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<document id="E1F8B70E1697502A671428C812FF26EB" ID-CLB-Dataset="77238" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51708a96-c3e5-4455-a91b-edd125411445" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6671183" ID-ZooBank="847C3801-A683-4BBE-8A2E-93B8452E069F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1655279394853" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bass, Amber, Needham, Karen &amp; Bennett, Andrew M. R." docDate="2022" docId="03EE8787FFF28039FF02073AFDF518CF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5154.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5154 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Vespa soror du Buysson" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="314" masterDocId="FFD7FFFFFFF78030FF950161FFC2191E" masterDocTitle="First record of Vespa crabro Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in western North America with a review of recorded species of Vespa Linnaeus in Canada" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="305" pageNumber="310" updateTime="1699339340631" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="81665895FF22DBE660BC00C44AECE8B1">First record of Vespa crabro Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in western North America with a review of recorded species of Vespa Linnaeus in Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FCD48ACF11AED6FD6DFB2FD80CA90691" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E3ED2B14D741A8EB8D537B863267999B">Bass, Amber</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0B26A0E97634B12554B3AA3756D147A8">Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4038518269997EEB223BF34420A33B2C">Needham, Karen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="854F676A0CFCE6560644B0A1A21D49E0">Spencer Entomological Collection, Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V 6 T 1 Z 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5B27759DF4A2065542EE931A2DEBB17F">Bennett, Andrew M. R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DAE191FA10D7BF076CA0A675E17C57F7">Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0576D7BD6D25F393127FF29FDB651A3D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7926F2D83913E3BE98D314A024B3AB39">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C35D651AFFF28035FF02073AFE791F6B" box="[151,443,1627,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF83691FFF28035FF02073AFE791F6B" blockId="5.[151,443,1627,1690]" box="[151,443,1627,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
<heading id="D0B081FDFFF28035FF02073AFE791F6B" bold="true" box="[151,443,1627,1653]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFF28035FF02073AFE791F6B" ID-CoL="7G3BK" authority="du Buysson" authorityName="du Buysson" box="[151,443,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF28035FF02073AFE791F6B" bold="true" box="[151,443,1627,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF28035FF02073AFEE71F6B" bold="true" box="[151,293,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Vespa soror</emphasis>
du Buysson
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D651AFFF28035FF02071EFE851EC3" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF83691FFF28035FF02071EFF1B1F84" blockId="5.[151,443,1627,1690]" box="[151,217,1663,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
<figureCitation id="137C2A14FFF28035FF02071EFF1B1F84" box="[151,217,1663,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[225,1362,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Vespa soror specimen collected at Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Anterior view of head. Vertical arrow in C shows the distance between posterior ocellus and posterior edge of vertex; horizontal arrow shows distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6671201/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF83691FFF28035FF0207A6FE851EC3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1735,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
The specimen collected at the Port of Vancouver in
<date id="FFF91051FFF28035FD7107A9FC9A1FFF" box="[740,856,1735,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" value="2019-05">May 2019</date>
(
<figureCitation id="137C2A14FFF28035FCFD07A6FC6E1FFC" box="[872,940,1735,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[225,1362,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Vespa soror specimen collected at Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Anterior view of head. Vertical arrow in C shows the distance between posterior ocellus and posterior edge of vertex; horizontal arrow shows distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6671201/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) was initially identified morphologically as
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFF28035FF02078DFE421E1B" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,384,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ducalis">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF28035FF02078DFEF11E1B" box="[151,307,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Vespa ducalis</emphasis>
Smith
</taxonomicName>
(https://globalnews.ca/news/5326422/north-vancouver-mystery-hornet-identified) but subsequent examination changed the determination to
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFF28035FD2B0671FBC31E34" authority="du Buysson. We" authorityName="du Buysson. We" box="[702,1025,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF28035FD2B0671FC801E37" box="[702,834,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Vespa soror</emphasis>
du Buysson. We
</taxonomicName>
assembled a 523 bp sequence (GenBank Accession
<accessionNumber id="9414AB72FFF28035FEC70652FE0F1E50" box="[338,461,1843,1870]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OL702715" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">OL702715</accessionNumber>
) that was 98.09% identical to a
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFF28035FCA20655FC4D1E53" box="[823,911,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF28035FCA20655FC4D1E53" box="[823,911,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">V. soror</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequence from
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFF28035FBD40652FB461E53" box="[1089,1156,1843,1869]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">China</collectingCountry>
on GenBank (Accession
<accessionNumber id="9414AB72FFF28035FF020636FEDB1E6F" box="[151,281,1879,1905]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ191819" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" type="GenBank">MZ191819</accessionNumber>
), with an E-value of 0.0, and a bit score of 911. Including the British Columbia specimen, there are five
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFF28035FF02061DFF2D1E8B" box="[151,239,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF28035FF02061DFF2D1E8B" box="[151,239,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">V. soror</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences in the BOLD database (three from
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFF28035FD61061AFCF51E8B" box="[756,823,1915,1941]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">China</collectingCountry>
and one with unknown provenance from
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B60FFF28035FA9E061AFF131EA7" author="Perrard, A. &amp; Pickett, K. M. &amp; Villemant, C. &amp; Kojima, J. &amp; Carpenter, J." pageId="5" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref7699" refString="Perrard, A., Pickett, K. M., Villemant, C., Kojima, J. &amp; Carpenter, J. (2013) Phylogeny of hornets: a total evidence approach (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Vespinae, Vespa). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 32, 1 - 15. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / JHR. 32.4685" type="journal article" year="2013">
Perrard
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF28035FAF1061DFA5F1E8B" box="[1380,1437,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and they all cluster in the same BIN (ACQ0570) that has a maximum sequence divergence between specimens of 2.12%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF386619FFF18036FF02060AFDAF1ED5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671195" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6671195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6671195/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="311" startId="6.[151,250,1899,1923]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1876]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BF83691FFF18036FF02060AFDAF1ED5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1899,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF18036FF02060AFECD1E9A" bold="true" box="[151,271,1899,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="311">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFF18036FE8B060DFE1A1E9A" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[286,472,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandarinia">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF18036FE8B060DFE1A1E9A" box="[286,472,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="311">Vespa mandarinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. AC. Specimen collected at Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. D. Specimen collected in Kyushu, Japan. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Anterior view of head. D. Lateral view of head. el = eye length, gl = gena length, T6 = tergum 6. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF386619FFF08037FF020626FA991E9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6671197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6671197/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" startId="7.[151,250,1863,1887]" targetBox="[152,1429,181,1839]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BF83691FFF08037FF020626FA991E9D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1863,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF08037FF020626FECC1E41" bold="true" box="[151,270,1863,1887]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFF08037FE8E0629FE7E1E41" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1868" box="[283,444,1863,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillima">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFF08037FE8E0629FE7E1E41" box="[283,444,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">Vespa simillima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen collected at Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia, Canada. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Anterior view of head. D. Fore wings. Scale bars: 1 mm. Pt = pterostigma. Dashed line in D is the prestigma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF386619FFFF8038FF0206F6FC501EE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671201" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6671201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6671201/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" startId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[225,1362,181,1920]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BF83691FFFF8038FF0206F6FC501EE9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFFF8038FF0206F6FECF1EAE" bold="true" box="[151,269,1943,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFFF8038FE8F06F9FE531EB1" box="[282,401,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFFF8038FE8F06F9FE531EB1" box="[282,401,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Vespa soror</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen collected at Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Anterior view of head. Vertical arrow in C shows the distance between posterior ocellus and posterior edge of vertex; horizontal arrow shows distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35D651AFFFE8039FF5201F7FDAB19CB" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF83691FFFE8039FF5201F7FDAB19CB" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFFE8039FF5201F7FE6919AE" bold="true" box="[199,427,150,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B2F3CCCFFFE8039FE2901F7FA5A19AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3815670302" box="[444,1432,150,177]" collectingDate="2019-05-10" collectionCode="T" country="Canada" latitude="49.3021" location="Port of Vancouver" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-123.109695" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFFE8039FE2901F7FDF719AE" bold="true" box="[444,565,150,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFFE8039FE2901F7FDF719AE" box="[444,565,150,176]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">CANADA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D41FD18FFFE8039FDD301F6FDB019AF" box="[582,626,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, BC,
<location id="8E98604AFFFE8039FD2201F6FC4A19AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EE8787FFF28039FF02073AFDF518CF:8E98604AFFFE8039FD2201F6FC4A19AF" box="[695,904,151,177]" country="Canada" latitude="49.3021" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-123.109695" name="Port of Vancouver" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Port of Vancouver</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE735056FFFE8039FC0101F7FBF719AF" box="[916,1077,150,177]" degrees="49" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" precision="1" seconds="7.56" value="49.3021">49°187.56”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE735056FFFE8039FBD701F6FB3E19AF" box="[1090,1276,151,177]" degrees="123" direction="west" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" precision="1" seconds="34.92" value="-123.109695">123°6 34.92”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFF91051FFFE8039FA9C01F6FAB819AF" box="[1289,1402,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" value="2019-05-10">
<collectingDate id="EFBDE9B9FFFE8039FA9C01F6FAB819AF" box="[1289,1402,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" value="2019-05-10">10.v.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED56AE54FFFE8039FA1301F6FA5A19AF" box="[1414,1432,151,177]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">T</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2F3CCCFFFE8039FF0201DAFDA719CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3815670305" box="[151,613,186,213]" collectionCode="SEM" country="Canada" location="Hergott" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E98604AFFFE8039FF0201DAFF2D19CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EE8787FFF28039FF02073AFDF518CF:8E98604AFFFE8039FF0201DAFF2D19CB" box="[151,239,187,213]" country="Canada" name="Hergott" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Hergott</location>
, SEM-UBC HYM-14359 (
<collectionCode id="ED56AE54FFFE8039FD8B01DAFD9F19CB" box="[542,605,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">SEM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D651AFFFE8039FF5201BFFF22185F" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF83691FFFE8039FF5201BFFF22185F" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFFE8039FF5201BFFE9B19E6" bold="true" box="[199,345,222,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Distribution</emphasis>
: Native to south and southeast Asia including
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFFE8039FCF101BEFC6219E7" box="[868,928,223,249]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">India</collectingCountry>
, southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFFE8039FBD201BEFB4F19E7" box="[1095,1165,223,249]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFFE8039FB0D01BEFADC19E7" box="[1176,1310,223,249]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFFE8039FABC01BEFA5A19E7" box="[1321,1432,223,249]" name="Myanmar" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFFE8039FF020062FF3F1803" box="[151,253,259,285]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFFE8039FE990062FE871803" box="[268,325,259,285]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Laos</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFFE8039FE120062FE241803" box="[391,486,259,285]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B60FFFE8039FE6D0062FD4C1803" author="Archer, M. E." box="[504,654,258,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref6210" refString="Archer, M. E. (1995) Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of the Vespa mandarinia group (Hym., Vespinae). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 131, 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1995">Archer 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B60FFFE8039FD080062FC7A1803" author="Smith-Pardo, A. H. &amp; Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Kimsey, L." box="[669,952,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref7923" refString="Smith-Pardo, A. H., Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Kimsey, L. (2020) The diversity of hornets in the genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), their importance and interceptions in the United States. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4, 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixaa 006" type="journal article" year="2020">
Smith-Pardo
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFFE8039FCA00062FCB31803" box="[821,881,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
), adventive in northwest Nearctic (Kozak 2020).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D651AFFFE8039FF52002BFDF518CF" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF83691FFFE8039FF52002BFDF518CF" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFFE8039FF52002BFEF8187A" bold="true" box="[199,314,330,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFFE8039FEDE002AFE13187A" box="[331,465,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="soror">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFFE8039FEDE002AFE13187A" box="[331,465,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Vespa soror</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="4C474D12FFFE8039FCDF002AFC27187B" box="[842,997,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">
<emphasis id="B933EA83FFFE8039FCDF002AFC49187A" box="[842,907,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Vespa</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
that have been recorded in
<collectingCountry id="F3507601FFFE8039FAB1002AFABA187B" box="[1316,1400,331,357]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Canada</collectingCountry>
by having a combination of the following characters: 1) gena length at least 1.7× the length of eye (
<figureCitation id="137C2A14FFFE8039FB44000EFAEB1897" box="[1233,1321,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[225,1362,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Vespa soror specimen collected at Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Anterior view of head. Vertical arrow in C shows the distance between posterior ocellus and posterior edge of vertex; horizontal arrow shows distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6671201/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), 2) metasomal tergum 1 length at least half of posterior width, and 3) terga 36 black (
<figureCitation id="137C2A14FFFE8039FB8500F2FBAB18B3" box="[1040,1129,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[225,1362,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Vespa soror specimen collected at Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Anterior view of head. Vertical arrow in C shows the distance between posterior ocellus and posterior edge of vertex; horizontal arrow shows distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6671201/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="314">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), sometimes with a narrow posterior band of orange on tergite 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>