355 lines
46 KiB
XML
355 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="513C6664DB8C10C808B6CCE7C851ABD6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3055.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9bf75c7-70e5-4d32-b25d-77b45ed25187" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="278914" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1460398265123" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ríos, Sergio D. & González, Jorge M." docDate="2011" docId="03C4E64DFFB6D923FF366961FF06F85C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03055p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3055" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synpalamides phalaris Fabricius 1793" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFFD9E35FFB2D927FFA16B45FFF5FFED" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Paraguay" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1707815058832" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods id="94F6D96C247613421C31A908166AD444" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0731CC76C4212CE0D90F0896613EE6CF">
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<mods:title id="2DBEE62D2A3AF387B75E5C693DB54AEE">A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Paraguay</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DF4D64465C8F303D64C38BF268A49070" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="846F49E4DD66E53F408D05BD808F3F94">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0B58C0DA70CF1A630261743CA1B42859">Ríos, Sergio D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D0AE00290114413DCD3650AE1444D701" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C0872A9DBD43AD84E15F627BF0600C9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0D9E690AF19180F74DCE59507F1061E0">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D7D4CFD24D98CFE8BD50569C5E99555A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F1882933B0DBDFEFD1CFE9BFF629132E">
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<mods:title id="AD448FAA235103D4D61645B4A9E64E57">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B32D4548F980D58D22F2FAEF91D1219C">
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<mods:date id="BDCA8987D36BA673F2AA5B09F5CFC7A2">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CA0FDB0FE299C8EC5137E946CB8440CD">2011-10-11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F0B41FFED9FAC6E4894BD65625E20A14" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FB2D08F16A171D216EE40E1C7E784E79">3055</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FAB28DD633FDFC00F32B2F1EA5E72E74">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C29BAEFE91231710998CA94B9D7C8CAB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3055.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4463B810D2A400F3DEA8943D1E5C03C7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A5DD864540CC438F601C51E59FC097EB" type="Zenodo-Dep">278914</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C4E64DFFB6D923FF366961FF06F85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6188110" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119418825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6188110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C4E64DFFB6D923FF366961FF06F85C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4E64DFFB6D923FF366961FF06F85C" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB6D923FF366961FD71FDD0" box="[151,644,547,574]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB6D923FF366961FD71FDD0" blockId="4.[151,644,547,606]" box="[151,644,547,574]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D09AE037FFB6D923FF366961FD71FDD0" bold="true" box="[151,644,547,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FF366961FD71FDD0" ID-CoL="53YJW" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[151,644,547,574]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FF366961FD71FDD0" bold="true" box="[151,644,547,574]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FF366961FE5CFDD3" bold="true" box="[151,425,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Synpalamides phalaris</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1793)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB6D923FF366903FF1EFDB3" box="[151,235,582,606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB6D923FF366903FF1EFDB3" blockId="4.[151,644,547,606]" box="[151,235,582,606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13564BDEFFB6D923FF3E6903FF17FDB3" box="[159,226,582,606]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 9" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1832,1855]" captionTargetBox="[220,1346,261,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1811]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 9. Adults of Castniidae. 2. Imara satrapes Kollar, 3, Itapúa, Paraguay (MNHNPY); 3. Synpalamides phalaris (Fabricius), 3, Asunción, Paraguay (FCA / DE); 4. Synpalamides rubrophalaris (Houlbert), 3, Alto Paraná, Paraguay (MNHNPY); 5. Castnia invaria penelope Schaufuss (White morph), 3, Sapucay, Paraguay (MGCL); 6. Castnia invaria penelope Schaufuss (red morph), 3, Ypacaraí, Paraguay (FCA / DE); 7. Castnia juturna Hopffer, 3, Argentina (MACN); 8. Telchin licus laura (H. Druce), 3, Canindeyú, Paraguay (MNHNPY); 9. Riechia acraeoides (Guérin-Méneville), 3, Asunción, Paraguay (MNHNPY)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB6D923FF3669CAFE15FD49" box="[151,480,654,677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB6D923FF3669CAFE15FD49" blockId="4.[151,480,654,677]" box="[151,480,654,677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FF3669CAFE15FD49" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[151,480,654,677]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FF3669CAFEC8FD48" box="[151,317,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Papilio phalaris</emphasis>
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Fabricius, 1793
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB6D923FF366994FB6BFA9C" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB6D923FF366994FB6BFA9C" blockId="4.[151,1437,721,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FF366994FE8BFD07" bold="true" box="[151,382,721,746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FE296997FDD4FD04" author="Druce, H." box="[392,545,721,745]" firstAuthor="Druce" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="28 - 42" part="17" refId="ref11877" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of five new species of Heterocera. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 6, 17 (99), 28 - 42." title="Descriptions of five new species of Heterocera" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce (1896)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FD006997FCC1FD04" box="[673,820,722,745]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sora">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FD006997FCC1FD04" box="[673,820,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia sora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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separating it from
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FBB76997FA89FD04" authority="Dalman, 1824" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1824" box="[1046,1404,721,745]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mygdon">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FBB76997FB25FD04" box="[1046,1232,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia mygdon</emphasis>
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Dalman, 1824
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</taxonomicName>
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(a junior subjective synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FE4D69B0FDBCFCE0" box="[492,585,757,781]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FE4D69B0FDBCFCE0" box="[492,585,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">phalaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) basically by being darker. The description of the species is based on two specimens collected in San José, Caaguazú department,
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<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FCB1685FFC8FFCDF" box="[784,890,794,818]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FC25685CFBEAFCDC" author="Strand, E." box="[900,1055,793,817]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Strand" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, A. Kernen" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="7 - 17" part="1" refId="ref13605" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F., In: Seitz, A. (ed.). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart, A. Kernen 6 (1), pp. 7 - 17." title="Gattung: Castnia F." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1913">Strand (1913)</bibRefCitation>
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clearly follows
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FB77685FFA99FCDC" author="Druce, H." box="[1238,1388,793,817]" firstAuthor="Druce" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="28 - 42" part="17" refId="ref11877" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of five new species of Heterocera. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 6, 17 (99), 28 - 42." title="Descriptions of five new species of Heterocera" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce (1896)</bibRefCitation>
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and keeps the species as valid.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FE606878FD83FCB8" author="Houlbert, C." box="[449,630,829,853]" firstAuthor="Houlbert" journalOrPublisher="Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 730" part="15" refId="ref12497" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 15, 1 - 730." title="Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae" type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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place
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FD1F687BFCBBFCB8" box="[702,846,830,853]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sora">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FD1F687BFCBBFCB8" box="[702,846,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia sora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the genus
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FC436878FB8CFCB8" box="[994,1145,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Sympalamide</emphasis>
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s[sic].
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FB626878FAAEFCB8" author="Talbot, G." box="[1219,1371,829,853]" firstAuthor="Talbot" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Zoologicae" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="28 - 34" part="26" refId="ref13650" refString="Talbot, G. (1919) Review of a monograph of the " Castniinae ". Novitates Zoologicae, 26, 28 - 34." title="Review of a monograph of the " Castniinae" type="journal article" year="1919">Talbot (1919)</bibRefCitation>
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mentions that the
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<typeStatus id="54D6E9F9FFB6D923FE8C6827FEA8FC97" box="[301,349,866,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FE206824FD78FC94" box="[385,653,865,889]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Sympalamides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sora">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FE206824FDD6FC94" box="[385,547,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Sympalamides</emphasis>
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[sic]
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FDFA6827FD78FC94" box="[603,653,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">sora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is “a red form of
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FCF16827FC69FC94" box="[848,924,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">mimon</emphasis>
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Hübner”.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FBB06824FB56FC94" author="Lathy, P. I." box="[1041,1187,865,889]" firstAuthor="Lathy" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="68 - 86" part="49" refId="ref12897" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1922) An account of the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 12 (49), 68 - 86." title="An account of the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1922">Lathy (1922)</bibRefCitation>
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reports the species, as
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FF3668C0FE24FC70" box="[151,465,901,925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Sympalamides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaris">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FF3668C0FECCFC70" box="[151,313,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Sympalamides</emphasis>
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[sic]
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FED568C0FE24FC70" box="[372,465,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">phalaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FE7B68C3FDF9FC70" box="[474,524,902,925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Sympalamides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sora">sora</taxonomicName>
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from Sapucay,
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<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FD6268C3FCD9FC73" box="[707,812,902,926]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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, in Fournier’s collection.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FBF468C3FAECFC70" author="Jorgensen, P." box="[1109,1305,901,926]" firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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reports the rare presence of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FEF768EFFCF6FC2C" box="[342,771,937,961]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris" subGenus="Sympalamides">
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FEF768EFFE5BFC2C" box="[342,430,938,961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FE1E68ECFD94FC2C" box="[447,609,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Sympalamides</emphasis>
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)[sic]
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<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FD0468ECFCF6FC2C" box="[677,771,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">phalaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FCAD68EFFCCBFC2C" box="[780,830,938,961]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Sympalamides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sora">sora</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FC2768ECFC10FC2C" box="[902,997,937,961]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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(Central Department), Sapucay (Paraguarí Department), Molino Cué,
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<quantity id="4C95FABEFFB6D923FDA76888FDAEFC08" box="[518,603,973,997]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="120.0">120 km</quantity>
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north of Villarrica (Guairá Department). He also mentions that the species was observed in large numbers by Schade (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FD3068B4FCBAFBE4" author="Jorgensen, P." box="[657,847,1009,1033]" firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FCC468B4FC0FFBE4" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[869,1018,1009,1033]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FBA968B4FBB4FBE4" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1032,1089,1009,1033]" editor="Heppner, J. B." firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref13133" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (ed.). Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA, pp. 133 - 137, 176 - 177." title="Castniidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) keeps the species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FAE768B4FED4FBC0" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FAE768B4FED4FBC0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Synpalamides sora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FED06F53FDFAFBC0" author="Lamas, G." box="[369,527,1045,1069]" firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Entomologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="73 - 87" part="37" refId="ref12831" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." title="A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FDCA6F53FD68FBC0" box="[619,669,1046,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FDCA6F53FD68FBC0" box="[619,669,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">sora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FCCD6F50FC3CFBC0" box="[876,969,1045,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FCCD6F50FC3CFBC0" box="[876,969,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">phalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FC786F50FB8EFBC0" author="Benitez, E. A." bookContentInfo="23 pp." box="[985,1147,1045,1069]" firstAuthor="Benitez" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refId="ref11281" refString="Benitez, E. A. (1988) Catalogo de Lepidopteros coleccionados en el Departamento de Entomologia. Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay. 23 pp." title="Catalogo de Lepidopteros coleccionados en el Departamento de Entomologia" type="book" year="1988">Benítez (1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FB286F50FB36FBC0" author="Benitez, E. A." bookContentInfo="39 pp." box="[1161,1219,1045,1069]" firstAuthor="Benitez" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refId="ref11310" refString="Benitez, E. A. (2002) Listado de nombres Cientificos y vulgares de plagas agricolas y forestales del Paraguay. Segunda edicion. Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay. 39 pp." title="Listado de nombres Cientificos y vulgares de plagas agricolas y forestales del Paraguay. Segunda edicion" type="book" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) mentions the presence of the species, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FE176F7FFDBFFBBC" box="[438,586,1082,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FE176F7FFDBFFBBC" box="[438,586,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia sara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic], in the Collection of the Department of Entomology at Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Back in
|
||
<date id="FFD3719BFFB6D923FE5B6F18FD46FB98" box="[506,691,1117,1141]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="2009-11">November 2009</date>
|
||
, A. Contreras (pers. comm.) photographed a single specimen from Arroyo Las Hermanas, Ñeembucú Department, flying low and slowly alongside several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FBD86FC7FA60FB74" box="[1145,1429,1153,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="invaria" subSpecies="penelope">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FBD86FC7FA60FB74" box="[1145,1429,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia invaria penelope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in an open area, densely covered with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FDE16FE0FD52FB50" box="[576,679,1189,1213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FDE16FE0FD52FB50" box="[576,679,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bromelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. Even though
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FCD66FE0FBF8FB50" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[887,1037,1189,1213]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that this is a highly variable species, she keeps several taxa as valid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FD206F8CFCFDFB0C" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[641,776,1225,1249]" editor="Heppner, J. B." firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref13133" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (ed.). Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA, pp. 133 - 137, 176 - 177." title="Castniidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">Miller 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which were later synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FB366F8FFAC3FB0C" author="Lamas, G." box="[1175,1334,1225,1249]" firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Entomologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="73 - 87" part="37" refId="ref12831" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." title="A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FEA86FA8FD81FAE8" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[265,628,1261,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orestes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FEA86FA8FDF5FAE8" box="[265,512,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Synpalamides orestes</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FD246FA8FBE1FAE8" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[645,1044,1261,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FD246FA8FC7EFAE8" box="[645,907,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Synpalamides phalaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FBF66FA8FEF8FAC4" authority="Houlbert" authorityName="Houlbert" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synpalamides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrophalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FBF66FA8FA69FAE8" box="[1111,1436,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Synpalamides rubrophalaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Houlbert)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could possibly represent stages of a morphological cline. Lamas (pers. comm.) agrees with us in this respect. However, only an in depth morphological study of large series of the many “forms” of those three species will allow to discern if there is a geographic correlation with the several known phenotypes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB6D923FF646E38FDB2FA30" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB6D923FF646E38FDB2FA30" blockId="4.[151,1437,721,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FF646E38FEABFA7B" bold="true" box="[197,350,1405,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
It has been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FD336E38FD2FFA78" box="[658,730,1405,1429]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FD476E3BFCBCFA7B" box="[742,841,1406,1430]" name="Uruguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FC266E3BFC05FA7B" box="[903,1008,1406,1430]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and specimens are known suposedly collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FE856EE4FE66FA54" box="[292,403,1441,1465]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FE056EE4FD43FA54" author="Gonzalez, J. M." box="[420,694,1441,1465]" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Journal of Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="408 - 413" part="40" refId="ref12084" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2004) Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) from Venezuela. VI. The genus Athis. Diagnosis and comments. Caribbean Journal of Science, 40 (3), 408 - 413." title="Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) from Venezuela. VI. The genus Athis. Diagnosis and comments" type="journal article" year="2004">González & Cock 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FD626EE4FC08FA54" author="Gonzalez, J. M. & Stunning, D." box="[707,1021,1441,1465]" firstAuthor="Gonzalez" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="89 - 93" part="117" refId="ref12404" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. & Stunning, D. (2007) The Castniidae at the Zoologisches Forschungmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 117 (2), 89 - 93." title="The Castniidae at the Zoologisches Forschungmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)" type="journal article" year="2007">González & Stünning 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FBAB6EE4FB0EFA54" author="Gonzalez, J. M. & J. H. Boone & G. M. Brilmyer & D. Le" box="[1034,1275,1441,1465]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez" journalOrPublisher="SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="385 - 409" part="38" refId="ref12179" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., J. H. Boone, G. M. Brilmyer & D. Le (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 38 (152), 385 - 409." title="The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
González
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FBDC6EE7FB42FA54" box="[1149,1207,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FAA86EE7FA62FA54" author="Lamas, G." box="[1289,1431,1441,1465]" firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Entomologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="73 - 87" part="37" refId="ref12831" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." title="A critical review of J. Y. Miller's Checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FF366E80FEEFFA30" author="Lathy, P. I." box="[151,282,1477,1501]" firstAuthor="Lathy" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="68 - 86" part="49" refId="ref12897" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1922) An account of the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 12 (49), 68 - 86." title="An account of the Castniinae in the collection of Madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1922">Lathy 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FE846E80FE95FA30" author="Lathy, P. I." box="[293,352,1477,1501]" firstAuthor="Lathy" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="223 - 227" part="68" refId="ref12941" refString="Lathy, P. I. (1923) Further notes on the Castniinae in the collection of madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 12 (68), 223 - 227." title="Further notes on the Castniinae in the collection of madame Gaston Fournier (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="1923">1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FECD6E80FE01FA30" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[364,500,1477,1501]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FE5E6E80FDCEFA30" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[511,571,1477,1501]" editor="Heppner, J. B." firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref13133" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (ed.). Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publications, Gainesville, USA, pp. 133 - 137, 176 - 177." title="Castniidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB6D923FF646EACFB8BF958" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB6D923FF646EACFB8BF958" blockId="4.[151,1437,721,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FF646EACFE3FF9EF" bold="true" box="[197,458,1513,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Biology and behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FE736EACFD8FF9EC" author="Benitez, E. A." bookContentInfo="39 pp." box="[466,634,1513,1537]" firstAuthor="Benitez" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refId="ref11310" refString="Benitez, E. A. (2002) Listado de nombres Cientificos y vulgares de plagas agricolas y forestales del Paraguay. Segunda edicion. Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay. 39 pp." title="Listado de nombres Cientificos y vulgares de plagas agricolas y forestales del Paraguay. Segunda edicion" type="book" year="2002">Benítez (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions this species associated with pineapple (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FB0C6EACFAF4F9EC" box="[1197,1281,1513,1537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Ananas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FB0C6EACFAF4F9EC" box="[1197,1281,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Ananas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.? or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FAFD6EAFFF03F9C8" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Pseudananas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FAFD6EAFFF03F9C8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Pseudananas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.?) and bananas (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FE726D4BFDE4F9C8" box="[467,529,1550,1573]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FE726D4BFDE4F9C8" box="[467,529,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Musa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FDF16D4BFCE4F9C8" author="Jorgensen, P." box="[592,785,1549,1574]" firstAuthor="Jorgensen" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="175 - 180" part="3" refId="ref12562" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1930) Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (14), 175 - 180." title="Los Castniidae de la Argentina y Paraguay" type="journal article" year="1930">Jörgensen (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that the species flies during November and December around plants of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FE3B6D74FDE5F9A4" box="[410,528,1585,1609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Caraguata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caraguatá</taxonomicName>
|
||
” [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FD8E6D74FCB0F9A4" authority="Mez" authorityName="Mez" box="[559,837,1585,1609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balansae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FD8E6D74FCF2F9A4" box="[559,775,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bromelia balansae</emphasis>
|
||
Mez
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FC256D74FB55F9A4" box="[900,1184,1585,1609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Pseudananas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagenarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FC256D74FB55F9A4" box="[900,1184,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Pseudananas sagenarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FB0A6D77FE9FF980" authority="(E. Morren) Camargo" authorityName="(E. Morren) Camargo" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="variety" variety="macrodontes">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FB7E6D74FA9AF9A4" box="[1247,1391,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">macrodontes</emphasis>
|
||
(E. Morren) Camargo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. There is not much known about the life history of this species, however, females have been observed laying eggs on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FE126D3FFDD3F97C" box="[435,550,1658,1681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Guzmania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FE126D3FFDD3F97C" box="[435,550,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Guzmania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FD266D3CFD1BF97C" box="[647,750,1657,1681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Bromelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FD266D3CFD1BF97C" box="[647,750,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Bromelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FC866D3CFC30F97C" box="[807,965,1657,1681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FC7A6D3CFB9DF97C" author="Miller, J. Y." bookContentInfo="571 pp." box="[987,1128,1657,1681]" firstAuthor="Miller" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refId="ref13088" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae). Ph. D. Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 571 pp." title="The taxonomuy, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea: Castniidae)" type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been seen flying in forest clearings during January and February in certain areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FCC36DD8FC52F958" box="[866,935,1693,1717]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC2AAAFFB6D923FC146DD8FB84F958" author="Biezanko, C. M." box="[949,1137,1693,1717]" firstAuthor="Biezanko" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Entomologia, Escola de Agronomia " Eliseu Maciel " (Pelotas) (B)" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="14,1 - 12" refId="ref11402" refString="Biezanko, C. M. (1961 b) Castniidae, Zygaenidae, Dalceridae, Eucleidae, Megalopygidae, Cossidae et Hepialidae da Zona Missioneira do Rio Grande do Sul. Arquivos de Entomologia, Escola de Agronomia " Eliseu Maciel " (Pelotas) (B), 14,1 - 12." title="Castniidae, Zygaenidae, Dalceridae, Eucleidae, Megalopygidae, Cossidae et Hepialidae da Zona Missioneira do Rio Grande do Sul" type="book" year="1961" yearSuffix="b">Biezanko 1961b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37704D0FFB6D923FF646D84FF06F85C" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2575BFFB6D923FF646D84FF06F85C" blockId="4.[151,1437,721,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FF646D84FDA8F937" bold="true" box="[197,605,1729,1754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Material examined. PARAGUARÍ</emphasis>
|
||
: 13, Cerro Acahay.
|
||
<date id="FFD3719BFFB6D923FCE36D84FC42F934" box="[834,951,1729,1753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="1991-11-02">2.XI.1991</date>
|
||
. Coll. C. Aguilar [collected in lowland Forest] (MNHNPY); 13, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FE076DA3FD7EF910" authority="Druce" authorityName="Druce" box="[422,651,1765,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FE076DA3FDCCF910" box="[422,569,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia sora</emphasis>
|
||
Druce
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FD116DA0FBE4F910" authority="Druce" authorityName="Druce" box="[688,1041,1765,1789]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Sympalamides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FD116DA0FCA7F910" box="[688,850,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Sympalamides</emphasis>
|
||
[sic]
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FC2D6DA3FC4BF910" box="[908,958,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">sora</emphasis>
|
||
Druce
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FB926DA0FB6BF910" box="[1075,1182,1765,1789]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sapucay,
|
||
<date id="FFD3719BFFB6D923FAB86DA0FA6DF910" box="[1305,1432,1765,1789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="1903-12-02">2.XII.1903</date>
|
||
, W.Foster,1903
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FEEF6C4FFEA9F8CF" bold="true" box="[334,348,1802,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">–</emphasis>
|
||
138”, “Collection Wm. Schaus” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CCF9EFFB6D923FCA56C4CFCA9F8CC" box="[772,860,1801,1825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MGCL</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FCDB6C4CFBF6F8CF" bold="true" box="[890,1027,1801,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CENTRAL</emphasis>
|
||
: 13, Asunción. Stma.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FA946C4CFA6DF8CC" box="[1333,1432,1801,1825]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFD3719BFFB6D923FF366C68FED5F8A8" box="[151,288,1837,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="1940-12-23">23.XII.1940</date>
|
||
(FCA/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FED26C68FE6FF8A8" box="[371,410,1837,1861]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">DE</collectingCountry>
|
||
); 1Ƥ, [Asunción], Jardín Botánico,
|
||
<date id="FFD3719BFFB6D923FC916C68FC45F8A8" box="[816,944,1837,1861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" value="1955-11-28">28.XI.1955</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CCF9EFFB6D923FC616C68FC0BF8A8" box="[960,1022,1837,1861]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6byf-n19z" name="Museo dei Fisiocritici" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">MFS</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FBB36C68FB41F8AB" bold="true" box="[1042,1204,1837,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CAAGUAZÚ</emphasis>
|
||
: 13, [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6E9F9FFB6D923FB5D6C6BFAC2F8AB" box="[1276,1335,1838,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FAFE6C6BFF03F884" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FAFE6C6BFF03F884" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia sora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6E9F9FFB6D923FEBB6C14FEADF884" box="[282,344,1873,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FEDC6C17FD97F884" authority="Druce" authorityName="Druce" box="[381,610,1873,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FEDC6C17FDE5F884" box="[381,528,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia sora</emphasis>
|
||
Druce
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D2CD8FFB6D923FD266C17FCEFF884" box="[647,794,1874,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FD266C17FCEFF884" box="[647,794,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Castnia sora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D6E9F9FFB6D923FCE36C17FC87F887" box="[834,882,1874,1898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
Druce”, “San José,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A17CBFFB6D923FBFF6C17FB32F887" box="[1118,1223,1874,1898]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, R. Perrens”, “Ex. Coll. Herbert Druce 1913”, “Joicey Bequest., Brit. Mus. 1934
|
||
<emphasis id="B9198B49FFB6D923FCEB6C30FCADF860" bold="true" box="[842,856,1909,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">–</emphasis>
|
||
120.” (NHM, from a photograph provided by Dr. G. Lamas).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |