraima">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFEBF753FE014AF70B01FA5E" box="[451,584,1429,1453]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">RORAIMA</collectingRegion>
|
|
(10): Amajari (
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8E3165FFEBF753FD394AF70AFAFA5E" box="[763,947,1429,1453]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">ilha de Maracá</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
,
|
|
<location id="8E8AFDC4FFEBF753FC7F4AF70D3DFA5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC1A09FFEDF753FF034D840809F91E:8E8AFDC4FFEBF753FC7F4AF70D3DFA5E" box="[957,1140,1429,1453]" municipality="ilha de Maraca" name="Rio Uraricoera" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Roraima">Rio Uraricoera</location>
|
|
)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEBF753FF024AB70AC3F9FE" blockId="52.[192,1440,1493,1549]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEBF753FF024AB70B1EFA1E" bold="true" box="[192,599,1493,1517]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION.</emphasis>
|
|
January (3), February (3), March (3, April (1), May (3), June (4), July (1), August (1), September (1), November (2), December (1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFEBF753FF0249570809F91E" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEBF753FF0249570A61F97E" blockId="52.[192,1440,1589,1773]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEBF753FF0249570818F9BE" bold="true" box="[192,337,1589,1613]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">BIOLOGY.</emphasis>
|
|
Adults are nocturnal and are attracted to lights.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEBF753FC6249540C22F9BE" authority="surinamensis" authorityName="surinamensis Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[928,1387,1590,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Strategus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="surinamensis" subSpecies="surinamensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEBF753FC6249540C22F9BE" box="[928,1387,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Strategus surinamensis surinamensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was reported as a pest of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFEBF753FE7D49340BC0F99E" box="[447,649,1622,1645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Bactris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gasipaes">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFEBF753FE7D49340BC0F99E" box="[447,649,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Bactris gasipaes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFEBF753FD6C49370A55F99E" box="[686,796,1621,1645]" country="Brazil" name="Roraima" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Roraima</collectingRegion>
|
|
, feeding at night on young palms and destroying the apical tissues (Trevisan and Fernandes Dias 2004).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFEBF753FF3249F40809F91E" blockId="52.[192,1440,1589,1773]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">In Brazilian Amazonia, adults have been collected from savannah, agricultural areas, ombrophilous forests, and areas of seasonal whitewater inundation forest (várzea) at elevations ranging from sea level to 80 meters.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |