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<mods:title id="4FD8FAFBA9C93418DCB45969226D2A7F">A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Paraguay</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D896CE9ED62FE29AD7DBC3D287A3F56">Ríos, Sergio D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E6AA3DCEB6F4599C72FA4DD946A9669B">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C4E64DFFBAD92FFF366FA8FABEF86B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6188120" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119418812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6188120" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C4E64DFFBAD92FFF366FA8FABEF86B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4E64DFFBAD92FFF366FA8FABEF86B" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFBAD92FFF366FA8FD90FAEA" box="[151,613,1261,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFBAD92FFF366FA8FD90FAEA" blockId="8.[151,613,1261,1320]" box="[151,613,1261,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="D09AE037FFBAD92FFF366FA8FD90FAEA" bold="true" box="[151,613,1261,1287]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFF366FA8FD90FAEA" authority="(Godart, [1824])" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[151,613,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Ceretes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcelserres">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFF366FA8FD90FAEA" bold="true" box="[151,613,1261,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFF366FA8FE66FAEA" bold="true" box="[151,403,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Ceretes marcelserres</emphasis>
(Godart, [1824])
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFBAD92FFF366E4AFED9FACA" box="[151,300,1295,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFBAD92FFF366E4AFED9FACA" blockId="8.[151,613,1261,1320]" box="[151,300,1295,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
(
<figureCitation id="13564BDEFFBAD92FFF3E6E4AFED6FACA" box="[159,291,1295,1320]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 16" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[180,1420,265,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 10 16. Adults of Castniidae. 10. Ceretes marcelserres (Godart), 3, Misiones, Argentina (CFP); 11, Ceretes marcelserres (Godart), Ƥ, Misiones, Argentina (CFP); 12. Prometheus cochrus (Fabricius), 3, Brazil (FMNH); 13. Gazera heliconioides micha (Druce), 3, Sapucay, Paraguay (MNHNPY); 14. Frostetola gramivora (Schaus), 3, Alto Paraná, Paraguay (DZUP); 15. Paysandisia archon (Burmeister), 3, Spain (RVC); 16. Yagra fonscolombe (Godart), 3, Brazil (FMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278917/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
Figs. 10
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFF5B6E55FEFDFAC5" bold="true" box="[250,264,1296,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51"></emphasis>
11
</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFBAD92FFF366E1CFDFEFA83" box="[151,523,1368,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFBAD92FFF366E1CFDFEFA83" blockId="8.[151,523,1368,1390]" box="[151,523,1368,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFF366E1CFE48FA83" authority="Godart" authorityName="Godart" box="[151,445,1368,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcelserres">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFF366E1CFE9BFA83" box="[151,366,1368,1390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Castnia marcelserres</emphasis>
Godart
</taxonomicName>
, [1824]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFBAD92FFF366EDFFF2AF9AF" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFBAD92FFF366EDFFF2AF9AF" blockId="8.[151,1436,1434,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFF366EDFFE89FA5E" bold="true" box="[151,380,1434,1459]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFE256EDEFDB2FA5F" author="Jorgensen, P." box="[388,583,1434,1459]" firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen (1930)</bibRefCitation>
cited the species as
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFC906EDEFBBFFA5F" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[817,1098,1434,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inornata">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFC906EDEFC07FA5E" box="[817,1010,1435,1459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Castnia inornata</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
[a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFF196EFBFE01FA3B" authority="Lamas 1995" authorityName="Lamas" authorityYear="1995" box="[184,500,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcelserres">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFF196EFBFEBDFA3B" box="[184,328,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">marcelserres</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFEFB6EFBFE1EFA3B" author="Lamas, G." box="[346,491,1470,1494]" firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Entomologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="73 - 87" part="37" refId="ref12831" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." title="A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
] and redescribed it after mentioning that the description given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFB596EFBFA62FA3B" author="Strand, E." box="[1272,1431,1470,1494]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Strand" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, A. Kernen" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="7 - 17" part="1" refId="ref13605" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F., In: Seitz, A. (ed.). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart, A. Kernen 6 (1), pp. 7 - 17." title="Gattung: Castnia F." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1913">Strand (1913)</bibRefCitation>
, translated from
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFEE96EA7FE1CFA17" author="Walker, F." bookContentInfo="112 pp." box="[328,489,1506,1530]" firstAuthor="Walker" journalOrPublisher="London, E. W. Janson." pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refId="ref13712" refString="Walker, F. (1869) Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera Heterocera. London, E. W. Janson. 112 pp." title="Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera Heterocera" type="book" year="1869">Walker (1869)</bibRefCitation>
was erroneous. He also collected several specimens in the forest of Tapytá, some
<quantity id="4C95FABEFFBAD92FFA216EA7FF4EF9F3" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
from San Juan Nepomuceno (Caazapá Department) and Mbuvevo (Guairá Department),
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFB126D42FAEEF9F2" box="[1203,1307,1543,1567]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFA8A6D43FF26F9AF" author="Jorgensen, P." firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen 1930</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFBAD92FFF646D0BFC02F8F7" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFBAD92FFF646D0BFC02F8F7" blockId="8.[151,1436,1434,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFF646D0BFEABF98A" bold="true" box="[197,350,1614,1639]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</emphasis>
It is distributed from South East
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFD4A6D0BFCDAF98B" box="[747,815,1614,1638]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFCFB6D0AFC37F98A" box="[858,962,1615,1639]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFC5E6D0BFBA4F98B" box="[1023,1105,1614,1638]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFBC56D0BFB04F98B" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[1124,1265,1614,1638]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFAA16D0BFA7AF98B" author="Strand, E." box="[1280,1423,1614,1638]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Strand" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, A. Kernen" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="7 - 17" part="1" refId="ref13605" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F., In: Seitz, A. (ed.). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart, A. Kernen 6 (1), pp. 7 - 17." title="Gattung: Castnia F." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1913">Strand 1913</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFF366D36FEC0F967" author="Breyer, A." box="[151,309,1650,1675]" firstAuthor="Breyer" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="122 - 124" part="2" refId="ref11631" refString="Breyer, A. (1943) Notas sobre Castniidae argentinos y publicacion de una nueva subespecie. (Lepidopt.) Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 12 (2), 122 - 124." title="Notas sobre Castniidae argentinos y publicacion de una nueva subespecie" type="journal article" year="1943">Breyer (1943)</bibRefCitation>
also mentions the presence of this species (as
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFCE46D36FB69F966" box="[837,1180,1651,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="marcelserres" subSpecies="inornata">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFCE46D36FB69F966" box="[837,1180,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Castnia marcelserres inornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFB6A6D36FAC1F966" box="[1227,1332,1651,1675]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
, suspecting that it could also be in the region of Misiones,
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFD796DD3FCB2F943" box="[728,839,1686,1710]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Argentina</collectingCountry>
The species flies in
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFB956DD2FB69F942" box="[1076,1180,1687,1711]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
during November and December and they hide in small plants as do species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFCB06DFEFC19F93F" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[785,1004,1722,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Dysschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFCB06DFEFC64F93E" box="[785,913,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Dysschema</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFC5A6DFFFB96F93F" box="[1019,1123,1722,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFBCF6DFFFB2CF93F" box="[1134,1241,1722,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arctiinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFB456DFFFAACF93F" box="[1252,1369,1722,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pericopini">Pericopini</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFACE6DFFFEDFF91B" author="Jorgensen, P." firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen 1930</bibRefCitation>
). We could not find recent records of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFC2A6D9AFC01F91A" box="[907,1012,1759,1783]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
, but a few specimens have been collected in Misiones province,
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFE7A6C47FDBEF8F7" box="[475,587,1794,1818]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFDF86C47FC1EF8F7" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[601,1003,1794,1818]" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986; F. Penco, pers. comm.</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFBAD92FFF666C63FC08F88F" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFBAD92FFF666C63FC08F88F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1434,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFF666C63FE3FF8D2" bold="true" box="[199,458,1830,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Biology and behavior.</emphasis>
It appears that the larvae live in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFBAD92FFC946C63FB0AF8D3" authority="Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." box="[821,1279,1830,1854]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Miltonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavescens">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFC946C63FBFAF8D3" box="[821,1039,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Miltonia flavescens</emphasis>
Lindl. (Orchidaceae)
</taxonomicName>
which is very abundant in the region where this castniid flies in
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFD676C0EFCDBF88E" box="[710,814,1867,1891]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFBAD92FFC9D6C0FFC04F88F" author="Jorgensen, P." box="[828,1009,1866,1890]" firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen 1930</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFBAD92FFF666C2BFABEF86B" box="[199,1355,1902,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFBAD92FFF666C2BFABEF86B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1434,1927]" box="[199,1355,1902,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFBAD92FFF666C2BFDDCF86A" bold="true" box="[199,553,1902,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Material examined. GUAIRÁ</emphasis>
: 13, “
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFBAD92FFDD36C2BFD2BF86B" box="[626,734,1902,1926]" name="Paraguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
, Colonia Independencia”, A. Breyer Collection (
<collectionCode id="ED7CCF9EFFBAD92FFB5E6C2BFACAF86B" box="[1279,1343,1902,1926]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/66si-588n" name="Museo de La Plata" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">MLP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>